시기하다 in 30 Seconds
- Envy: wanting what someone else has.
- Used for possessions, skills, success, or situations.
- Can range from mild longing to resentment.
- Distinguish from romantic jealousy ('질투하다').
The Korean verb '시기하다' (sigihada) translates to 'to envy' in English. It describes the feeling of wanting something that someone else possesses, whether it's a material item, a skill, a relationship, or a particular quality. This feeling often arises from a sense of inadequacy or a desire for what is perceived as better or more desirable in another person's life.
In Korean culture, while envy is a universal human emotion, expressing it openly can sometimes be seen as impolite or immature. Therefore, '시기하다' is often used in more private conversations, in literature, or when discussing social dynamics where such feelings are relevant. It can be used to describe both mild jealousy and more intense feelings of covetousness. For instance, someone might '시기하다' a friend's new car, a colleague's promotion, or even someone's apparent happiness. The nuance lies in the intensity and the specific object of the envy. It’s important to distinguish '시기하다' from '질투하다' (jiltuhada), which specifically refers to romantic jealousy, though the two can sometimes overlap in meaning depending on the context.
When describing this emotion, Koreans might use it to explain why someone is acting a certain way. For example, if someone is being unusually critical of a successful peer, it might be suggested that they are doing so out of envy. The verb can also be used introspectively, where an individual acknowledges their own feelings of envy. It's a common theme in storytelling and drama, highlighting human nature and interpersonal relationships. The feeling of '시기하다' can sometimes be a motivator for self-improvement, pushing individuals to work harder to achieve similar goals, but it can also lead to negative emotions like resentment and bitterness if not managed healthily. Understanding '시기하다' provides insight into how Koreans perceive and express complex social emotions, often with a subtle acknowledgment of the inherent challenges in comparing oneself to others.
- Core Meaning
- To desire something that another person has, often accompanied by feelings of discontent or inadequacy.
- Usage Contexts
- Social comparisons, personal aspirations, literary themes, character motivations, and introspective self-reflection.
- Emotional Nuance
- Can range from mild longing to significant discontent, often stemming from perceived disparities.
그녀는 친구의 성공을 시기했다.
나는 그가 가진 재능을 시기할 수밖에 없었다.
'시기하다' is a verb and is conjugated like most other Korean verbs. It typically takes an object, which is the thing or quality being envied. This object is often marked with the particle '을/를' (eul/reul) or can be implied by the context. When referring to the person who is envying, the subject is usually marked with '은/는' (eun/neun) or '이/가' (i/ga).
The most common form you'll encounter is the past tense, '시기했다' (sigihhaetda), meaning 'envied'. The present tense can be expressed as '시기한다' (sigihanda) or in a more polite form, '시기해요' (sigiheyo). The future tense can be formed using '시기할 것이다' (sigihal geosida) or '시기할 거예요' (sigihal geoyeyo).
Consider the following structures:
- Subject + Object + 시기하다
- This is the most straightforward structure. The subject is the one feeling envy, and the object is what they envy.
아이들은 친구의 새 장난감을 시기했다.
- Subject + (이/가) + Adjective/Noun + ~는 것을 + 시기하다
- This structure is used when envying a state or an action.
나는 그가 항상 여유로운 것을 시기한다.
- Subject + -(으)며 + 시기하다
- This structure can be used to describe someone envying something while doing something else, or to express a general state of envy.
그는 성공한 선배들을 시작하며 자신의 상황을 한탄했다.
You'll encounter the verb '시기하다' in various everyday and formal Korean contexts. In casual conversations among friends, it might come up when discussing someone's good fortune or possessions. For example, '내 친구는 새 차를 샀는데, 정말 시기된다!' (Nae chingu-neun sae cha-reul satneunde, jeongmal sigidoenda! - My friend bought a new car, I'm really envious!). This usage is often lighthearted, expressing a wish to have something similar.
In more serious discussions or when analyzing social dynamics, '시기하다' can be used to explain interpersonal conflicts or motivations. For instance, a news report or a sociological analysis might discuss how envy ('시기심' - sigisim, the noun form) drives certain behaviors. A commentator might say, '그 정치인은 상대방의 높은 지지율을 시기하는 것으로 보인다.' (Geu jeongchi-in-eun sangdaebang-ui nopeun jijiyul-eul sigihaneun geos-euro boinda. - That politician seems to envy the opponent's high approval ratings.)
Literature, dramas, and films frequently utilize '시기하다' to portray characters' internal struggles and relationships. A character might be depicted as constantly comparing themselves to others and feeling envy, which then fuels their actions, whether positive or negative. For example, in a historical drama, a less fortunate noble might '시기하다' the wealth and power of a more successful rival. This adds depth to the narrative and explores universal human emotions.
Educational materials, such as language learning resources and psychology texts, will also use '시기하다' to explain concepts related to social comparison, jealousy, and personal development. When discussing the psychology of success and failure, the role of envy is often examined. You might see sentences like, '시기심은 때로 발전을 위한 동기가 되기도 하지만, 때로는 파괴적인 감정이 될 수도 있다.' (Sigisim-eun ttaero baljeon-eul wihan donggi-ga doegido hajiman, ttaero-neun pagoejeogin gamjeong-i doel sudo itda. - Envy can sometimes be a motivation for development, but it can also be a destructive emotion.)
In formal settings like academic lectures or public speeches, the word might be used when discussing societal trends or human behavior. For example, a speaker might address the issue of social inequality and how it can breed envy among different groups. The verb form '시기하다' and its noun form '시기심' are essential tools for articulating these complex feelings and their societal implications. Even in everyday advice, one might hear, '남을 시기하기보다는 자신의 발전에 집중하는 것이 좋다.' (Namlul sigihagibodaneun jasin-ui baljeon-e jipjunghaneun geos-i jota. - It is better to focus on your own development rather than envying others.)
뉴스에서 그 연예인의 화려한 삶을 시작하며 많은 사람들이 부러움을 느꼈다고 보도했다.
드라마 속 주인공은 늘 동생의 재능을 시기했다.
One common mistake learners make is confusing '시기하다' (sigihada - to envy) with '질투하다' (jiltuhada - to be jealous, primarily in a romantic context). While both involve negative feelings towards another's possession, '시기하다' is broader and can apply to possessions, skills, status, or general well-being, whereas '질투하다' is almost exclusively used for romantic jealousy or rivalry.
Another potential pitfall is the direct translation of English phrases. For example, if an English speaker wants to say 'I'm so jealous of your new phone!', they might try to directly translate 'jealous' as '질투하다'. However, in this context, '시기하다' is more appropriate. A better Korean sentence would be, '네 새 휴대폰을 보니 정말 시기돼.' (Ne sae hyudaepeun-eul boni jeongmal sigidwae. - Seeing your new phone, I really envy it.) The verb '시기되다' (sigidoeda), a passive form, is also commonly used here.
Incorrectly applying the object marker can also lead to errors. The thing being envied should be clearly marked as the object. For instance, saying '나는 그를 시기한다' (Naneun geureul sigihanda - I envy him) is grammatically correct if you mean you envy his qualities or situation, but it can be ambiguous. It's clearer to specify what about him is being envied: '나는 그의 자신감을 시기한다' (Naneun geu-ui jasin-gam-eul sigihanda - I envy his confidence).
Overuse or inappropriate use can also be a problem. In situations where mild admiration or appreciation would be more fitting, using '시기하다' can sound overly negative or even accusatory. For example, if someone simply has a nice outfit, saying '나는 그 옷을 시기한다' (Naneun geu os-eul sigihanda - I envy that outfit) might sound a bit too strong unless there's a genuine feeling of wanting that specific item intensely. In such cases, '부럽다' (bureopda - to be envious/admiring) is often a softer and more common alternative.
Finally, learners might struggle with the subtle difference between '시기하다' and '부럽다'. While '부럽다' can also mean 'to envy', it often carries a more positive connotation of admiration and longing, whereas '시기하다' can sometimes imply a more negative, resentful feeling. The choice between them often depends on the intensity of the feeling and the speaker's intention.
Mistake: 그녀는 그의 여자친구를 질투했다.
Correct: 그녀는 그의 여자친구의 인기를 시기했다.
While '시기하다' is the primary verb for envy, several other words and phrases can express similar sentiments with varying nuances:
- 부럽다 (bureopda) - To be envious/admiring
- This is perhaps the most common and versatile alternative. '부럽다' generally carries a softer, more positive connotation than '시기하다'. It often expresses admiration and a desire to have something similar, without necessarily implying resentment or discontent. It's widely used in everyday conversation.
그녀의 여행 사진을 보니 정말 부러웠다.
- 질투하다 (jiltuhada) - To be jealous (romantic)
- As mentioned before, this verb is specifically for romantic jealousy, often involving a fear of losing a partner to a rival, or a feeling of possessiveness. It is not interchangeable with '시기하다' in most contexts.
그는 다른 남자가 아내에게 친절하게 대하는 것을 질투했다.
- 탐내다 (tamnaeda) - To covet; to crave
- This verb implies a strong desire to possess something that belongs to someone else, often with a sense of greed or wanting it for oneself. It's more about wanting to *take* or *have* it than just wanting the quality or status.
그는 옆집의 넓은 정원을 탐냈다.
- 선망하다 (seonmanghada) - To admire; to look up to
- This verb expresses a deep admiration for someone's achievements, qualities, or status, often with a desire to emulate them. It's a more respectful and aspirational form of envy.
많은 젊은이들이 그 발명가를 선망한다.
- 시기심 (sigisim) - Noun: Envy; jealousy
- This is the noun form of '시기하다'. It refers to the emotion of envy itself. It can be used in contexts where you are discussing the feeling rather than the act of envying.
그의 성공에 대한 시기심 때문에 그를 비난했다.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
Interestingly, the same Chinese character '忌' (gi) is also used in the word '기피하다' (gipihada), meaning 'to avoid' or 'to shun'. This highlights the 'fear' or 'aversion' aspect of the character, which can manifest as envy when directed towards others' success or possessions.
Pronunciation Guide
- Mispronouncing the 'ㄱ' (g) sound as 'ㅋ' (k) or vice versa.
- Incorrectly stressing the first or last syllable instead of the second.
- Not clearly enunciating each syllable, leading to a rushed sound.
Difficulty Rating
Recognizing '시기하다' in reading materials is generally straightforward once the core meaning is understood. The context usually clarifies what is being envied. However, distinguishing it from similar words like '부럽다' or '질투하다' can add a layer of complexity.
Using '시기하다' correctly in writing requires careful attention to the object of envy and the appropriate grammatical particles. Choosing between '시기하다', '부럽다', or '탐내다' based on nuance also adds difficulty.
When speaking, choosing the right word ('시기하다' vs. '부럽다') and using it naturally in conversation can be challenging. The social implications of expressing envy also need consideration.
Identifying '시기하다' in spoken Korean is usually achievable through context, but differentiating it from similar-sounding or semantically related words requires a good grasp of nuance and common usage patterns.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Object Marking with 을/를
The thing being envied is typically marked with the object particle '을/를'. For example, '나는 네 재능을 시기한다.' (I envy your talent.)
Verb Conjugation: Past Tense
To express that someone envied something in the past, add '-었/았-' to the verb stem: 시기하다 -> 시기했다. (He envied her success.)
Expressing Envy of Actions/States
To envy someone doing something or being in a certain state, use the pattern '-(는 것을) 시기하다'. For example, '나는 그가 항상 웃는 것을 시기해.' (I envy that he always smiles.)
Passive Voice: ~되다
The passive form '시기되다' means 'to be envied'. For example, '그의 성공은 많은 사람들에게 시기되었다.' (His success was envied by many people.)
Connecting Clauses with -(으)며
The connective ending '-(으)며' can be used to link two actions or states, one of which might be envy. For example, '그는 자신의 처지를 한탄하며 친구를 시기했다.' (Lamenting his own situation, he envied his friend.)
Examples by Level
나는 너의 새 장난감을 시기해.
I envy your new toy.
Simple present tense, direct object.
그 아이는 친구의 간식을 시기했다.
That child envied his friend's snack.
Past tense, direct object.
그녀는 저 예쁜 옷을 시기해요.
She envies that pretty dress.
Polite present tense, direct object.
나는 네가 매일 맛있는 것을 먹는 것을 시기한다.
I envy that you eat delicious things every day.
Present tense, envying a state/action.
그는 친구의 자전거를 시기할 거야.
He will envy his friend's bicycle.
Future tense, direct object.
저는 당신의 그림 실력을 시기합니다.
I envy your drawing skills.
Formal polite present tense, direct object.
동생은 언니의 인형을 시기했다.
The younger sibling envied the older sibling's doll.
Past tense, direct object.
나는 그가 잘 노는 것을 시기해.
I envy that he plays well.
Present tense, envying an action.
그녀는 친구의 멋진 새 차를 시기했다.
She envied her friend's cool new car.
Past tense, specific object.
나는 네가 여행을 많이 가는 것을 시기해.
I envy that you travel a lot.
Present tense, envying an activity.
아이들은 옆집 아이가 가진 장난감을 시기했다.
The children envied the toys the neighbor's child had.
Past tense, specific possessions.
그는 동료의 빠른 승진을 시기하는 것 같다.
He seems to envy his colleague's fast promotion.
Present tense, observing envy.
나는 너의 자신감을 시기할 수밖에 없어.
I can't help but envy your confidence.
Expressing unavoidable envy.
그녀는 항상 다른 사람들이 자신보다 행복하다고 느끼는 것을 시기했다.
She always envied that other people felt happier than her.
Past tense, envying a state of being.
우리는 그의 뛰어난 음악적 재능을 시기한다.
We envy his outstanding musical talent.
Present tense, envying a talent.
그는 부자 친구의 집을 시기할 것이다.
He will envy his rich friend's house.
Future tense, envying a possession.
그녀는 친구가 성공적으로 사업을 운영하는 것을 시기했다.
She envied her friend successfully running a business.
Past tense, envying a complex action/state.
나는 그가 항상 여유로운 태도를 유지하는 것을 시기한다.
I envy that he always maintains a relaxed attitude.
Present tense, envying a characteristic.
많은 사람들이 유명 연예인의 화려한 삶을 시기한다.
Many people envy the glamorous life of famous celebrities.
Present tense, general societal envy.
그는 자신의 능력이 부족하다고 느끼며 동료의 능력을 시기했다.
Feeling his own abilities were lacking, he envied his colleague's abilities.
Past tense, self-perception driving envy.
나는 그가 어려운 상황에서도 긍정적인 마음을 잃지 않는 것을 시기할 수밖에 없다.
I can't help but envy that he doesn't lose his positive mindset even in difficult situations.
Expressing unavoidable envy of resilience.
그녀는 항상 타인의 행복을 시기하는 경향이 있었다.
She had a tendency to always envy the happiness of others.
Past tense, habitual envy.
우리는 그가 가진 자유로운 영혼을 시기한다.
We envy his free spirit.
Present tense, envying a personality trait.
그는 동생의 재능을 시기하여 늘 비교하곤 했다.
Envious of his younger sibling's talent, he often compared them.
Past habitual action driven by envy.
그는 자신의 평범한 삶과 비교하며 친구의 다채로운 경험을 시기했다.
Comparing it to his own ordinary life, he envied his friend's colorful experiences.
Past tense, comparative envy driving the feeling.
인터넷에서 타인의 완벽해 보이는 삶을 보며 시기심을 느끼는 것은 흔한 일이다.
It is common to feel envy while looking at others' seemingly perfect lives on the internet.
Present tense, societal phenomenon of online envy.
그녀는 자신의 능력 부족으로 인해 동료의 성공을 시기하는 자신을 발견했다.
She found herself envying her colleague's success due to her own lack of ability.
Past tense, self-awareness of envy's cause.
작가들은 종종 다른 작가의 창의력과 명성을 시기한다.
Writers often envy the creativity and fame of other writers.
Present tense, professional envy.
나는 그가 가진 타고난 재능과 노력 없이 얻은 성공을 시기할 수밖에 없었다.
I couldn't help but envy the innate talent he possessed and the success he achieved without effort.
Past tense, envying perceived effortless success.
그는 자신의 삶에 만족하지 못하고 끊임없이 타인의 것을 시기했다.
Dissatisfied with his own life, he constantly envied what others had.
Past habitual action driven by dissatisfaction.
많은 사람들이 정치인들의 권력과 영향력을 시기한다.
Many people envy the power and influence of politicians.
Present tense, envy of power and influence.
그녀는 자신의 외모에 대한 자신감을 잃고 친구의 아름다움을 시기하기 시작했다.
Losing confidence in her own appearance, she began to envy her friend's beauty.
Past tense, envy stemming from insecurity.
그는 자신의 제한된 기회와 비교하며, 타인의 무한한 가능성을 시기하는 복잡한 심경을 토로했다.
Comparing it to his own limited opportunities, he expressed his complex feelings of envying the infinite possibilities of others.
Past tense, complex emotional state and expression.
소셜 미디어의 발달은 타인의 이상화된 삶의 단면을 보여줌으로써, 은연중에 시기심을 유발하는 기제로 작용한다.
The development of social media acts as a mechanism that subtly induces envy by showing idealized glimpses of others' lives.
Present tense, analyzing the role of social media in inducing envy.
자신의 부족함을 인정하지 못하는 사람은 타인의 성공을 진심으로 축하하기보다 시기하는 경향이 있다.
A person who cannot admit their own shortcomings tends to envy others' success rather than genuinely congratulating them.
Present tense, psychological tendency of envy.
예술계에서는 종종 동료 예술가들의 독창성과 인정받는 작품을 시기하는 미묘한 경쟁이 존재한다.
In the art world, there often exists a subtle competition where artists envy the originality and recognized works of their peers.
Present tense, professional envy in a specific field.
그는 노력 없이 얻은 것처럼 보이는 타인의 성취를 시기하며, 자신의 끊임없는 노력에도 불구하고 제자리걸음인 현실에 좌절감을 느꼈다.
Envious of others' achievements that seemed to come without effort, he felt frustrated by his reality of treading water despite his own continuous hard work.
Past tense, envy fueled by perceived unfairness of effort-reward.
결핍감에서 비롯된 시기심은 종종 비난이나 폄하로 표출되어 관계를 손상시킨다.
Envy stemming from a sense of lack often manifests as criticism or belittlement, damaging relationships.
Present tense, negative consequences of envy.
사회적 비교는 인간의 본능적인 부분이지만, 타인의 삶을 과도하게 시기하는 것은 정신 건강에 해로울 수 있다.
Social comparison is an instinctive part of human nature, but excessively envying others' lives can be detrimental to mental health.
Present tense, psychological impact of envy.
그는 타인의 안락한 삶을 시기하며, 자신의 불확실한 미래에 대한 불안감을 증폭시켰다.
Envious of others' comfortable lives, he amplified his anxiety about his own uncertain future.
Past tense, envy exacerbating personal anxieties.
그는 자신의 미약한 존재감과 대비되는 타인의 확고한 영향력을 시기하며, 그들의 성공 이면에 숨겨진 노력을 애써 외면했다.
Envious of others' solid influence, which contrasted with his own feeble presence, he deliberately ignored the efforts hidden behind their success.
Past tense, willful ignorance driven by envy.
현대 사회의 경쟁 구도는 종종 개인으로 하여금 타인의 성취를 진정으로 축하하기보다는, 이를 자신의 결핍을 드러내는 지표로 삼아 시기하도록 부추긴다.
The competitive structure of modern society often incites individuals to envy others' achievements, viewing them as indicators of their own deficiencies rather than genuinely celebrating them.
Present tense, societal structures fostering envy.
타인의 안목과 재능을 시기하는 것은 종종 자신의 잠재력을 탐색하고 계발하려는 의지를 약화시키는 자기 파괴적인 순환을 야기한다.
Envy of others' discernment and talent often leads to a self-destructive cycle that weakens the will to explore and develop one's own potential.
Present tense, self-destructive cycle of envy.
예술가들은 종종 동료의 독창적인 비전과 비평가들의 찬사를 시기하면서도, 동시에 그러한 성취를 이루기 위한 고뇌의 과정을 무시하곤 한다.
Artists often envy the original visions and critical acclaim of their peers, while simultaneously overlooking the agonizing process required to achieve such accomplishments.
Present tense, overlooking effort while envying outcome.
그는 자신의 발걸음이 더딘 것을 한탄하며, 타인의 순탄한 여정을 시기하는 나머지, 그 여정의 이면에 드리운 보이지 않는 난관들을 간과했다.
Lamenting his slow progress, and envious of others' smooth journeys, he overlooked the invisible obstacles that lay behind those paths.
Past tense, overlooking unseen difficulties while envying apparent ease.
인간의 내면에 뿌리 깊은 시기심은 종종 타인의 행복을 폄하하거나 그들의 몰락을 은밀히 바라는 형태로 발현되어, 공동체의 건강성을 해친다.
Deep-rooted envy within human nature often manifests as belittling others' happiness or secretly wishing for their downfall, thereby undermining the health of a community.
Present tense, societal impact of deep-seated envy.
사회적 성공의 척도가 물질적 풍요에만 집중될 때, 타인의 소박한 만족감을 시기하는 역설적인 현상이 발생하기도 한다.
When the measure of social success is solely focused on material wealth, a paradoxical phenomenon can occur where one envies others' simple contentment.
Present tense, paradoxical envy in a materialistic society.
그는 자신의 성취가 타인의 그것에 비해 미미하다는 인식 때문에, 그들의 경력적 진보를 시기하는 씁쓸한 감정을 떨쳐내지 못했다.
Due to the perception that his achievements were insignificant compared to those of others, he could not shake off the bitter feeling of envying their career progression.
Past tense, envy stemming from comparative insignificance.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To feel envy.
그녀의 성공 소식을 듣고 나도 모르게 시기심이 들었다.
— To envy others.
남을 시기하는 마음을 버리고 자신의 삶에 집중해야 한다.
— To look at someone with envy.
그는 경쟁자의 성과를 시기하는 눈으로 바라보았다.
— To harbor feelings of envy.
그는 오랫동안 친구에 대한 시기하는 마음을 품고 있었다.
— To show an envious attitude.
그녀는 칭찬받는 동료에게 시기하는 태도를 보였다.
— It's natural to envy.
그렇게 좋은 것을 가지고 있다면 누구나 시기하는 것이 당연하다.
— To work hard instead of envying.
시기하는 대신, 그처럼 되기 위해 노력하는 것이 낫다.
— Rather than envying...
시기하기보다는 자신의 장점을 살리는 것이 중요하다.
— To hide one's envious expression.
그는 애써 시기하는 기색을 감추며 웃었다.
— To overcome feelings of envy.
자신의 시기하는 마음을 극복하고 긍정적인 태도를 갖도록 노력해야 한다.
Often Confused With
'부럽다' also means 'to be envious' but generally carries a more positive connotation of admiration and longing, whereas '시기하다' can imply a more negative, resentful feeling. '부럽다' is often preferred for lighter, more positive expressions of wanting what someone else has.
'질투하다' specifically refers to romantic jealousy or rivalry, often involving possessiveness or fear of loss. It is not used for general envy of possessions or achievements.
'탐내다' means 'to covet' or 'to crave', implying a strong desire to possess something, often with a sense of greed. It's more about wanting to take or have the item itself, while '시기하다' focuses on the feeling towards the person who possesses it.
Idioms & Expressions
— Literally 'stomach hurts'. This idiom is used to express envy or jealousy, especially when someone else experiences good fortune or success.
친구가 복권에 당첨되었다는 소식을 듣고 배가 아팠다.
Informal— Literally 'eyes turn over'. This idiom describes a state of extreme envy or greed, where one loses control and becomes obsessed with what others have.
그녀는 그 비싼 보석을 보자마자 눈이 뒤집혔다.
Informal/Strong— Literally 'If your cousin buys land, your stomach hurts'. This is a classic Korean proverb that directly illustrates the feeling of envy towards close relations' success or good fortune.
사촌이 땅을 사면 배가 아프다는 말처럼, 친구의 승진이 마냥 기쁘지만은 않았다.
Proverbial/Informal— Literally 'to swallow saliva'. This can imply longing or desire, often associated with envy or coveting something desirable.
그녀는 진열된 명품 가방을 보며 침을 삼켰다.
Informal— Literally 'to put one's eyes on'. This means to covet or desire something strongly, often implying a wish to possess it.
그는 항상 회사에서 가장 좋은 자리를 눈독 들이고 있었다.
Informal— Literally 'Someone else's rice cake looks bigger'. This proverb highlights the tendency to perceive what others have as better or more desirable than one's own, a core aspect of envy.
항상 남의 떡이 더 커 보이는 사람은 만족을 모른다.
Proverbial/Informal— To feel envy and jealousy.
그녀의 완벽한 삶을 보니 시기질투가 났다.
Neutral— Literally 'heart feels sore'. This can describe a feeling of sadness or heartache, which can be associated with envy when one feels inadequate compared to others.
그의 성공을 보며 내 마음이 쓰렸다.
Informal/Poetic— Literally 'to click one's tongue'. This action can express disapproval or sometimes a sigh of regret or envy.
그녀는 자신의 상황을 한탄하며 혀를 찼다.
Informal— Literally 'eyes spin around'. Similar to '눈이 뒤집히다', this implies being overcome by desire or greed, often due to envy.
그 소문을 듣고 사람들의 눈이 돌아갔다.
Informal/StrongEasily Confused
Both '시기하다' and '부럽다' can translate to 'to envy' in English, leading to confusion about when to use which.
'시기하다' often carries a stronger, potentially negative connotation of resentment or discontent with one's own situation, arising from comparison. '부럽다' is generally softer, expressing admiration and a more positive longing for what someone else has, without necessarily implying negativity towards them. Think of '시기하다' as a more pointed envy, and '부럽다' as a more general admiration.
나는 네가 가진 재능을 시기한다. (I envy your talent - implies a stronger, perhaps slightly resentful feeling.) 나는 네가 여행을 많이 가는 것이 부럽다. (I envy that you travel a lot - expresses admiration and longing.)
Both '시기하다' and '질투하다' relate to negative feelings towards someone else's situation or possession.
'질투하다' is almost exclusively used for romantic jealousy, such as being jealous of a partner's interactions with others or fearing a rival. '시기하다' is much broader and applies to envy of anything – possessions, skills, success, status, etc. – and is not inherently romantic.
그녀는 그의 여자친구를 질투했다. (She was jealous of his girlfriend - implies romantic jealousy.) 그녀는 그의 성공을 시기했다. (She envied his success - general envy of achievement.)
Both involve desiring what others have.
'탐내다' means 'to covet' or 'to crave', focusing on the strong desire to possess something, often with a hint of greed or wanting to take it. '시기하다' is more about the feeling of envy directed at the person who has it, and the comparison of one's own situation to theirs. You might '탐내다' a specific object, but you '시기하다' the person who owns it or their general good fortune.
나는 그 차를 탐낸다. (I covet that car - strong desire to possess the car.) 나는 그가 멋진 차를 가지고 있는 것을 시기한다. (I envy that he has a cool car - focus on the feeling towards the owner and the situation.)
Both involve looking up to someone's qualities or achievements.
'선망하다' means 'to admire' or 'to look up to' with deep respect and aspiration. It's a positive emotion focused on emulating someone's success. '시기하다' involves envy, which can have negative undertones of discontent or resentment, even if there's a desire to achieve similar things. '선망하다' is aspirational; '시기하다' can be comparative and discontented.
많은 사람들이 그 발명가를 선망한다. (Many people admire that inventor - respectful aspiration.) 그는 동료의 뛰어난 능력을 시기했다. (He envied his colleague's outstanding abilities - implies discontent with his own abilities.)
Both relate to wanting things, especially things others have.
'욕심내다' means 'to be greedy' or 'to desire excessively'. It focuses on the intensity of the desire and the potential for greed. While envy ('시기하다') can stem from or lead to greed, '욕심내다' is more about the sheer wanting and the potential for selfish acquisition. You might '욕심내다' something you see, but you '시기하다' the person who has it.
그는 남의 것을 너무 욕심냈다. (He was too greedy for others' things - focus on greed.) 그녀는 친구의 완벽한 삶을 시기했다. (She envied her friend's perfect life - focus on the feeling of discontent and comparison.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + Object + 시기하다.
나는 네 장난감을 시기해.
Subject + Object + 시기했어요.
그 아이는 친구의 간식을 시기했어요.
Subject + (이/가) + Action/State + -는 것을 + 시기하다.
나는 그가 항상 잘 웃는 것을 시기해.
Subject + Object + 시기했다.
그녀는 친구의 새 차를 시기했다.
Subject + Object + 시기할 것이다.
그는 동생의 재능을 시기할 것이다.
Subject + Object + -(으)며 + 시기하다.
자신의 상황을 한탄하며 그는 친구를 시기했다.
Subject + Object + 시기되다.
그의 성공은 많은 사람들에게 시기되었다.
Subject + Object + -(으)ㄴ/는 점을 + 시기하다.
나는 그가 어려운 상황에서도 긍정적인 점을 시기한다.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Medium-High (common in discussions about social comparison and personal feelings)
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Confusing '시기하다' with '질투하다'.
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Using '질투하다' for romantic jealousy and '시기하다' for general envy.
'질투하다' specifically refers to romantic jealousy and possessiveness. '시기하다' is used for envy of possessions, skills, success, or situations in general. Using '질투하다' for non-romantic envy would be incorrect.
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Using '부럽다' when a stronger, negative envy is intended.
→
Using '시기하다' when the feeling is more pointed or resentful.
'부럽다' is a softer, more admiring term. If the feeling is one of discontent or a stronger desire born from comparison, '시기하다' might be more appropriate, though it can sound more negative.
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Omitting the object marker '을/를'.
→
Including '을/를' after the object of envy.
The object of envy must be clearly marked with '을/를' for grammatical correctness. Omitting it can lead to ambiguity or incorrect sentence structure. For example, '나는 네 재능을 시기한다' (I envy your talent) is correct, while '나는 네 재능 시기한다' is not.
-
Using '시기하다' for simple admiration.
→
Using '부럽다' or '존경하다' for admiration.
While envy can stem from admiration, '시기하다' implies a desire for what someone else has, potentially with discontent. If the feeling is purely positive admiration for someone's qualities or achievements, '부럽다' or '존경하다' (to respect) would be more suitable.
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Directly translating 'I'm jealous' from English.
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Choosing the appropriate Korean verb based on context ('시기하다', '부럽다', or '질투하다').
English 'jealous' can cover both romantic jealousy and general envy. In Korean, these are distinct. A direct translation might lead to using '질투하다' inappropriately for general envy. Always consider the specific type of negative feeling.
Tips
Distinguish '시기하다' from '부럽다'
While both mean 'to envy', '시기하다' often carries a stronger, potentially negative connotation of discontent or resentment, while '부럽다' is softer and expresses more admiration and longing. Use '부럽다' for lighter, more positive expressions of wanting what someone else has.
Mark the Object Clearly
When using '시기하다', make sure to clearly mark the object of envy with the particle '을/를' (eul/reul) for grammatical correctness and clarity. This helps avoid ambiguity.
Learn Related Terms
Familiarize yourself with related words like '시기심' (envy/jealousy - noun), '부럽다' (to be envious/admiring), and '질투하다' (to be jealous - romantic). Understanding these distinctions will enrich your vocabulary and usage.
Consider Cultural Nuances
In Korean culture, open expressions of envy can sometimes be viewed negatively. Be mindful of the context and the relationship with the person you are speaking to. Often, expressing '부러움' (admiration) is a more socially acceptable alternative.
Practice the Stress
The primary stress in '시기하다' falls on the second syllable: 시-GI-하-다. Practicing this stress pattern will help you pronounce the word more naturally.
Use Mnemonics
Create associations to remember the word. For example, imagine someone named 'Siggy' who always 'sees' what others have and feels grumpy ('gee' sound), leading to '시기하다'.
Write Example Sentences
Actively create your own sentences using '시기하다' in various contexts. Try to describe different things you might envy and use different tenses and politeness levels.
Listen Actively
Pay attention to how native speakers use '시기하다' in dramas, movies, or conversations. This will provide valuable insights into its natural usage and the subtle emotional nuances.
Compare with Antonyms
Understanding antonyms like '축하하다' (to congratulate) or '만족하다' (to be satisfied) can help solidify the meaning of '시기하다' by highlighting what it is not.
Explore the Origin
Knowing that '시기하다' comes from the Chinese character '忌' (meaning 'to fear' or 'to envy') can provide a deeper understanding of its core meaning and historical context.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine someone named 'Siggy' who is always looking at other people's shiny toys and wishing they had them. Siggy is always '시기하다'. The 'si-gi' sound can remind you of 'Siggy'.
Visual Association
Picture a person looking over a fence at a neighbor's beautiful garden, with a wistful expression. Their eyes are wide, and they might be slightly leaning forward, wanting what the neighbor has. This visual captures the essence of '시기하다'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe three things you might '시기하다' about a fictional character in a movie or book. Use the verb '시기하다' in your sentences.
Word Origin
The word '시기하다' originates from the Sino-Korean word '時期' (shíqī in Mandarin Chinese, meaning 'period of time' or 'season') combined with the verb suffix '-하다' (-hada), which forms verbs. However, the meaning of '시기' in '시기하다' is not directly related to time periods. Instead, it comes from the Chinese character '忌' (jì), which means 'to fear', 'to avoid', 'to envy', or 'to be jealous'. The combination suggests an emotion related to 'fearing' or 'being jealous of' another's position or possessions.
Original meaning: The original meaning derived from '忌' points towards an emotion of fear or jealousy towards another's favorable circumstances or possessions.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)Cultural Context
Expressing envy directly can be seen as immature or socially inappropriate in many Korean contexts. It's often more acceptable to express '부러움' (admiration/longing) or to focus on self-improvement rather than dwelling on what others have. When discussing envy, it's often framed as a personal challenge to overcome.
In English-speaking cultures, envy can be expressed more directly, and the word 'jealousy' is often used more broadly to cover both romantic jealousy and general envy, though distinctions are also made. The cultural acceptance of expressing such emotions can vary greatly.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Discussing personal achievements or possessions.
- 나는 네 새 차를 시기해.
- 그녀는 친구의 성공을 시기했다.
- 이런 재능을 시기하는 건 당연해.
Analyzing character motivations in stories or dramas.
- 그 인물은 동생의 재능을 시기했다.
- 시기심이 그의 행동을 이끌었다.
- 그녀는 주인공의 행복을 시기했다.
Reflecting on societal trends and human emotions.
- 소셜 미디어는 시기심을 유발할 수 있다.
- 타인의 삶을 시기하는 것은 좋지 않다.
- 우리는 종종 우리가 갖지 못한 것을 시기한다.
Expressing personal feelings of longing or discontent.
- 나는 네가 항상 여유로운 것을 시기해.
- 그의 자유로운 영혼을 시기할 수밖에 없어.
- 나는 저런 기회를 시기한다.
Comparing oneself to others.
- 그는 자신의 상황을 친구와 비교하며 시기했다.
- 나보다 잘난 사람들을 시기하는 마음이 들었다.
- 나는 너의 자신감을 시기한다.
Conversation Starters
"What's something you've recently seen or heard that made you feel '시기하다' (envy)?"
"Do you think it's more common to '시기하다' (envy) material possessions or personal qualities?"
"How do you usually deal with feelings of '시기하다' (envy) towards others?"
"Can you think of a time when '시기하다' (envy) might have motivated someone positively?"
"What's the difference between '시기하다' (envy) and '부럽다' (admiration/longing) in Korean?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a situation where you felt '시기하다' (envy) towards someone. What did you envy, and how did it make you feel?
Reflect on the difference between '시기하다' (envy) and '부럽다' (admiration). When might you use each word to describe your feelings?
Write about a time you witnessed someone else feeling '시기하다' (envy). How did you know, and what was the situation?
Consider the proverb '사촌이 땅을 사면 배가 아프다'. How does this proverb relate to the concept of '시기하다' (envy) in Korean culture?
If you could overcome one feeling of '시기하다' (envy) in your life, what would it be and why?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions'시기하다' and '부럽다' both translate to 'to envy' in English, but they have different nuances. '시기하다' often implies a stronger, potentially negative feeling of discontent or resentment towards someone else's possessions, achievements, or situation. It arises from a comparison where you feel you are lacking. '부럽다', on the other hand, is generally softer and more positive, expressing admiration and a simple longing for what someone else has, without necessarily carrying negative feelings towards them. For example, you might say '네 새 휴대폰이 부럽다' (I envy/admire your new phone) in a lighthearted way, but '그의 성공을 시기하다' (to envy his success) might suggest a deeper, possibly resentful feeling.
'시기하다' can range from mild longing to intense resentment. While it often carries a negative connotation because it stems from discontent and comparison, it can sometimes serve as a motivator for self-improvement. However, in Korean culture, dwelling on envy is generally seen as unproductive and potentially harmful, so the focus is often on overcoming it rather than embracing it.
Yes, absolutely. '시기하다' is not limited to material possessions. You can envy someone's talent, intelligence, confidence, creativity, good health, or even their seemingly happy relationships. The core of the feeling is desiring what another person possesses or experiences.
The noun form of '시기하다' is '시기심' (sigisim), which means 'envy' or 'jealousy'. You might hear phrases like '시기심을 느끼다' (to feel envy) or '시기심이 많다' (to have a lot of envy).
The most common and versatile way to say 'I envy you' is '나는 네가 부럽다' (Naneun nega bureopda), which uses the softer, more admiring term. If you want to express a stronger, perhaps more pointed envy, you could say '나는 네 것을 시기해' (Naneun ne geos-eul sigihahae - I envy your things/what you have) or specify what you envy about them. For example, '나는 네가 항상 즐거워 보이는 것을 시기해' (I envy that you always look happy).
While '시기하다' can be used in formal contexts, it's often used carefully. In very formal or academic writing, the noun form '시기심' might be more common when discussing the concept of envy abstractly. When used as a verb in formal speech, it might be softened or used in a context where the negative aspect is being analyzed or acknowledged objectively.
'시기하다' refers to general envy of someone's possessions, qualities, or success. '질투하다', on the other hand, specifically denotes romantic jealousy, often involving possessiveness or fear of losing a partner to a rival. You would '시기하다' a friend's new car, but you would '질투하다' if your partner were flirting with someone else.
While not a direct reflexive verb, you can express envying oneself in a comparative sense. For instance, '나는 내가 더 똑똑했으면 좋겠다고 시기한다' (I envy if only I were smarter) is not grammatically standard. Instead, you would express self-disappointment or wish for improvement, e.g., '내가 더 똑똑했으면 좋겠어' (I wish I were smarter). However, the passive form '시기되다' (to be envied) is common.
Yes, several idioms express envy. '배가 아프다' (literally 'stomach hurts') is a common informal idiom for feeling envious. '사촌이 땅을 사면 배가 아프다' (If your cousin buys land, your stomach hurts) is a proverb illustrating envy towards close relations' success. '남의 떡이 더 커 보인다' (Someone else's rice cake looks bigger) highlights the tendency to find others' possessions more desirable.
Instead of using '시기하다' directly, consider using '부럽다' (bureopda) which expresses admiration and longing more positively. You can also focus on what you can learn or achieve yourself, rather than dwelling on what others have. For instance, instead of saying 'I envy his talent,' you might say 'I admire his talent and want to improve my own skills.'
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Summary
The Korean verb '시기하다' means to envy, describing the desire for what another person possesses, whether it's material items, skills, or success. It's a common emotion explored in various contexts, from casual conversations to literature, and is distinct from romantic jealousy ('질투하다').
- Envy: wanting what someone else has.
- Used for possessions, skills, success, or situations.
- Can range from mild longing to resentment.
- Distinguish from romantic jealousy ('질투하다').
Distinguish '시기하다' from '부럽다'
While both mean 'to envy', '시기하다' often carries a stronger, potentially negative connotation of discontent or resentment, while '부럽다' is softer and expresses more admiration and longing. Use '부럽다' for lighter, more positive expressions of wanting what someone else has.
Mark the Object Clearly
When using '시기하다', make sure to clearly mark the object of envy with the particle '을/를' (eul/reul) for grammatical correctness and clarity. This helps avoid ambiguity.
Learn Related Terms
Familiarize yourself with related words like '시기심' (envy/jealousy - noun), '부럽다' (to be envious/admiring), and '질투하다' (to be jealous - romantic). Understanding these distinctions will enrich your vocabulary and usage.
Consider Cultural Nuances
In Korean culture, open expressions of envy can sometimes be viewed negatively. Be mindful of the context and the relationship with the person you are speaking to. Often, expressing '부러움' (admiration) is a more socially acceptable alternative.
Example
친구의 성공을 시기하지 말고 축하해 줘라.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More emotions words
받아들이다
A2To accept, to embrace, to take in.
아파하다
A2To feel pain or sorrow.
감탄스럽다
A2To be admirable or wonderful; to inspire awe.
감탄
A2Admiration or marvel; a feeling of wonder.
감탄하다
A2To admire or to marvel; to express wonder.
기특하다
B1Admirable for a good deed or thought; commendable.
충고
B1Guidance or recommendations offered with regard to prudent future action; advice.
애정
B1Affection; a gentle feeling of fondness or liking.
애틋하다
B2To be tender, fond, or wistful.
살갑다
B2To be warm, friendly, affectionate.
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