Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Latvian numbers 11-20 end in '-padsmit', which literally means 'on ten'.
- Numbers 11-19 are formed by adding '-padsmit' to the base number: 'vien' + 'padsmit' = 'vienpadsmit'.
- The number 20 is a unique word: 'divdesmit'.
- All these numbers are indeclinable in their basic form.
Cardinal Numbers 11-20
| Number | Latvian | Suffix |
|---|---|---|
|
11
|
vienpadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
12
|
divpadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
13
|
trīspadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
14
|
četrpadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
15
|
piecpadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
16
|
sešpadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
17
|
septiņpadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
18
|
astoņpadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
19
|
deviņpadsmit
|
-padsmit
|
|
20
|
divdesmit
|
-desmit
|
Meanings
These are cardinal numbers used to count quantities between 11 and 20.
Counting
Identifying a specific quantity of items.
“Man ir divpadsmit āboli.”
“Viņai ir trīspadsmit gadi.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
11-19
|
Base + padsmit
|
vienpadsmit
|
|
20
|
div + desmit
|
divdesmit
|
|
Question
|
Cik + noun?
|
Cik ābolu?
|
|
Answer
|
Number + noun
|
Divpadsmit āboli
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Man ir piecpadsmit ābolu. (General)
Man ir piecpadsmit āboli. (General)
Man ir piecpadsmit āboli. (General)
Man ir piecpadsmit āboli. (General)
The -padsmit Suffix
Teens
- vienpadsmit 11
- divpadsmit 12
Teens vs Tens
Number Formation
Is it 11-19?
Latvian Numbers
Teens
- • 11
- • 12
- • 13
- • 14
レベル別の例文
Man ir vienpadsmit gadi.
I am eleven years old.
Tur ir divpadsmit krēsli.
There are twelve chairs there.
Man vajag trīspadsmit olas.
I need thirteen eggs.
Viņai ir četrpadsmit grāmatas.
She has fourteen books.
Es nopirku piecpadsmit ābolus.
I bought fifteen apples.
Mums ir sešpadsmit minūtes.
We have sixteen minutes.
Viņi gaida septiņpadsmit cilvēkus.
They are waiting for seventeen people.
Tur ir astoņpadsmit putni.
There are eighteen birds there.
Deviņpadsmit studenti piedalījās lekcijā.
Nineteen students participated in the lecture.
Divdesmit dienas ir pagājušas.
Twenty days have passed.
Man ir vienpadsmit eiro.
I have eleven euros.
Mēs redzējām divpadsmit zvaigznes.
We saw twelve stars.
Trīspadsmit no viņiem piekrita plānam.
Thirteen of them agreed to the plan.
Četrpadsmitajā stāvā ir birojs.
The office is on the fourteenth floor.
Piecpadsmit minūšu laikā mēs būsim klāt.
In fifteen minutes we will be there.
Sešpadsmit gadus viņš dzīvoja Rīgā.
He lived in Riga for sixteen years.
Septiņpadsmitais gadsimts bija sarežģīts.
The seventeenth century was complicated.
Astoņpadsmit gadus vecs jaunietis uzvarēja.
An eighteen-year-old youth won.
Deviņpadsmit procenti iedzīvotāju balsoja.
Nineteen percent of the population voted.
Divdesmit gadu jubileja tika svinēta.
The twentieth anniversary was celebrated.
Vienpadsmitais noteikums ir vissvarīgākais.
The eleventh rule is the most important.
Divpadsmit mēneši veido vienu gadu.
Twelve months make up one year.
Trīspadsmitajā reizē viņam izdevās.
On the thirteenth time he succeeded.
Četrpadsmit gadu garumā viņš krāja pieredzi.
Over the course of fourteen years he gathered experience.
間違えやすい
Learners mix up '-padsmit' and '-desmit'.
Using cardinal numbers for dates/floors.
Using the wrong case for nouns after numbers.
よくある間違い
vien desmit
vienpadsmit
divpadsmit
divdesmit
trīspadsmit
trīspadsmit
četrpadsmit
četrpadsmit
piecpadsmit
piecpadsmit
sešpadsmit
sešpadsmit
septiņpadsmit
septiņpadsmit
astoņpadsmit
astoņpadsmit
deviņpadsmit
deviņpadsmit
divdesmit
divdesmit
vienpadsmitais
vienpadsmitais
divpadsmitais
divpadsmitais
trīspadsmitais
trīspadsmitais
četrpadsmitais
četrpadsmitais
文型パターン
Man ir ___ gadi.
Es nopirku ___ ābolus.
Tur ir ___ cilvēki.
Mēs gaidījām ___ minūtes.
Real World Usage
Man vajag piecpadsmit ābolus.
Mums ir divpadsmit punkti.
Man ir deviņpadsmit gadi.
Pēc vienpadsmit minūtēm.
15 draugi atzīmēja šo.
Es strādāju tur četrpadsmit gadus.
Use the suffix
Don't confuse 20
Practice base numbers
Be precise
Smart Tips
Always use the correct base number + padsmit.
Use 'gadi' for 11-19.
Don't add spaces.
Listen for the suffix.
発音
Vowel length
Long vowels are marked with a macron (ā, ē, ī, ū).
Palatalization
The 'ņ' is a palatalized 'n'.
Statement
Man ir vienpadsmit. ↘
Falling intonation for simple statements.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'padsmit' as 'plus ten'. 11 is 1 plus ten, 12 is 2 plus ten.
視覚的連想
Imagine a teenager (teen) wearing a shirt with 'PADSMIT' written on it. Every time you see a number 11-19, visualize that teenager.
Rhyme
Vien, div, trīs, četr, piec, seš, septiņ, astoņ, deviņ, padsmit klāt, tagad varam skaitīt klāt!
Story
A boy named 'Vien' meets 'Padsmit' at the park. They join forces to become 'Vienpadsmit'. They invite 'Div' to join, and he becomes 'Divpadsmit'. Soon, all the numbers 1-9 join the party.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Count all the items in your room up to 20 in Latvian.
文化メモ
Numbers are used in everyday life, especially in markets.
Similar number systems exist in Lithuanian.
The decimal system is standard.
The suffix '-padsmit' comes from the phrase 'pa desmit', meaning 'on ten'.
会話のきっかけ
Cik tev ir gadu?
Cik ābolus tu nopirki?
Cik cilvēki bija uz ballīti?
Cik minūtes tu gaidīji?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Vien___
Which is 20?
Find and fix the mistake:
Man ir divpadsmit gadi (for 20).
Man ir 11 āboli.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Man / ir / 12 / gadi.
19 is deviņpadsmit.
A: Cik tev ir gadu? B: Man ir ___.
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesVien___
Which is 20?
Find and fix the mistake:
Man ir divpadsmit gadi (for 20).
Man ir 11 āboli.
13
Man / ir / 12 / gadi.
19 is deviņpadsmit.
A: Cik tev ir gadu? B: Man ir ___.
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
You say 'vienpadsmit'.
No, 20 is 'divdesmit'.
It means 'on ten'.
Yes, 'piecpadsmit eiro'.
No, they are indeclinable.
You say 'deviņpadsmit'.
Don't worry, people will understand.
Yes, they are standard.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
once, doce, trece...
Latvian uses a consistent pattern for all 11-19.
onze, douze, treize...
Latvian is more systematic.
elf, zwölf, dreizehn...
Latvian has a pattern for all 11-19.
juu-ichi, juu-ni...
Latvian uses a suffix instead of a prefix.
ahada 'ashar, ithna 'ashar...
Latvian uses a suffix.
shi-yi, shi-er...
Latvian uses a suffix.
