A1 Verb Tenses 1 min read かんたん

The Present-Future Suffix (-na/-ne/-no/-nö)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The -na suffix is your go-to for talking about things you do regularly or will do in the future.

  • Add -na/-ne/-no/-nö to the verb stem based on vowel harmony.
  • Use it for habitual actions: 'I drink coffee every morning' (Bi öglöö bolgon kopi uudag).
  • Use it for future intentions: 'I will go to the store' (Bi delgüür ruu yavna).
Verb Stem + Suffix (-na/-ne/-no/-nö) = Present/Future Action

Conjugation of -na/-ne/-no/-nö

Verb Stem Vowel Suffix Full Form
yav
a
-na
yavna
unshi
i
-ne
unshine
id
i
-ne
idne
u
u
-no
uuno
ö
ö
-nö
önö

Meanings

The -na suffix indicates an action that is habitual, recurring, or planned for the future.

1

Future Intent

Actions planned for a later time.

“Bi nom unshina.”

“Bid hoyor yavna.”

2

Habitual Action

Actions performed regularly.

“Bi öglöö bolgon dasgal hiine.”

“Ter surguulid surdag.”

Reference Table

Reference table for The Present-Future Suffix (-na/-ne/-no/-nö)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + na/ne/no/nö
Bi yavna
Negative
Stem + hgui
Bi yavahgui
Question
Stem + na/ne/no/nö + uu/üü
Ta yavna uu?
Short Affirmative
Stem + na
Yavna
Short Negative
Stem + hgui
Yavahgui

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Bi yavna.

Bi yavna. (General)

ニュートラル
Bi yavna.

Bi yavna. (General)

カジュアル
Yavna.

Yavna. (General)

スラング
Yavchihna.

Yavchihna. (General)

The -na Suffix Map

-na Suffix

Usage

  • Habit Every day
  • Future Tomorrow

Vowel Harmony

A/AI
yavna will go
E/I/Ö
idne will eat

How to choose the suffix

1

Is the last vowel A?

YES
Use -na
NO
Check E/I/O/U

Common Verbs

🏃

Action

  • • yavna
  • • irne
  • • hiine
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レベル別の例文

1

Bi yavna.

I will go.

2

Bi us uuna.

I will drink water.

3

Ter nom unshina.

He/she will read a book.

4

Bid hool idne.

We will eat food.

1

Bi margaash ajildaa yavna.

I will go to work tomorrow.

2

Ter öglöö bolgon guina.

He runs every morning.

3

Ta irne uu?

Will you come?

4

Bi yvahgui.

I will not go.

1

Bid ireh doloohon honogt uulzana.

We will meet next week.

2

Ter surguulid surdag.

He studies at school.

3

Hün bolgon az jargaltai amidrana.

Everyone will live happily.

4

Bi chamd tuslana.

I will help you.

1

Tengeriin baidal saijirna gej bodoj baina.

I think the weather will improve.

2

Ter ööröö hiine.

He will do it himself.

3

Bid ene asuudliig shiidne.

We will solve this problem.

4

Tanii sanaliig huleen avna.

We will accept your suggestion.

1

Ene niigmiin öörchlöltiig bid hamtdaa tuulna.

We will overcome this social change together.

2

Ter hezee ch buuj ögöhgui.

He will never give up.

3

Bidnii ireedüi gereltei haragdana.

Our future looks bright.

4

Tanii tushaal yosoor hiigden.

It will be done according to your order.

1

Tüühin ergeeltend bidnii ulamjlal hadgalagdana.

Our traditions will be preserved in the turn of history.

2

Ter öörin zorigoo haruulna.

He will demonstrate his courage.

3

Bidnii zutgel ur dungee ögööhni lavtai.

It is certain that our efforts will bear fruit.

4

Ene nuhsöl ni bidnii ireedüig todorhoilno.

This condition will define our future.

間違えやすい

The Present-Future Suffix (-na/-ne/-no/-nö) 対 -na vs -j baina

Learners use -na for current actions.

よくある間違い

✗

Bi yavne

✓

Bi yavna

Vowel harmony error: 'a' requires 'na'.
✗

Bi yavna baina

✓

Bi yavna

Redundant tense markers.
✗

Bi yavna odoo

✓

Bi yavj baina

Using -na for present continuous.
✗

Ter yavna bolno

✓

Ter yavna

Over-complicating simple future.

文型パターン

Bi ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Bi ochino.

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💡

Vowel Harmony

Always look at the last vowel of the stem.

Smart Tips

Use time markers like 'margaash'.

Bi yavna. → Bi margaash yavna.

発音

yav-na

Vowel Harmony

Ensure the vowel in the suffix matches the stem.

Statement

Bi yavna ↓

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Ta yavna uu? ↑

Rising intonation for questions.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'NA' as 'Next Action'. If you are doing it next, use -na!

視覚的連想

Imagine a calendar page flipping forward. Every time it flips, you add a -na sticker to the day.

Rhyme

Vowel harmony is the key, add -na to the verb for you and me.

Story

Bat wakes up. He says 'Bi ajild yavna' (I will go to work). He drinks coffee: 'Bi kopi uuna'. He works: 'Bi ajlaa hiine'.

Word Web

yavnairneidneuunahiineunshina

チャレンジ

Write 3 sentences about what you will do tomorrow using -na.

文化メモ

Mongolians are very direct. Using -na is the standard way to express intent.

The -na suffix evolved from ancient Turkic-Mongolic verb forms.

会話のきっかけ

“

Ta margaash yu hiine ve?

日記のテーマ

Write about your daily routine.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Bi nom ___ (unshih).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: unshina
Vowel harmony.

Score: /1

練習問題

1 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Bi nom ___ (unshih).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: unshina
Vowel harmony.

Score: /1

よくある質問 (1)

No, it is the same for all subjects.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Future tense

Mongolian lacks a dedicated 'will' word.

French moderate

Futur simple

No person agreement in Mongolian.

German high

Präsens

German conjugates for person.

Japanese high

Non-past

Japanese is SOV, similar to Mongolian.

Arabic low

Imperative/Future

Arabic is highly inflected.

Chinese low

Time markers

Chinese is isolating, Mongolian is agglutinative.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Related Grammar Rules

A2

The Past Participle as a Main Verb (-san)
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