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B1 adjective 10分钟阅读

specifiek

例句 specifiek 30秒了解
解析 specifiek in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should recognize 'specifiek' as a word that helps you point things out. It is very similar to the English word 'specific.' You might hear it in a shop when a salesperson asks if you are looking for something 'specifiek.' At this stage, don't worry too much about complex grammar; just know that it means 'this one' or 'this type.' You can use it to clarify your needs. For example, 'Ik zoek een specifiek boek' (I am looking for a specific book). It helps you move beyond just saying 'dat' (that) or 'dit' (this). You will mostly see it in simple sentences about shopping, ordering food, or basic instructions. Focus on the fact that it identifies a particular thing from a group. Even at A1, using 'specifiek' makes you sound more organized in your communication. It is a 'bridge word' because it looks and sounds like English, making it easy to remember and use early in your Dutch journey. Just remember: 'specifiek' = 'particular.'
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At the A2 level, you start to use 'specifiek' to give more detail in your daily life. You should begin to notice that when it comes before a noun like 'vraag' (question), it becomes 'specifieke.' You can use it to ask for clarification: 'Kunt u een specifiek voorbeeld geven?' (Can you give a specific example?). This is very useful when you are learning and don't understand a general rule. You will also encounter it in work-related contexts, such as 'specifieke taken' (specific tasks). At A2, you are moving from simple identification to basic description. You might use it to talk about your hobbies, like 'Ik hou van een specifiek soort muziek' (I like a specific kind of music). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'speciaal.' Remember, 'speciaal' is for things that are 'extra' or 'lovely,' while 'specifiek' is for things that are 'precise' or 'defined.' Practice using it in sentences where you need to filter out options. It’s a great word for making your Dutch sound more professional and less like a beginner.
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As a B1 learner, 'specifiek' becomes a key tool for precision. You are expected to use it accurately as both an adjective ('de specifieke reden') and an adverb ('ik heb dit specifiek voor jou gedaan'). At this level, you should be able to follow discussions where people use 'specifiek' to define boundaries, rules, or plans. You will hear it often in the news or in work meetings. You should also be comfortable with the comparative form 'specifieker' when asking for more detail. For example, 'We moeten specifieker zijn over onze doelen.' You are also learning to use it in the negative: 'niet specifiek.' This is a common way to say 'not really' or 'nothing in particular.' At B1, you should also understand how 'specifiek' relates to prepositions, like 'specifiek gericht op' (specifically aimed at). This allows you to construct more complex sentences about your opinions and professional background. You are now using the word to add nuance, showing that you can distinguish between a general situation and a particular instance. This is a hallmark of the transition to intermediate Dutch.
At the B2 level, 'specifiek' is used in more abstract and technical contexts. You will encounter it in academic texts, legal documents, and complex professional debates. You should understand its role in defining 'specifieke kenmerken' (specific characteristics) of a theory or a scientific phenomenon. At this stage, you should also be aware of its synonyms like 'nauwgezet' or 'concreet' and know when to choose 'specifiek' over them. You can use 'specifiek' to argue a point with precision, narrowing down an argument to a 'specifiek aspect.' Your grammar should be flawless when inflecting the word, and you should be able to use it effortlessly in fast-paced conversations. You might also encounter it in more idiomatic expressions or in the context of 'specifiek gewicht' (specific gravity) in scientific Dutch. At B2, you are not just using the word to be clear; you are using it to be sophisticated. You can discuss 'specifieke modaliteiten' of a contract or 'specifieke behoeften' of a target audience in a marketing plan. The word is no longer just an adjective; it's a structural element of your advanced communication.
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For C1 learners, 'specifiek' is part of a broad palette of words used to convey subtle meanings. You understand the stylistic choice of using 'specifiek' versus 'bepaald' or 'uitdrukkelijk.' You can use the word to create emphasis in formal speeches or writing. For instance, 'Het gaat hier niet om een algemeen probleem, maar om een zeer specifiek falen van het systeem.' You are also sensitive to the register; you know that 'specifiek' can sometimes sound a bit clinical or bureaucratic, and you might choose a different word like 'precies' to sound more personal. You can handle technical jargon where 'specifiek' has a very defined meaning, such as in biology or physics. Furthermore, you can use 'specifiek' to structure complex narratives, using it to zoom in from a broad theme to a particular detail. Your usage is characterized by a high degree of collocations—you know exactly which nouns 'specifiek' pairs with most naturally in various professional fields. You are now a master of precision, using 'specifiek' to eliminate any possible ambiguity in your high-level Dutch communication.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'specifiek.' You use it with total spontaneity and can even play with its placement for rhetorical effect. You understand the historical development of the word and its Latin roots, which helps you grasp its use in archaic or highly formal legal texts. You can distinguish between 'specifiek' and 'idiosyncratisch' or 'particulier' in a philosophical discussion. Your ability to use the word extends to the most specialized domains, whether it's 'soortelijke (specifieke) warmte' in thermodynamics or 'specifieke rechtvaardiging' in legal philosophy. You can also critique the use of the word in others' writing, identifying when it is used redundantly or as a 'weasel word' to avoid real commitment. At this level, 'specifiek' is just one of many tools you use to craft perfect, nuanced, and highly effective Dutch. You can use it to define the 'specifieke eigenheid' of a piece of literature or the 'specifieke dynamiek' of a social movement. Your mastery is such that the word feels as natural to you in Dutch as it does in your native language, and you use it to achieve the highest levels of clarity and intellectual rigor.
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例句

specifiek 30秒了解

  • Specifiek means specific, particular, or precise in Dutch.
  • It is used to narrow down a general category to a single point.
  • As an adjective, it often takes an '-e' ending (specifieke).
  • It is widely used in professional, academic, and daily life contexts.

The Dutch word specifiek is a fundamental adjective and adverb that English speakers will find remarkably familiar, yet it carries nuances in Dutch that are essential for achieving B1-level fluency. At its core, it translates to 'specific,' 'particular,' or 'precise.' It is used to narrow down a broad category to a singular, well-defined point. Whether you are discussing a particular law, a specific ingredient in a recipe, or a precise moment in history, specifiek is your go-to term. In the Dutch cultural context, where clarity and directness are highly valued, being specifiek is often seen as a sign of competence and honesty. If someone asks you for feedback, they don't just want a general 'good job'; they want specifieke feedback—concrete points they can act upon.

Direct Identification
When you need to point out one item among many. For example, 'Ik zoek een specifiek type schroef' (I am looking for a specific type of screw).
Exclusivity
Indicating that something applies only to one group or situation. 'Dit medicijn is specifiek voor kinderen' (This medicine is specifically for children).
Precision in Communication
Used to demand or provide detail. 'Kun je specifieker zijn?' (Can you be more specific?).

De politie zoekt naar een specifiek voertuig dat betrokken was bij het incident.

Understanding the difference between specifiek and its common cousins like speciaal (special) is crucial. While speciaal implies something is extraordinary or unique in an emotional or quality-based sense, specifiek is about definition and categorization. If a chair is speciaal, it might be beautiful or antique. If a chair is specifiek, it is the exact one mentioned in a contract or designed for a particular medical condition. In professional settings, using specifiek helps avoid the 'polderen' (consensus-seeking) trap of being too vague. Dutch professionals prefer specifieke doelstellingen (specific objectives) over vague promises. This word also appears frequently in scientific and academic Dutch, where specifieke massa (specific gravity) or specifieke kenmerken (specific characteristics) are standard terms. By mastering this word, you move away from the 'A1/A2' habit of using 'dingen' (things) and 'mensen' (people) and start defining the world with the precision that Dutch speakers appreciate.

We hebben geen specifieke plannen voor het weekend, we zien wel wat er gebeurt.

Using specifiek correctly involves understanding its role as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it modifies a noun to indicate a particular instance. As an adverb, it modifies a verb or another adjective to indicate the manner or degree of specificity. The most common grammatical hurdle for English learners is the inflectional '-e'. Let's look at the patterns: 'een specifiek doel' (het-woord, indefinite) versus 'het specifieke doel' (het-woord, definite) and 'de specifieke vraag' (de-woord). This subtle change is the hallmark of a B1 learner. Furthermore, specifiek is often paired with prepositions like 'voor' (for) or 'op' (on/at). For example, 'zich specifiek richten op' means 'to focus specifically on'.

As an Adjective
Used before nouns to define them. 'Zij heeft een specifieke interesse in architectuur.'
As an Adverb
Used to modify actions. 'Ik heb dit specifiek voor jou gekocht.' (I bought this specifically for you).
In Comparisons
'Kunt u iets specifieker zijn?' (Can you be a bit more specific?). Here, it takes the comparative form '-er'.

Het is belangrijk om specifieke instructies te volgen tijdens het experiment.

In Dutch syntax, specifiek often appears in the middle of a sentence, following the 'Time-Manner-Place' (TMP) rule when acting as an adverb. For instance, 'Ik ga morgen (T) specifiek (M) naar Amsterdam (P) om die tentoonstelling te zien.' If you place it at the beginning of a sentence, you are adding strong emphasis: 'Specifiek voor dit project hebben we extra budget nodig.' This flexibility allows you to highlight exactly what is 'particular' about your statement. Another common usage is in the phrase 'niet specifiek,' which can mean 'not particularly' or 'not specifically.' If someone asks, 'Ben je moe?' you might answer, 'Niet specifiek, maar ik heb wel een lange dag gehad.' This functions similarly to 'not really' or 'not in particular.' Mastering these sentence structures ensures that your Dutch sounds natural and precise, avoiding the vagueness that can sometimes frustrate native speakers in a professional or academic environment.

Zijn er specifieke eisen waar de kandidaten aan moeten voldoen?

You will encounter specifiek in almost every layer of Dutch society, but it is most prominent in professional, academic, and technical settings. In a Dutch office, managers will often ask for 'specifieke actiepunten' (specific action points) at the end of a meeting. They aren't looking for a general summary; they want to know who is doing what and by when. In the realm of healthcare, a doctor might talk about 'specifieke symptomen' to differentiate between a common cold and something more serious. If you are a student at a Dutch university, your professors will frequently use the term when discussing research methodologies or 'specifieke literatuur' (specific literature) that you must cite. It’s also a staple in Dutch news reporting, especially when legal or political details are being parsed.

In Customer Service
'Heeft u een specifieke vraag over uw factuur?' (Do you have a specific question about your invoice?)
In Science/Tech
'Deze software is ontworpen voor een specifiek besturingssysteem.'
In Daily Life
When shopping: 'Ik zoek specifiek deze kleur verf.' (I am specifically looking for this color of paint.)

De handleiding legt specifiek uit hoe je de onderdelen moet monteren.

Beyond formal settings, specifiek is also used in social contexts to clarify intentions. If a friend invites you to a party and asks if you want anything, you might say, 'Niet specifiek iets te drinken, water is prima.' Here, it softens the request while maintaining clarity. In the digital world, Dutch speakers use specifiek when searching online. A 'specifieke zoekterm' (specific search term) yields better results than a general one. You will also hear it in the context of hobbies. A birdwatcher might be looking for a 'specifieke vogelsoort' (specific bird species). The word is ubiquitous because the Dutch language prizes the ability to distinguish between the general ('algemeen') and the particular ('specifiek'). It is a word that builds bridges between abstract ideas and concrete reality. Whether you are reading a contract, listening to a podcast about history, or just trying to buy the right type of 'hagelslag' at Albert Heijn, being alert to the word specifiek will help you navigate Dutch life with much greater precision.

Er is geen specifieke reden voor zijn vertrek; hij wilde gewoon iets nieuws.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make with specifiek is confusing it with speciaal. In English, 'special' and 'specific' have a slight overlap, but in Dutch, they are quite distinct. If you say, 'Ik heb een speciale vraag,' it sounds like your question is unique, unusual, or perhaps very important. If you say, 'Ik heb een specifieke vraag,' it means your question is about a precise detail. Another error is the incorrect application of the adjective ending '-e'. Remember that specifiek only gets an '-e' if it precedes a 'de-woord' or a plural noun, or a 'het-woord' preceded by a definite article or possessive. 'Een specifiek boek' is correct, but 'Het specifieke boek' requires the '-e'.

Confusion with 'Speciaal'
Mistake: 'Ik zoek een speciaal gereedschap' (implies a magical or unique tool). Correct: 'Ik zoek een specifiek gereedschap' (implies a particular type of tool).
Missing the Adjective Ending
Mistake: 'De specifiek methode'. Correct: 'De specifieke methode'.
Overusing 'Specifiek' as a Filler
While common, using it too much can make you sound overly technical or robotic. Sometimes 'precies' or 'bepaald' is more natural.

Fout: 'Hij is een speciaal geval.' (He is a special case/person). Goed: 'Dit is een specifiek geval van fraude.' (This is a specific instance of fraud).

Another subtle mistake occurs in the adverbial use. Learners often want to translate 'specifically' as 'specifieklijk' (which is not a word). In Dutch, the adjective form specifiek functions as the adverb without any additional suffix. 'Ik heb dit specifiek voor jou gedaan' is the correct way to say 'I did this specifically for you.' Additionally, be careful with the word 'precies.' While specifiek and precies are synonyms, precies is used more for measurements and time ('om precies vijf uur'), whereas specifiek is used for categories and distinct items. Finally, avoid using specifiek when you actually mean 'concreet' (concrete). While related, concreet is often used when asking someone to provide a real-world example of an abstract idea. 'Geef me een specifiek voorbeeld' is good, but 'Laten we het concreet maken' is a very common idiomatic way to say 'Let's get down to brass tacks.'

Let op: Gebruik specifiek voor details en speciaal voor iets dat bijzonder is.

To truly master Dutch, you need to know when to use specifiek and when to reach for a synonym to add variety or precision to your speech. The Dutch language has several words that overlap with specifiek, each with its own flavor. Precies (precise/exact) is perhaps the closest, but it leans more towards accuracy in numbers or timing. Bepaald (certain/particular) is another common alternative, often used when you have a specific thing in mind but don't want to name it yet, like 'een bepaald gevoel' (a certain feeling). Nauwkeurig (accurate/meticulous) is used when the focus is on the care and detail put into an action. If you are doing a specifieke task, you should do it nauwkeurig.

Concreet
Used when moving from theory to reality. 'Heb je een concreet plan?'
Gedetailleerd
Focused on the quantity of details. 'Een gedetailleerd verslag' (A detailed report).
Uitdrukkelijk
Means 'explicitly' or 'expressly.' Often used for warnings or rules. 'Hij heeft dat uitdrukkelijk verboden.'

In plaats van specifiek kun je ook nauwgezet gebruiken als het om precisie gaat.

Another interesting alternative is typerend (typical/characteristic). While specifiek identifies something, typerend explains why it belongs to a certain category. 'Dat is specifiek voor deze regio' means it is found only there. 'Dat is typerend voor deze regio' means it is what you would expect to find there. In formal writing, you might see bijzonder used as a synonym for 'specific' in the sense of 'particular,' but be careful, as its primary meaning is 'special' or 'extraordinary.' For example, 'in het bijzonder' translates to 'in particular.' Lastly, afzonderlijk (separate/individual) is used when you want to emphasize that items should be treated specifically and one by one. 'Elk specifiek onderdeel' vs 'Elk afzonderlijk onderdeel.' By rotating these words, you avoid repetition and sound more like a native speaker who can navigate the subtle gradients of meaning in the Dutch language.

De architect gaf gedetailleerde instructies voor de bouw van de specifieke constructie.

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按水平分级的例句

1

Ik zoek een specifiek boek.

I am looking for a specific book.

'Boek' is a het-woord, so 'specifiek' remains uninflected after 'een'.

2

Is er een specifiek probleem?

Is there a specific problem?

A simple question using 'een specifiek' + het-woord.

3

Ik wil specifiek deze appel.

I specifically want this apple.

Here 'specifiek' acts as an adverb modifying the desire for 'deze appel'.

4

Heb je een specifiek plan?

Do you have a specific plan?

'Plan' is a het-woord, so no '-e' after 'een'.

5

Het is een specifiek nummer.

It is a specific number.

'Nummer' is a het-woord.

6

Ik heb geen specifiek antwoord.

I don't have a specific answer.

Negative 'geen' follows the same rule as 'een'.

7

Zoek je iets specifiek?

Are you looking for something specific?

Used as a post-modifier for 'iets'.

8

Dit is specifiek voor jou.

This is specifically for you.

Adverbial use meaning 'only for you'.

1

Kunt u een specifiek voorbeeld geven?

Can you give a specific example?

'Voorbeeld' is a het-woord.

2

Ik heb een specifieke vraag over de les.

I have a specific question about the lesson.

'Vraag' is a de-woord, so we add an '-e'.

3

Zijn er specifieke regels in dit park?

Are there specific rules in this park?

Plural nouns always get the '-e' ending.

4

Ik zoek een specifieke kleur blauw.

I am looking for a specific color of blue.

'Kleur' is a de-woord.

5

Hij heeft een specifieke hobby.

He has a specific hobby.

'Hobby' is a de-woord.

6

We gaan naar een specifieke winkel.

We are going to a specific store.

'Winkel' is a de-woord.

7

Ik bedoel niet specifiek dit model.

I don't specifically mean this model.

Adverbial use with 'niet'.

8

Er is een specifieke reden voor zijn komst.

There is a specific reason for his arrival.

'Reden' is a de-woord.

1

We moeten de specifieke details nog bespreken.

We still need to discuss the specific details.

Plural 'details' with definite article 'de'.

2

Deze cursus is specifiek gericht op beginners.

This course is specifically aimed at beginners.

Adverbial use with 'gericht op'.

3

Kun je iets specifieker zijn in je uitleg?

Can you be a bit more specific in your explanation?

Comparative form 'specifieker'.

4

Ik heb geen specifieke voorkeur voor een restaurant.

I have no specific preference for a restaurant.

'Voorkeur' is a de-woord.

5

Het rapport noemt geen specifieke namen.

The report mentions no specific names.

Plural 'namen'.

6

Dit medicijn werkt voor een specifiek type allergie.

This medicine works for a specific type of allergy.

'Type' is a het-woord.

7

Hij kon geen specifieke datum noemen.

He couldn't name a specific date.

'Datum' is a de-woord.

8

De politie zocht naar een specifiek kenmerk.

The police were looking for a specific characteristic.

'Kenmerk' is a het-woord.

1

De specifieke omstandigheden van het ongeval zijn onduidelijk.

The specific circumstances of the accident are unclear.

Plural 'omstandigheden'.

2

Deze wetgeving is specifiek van toepassing op kleine bedrijven.

This legislation is specifically applicable to small businesses.

Adverbial phrase 'van toepassing op'.

3

Hij heeft een specifieke expertise op het gebied van AI.

He has a specific expertise in the field of AI.

'Expertise' is a de-woord.

4

We moeten ons richten op de specifieke behoeften van de klant.

We must focus on the specific needs of the customer.

Plural 'behoeften'.

5

Er is een specifiek protocol voor dergelijke situaties.

There is a specific protocol for such situations.

'Protocol' is a het-woord.

6

De onderzoekers keken naar de specifieke effecten van de stof.

The researchers looked at the specific effects of the substance.

Plural 'effecten'.

7

Zijn er nog specifieke wensen voor de inrichting?

Are there any specific wishes for the interior design?

Plural 'wensen'.

8

De auteur beschrijft een specifiek historisch tijdperk.

The author describes a specific historical era.

'Tijdperk' is a het-woord.

1

De specifieke modaliteiten van de overeenkomst moeten nog worden uitgewerkt.

The specific modalities of the agreement have yet to be finalized.

Formal term 'modaliteiten'.

2

Zij bekritiseerde de specifieke focus op kortetermijnwinst.

She criticized the specific focus on short-term profit.

'Focus' is a de-woord.

3

Het fenomeen is niet specifiek voor deze populatie.

The phenomenon is not specific to this population.

Adverbial use with 'voor'.

4

De minister gaf geen specifiek antwoord op de kamervragen.

The minister gave no specific answer to the parliamentary questions.

Used in a political context.

5

Er is een specifieke wisselwerking tussen deze twee variabelen.

There is a specific interaction between these two variables.

'Wisselwerking' is a de-woord.

6

De subsidie is bedoeld voor een specifiek segment van de markt.

The subsidy is intended for a specific segment of the market.

'Segment' is a het-woord.

7

De training richt zich op de specifieke vaardigheden van leiderschap.

The training focuses on the specific skills of leadership.

Plural 'vaardigheden'.

8

Dit essay behandelt de specifieke problematiek van verstedelijking.

This essay addresses the specific problems of urbanization.

'Problematiek' is a de-woord.

1

De specifieke eigenheid van zijn oeuvre is moeilijk te categoriseren.

The specific uniqueness of his body of work is difficult to categorize.

High-level literary Dutch.

2

Men moet rekening houden met de specifieke zwaartekracht van de vloeistof.

One must take into account the specific gravity of the liquid.

Scientific term 'specifieke zwaartekracht'.

3

De specifieke differentiatie van cellen vindt plaats in dit stadium.

The specific differentiation of cells occurs at this stage.

Biological context.

4

Het arrest bevatte een zeer specifieke interpretatie van de grondwet.

The ruling contained a very specific interpretation of the constitution.

Legal context.

5

De specifieke configuratie van het netwerk zorgt voor optimale snelheid.

The specific configuration of the network ensures optimal speed.

IT/Engineering context.

6

Zijn argumentatie stoelt op een specifieke ontologische aanname.

His argumentation is based on a specific ontological assumption.

Academic philosophical context.

7

De specifieke immuniteit wordt opgebouwd na een infectie.

Specific immunity is built up after an infection.

Medical/Biological context.

8

Er is een specifieke correlatie tussen deze twee historische gebeurtenissen.

There is a specific correlation between these two historical events.

Analytical historical context.

常见搭配

specifiek geval
specifiek doel
specifieke kenmerken
specifieke informatie
specifieke eisen
specifiek moment
specifieke behoeften
specifieke antwoorden
specifieke vaardigheden
specifiek onderdeel

常用短语

niet specifiek

— Not particularly or not specifically. Used to soften a statement.

Ik ben niet specifiek op zoek naar een nieuwe baan.

iets specifieker

— A bit more specific. Used when asking for more detail.

Kun je iets specifieker zijn?

specifiek voor

— Unique to or intended only for.

Dit probleem is specifiek voor deze regio.

zonder specifieke reden

— Without a particular reason.

Hij lachte zonder specifieke reden.

specifiek gericht op

— Specifically aimed or focused at.

De campagne is specifiek gericht op jongeren.

zeer specifiek
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