C2 Formal Register 9 min read Hard

Portuguese Mesoclisis: Pronouns Inside the Verb (dar-te-ei)

Mesóclise splits Future and Conditional verbs in half to insert a pronoun, used exclusively in highly formal writing or speeches.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Mesoclisis is the formal process of inserting an object pronoun into the middle of a verb conjugated in the future tense.

  • Only use with the Future of the Present (Futuro do Presente) or Conditional (Condicional).
  • The verb must NOT be preceded by words that trigger proclisis (like 'não', 'que', or 'quem').
  • If the verb ends in 'r', 's', or 'z', these are dropped before adding the pronoun.
Verb-root + Pronoun + Verb-ending = Mesoclisis

Overview

Mesoclisis (mesóclise) is a distinctive feature of Portuguese grammar that involves placing a clitic object pronoun inside a verb form. This specific construction is strictly limited to verbs conjugated in the Future Indicative (futuro do presente) and the Conditional (futuro do pretérito) tenses. It represents a highly formal and archaic register of the language, rarely encountered in contemporary spoken Portuguese but preserved in normative grammar, particularly in academic, legal, and literary contexts.

Its existence is rooted in traditional Portuguese phonetics, which historically disfavored starting a sentence or a clause with an unstressed pronoun. When a sentence begins with a verb in the Future or Conditional, neither proclisis (pronoun before the verb) nor enclisis (pronoun after the verb) was considered grammatically acceptable in formal written language; mesoclisis emerged as the prescribed solution to this syntactic constraint.

At the C2 level, understanding mesoclisis is crucial for interpreting classical literature, official documents, and highly formal discourse. While active production in daily speech is almost nonexistent, recognizing and correctly applying it in advanced writing tasks signals a mastery of the language's most sophisticated syntactic structures. This structure dissects the infinitive stem from its tense-specific ending, inserting the pronoun with hyphens on either side, effectively creating a single, compound verb form like dar-te-ei (I will give you).

How This Grammar Works

Mesoclisis operates by structurally disjoining the two components of Future Indicative and Conditional verb forms: the infinitive stem and the tense-specific ending. For instance, the future form comprarei (I will buy) is conceptually derived from comprar (to buy) + -ei (first-person singular future ending). When mesoclisis is applied, the clitic object pronoun is inserted precisely between comprar and -ei, resulting in comprar-te-ei (I will buy you).
This insertion is not arbitrary; it adheres to a precise set of phonetic and orthographic rules to maintain the integrity of the verb's original sound and stress pattern.
Crucially, only the following clitic object pronouns can be inserted: me, te, se, o, a, lhe, nos, vos, os, as, lhes. The choice of pronoun depends on the grammatical function (direct or indirect object) and person/number it represents. For example, falar (to speak) + lhe (to him/her/it) + -ei (future ending) becomes falar-lhe-ei (I will speak to him/her/it).
Notice that the original infinitive falar remains largely unchanged when me, te, se, lhe, nos, vos, lhes are inserted. No phonetic adjustments are required for these pronouns, making their integration relatively straightforward.
However, when the direct object pronouns o, a, os, as are used, and the infinitive verb stem ends in -r, -s, or -z, specific phonetic and orthographic transformations occur. The final consonant of the infinitive (-r, -s, or -z) is dropped, and the pronoun o/a/os/as gains an initial l, becoming lo/la/los/las. This change is purely for euphony, making the pronunciation smoother.
For example, comprar + o + -ei becomes comprá-lo-ei. The accent mark (á) on the a of compra is vital; it ensures the stress falls on the correct syllable, replicating the stress of the original infinitive comprar. Without it, the pronunciation would shift, altering the verb's identity.
Similarly, fazer (to do/make) + o + -ei does not become fazê-lo-ei. Instead, it transforms into fá-lo-ei, because fazer is an irregular verb whose future stem is far- (e.g., farei). The r drops, o becomes lo, and fa takes an accent to become fá, maintaining the original stress from fazer's irregular future form (farei).
This interplay of infinitive stem, pronoun type, and tense ending forms the core of mesoclisis mechanics.

Formation Pattern

1
Mastering mesoclisis requires a systematic approach, as it involves several sequential steps and considerations for both regular and irregular verbs. The fundamental principle is to isolate the infinitive and the personal ending, insert the pronoun, and then apply necessary orthographic adjustments.
2
Step-by-Step Formation for Regular Verbs:
3
Identify the Base Verb: Start with the infinitive form of the verb (e.g., cantar, comer, partir).
4
Determine Tense and Person: Conjugate the verb mentally into the desired Future Indicative or Conditional tense for a specific person. For example, cantarei (Future Indicative, 1st pers. sing.) or comeria (Conditional, 3rd pers. sing.).
5
Separate the Infinitive and Ending: Conceptually split the conjugated form into the infinitive and its ending. For cantarei, this is cantar + -ei. For comeria, it's comer + -ia.
6
Choose the Clitic Pronoun: Select the appropriate clitic object pronoun (me, te, se, o, a, lhe, nos, vos, os, as, lhes).
7
Apply Phonetic/Orthographic Rules (if o/a/os/as):
8
If the infinitive ends in -r, -s, or -z (e.g., comprar, fazes, diz) AND the pronoun is o, a, os, or as:
9
Drop the final -r, -s, or -z from the infinitive.
10
Add l to the beginning of the pronoun (e.g., o becomes lo, a becomes la).
11
Add an acute accent to the vowel of the preceding syllable of the infinitive, if necessary, to preserve the original stress. (e.g., comprar becomes comprá-, fazer becomes fá- (from irregular far-)).
12
If the infinitive ends in a vowel (e.g., canta-) or another consonant AND the pronoun is o, a, os, as, no l is added, and the pronoun remains unchanged. (e.g., louvá-lo-ei, from louvar)
13
Insert and Hyphenate: Place the pronoun between the modified infinitive stem and the tense ending, connecting all parts with hyphens. (e.g., cantar-te-ei, comê-la-ia, partir-nos-emos).
14
Example Table: Regular Verbs with Mesoclisis
15
| Infinitive | Pronoun | Tense (Person) | Mesoclisis Form | Translation |
16
| :--------- | :------ | :-------------------------- | :-------------------- | :---------------------------- |
17
| cantar | te | Future Indicative (eu) | cantar-te-ei | I will sing to you |
18
| comer | a | Conditional (ele/ela) | comê-la-ia | He/She would eat it (fem.) |
19
| partir | nos | Future Indicative (nós) | partir-nos-emos | We will leave us/each other |
20
| vender | os | Future Indicative (eles/elas)| vendê-los-ão | They will sell them (masc.) |
21
| dizer | lhe | Conditional (eu) | dizer-lhe-ia | I would tell him/her |
22
Irregular Verbs (fazer, dizer, trazer):
23
These verbs have irregular stems in the Future and Conditional tenses (farei, direi, trarei). For mesoclisis, you use the truncated irregular stem before the pronoun.
24
| Infinitive | Irregular Future Stem | Pronoun | Tense Ending | Mesoclisis Form | Translation |
25
| :--------- | :-------------------- | :------ | :----------- | :-------------- | :------------------------- |
26
| fazer | far- | o | -ei | fá-lo-ei | I will do/make it |
27
| dizer | dir- | lhe | -ia | dir-lhe-ia | I would tell him/her |
28
| trazer | trar- | os | -ão | trá-los-ão | They will bring them (masc.)|
29
Multiple Pronouns (Contraction):
30
It is possible to use two clitic pronouns with mesoclisis, typically an indirect object pronoun followed by a direct object pronoun. In such cases, lhe + o/a/os/as contracts to lho/lha/lhos/lhas.
31
Eu dar-lhe-ei o livro. -> Eu dar-lho-ei. (I will give him/her the book -> I will give it to him/her)
32
Eles dir-me-ão a verdade. -> Eles di-la-ão. (They will tell me the truth -> They will tell it to me – note irregular dizer and a becoming la)
33
This advanced form, such as dar-lho-ei, exemplifies the pinnacle of mesoclisis complexity and formal expression.

When To Use It

Mesoclisis is a hallmark of the formal register in Portuguese, signifying an elevated, often solemn, and highly deliberate style of communication. You will encounter mesoclisis predominantly in written contexts that demand strict adherence to normative grammar and a respectful distance between communicator and audience. Its usage signals an intention to conform to traditional linguistic standards, rather than reflecting everyday speech patterns.
Specific contexts where mesoclisis is still considered appropriate and often expected include:
  • Academic Writing: In master's theses, doctoral dissertations, scholarly articles, and formal essays, particularly in the humanities or law. For example, a conclusion might state: Analisar-se-á, pois, a hipótese de que… (The hypothesis that… will, therefore, be analyzed).
  • Legal Documents: Contracts, laws, judicial rulings, and official decrees frequently employ mesoclisis to ensure precision and formality. Declarar-se-á nulo o contrato. (The contract will be declared null and void).
  • Official Correspondence: High-level government communications, diplomatic notes, or formal business letters (though less common in modern business correspondence). Comunicar-vos-ei a decisão oportunamente. (I will communicate the decision to you in due course).
  • Classical Literature and Poetry: Works from earlier centuries, or contemporary literature aiming for an archaic or poetic effect, will regularly feature mesoclisis. Ver-se-ão os amantes ao luar. (The lovers will see each other by moonlight).
  • Formal Speeches and Oratory: While rare in impromptu speech, prepared formal speeches, eulogies, or political addresses might include mesoclisis for rhetorical impact and solemnity. Honrar-se-á a memória dos que nos precederam. (The memory of those who preceded us will be honored).
  • C2 Proficiency Exams (CELPE-Bras, CAPLE): Demonstrating the ability to correctly employ mesoclisis in formal writing tasks can significantly boost your score, as it explicitly tests mastery of advanced syntactic structures and formal register. However, incorrect usage, or using it inappropriately, can have the opposite effect.
In contemporary Brazilian Portuguese, even in formal spoken contexts, mesoclisis is almost entirely absent. Speakers will opt for proclisis (lhe direi) or rephrase the sentence (irei dizer-lhe). In European Portuguese, its written presence in formal journalism and literature is somewhat more sustained than in Brazil, but still reserved for the highest registers.
You would never use mesoclisis in casual conversation, text messages, or informal emails, as it would sound pedantic, anachronistic, or even sarcastic.

Common Mistakes

Navigating mesoclisis correctly requires vigilance, as several pitfalls can lead to grammatical errors or inappropriate register. Learners often make mistakes by misapplying the rule, misunderstanding its constraints, or failing to recognize exceptions.
  1. 1Ignoring "Magnet Words" (Palavras Atrativas): This is arguably the most frequent and significant error. In Portuguese, certain words attract clitic pronouns, pulling them before the verb (proclisis), even in formal contexts. These

Mesoclisis with 'Dar' (to give) + 'te' (you)

Person Future (Mesoclisis) Conditional (Mesoclisis)
Eu
Dar-te-ei
Dar-te-ia
Tu
Dar-te-ás
Dar-te-ias
Ele/Ela
Dar-te-á
Dar-te-ia
Nós
Dar-te-emos
Dar-te-íamos
Vós
Dar-te-eis
Dar-te-íeis
Eles/Elas
Dar-te-ão
Dar-te-iam

Meanings

The placement of an object pronoun between the root of a verb and its inflectional ending, specifically in the Future of the Present and Conditional tenses.

1

Future Tense Formal

Used in high-register literary or legal Portuguese.

“Amar-te-ei para sempre.”

“Convidar-nos-ão para a festa.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Portuguese Mesoclisis: Pronouns Inside the Verb (dar-te-ei)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Verb-root + Pronoun + Ending
Dar-te-ei
Conditional
Verb-root + Pronoun + Ending
Dar-te-ia
Negative
Proclisis (No Mesoclisis)
Não te darei
Interrogative
Proclisis (No Mesoclisis)
Te darei o livro?
Relative Clause
Proclisis (No Mesoclisis)
O livro que te darei
Adverbial
Proclisis (No Mesoclisis)
Logo te darei

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Dir-lhe-ei a verdade.

Dir-lhe-ei a verdade. (Formal vs Informal)

Neutral
Eu lhe direi a verdade.

Eu lhe direi a verdade. (Formal vs Informal)

Informal
Vou te contar a verdade.

Vou te contar a verdade. (Formal vs Informal)

Slang
Vou te falar a real.

Vou te falar a real. (Formal vs Informal)

Mesoclisis Decision Tree

Mesoclisis?

Conditions

  • Futuro/Condicional Tense
  • Início de frase Start of sentence

Blocks

  • Não Negative
  • Que Relative
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Examples by Level

1

Eu te amo.

I love you.

2

Vou te dar um presente.

I will give you a gift.

3

Me ajuda?

Help me?

4

Te vejo amanhã.

See you tomorrow.

1

Eu te darei o livro.

I will give you the book.

2

Não te darei o livro.

I will not give you the book.

3

Quando te vir, falarei.

When I see you, I will speak.

4

Ele te dirá a verdade.

He will tell you the truth.

1

Dar-te-ei o livro.

I shall give you the book.

2

Convidar-nos-ão para a festa.

They will invite us to the party.

3

Fazer-lo-ia se pudesse.

I would do it if I could.

4

Dir-lhe-ei tudo.

I will tell him everything.

1

Realizar-se-á a cerimônia.

The ceremony will take place.

2

Agradecer-lhe-ia imenso.

I would be very grateful to you.

3

Esclarecer-nos-ão as dúvidas.

They will clarify our doubts.

4

Contar-te-ia a história.

I would tell you the story.

1

Propor-lhe-ei uma solução.

I will propose a solution to him.

2

Saber-se-á a verdade.

The truth will be known.

3

Trazer-nos-iam problemas.

They would bring us problems.

4

Ver-te-ei no tribunal.

I will see you in court.

1

Dar-se-á conta do erro.

He will realize the error.

2

Citar-te-ei os clássicos.

I will quote the classics to you.

3

Fazer-se-ia necessário.

It would become necessary.

4

Dizer-te-ia a verdade se pudesse.

I would tell you the truth if I could.

Easily Confused

Portuguese Mesoclisis: Pronouns Inside the Verb (dar-te-ei) vs Proclisis

Learners think mesoclisis is just a fancy way to say things, but it's actually restricted by proclisis rules.

Portuguese Mesoclisis: Pronouns Inside the Verb (dar-te-ei) vs Enclisis

Learners confuse the position of the pronoun.

Portuguese Mesoclisis: Pronouns Inside the Verb (dar-te-ei) vs Future Tense

Learners try to use mesoclisis with all tenses.

Common Mistakes

✗

Dar-te-ei

✓

Vou te dar

Too advanced for A1.
✗

Eu-te-amo

✓

Eu te amo

Mesoclisis only for future/conditional.
✗

Dar-te-ei (in negative)

✓

Não te darei

Negative blocks mesoclisis.
✗

Falar-te-ei (in question)

✓

Te falarei?

Questions block mesoclisis.
✗

Não dar-te-ei

✓

Não te darei

Negative triggers proclisis.
✗

Que dar-te-ei

✓

Que te darei

Relative pronouns block mesoclisis.
✗

Fazer-te-arei

✓

Far-te-ei

Must drop the 'r' and 'z'.
✗

Dizer-te-ia

✓

Dir-te-ia

Must drop 'z'.
✗

Trazer-te-ia

✓

Trar-te-ia

Must drop 'z'.
✗

Dar-te-ia (after 'quando')

✓

Quando te der

Subjunctive/proclisis needed.
✗

Saber-se-á (in negative)

✓

Não se saberá

Negative blocks mesoclisis.
✗

Trazer-nos-iam (after 'que')

✓

Que nos trariam

Relative blocks mesoclisis.
✗

Fazer-lo-ia

✓

Fá-lo-ia

Accentuation rules apply.

Sentence Patterns

___-te-ei o resultado.

___-nos-iam a verdade.

___-se-á a reunião.

___-lhe-ia o segredo.

Real World Usage

Legal Document constant

Considerar-se-á o prazo legal.

Literary Novel common

Dir-lhe-ei o que vi.

Political Speech occasional

Convidar-vos-ei a refletir.

Academic Essay common

Analisar-se-á o fenômeno.

Formal Correspondence occasional

Agradecer-lhe-ei a atenção.

Historical Drama common

Amar-te-ei sempre.

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💡

Check for Proclisis

Always scan for 'não', 'que', 'quem' before using mesoclisis. If they exist, don't use it.
⚠️

Don't Overuse

Using mesoclisis in casual conversation will make you sound unnatural or pretentious.
🎯

Focus on Literature

If you want to master this, read 19th-century Portuguese literature.
💬

Regional Differences

It is much more common in European Portuguese formal writing than in Brazilian.

Smart Tips

Use mesoclisis to elevate your register.

Eu te darei a resposta. → Dar-te-ei a resposta.

Stop! Mesoclisis is forbidden.

Não dar-te-ei. → Não te darei.

Remember to drop the 'z' and 'r'.

Dizer-te-ei. → Dir-te-ei.

Use standard proclisis.

Dar-te-ei (in a casual email). → Te darei (in a casual email).

Pronunciation

dar-TE-ei

Stress

The stress remains on the final syllable of the verb root before the pronoun.

Formal Statement

Dar-te-ei o livro ↘

Falling intonation for a declarative sentence.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'sandwich': The verb is the bread, the pronoun is the meat in the middle.

Visual Association

Imagine a formal butler slicing a loaf of bread (the verb) to insert a small note (the pronoun) before serving it.

Rhyme

In the future or conditional, place the pronoun in the middle, but only if the sentence is simple and not brittle.

Story

A nobleman stands at a podium. He says 'Dar-te-ei' to his audience. He is very formal. He never uses 'não' before the verb, or the sandwich would fall apart.

Word Web

Dar-te-eiFazer-lo-iaDizer-lhe-eiVer-te-eiConvidar-nos-ãoSaber-se-á

Challenge

Write three sentences using mesoclisis for 'fazer', 'trazer', and 'dar' in the conditional tense.

Cultural Notes

Mesoclisis is still taught and occasionally used in formal writing, though it remains rare in speech.

It is viewed as highly literary or archaic. Using it in conversation will make you sound like a character from a 19th-century novel.

It is used in legal documents to maintain a high register and avoid ambiguity.

Mesoclisis originated from the synthesis of the infinitive + the auxiliary verb 'haver' (e.g., 'dar' + 'hei' = 'darei').

Conversation Starters

“

Como você diria 'I will tell you' de forma muito formal?

“

Qual a diferença entre 'te darei' e 'dar-te-ei'?

“

Você já leu algum livro que usa mesóclise?

“

Por que 'não te darei' não pode ser 'não dar-te-ei'?

Journal Prompts

Escreva um parágrafo formal sobre um compromisso futuro usando mesóclise.
Compare o uso da mesóclise em Portugal e no Brasil.
Imagine que você é um juiz. Escreva uma sentença usando mesóclise.
Reescreva três frases informais em um estilo literário formal.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct mesoclisis form.

Eu ___ (dar + te + ei) o livro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dar-te-ei
Correct mesoclisis formation.
Identify the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Não dar-te-ei o livro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dar-te-ei
Negative 'não' blocks mesoclisis.
Which is correct? Multiple Choice

Choose the formal sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dir-lhe-ei a verdade.
Correct stem change and mesoclisis.
Transform into mesoclisis. Sentence Transformation

Eu te direi a verdade.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dir-te-ei a verdade.
Correct stem change.
Is this true? True False Rule

Mesoclisis can be used with the present tense.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only future and conditional.
Complete the formal dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 'Quando saberemos a resposta?' B: '___ (Saber + se + á) amanhã.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saber-se-á
Correct mesoclisis.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Order: (o, dar-te-ei, livro)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dar-te-ei o livro.
Correct word order.
Conjugate 'fazer' + 'te' in conditional. Conjugation Drill

Eu ___ (fazer + te + ia)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Far-te-ia
Correct stem change.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct mesoclisis form.

Eu ___ (dar + te + ei) o livro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dar-te-ei
Correct mesoclisis formation.
Identify the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Não dar-te-ei o livro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dar-te-ei
Negative 'não' blocks mesoclisis.
Which is correct? Multiple Choice

Choose the formal sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dir-lhe-ei a verdade.
Correct stem change and mesoclisis.
Transform into mesoclisis. Sentence Transformation

Eu te direi a verdade.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dir-te-ei a verdade.
Correct stem change.
Is this true? True False Rule

Mesoclisis can be used with the present tense.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only future and conditional.
Complete the formal dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 'Quando saberemos a resposta?' B: '___ (Saber + se + á) amanhã.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saber-se-á
Correct mesoclisis.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Order: (o, dar-te-ei, livro)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dar-te-ei o livro.
Correct word order.
Conjugate 'fazer' + 'te' in conditional. Conjugation Drill

Eu ___ (fazer + te + ia)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Far-te-ia
Correct stem change.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct mesoclisis. Fill in the Blank

Se fosse possível, eu ___ a verdade. (dizer + a + ia)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: di-la-ia
Fix the placement and spelling. Error Correction

Fazer-o-ei assim que chegar ao escritório.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Fá-lo-ei assim que chegar ao escritório.
Reorder the parts to form a correct mesoclisis. Sentence Reorder

Form the word: 'We will buy them'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Comprá-los-emos
Translate using mesoclisis. Translation

I would help you. (ajudar + te + ia)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ajudar-te-ia
Select the correct form taking accent rules into account. Multiple Choice

How do you say 'We will sell it' (vender + o + emos)?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vendê-lo-emos
Choose the form that correctly respects magnet words. Fill in the Blank

Jamais ___ nessa situação complicada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: te colocarei
Identify the correct formal statement. Multiple Choice

Which of these is appropriate for a presidential speech?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O país defender-se-á de qualquer ataque.
Correct the invalid enclisis. Error Correction

Procurarão-te amanhã de manhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Procurar-te-ão amanhã de manhã.
Translate the highly formal corporate phrase. Translation

They will send him the contract.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Enviar-lhe-ão o contrato.
Complete the conditional passive construction. Fill in the Blank

Acreditava-se que o problema ___ com o tempo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: resolver-se-ia

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

Yes, but it is considered extremely formal or literary. It is not used in speech.

It is a phonological rule to allow the pronoun and ending to attach properly.

You must use proclisis. 'Não te darei' is the only correct form.

No, it works for any verb in the future/conditional, provided the stem allows it.

From Greek 'meso' (middle) and 'clisis' (inclination/leaning).

It is more common than in Brazil, but still restricted to formal writing.

Yes, 'Dar-te-emos'.

Yes, because it requires knowing when it is forbidden.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

Te daré

Spanish never inserts pronouns into the verb.

French low

Je te donnerai

French structure is strictly proclitic.

German none

Ich werde dir geben

German is not a synthetic language in this way.

Japanese none

Anata ni agemasu

Japanese is agglutinative but not in this way.

Arabic partial

Sa-u'tika

Arabic suffixes are at the end, not the middle.

Chinese none

Wo hui gei ni

Chinese has no verb morphology.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Classical Past: The Simple Pluperfect (fizera, falara)
Next
Portuguese Wishes and Regrets: Independent Subjunctive (Subjuntivo Independente)

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