This page in your language
فارسی العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português 中文 हिन्दी
A2 verb #5,000 most common 10 min read

espalhar

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips espalhar in 30 Seconds
Explanation espalhar in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. The concept of 'espalhar' at this stage would be limited to very concrete actions, like spreading something edible on food. For example, 'Eu espalho manteiga no pão' (I spread butter on the bread). The focus is on simple, tangible actions. Sentences would be short and direct, often using the present tense. The idea of spreading abstract things like news or emotions is far beyond the scope of A1. Learners at this level are primarily concerned with survival phrases and immediate surroundings. Understanding 'espalhar' in these limited contexts helps build a foundation for more complex usage later. The visual aspect of spreading something on a surface is key for comprehension at this level. Simple commands or statements are typical.
Sign up free to read full explanation
For A2 learners, 'espalhar' starts to encompass a slightly broader range of meanings, still heavily leaning towards the concrete. They can understand and use it for spreading food items on bread or surfaces ('espalho geleia na torrada' - I spread jam on the toast), scattering small objects ('espalho migalhas para os pássaros' - I spread crumbs for the birds), or even gardening contexts ('espalho sementes no jardim' - I spread seeds in the garden). They might also begin to encounter its use for simple, observable phenomena like smells ('O cheiro se espalhou' - The smell spread). The focus remains on direct actions and observable results. The reflexive form 'espalhar-se' might be introduced for natural diffusion like smells. Sentences are still relatively simple, but might include past tenses to describe completed actions. Abstract uses are generally avoided or simplified.
At the B1 level, learners can confidently use espalhar in both concrete and more abstract contexts. They understand its use for spreading food ('espalhei a manteiga'), scattering objects ('espalharam confetes'), and gardening ('espalhar adubo'). Crucially, they can now grasp and use espalhar to talk about the dissemination of information, news, and rumors ('A notícia se espalhou rapidamente'). They are also comfortable with its use for spreading abstract qualities or emotions ('Sua alegria se espalhou'). The reflexive form espalhar-se is well-understood for natural diffusion of things like scents, sounds, or news. Learners at this stage can form more complex sentences, using various tenses and moods to describe the process and extent of spreading. They can also begin to differentiate espalhar from similar verbs like distribuir.
Sign up free to read full explanation
B2 learners have a solid command of espalhar and its various applications. They can use it fluently in both literal and figurative senses, understanding its nuances in contexts ranging from everyday cooking to discussions about social phenomena. They are adept at using espalhar to describe the widespread circulation of ideas, opinions, and even cultural trends. They can employ complex sentence structures and a wider range of tenses and moods to express the speed, extent, and manner of spreading. For instance, they might discuss how a political message se espalhou across different media platforms. They can also effectively use synonyms and antonyms, understanding when espalhar is the most appropriate choice compared to words like divulgar or restringir. Their understanding of the reflexive form espalhar-se is sophisticated, allowing them to describe subtle processes of diffusion.
Sign up free to read full explanation
C1 learners possess a sophisticated understanding of espalhar, using it with precision and stylistic flair. They can employ the verb in nuanced literary or formal contexts, understanding its connotations beyond the literal meaning. For instance, they might use espalhar to describe the subtle influence of an ideology or the pervasive nature of a particular artistic style. They are comfortable with idiomatic expressions involving espalhar and can distinguish its usage from highly specific synonyms in complex sentence constructions. Their command extends to understanding the etymological roots and how they inform modern usage. They can analyze texts where espalhar is used metaphorically and interpret its full impact. Their control over grammatical structures, including complex conditional and subjunctive clauses, allows for highly articulate expressions involving the verb.
Sign up free to read full explanation
At the C2 level, espalhar is fully internalized. Learners use it with native-like fluency and accuracy, effortlessly navigating its literal and figurative meanings. They can employ it in highly specialized or academic discourse, understanding its precise semantic range within different fields. They can deconstruct the rhetorical effect of using espalhar in literature or persuasive writing. Their understanding extends to archaic or less common uses, and they can accurately paraphrase or explain its meaning in various contexts. They are masters of idiomatic usage and can identify subtle differences between espalhar and its closest synonyms, choosing the word that best fits the register and intended meaning. Their control is absolute, allowing for creative and impactful use of the verb in any situation.
Sign up free to read full explanation
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

espalhar in 30 Seconds

  • Verb meaning to spread, scatter, or disseminate.
  • Used for physical actions (food, seeds) and abstract concepts (news, feelings).
  • Commonly used with prepositions like 'em' (on/in) and 'por' (through/across).
  • Reflexive form 'espalhar-se' indicates natural diffusion.
The Portuguese verb espalhar is a versatile word that primarily means to spread or distribute something over a surface. Think about the physical act of spreading butter on toast, or scattering seeds in a garden. But its meaning extends beyond the purely physical. It can also refer to the dissemination of information, ideas, or even emotions. For instance, news can espalhar quickly through a community, or a feeling of joy can espalhar among a group of people. The core idea is the act of making something wider, more distributed, or more prevalent.
Literal Meaning
To scatter, to lay out, to disseminate.
Figurative Meaning
To propagate, to circulate, to diffuse.
In everyday conversations, you'll hear espalhar used in many contexts. When preparing food, someone might say they are going to espalhar a manteiga no pão (spread the butter on the bread). In a gardening context, a farmer might espalhar adubo na terra (spread fertilizer on the soil). More abstractly, if a rumor starts, people might say a notícia se espalhou rapidamente (the news spread quickly). This verb is fundamental for describing actions involving distribution and diffusion, both tangible and intangible. It's a word that bridges the physical world with the world of information and feelings.

Ele gosta de espalhar migalhas para os pássaros no parque.

He likes to spread crumbs for the birds in the park.

A alegria parecia espalhar-se por toda a sala.

The joy seemed to spread throughout the entire room.
Core Concept
The fundamental action of distributing or disseminating something, making it cover a larger area or reach more people/places.

É importante espalhar sementes de gentileza.

It is important to spread seeds of kindness.
Mastering espalhar involves understanding its grammatical behavior and the common contexts in which it appears. As a verb, it conjugates like most regular -ar verbs in Portuguese. You'll see it used with direct objects (what is being spread) and often with prepositional phrases indicating where or how the spreading occurs. For example, when spreading something physically, you might use 'em' or 'sobre' (on/over): Espalhei a farinha na bancada (I spread the flour on the counter). When spreading abstract things like news or ideas, 'por' (through/across) or 'em' (in) are common: A notícia se espalhou pelo país (The news spread through the country). The reflexive form, espalhar-se, is particularly useful for describing natural diffusion, like scents or rumors. For instance, o cheiro de café se espalhou pela casa (the smell of coffee spread through the house). Pay attention to the subject of the sentence, as it determines the verb conjugation. A single person spreading something will use the first person singular 'eu espalho', while multiple people might say 'nós espalhamos'. The tense also plays a crucial role; espalhei (I spread - past simple), espalhava (I used to spread/was spreading - imperfect past), and espalharei (I will spread - future simple) all convey different temporal aspects of the action. Understanding these nuances will help you use espalhar accurately and effectively in various situations, from describing culinary preparations to discussing the flow of information.

Por favor, espalhe a manteiga uniformemente no pão.

Please, spread the butter evenly on the bread.
Verb Conjugation
Espalhar is a regular -ar verb. Present tense: eu espalho, tu espalhas, ele/ela/você espalha, nós espalhamos, vós espalhais, eles/elas/vocês espalham. Past simple: espalhei, espalhaste, espalhou, espalhamos, espalhardes, espalharam.

A fumaça do incêndio começou a espalhar-se pela cidade.

The smoke from the fire began to spread through the city.

Nós vamos espalhar confetes na festa.

We are going to spread confetti at the party.
Prepositional Usage
Common prepositions include 'em' (on/in) for surfaces and 'por' (through/across) for areas. Examples: espalhar creme na pele (spread cream on the skin), espalhar a mensagem por todo o lado (spread the message everywhere).
You'll encounter the verb espalhar in a wide array of real-life situations, making it a highly practical word to learn. In the kitchen, it's common to hear it when people are preparing food. For instance, a parent might tell a child, 'Espalha o queijo no pão' (Spread the cheese on the bread), or a baker might instruct, 'Espalhe a cobertura sobre o bolo' (Spread the frosting over the cake). Beyond the culinary world, espalhar is frequently used when discussing the distribution of physical objects. Imagine a gardener saying, 'Vou espalhar as sementes no canteiro' (I'm going to spread the seeds in the flowerbed), or someone preparing for an event commenting, 'Precisamos espalhar os convites pela cidade' (We need to spread the invitations around the city). The verb also plays a significant role in conversations about information and public opinion. If a piece of news or a rumor is circulating, people will say, 'A notícia se espalhou rapidamente' (The news spread quickly) or 'Os boatos se espalharam como fogo' (The rumors spread like wildfire). In social contexts, it can describe the diffusion of emotions: 'Sua alegria se espalhou por todos nós' (Her joy spread through all of us). Even in more abstract discussions about ideas or influence, you might hear, 'As ideias dele se espalharam pelo mundo' (His ideas spread throughout the world). This verb is so common that you'll hear it in everyday chatter, on television, in podcasts, and in written materials, from recipes to news reports. It's a fundamental piece of vocabulary for describing actions of distribution and dissemination.

No café da manhã, gosto de espalhar geleia na torrada.

At breakfast, I like to spread jam on my toast.
Everyday Scenarios
Used in homes for food preparation, in gardens for planting, and during events for distributing materials.

O perfume das flores se espalhou pelo ar.

The perfume of the flowers spread through the air.

Os voluntários ajudaram a espalhar os folhetos informativos.

The volunteers helped to spread the informational leaflets.
Information Dissemination
Commonly used when discussing the spread of news, rumors, ideas, and even diseases.
While espalhar is a straightforward verb, English speakers might make a few common mistakes. One frequent error is mistranslating the nuance between physical spreading and abstract dissemination. For example, using 'spread' for news might feel natural, but sometimes a more specific verb like 'disseminate' or 'circulate' might be more appropriate in English, and vice-versa in Portuguese. However, espalhar covers both quite well. A more common pitfall is incorrect verb conjugation, especially for learners who are still internalizing Portuguese verb patterns. Forgetting to conjugate the verb according to the subject is a frequent issue. For instance, saying 'Eu espalhar' instead of 'Eu espalho' (I spread) or 'Eles espalha' instead of 'Eles espalham' (They spread). Another mistake can be the misuse of the reflexive form espalhar-se. While it's used for things that spread naturally (like scents or rumors), learners might overuse it or underuse it. For instance, saying 'O cheiro espalhou pela casa' instead of the more natural 'O cheiro se espalhou pela casa' (The smell spread through the house). Also, confusion can arise with prepositions. While 'em' (on/in) and 'por' (through/across) are common, using the wrong preposition can alter the meaning or sound unnatural. For example, saying 'espalhar a manteiga por o pão' instead of 'espalhar a manteiga no pão'. Finally, some learners might confuse espalhar with verbs that have similar meanings but different contexts, like distribuir (to distribute, often implying handing out items individually) or divulgar (to make public, to publicize). While there's overlap, espalhar emphasizes the act of covering a surface or area, or the widespread diffusion.

Mistake: Eu espalhar a manteiga no pão.

Incorrect conjugation. Should be 'Eu espalho'.
Incorrect Conjugation
Failing to conjugate the verb correctly based on the subject and tense. For example, using the infinitive form instead of the conjugated form (e.g., 'Eu espalhar' instead of 'Eu espalho').

Mistake: A notícia espalhou pela cidade.

Missing reflexive pronoun. Should be 'A notícia se espalhou pela cidade'.

Mistake: Espalhei a mensagem sobre o país.

Incorrect preposition. 'Por' is more common for spreading across an area. Should be 'Espalhei a mensagem pelo país'.
Incorrect Preposition Use
Using the wrong preposition after espalhar, which can change the meaning or sound unnatural. Common prepositions are 'em' (on/in) and 'por' (through/across).
While espalhar is a widely used verb, Portuguese offers several alternatives depending on the specific nuance you want to convey. When the action is strictly about distributing items to multiple people or places, distribuir is a good synonym. For example, 'distribuir panfletos' (to distribute leaflets) is very similar to 'espalhar panfletos', but distribuir might imply a more organized or intentional handing out. If you're talking about making something known to the public, especially information, news, or a product, divulgar is a strong alternative. 'Divulgar a notícia' (to publicize the news) is more about making it widely known than the physical act of spreading. For scattering small particles, like seeds or confetti, lançar (to throw, to cast) can sometimes be used, though it emphasizes the act of throwing more than the resulting spread. For example, 'lançar sementes' (to cast seeds). In the context of abstract concepts like ideas or influence, propagar is a very close synonym to espalhar, often used for scientific or philosophical ideas spreading. 'Propagar ideias' (to propagate ideas). When it comes to sounds or smells that fill an area, difundir is another option, similar to the reflexive espalhar-se. 'O som se difundiu pela sala' (The sound diffused through the room). It's important to note the subtle differences: espalhar often implies covering a surface or area, or a general diffusion. Distribuir implies a more targeted handing out. Divulgar focuses on making something public. Propagar and difundir are often used for abstract concepts or waves. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are talking about a physical spread, a distribution, or a dissemination of information or abstract concepts.
Espalhar vs. Distribuir
Espalhar emphasizes covering an area or surface, like spreading butter on bread. Distribuir implies handing out items to multiple recipients, like distributing flyers.
Espalhar vs. Divulgar
Espalhar can be physical or abstract. Divulgar is specifically about making information public or known, like publicizing an event.

O professor decidiu distribuir os trabalhos de casa.

The teacher decided to distribute the homework assignments.
Espalhar vs. Propagar
Both can be used for abstract concepts. Propagar often implies a more active or intentional spreading of ideas, beliefs, or even biological organisms.

É importante divulgar os resultados da pesquisa.

It is important to publicize the research results.
Espalhar vs. Difundir
Difundir is often used for the spread of waves, energy, or abstract concepts, similar to the reflexive espalhar-se for natural diffusion.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The Latin root 'spargere' is also the origin of the English word 'spark', suggesting a shared ancient concept of something small being scattered or originating from a source. Another related word is 'asperse', meaning to slander or criticize someone by spreading damaging remarks.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /is.paˈʎaɾ/
US /is.paˈʎaɾ/
The stress falls on the second to last syllable: es-pa-LHAR.
Rhymes With
olhar chegar falar cantar trabalhar encontrar lembrar ajudar
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing 'lh' as a simple 'l' or 'y'.
  • Not stressing the correct syllable.
  • Mispronouncing the vowel sounds, especially the open 'a'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

At CEFR A2, 'espalhar' is introduced with concrete meanings. Learners can comprehend it in simple sentences related to food and physical actions. Understanding its abstract uses requires further development.

Writing 2/5

A2 learners can use 'espalhar' in basic sentences describing physical spreading. Producing sentences with abstract meanings or complex grammar involving 'espalhar' might be challenging.

Speaking 2/5

A2 learners can use 'espalhar' in simple spoken contexts for concrete actions. Fluency in using it for abstract concepts or in varied tenses may be limited.

Listening 2/5

A2 learners can identify 'espalhar' in clear, slow speech, especially when referring to concrete actions. Understanding its use in faster or more complex speech, particularly abstract meanings, might be difficult.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

manteiga (butter) pão (bread) sementes (seeds) notícia (news) alegria (joy)

Learn Next

distribuir divulgar propagar disseminar espalhafato

Advanced

contágio (contagion) difusão (diffusion) propagação (propagation) circulação (circulation) disseminação (dissemination)

Grammar to Know

Verb Conjugation of -ar Verbs

The verb 'espalhar' follows the regular conjugation pattern for -ar verbs in Portuguese. For instance, in the present tense: eu espalho, tu espalhas, ele/ela espalha.

Use of Reflexive Pronouns

The reflexive form 'espalhar-se' is used when the action is passive or self-initiated, such as 'O cheiro se espalhou pela casa' (The smell spread through the house).

Prepositions with Verbs of Movement/Distribution

Common prepositions used with 'espalhar' include 'em' (on/in) for surfaces ('espalhar na mesa') and 'por' (through/across) for areas ('espalhar pela cidade').

Future Tense Formation

The future tense of 'espalhar' is formed regularly: 'Eu espalharei' (I will spread), 'Nós espalharemos' (We will spread).

Past Simple (Pretérito Perfeito) Conjugation

The past simple tense is formed regularly: 'Eu espalhei' (I spread), 'Eles espalharam' (They spread).

Sign up free to read full explanation

Examples by Level

1

Eu espalho manteiga no pão.

I spread butter on the bread.

Simple present tense, direct object.

2

Espalhe o sal.

Spread the salt.

Imperative form.

3

O gato espalha pelo.

The cat spreads fur.

Simple present tense, natural action.

4

Eu espalho migalhas para os pássaros.

I spread crumbs for the birds.

Simple present tense, preposition 'para'.

5

Espalhe a farinha aqui.

Spread the flour here.

Imperative form, location.

6

Ele espalha areia.

He spreads sand.

Simple present tense.

7

Espalhe a comida.

Spread the food.

Imperative form.

8

A água espalha.

The water spreads.

Simple present tense, natural action.

1

Ela espalha sementes no jardim.

She spreads seeds in the garden.

Present tense, preposition 'em'.

2

O cheiro de café se espalhou pela casa.

The smell of coffee spread through the house.

Reflexive form 'espalhar-se', past tense.

3

Por favor, espalhe a cobertura no bolo.

Please, spread the frosting on the cake.

Imperative, preposition 'em'.

4

Os convites se espalharam rapidamente.

The invitations spread quickly.

Reflexive form, past tense, adverb.

5

Ele gosta de espalhar migalhas para os pássaros.

He likes to spread crumbs for the birds.

Infinitive form, preposition 'para'.

6

A tinta se espalhou na tela.

The paint spread on the canvas.

Reflexive form, past tense, preposition 'em'.

7

Nós vamos espalhar flores no caminho.

We are going to spread flowers on the path.

Future tense with 'ir', preposition 'em'.

8

A notícia se espalhou por toda a cidade.

The news spread throughout the entire city.

Reflexive form, past tense, preposition 'por'.

1

O professor espalhou os papéis sobre a mesa.

The teacher spread the papers on the table.

Past tense, preposition 'sobre'.

2

A alegria da vitória se espalhou entre os torcedores.

The joy of victory spread among the fans.

Reflexive form, past tense, preposition 'entre'.

3

É importante espalhar conhecimento e não desinformação.

It is important to spread knowledge and not misinformation.

Infinitive form, abstract concept.

4

Eles espalharam confetes pela rua.

They spread confetti through the street.

Past tense, preposition 'por'.

5

A campanha visa espalhar a conscientização sobre o meio ambiente.

The campaign aims to spread awareness about the environment.

Infinitive form, abstract concept.

6

O fogo se espalhou rapidamente pela floresta.

The fire spread quickly through the forest.

Reflexive form, past tense, adverb, preposition 'por'.

7

Precisamos espalhar a mensagem de paz.

We need to spread the message of peace.

Infinitive form, abstract concept.

8

As sementes se espalharam pelo vento.

The seeds spread by the wind.

Reflexive form, past tense, agent 'pelo vento'.

1

A influência daquela filosofia se espalhou por diversas culturas.

The influence of that philosophy spread across diverse cultures.

Reflexive form, past tense, abstract concept, preposition 'por'.

2

É crucial espalhar informações verídicas em tempos de crise.

It is crucial to spread truthful information in times of crisis.

Infinitive form, abstract concept, context.

3

Os boatos se espalharam como um incêndio, prejudicando a reputação.

The rumors spread like wildfire, damaging the reputation.

Reflexive form, simile, past tense, consequence.

4

A tecnologia permitiu que ideias inovadoras se espalhassem globalmente.

Technology allowed innovative ideas to spread globally.

Reflexive form, past tense, abstract concept, adverb.

5

O artista decidiu espalhar suas obras em locais públicos.

The artist decided to spread his works in public places.

Infinitive form, physical distribution.

6

A crise econômica se espalhou por vários países.

The economic crisis spread through several countries.

Reflexive form, past tense, abstract concept, preposition 'por'.

7

Ele tem o dom de espalhar otimismo por onde passa.

He has the gift of spreading optimism wherever he goes.

Infinitive form, abstract quality, prepositional phrase.

8

A epidemia se espalhou rapidamente, exigindo medidas de contenção.

The epidemic spread rapidly, requiring containment measures.

Reflexive form, adverb, consequence, past tense.

1

A sutil influência de suas palavras parecia espalhar-se pelo subconsciente coletivo.

The subtle influence of his words seemed to spread through the collective subconscious.

Reflexive form, figurative language, abstract concept, preposition 'pelo'.

2

O movimento artístico buscou espalhar uma nova estética em oposição ao tradicionalismo.

The artistic movement sought to spread a new aesthetic in opposition to traditionalism.

Infinitive form, abstract concept, contrast.

3

A desinformação se espalhou de forma tão insidiosa que minou a confiança pública.

The misinformation spread so insidiously that it undermined public trust.

Reflexive form, adverb, consequence, past tense.

4

A revolução cultural não se limitou a espalhar novas ideias, mas transformou profundamente a sociedade.

The cultural revolution was not limited to spreading new ideas, but profoundly transformed society.

Infinitive form, contrast, consequence.

5

O artista utilizou a técnica do dripping para espalhar a tinta de maneira expressiva.

The artist used the dripping technique to spread the paint expressively.

Infinitive form, specific technique, manner.

6

As ondas de choque da crise financeira se espalharam globalmente, afetando economias de forma imprevisível.

The shockwaves of the financial crisis spread globally, affecting economies unpredictably.

Reflexive form, metaphor, adverb, consequence, past tense.

7

A narrativa se espalhou através de múltiplas plataformas, reconfigurando o discurso público.

The narrative spread across multiple platforms, reconfiguring public discourse.

Reflexive form, preposition 'através de', consequence, past tense.

8

O legado do pensador continuou a espalhar-se por gerações, moldando o pensamento subsequente.

The thinker's legacy continued to spread through generations, shaping subsequent thought.

Reflexive form, temporal aspect, abstract concept, consequence.

1

A ideologia se espalhou de forma tão perniciosa que se tornou endêmica no discurso político.

The ideology spread so perniciously that it became endemic in political discourse.

Reflexive form, adverb, specific context, figurative language.

2

O romance capturou a essência da época, permitindo que suas temáticas se espalhassem para além das fronteiras literárias.

The novel captured the essence of the era, allowing its themes to spread beyond literary boundaries.

Reflexive form, infinitive clause, abstract concept, figurative language.

3

A contaminação sutil da linguagem corporativa se espalhou, homogeneizando a expressão e sufocando a originalidade.

The subtle contamination of corporate language spread, homogenizing expression and stifling originality.

Reflexive form, abstract concept, consequence, past tense.

4

A influência do movimento artístico se espalhou de maneira orgânica, permeando diversas esferas da vida cotidiana.

The influence of the artistic movement spread organically, permeating various spheres of daily life.

Reflexive form, adverb, figurative language, abstract concept.

5

O artista utilizou o princípio da difusão para espalhar partículas de pigmento sobre a tela, criando efeitos etéreos.

The artist used the principle of diffusion to spread pigment particles on the canvas, creating ethereal effects.

Infinitive form, scientific principle, specific technique, descriptive outcome.

6

A disseminação da tecnologia permitiu que o conhecimento se espalhasse de forma exponencial, democratizando o acesso à informação.

The dissemination of technology allowed knowledge to spread exponentially, democratizing access to information.

Reflexive form, adverb, consequence, abstract concept.

7

A narrativa se espalhou como um vírus informacional, alterando percepções e moldando narrativas hegemônicas.

The narrative spread like an informational virus, altering perceptions and shaping hegemonic narratives.

Reflexive form, simile, consequence, figurative language.

8

O legado do pensador continuou a espalhar-se por gerações, redefinindo os contornos do pensamento filosófico ocidental.

The thinker's legacy continued to spread through generations, redefining the contours of Western philosophical thought.

Reflexive form, temporal aspect, abstract concept, consequence, sophisticated vocabulary.

Synonyms

distribuir divulgar propagar disseminar lançar difundir espargir polvilhar

Antonyms

recolher concentrar reunir limitar

Common Collocations

espalhar manteiga
espalhar sementes
espalhar notícias
espalhar confetes
espalhar desinformação
espalhar o cheiro
espalhar alegria
espalhar o fogo
espalhar a mensagem
espalhar pelo

Common Phrases

espalhar como fogo

— To spread very quickly and uncontrollably, like wildfire.

Os rumores sobre a demissão se espalharam como fogo na empresa.

espalhar pelo

— For animals, especially pets, to shed fur or hair around a place.

Meu gato espalha pelo em todos os móveis.

espalhar-se

— To spread on its own, naturally, or passively. Used for scents, sounds, news, diseases.

O cheiro de pão fresco se espalha pela vizinhança pela manhã.

espalhar a palavra

— To spread news or information, often informally or by word of mouth.

Espalhe a palavra sobre o novo evento!

espalhar a boa nova

— To spread good news or happy tidings.

Ele voltou com ótimas notícias e espalhou a boa nova.

espalhar desânimo

— To spread discouragement or low spirits.

As más notícias começaram a espalhar desânimo entre a equipe.

espalhar o pânico

— To cause widespread fear or panic.

Os gritos de alerta ajudaram a espalhar o pânico.

espalhar o bem

— To spread goodness, kindness, or positive influence.

Vamos tentar espalhar o bem com nossos atos diários.

espalhar a discórdia

— To sow discord or create conflict between people.

Algumas pessoas gostam de espalhar a discórdia onde quer que vão.

espalhar o perfume

— For a scent to fill an area.

As flores no jardim espalhavam um perfume delicioso.

Often Confused With

espalhar vs distribuir

While both mean to spread, 'distribuir' often implies a more organized handing out of items to individuals or groups, whereas 'espalhar' can be more about covering an area or surface.

espalhar vs divulgar

'Divulgar' specifically refers to making information public or known, focusing on the act of broadcasting rather than the physical act of spreading.

espalhar vs propagar

Often used for abstract concepts like ideas, beliefs, or biological agents, implying a more active and sustained spread than 'espalhar'.

Idioms & Expressions

"espalhar como fogo"

— To spread very quickly and uncontrollably, similar to wildfire. Used for rumors, news, or even diseases.

A notícia falsa se espalhou como fogo pelas redes sociais.

Informal
"espalhar a palavra"

— To inform people, to spread news or information, often by word of mouth.

Por favor, espalhe a palavra sobre a reunião de amanhã.

Informal
"espalhar o pânico"

— To cause widespread fear or hysteria.

Um boato infundado sobre um ataque começou a espalhar o pânico na cidade.

Neutral
"espalhar desânimo"

— To cause people to lose hope or enthusiasm.

As constantes falhas do sistema começaram a espalhar desânimo entre os funcionários.

Neutral
"espalhar a boa nova"

— To share happy or positive news.

Ele recebeu a promoção e foi espalhar a boa nova para toda a família.

Neutral
"espalhar a discórdia"

— To cause arguments or disagreements between people; to sow discord.

Ele tem o hábito de espalhar a discórdia em qualquer grupo.

Neutral
"espalhar o amor"

— To spread feelings of love, affection, or goodwill.

A música tem o poder de espalhar o amor e a união.

Neutral
"espalhar o bem"

— To do good deeds or spread positivity.

Vamos nos esforçar para espalhar o bem em nossas comunidades.

Neutral
"espalhar o veneno"

— To spread malicious gossip or harmful rumors.

Ela foi acusada de espalhar o veneno sobre seus colegas.

Informal
"espalhar a semente"

— To introduce an idea or concept with the intention of it growing or spreading.

O professor tentou espalhar a semente da curiosidade em seus alunos.

Neutral

Easily Confused

espalhar vs distribuir

Both verbs relate to making something available to more than one entity or location.

'Espalhar' focuses on the action of covering a surface or area, or a general diffusion. 'Distribuir' emphasizes the act of handing out or allocating items to individuals or specific recipients. For example, you 'espalhe' butter on bread, but you 'distribua' flyers to people.

Eu vou espalhar as migalhas para os pássaros. (I will spread the crumbs for the birds.) vs. Eu vou distribuir as migalhas entre os pássaros. (I will distribute the crumbs among the birds - implies giving each bird a portion).

espalhar vs divulgar

Both can be used for spreading information.

'Espalhar' can be physical or abstract. 'Divulgar' is specifically about making information public, announcing, or publicizing something. It's about reaching an audience. You 'espalhe' news, but you 'divulgue' an event or a product.

A notícia se espalhou rapidamente. (The news spread quickly - general diffusion.) vs. A organização vai divulgar o evento. (The organization will publicize the event - active promotion).

espalhar vs propagar

Both relate to the spread of ideas or entities.

'Propagar' often implies a more active, intentional, and sometimes scientific or ideological spread. It can be used for ideas, beliefs, organisms, or waves. 'Espalhar' is more general and can be physical or abstract. 'Propagar' suggests a more deliberate or systematic growth and spread.

As ideias do filósofo se espalharam pelo mundo. (The philosopher's ideas spread throughout the world - general diffusion.) vs. O cientista tenta propagar novas cepas de bactérias. (The scientist tries to propagate new strains of bacteria - active, scientific process).

espalhar vs difundir

Both can describe the spread of abstract things like sounds, smells, or information.

'Difundir' is often used for the spread of waves, energy, light, sound, or abstract concepts, emphasizing the process of permeating or filling an area. It's very similar to the reflexive 'espalhar-se' when talking about natural diffusion. 'Espalhar' can be more active or passive, physical or abstract.

O som se espalhou pela sala. (The sound spread through the room - general.) vs. O som se difundiu pela sala. (The sound diffused through the room - emphasizing permeation).

espalhar vs esparramar

Both refer to spreading out, often in a messy way.

'Esparramar' implies spreading something out carelessly, messily, or in a disorganized manner, often onto a surface. It has a negative connotation of untidiness. 'Espalhar' can be neat or messy, intentional or unintentional.

Ele esparramou a comida no chão. (He spilled/spread the food messily on the floor.) vs. Ele espalhou a comida no prato. (He spread the food neatly on the plate.)

Sentence Patterns

A1

Subject + espalhar + Object.

Eu espalho manteiga.

A1

Imperative + espalhar + Object.

Espalhe o sal.

A2

Subject + espalhar + Object + em/sobre + Surface.

Ela espalha sementes no jardim.

A2

Subject + espalhar-se + por/em + Area.

O cheiro se espalhou pela casa.

B1

Subject + espalhar + Abstract Concept.

É importante espalhar conhecimento.

B1

Subject + espalhar + Object + como + Simile.

Os boatos se espalharam como fogo.

B2

Subject + espalhar + Object + adverb + prepositional phrase.

A influência se espalhou rapidamente por diversas culturas.

C1

Figurative + espalhar + Abstract Concept.

A sutil influência parecia espalhar-se pelo subconsciente.

Word Family

Nouns

espalhamento The act or process of spreading or scattering.
espalhador One who spreads; a spreader (e.g., a tool for spreading).

Verbs

espalhar

Adjectives

espalhado Spread out, scattered.

Related

dispersar To disperse, scatter.
difundir To diffuse, spread.
distribuir To distribute.
propagar To propagate, spread.
espalhafato Uproar, fuss, ostentation (related in sound, not meaning).
Sign up free to see all examples

How to Use It

frequency

Very High

Common Mistakes
  • Incorrect conjugation. → Eu espalho.

    Learners often forget to conjugate the verb 'espalhar' according to the subject. The correct present tense for 'eu' (I) is 'espalho'. Incorrect: 'Eu espalhar'.

  • Missing reflexive pronoun. → A notícia se espalhou.

    When referring to things that spread naturally (like news, smells, or diseases), the reflexive form 'espalhar-se' is usually used. Forgetting 'se' makes the sentence sound unnatural. Incorrect: 'A notícia espalhou.'

  • Incorrect preposition. → Espalhar a manteiga no pão.

    The choice of preposition is important. 'Em' or 'sobre' are commonly used for surfaces (on/in), while 'por' is used for areas (through/across). Incorrect: 'Espalhar a manteiga por o pão.'

  • Confusing with 'distribuir'. → Espalhar confetes na rua.

    'Espalhar' focuses on covering an area or surface. 'Distribuir' implies handing out items to individuals. Using 'distribuir confetes na rua' might sound like handing out individual pieces, whereas 'espalhar' conveys the image of them falling everywhere.

  • Overusing 'espalhar' for abstract concepts. → Divulgar a informação.

    While 'espalhar' can be used for abstract things, 'divulgar' is often more precise when the intention is to publicize or make something known officially. 'Espalhar' can imply a more general, less controlled spread.

Tips

Master the Reflexive Form

Pay close attention to 'espalhar-se'. It's crucial for describing natural diffusion of scents, sounds, news, or diseases. Think of it as 'spreading itself'. For example, 'O cheiro de café se espalhou pela casa' (The smell of coffee spread through the house).

The 'lh' Sound

The 'lh' in 'espalhar' is a distinct sound. Practice it by listening to native speakers. It's a palatal sound, often approximated as 'ly' in English. Avoid pronouncing it as a simple 'l' or 'y'.

Preposition Power

The prepositions used with 'espalhar' are important. 'Em' or 'sobre' often indicate the surface ('espalhar na mesa'), while 'por' indicates the area or medium of spread ('espalhar pela cidade').

Visual Associations

Create vivid mental images. Imagine scattering seeds in a garden or spreading jam on a large piece of bread. Visualizing the action helps solidify the meaning of 'espalhar'.

Use it in Sentences

The best way to learn is by doing. Try to create your own sentences using 'espalhar' in different tenses and contexts. Describe actions you see or imagine.

Everyday Relevance

Recognize that 'espalhar' is a verb used in countless everyday situations, from cooking to discussing news. This high frequency makes it a crucial word for daily communication.

Distinguish from Synonyms

Understand the subtle differences between 'espalhar', 'distribuir', and 'divulgar'. Knowing when to use each will make your Portuguese more precise and natural-sounding.

Avoid Conjugation Errors

Ensure you conjugate 'espalhar' correctly according to the subject and tense. Common errors include using the infinitive form or incorrect endings. For example, 'Eu espalho', not 'Eu espalhar'.

Learn Idiomatic Uses

Familiarize yourself with common idiomatic phrases like 'espalhar como fogo' (spread like wildfire) or 'espalhar a palavra' (spread the word) to enhance your fluency and understanding of colloquial Portuguese.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine spreading a very sticky substance, like 'spa'-ghetti sauce, all over a 'lar'-ge table. The mess you make is the 'espalhar' (spread) action.

Visual Association

Picture a farmer scattering seeds across a field. The image of seeds falling and spreading out helps remember the verb 'espalhar'.

Word Web

Spread Scatter Distribute Disseminate Propagate Circulate Manteiga (butter) Sementes (seeds) Notícia (news) Alegria (joy) Fogo (fire) Cheiro (smell)

Challenge

Try to describe five different actions you perform daily using the verb 'espalhar', whether literally or figuratively. For instance, 'Eu espalho café na minha caneca' (I spill coffee on my mug - a less common but possible use for accidental spreading) or 'Eu espalho elogios para meus amigos' (I spread compliments to my friends).

Word Origin

The Portuguese word 'espalhar' originates from the Latin word 'spargere', which means 'to scatter, sprinkle, spread'. This Latin root is common in Romance languages and has influenced many related words.

Original meaning: To scatter, sprinkle, spread.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Portuguese

Cultural Context

When discussing the spread of negative things like diseases, rumors, or panic, using 'espalhar' can carry a serious tone. Ensure the context is clear to avoid unintended connotations.

In English, 'to spread' is a direct equivalent for many uses of 'espalhar'. However, English also has more specific verbs like 'scatter', 'distribute', 'disseminate', and 'propagate' which might be chosen depending on the context. The reflexive 'espalhar-se' often translates to 'to spread' or 'to spread itself'.

The act of spreading butter or jam on bread is a daily ritual for many, making 'espalhar' a very common verb in breakfast contexts. In agricultural contexts, 'espalhar sementes' (spreading seeds) is a fundamental agricultural practice. The spread of news or rumors ('espalhar notícias/boatos') is a common topic in social commentary and media discussions.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Food preparation and serving

  • espalhar manteiga no pão
  • espalhar geleia na torrada
  • espalhar queijo ralado
  • espalhar cobertura no bolo

Gardening and agriculture

  • espalhar sementes
  • espalhar adubo
  • espalhar terra
  • espalhar flores

News and information dissemination

  • espalhar notícias
  • espalhar boatos
  • espalhar a palavra
  • espalhar desinformação

Celebrations and events

  • espalhar confetes
  • espalhar balões
  • espalhar decorações
  • espalhar convites

Abstract concepts and emotions

  • espalhar alegria
  • espalhar esperança
  • espalhar amor
  • espalhar o bem

Conversation Starters

"What's your favorite thing to spread on toast?"

"How do seeds get spread in your country?"

"Do you think news spreads too quickly nowadays?"

"What's something positive you've seen spread recently?"

"How do you feel when a bad rumor starts to spread?"

Journal Prompts

Describe a time you had to spread something physically, like butter or seeds. What was the outcome?

Think about a piece of news or information that spread rapidly. How did it affect people?

Write about an emotion, like joy or sadness, that you felt spread through a group of people. What caused it?

Imagine you could spread any idea or message throughout the world. What would it be and why?

Describe a time when something negative, like a rumor or a misunderstanding, spread. How could it have been prevented?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

The most basic meaning of 'espalhar' is to spread or scatter something over a surface or area. Think of spreading butter on toast or scattering seeds in a garden. It can also be used figuratively to mean disseminating information or feelings widely.

The reflexive form 'espalhar-se' is used when the action of spreading happens naturally, passively, or by itself. This is common for things like smells ('O cheiro se espalhou'), sounds ('A música se espalhou'), news ('A notícia se espalhou'), or diseases ('A doença se espalhou').

Yes, absolutely. 'Espalhar' is very versatile. You can 'espalhar ideias' (spread ideas), 'espalhar alegria' (spread joy), or 'espalhar o bem' (spread good). This figurative use is very common.

Common prepositions include 'em' (on/in) when spreading something onto a surface (e.g., 'espalhar na mesa' - spread on the table) and 'por' (through/across) when spreading something over an area (e.g., 'espalhar pela cidade' - spread through the city).

They are similar but have nuances. 'Espalhar' often implies covering an area or surface, while 'distribuir' typically means handing out items to multiple recipients. You 'espalhe' butter on bread, but you 'distribua' flyers to people.

The pronunciation is roughly 'is-pa-LYAR', with the stress on the 'LYAR' part. The 'lh' sound is a palatal sound, similar to the 'lli' in 'million' in some English pronunciations. The 'a' is open, like in 'father'.

Yes. You can 'espalhar desinformação' (spread misinformation), 'espalhar boatos' (spread rumors), 'espalhar o pânico' (spread panic), or 'espalhar a discórdia' (spread discord).

The past simple tense is regular. For example, 'Eu espalhei' (I spread), 'Ele espalhou' (He spread), 'Nós espalhamos' (We spread), 'Eles espalharam' (They spread).

Yes, for example, 'espalhar como fogo' (to spread like wildfire) for rapid dissemination, and 'espalhar a palavra' (to spread the word) for informing others.

'Esparramar' implies spreading something out messily or carelessly, often onto a surface, suggesting untidiness. 'Espalhar' can be neat or messy, intentional or unintentional.

Sign up free for tips & notes

Test Yourself 10 questions

/ 10 correct

Perfect score!

Sign up free to practice

Related Content

Was this helpful?

Comments (0)

Login to Comment
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts!