A2 · 初中級 チャプター 18

Looking Back at Yesterday

4 トータルルール
33 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

学べること

The Perfect Past (Perfectul Compus). Narrating completed actions in the past.

  • Perfectul Compus Formation
    Combine a specific form of 'a avea' with a past participle to describe any completed past action.
  • Past Participles
    Mastering the past participle allows you to talk about the past and describe results with simple, predictable endings.
  • Perfect Tense Usage
    Use the auxiliary 'a avea' plus a fixed past participle to describe any completed past action.
  • Narrating Past Events
    Use the auxiliary 'a avea' plus a past participle to narrate any completed action in the past.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Eu am băut o cafea în dimineața asta.

I drank a coffee this morning.

Perfectul Compus Formation
2

Ea a sunat la ora șapte.

She called at seven o'clock.

Perfectul Compus Formation
3

Am mâncat un măr în dimineața asta.

I ate an apple this morning.

Past Participles
4

Fereastra este închisă de ieri.

The window has been closed since yesterday.

Past Participles
5

Eu am băut o cafea dimineață.

I drank a coffee this morning.

Perfect Tense Usage
6

Noi am vizitat Castelul Bran.

We visited Bran Castle.

Perfect Tense Usage
7

Ieri am cumpărat un bilet de tren.

Yesterday I bought a train ticket.

Narrating Past Events
8

Ai văzut noul film al lui Scorsese?

Have you seen Scorsese's new movie?

Narrating Past Events

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

The 'Am' Double-Dip

Don't get confused! 'Am' is used for both 'I' and 'We'. Context like 'Eu' or 'Noi' will tell you who did the action.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Perfectul Compus Formation
💡

The 'T' Rule

Almost all regular past participles end in a 't' sound. If you're guessing, add a 't' and you'll likely be close!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Participles
🎯

Drop the Pronouns

In Romanian, 'am mâncat' is much more natural than 'eu am mâncat'. The auxiliary verb already tells us it was you!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Perfect Tense Usage
💡

The 'Am' Sandwich

Always remember that 'am' (or its variants) is the bread of your past tense sandwich. Without it, your verb is just a lonely filling that doesn't make sense.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Narrating Past Events

クイック練習 (10)

Complete the sentence with the correct past participle of the verb in parentheses.

Noi am ___ (a vorbi) cu profesorul ieri.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vorbit
Verbs ending in -i like 'a vorbi' form the participle by adding -it.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Participles

Complete the sentence with the correct participle of 'a lucra'.

Noi am ___ până târziu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lucrat
The past participle of '-a' verbs like 'a lucra' ends in '-at'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Perfect Tense Usage

Select the correct negative contraction for 'he did not'.

El ___ venit la cursul de română.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: n-a
'N-a' is the contraction of 'nu' + 'a' (he/she auxiliary).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Narrating Past Events

Choose the correct auxiliary for the subject 'Tu'.

Tu ___ cumpărat pâine ieri?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ai
The auxiliary for the second person singular 'tu' is always 'ai'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Perfect Tense Usage

Choose the correct past participle for the verb 'a vedea'.

Noi am ___ filmul ieri.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Verbs in -ea usually take the -ut ending in the past participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Perfectul Compus Formation

Identify the correct irregular participle.

Ea a ___ (a face) o prăjitură delicioasă.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: făcut
'A face' is a common irregular verb ending in -ut.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Participles

Identify the correct negative form.

Ea ___ dormit bine azi-noapte.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nu a
For 'Ea' (she), the auxiliary is 'a', so the negative is 'nu a'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Perfect Tense Usage

Complete the sentence with the correct past participle of 'a mânca'.

Tu ai ___ toată pizza?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mâncat
Verbs ending in '-a' usually take the '-at' ending in the past participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Narrating Past Events

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the Perfectul Compus.

Ea ___ (a cumpărat) un bilet de avion.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
For 'ea' (she), the helper verb is 'a'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Perfectul Compus Formation

Choose the correct auxiliary for the first person plural (we).

Noi ___ vizitat muzeul sâmbătă.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: am
For 'noi' (we), the auxiliary is always 'am'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Narrating Past Events

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

It means 'compound' or 'composed'. It is called this because it needs two words to work: a helper verb and a participle.
Yes, it is used for anything that happened five minutes ago or fifty years ago. As long as it is finished, you are good to go.
It is the form of a verb used to indicate a completed action, like 'eaten' or 'seen'. In Romanian, it is essential for the past tense perfect compus.
Yes, very! Just like English uses 'have' + 'seen', Romanian uses a avea + văzut.
It means 'Compound Perfect'. It is 'compound' because it uses two words (auxiliary + participle) to describe a 'perfect' (finished) action.
Mostly, yes. It covers both 'I did' and 'I have done'. For example, am văzut can mean both 'I saw' and 'I have seen'.
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Stories of the Past
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