러시아어 주격: 주어 (Именительный падеж)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Nominative case is the 'dictionary form' of a noun, used to identify the subject performing the action in a sentence.
- Use Nominative for the subject: 'Кот спит' (The cat sleeps).
- Use Nominative for naming things: 'Это стол' (This is a table).
- Nouns in the dictionary are always in the Nominative case.
Overview
Meanings
The Nominative case is the base form of a noun, used primarily to indicate the subject of a sentence or to identify an object.
Subject
The person or thing performing the action.
“Мама готовит обед.”
“Собака лает.”
Identification
Naming an object or person using 'это'.
“Это мой дом.”
“Это врач.”
Dictionary Entry
The form found in all dictionaries.
“Стол (table).”
“Книга (book).”
Nominative Case Endings by Gender
| Gender | Ending (Singular) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Consonant / -й / -ь | Стол / Музей / День |
| Feminine | -а / -я / -ь | Мама / Неделя / Ночь |
| Neuter | -о / -е / -мя | Окно / Море / Имя |
Reference Table
| Gender | Typical Endings | Example (Nom.) | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Consonant, -й, -ь | Студент / Чай | Student / Tea |
| Feminine | -а, -я, -ь | Пицца / Идея | Pizza / Idea |
| Neuter | -о, -е | Вино / Море | Wine / Sea |
| Plural (General) | -ы, -и | Друзья / Книги | Friends / Books |
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Мужчина здесь. (Meeting someone)
Мужчина здесь. (Meeting someone)
Мужик тут. (Meeting someone)
Чувак здесь. (Meeting someone)
Russian Noun Genders (Nominative)
Masculine
- Стол Table
- Музей Museum
Feminine
- Книга Book
- Песня Song
Neuter
- Утро Morning
- Здание Building
Nominative vs. Accusative (Inanimate)
Is the word in Nominative?
Is the noun the subject of the sentence?
Is it following a preposition (в, на, с)?
Everyday Objects (All Nominative)
On your desk
- • Ноутбук
- • Лампа
- • Ручка
In the kitchen
- • Чашка
- • Ложка
- • Холодильник
Examples by Level
Мама дома.
Mom is at home.
Это стол.
This is a table.
Книга интересная.
The book is interesting.
Студент читает.
The student is reading.
Мой друг работает здесь.
My friend works here.
Эта машина новая.
This car is new.
Погода сегодня хорошая.
The weather is good today.
Москва — большой город.
Moscow is a big city.
Преподаватель объясняет правило.
The teacher explains the rule.
На столе лежит газета.
A newspaper lies on the table.
Каждый человек имеет право на мнение.
Every person has a right to an opinion.
Эта идея кажется мне странной.
This idea seems strange to me.
Решение проблемы требует времени.
Solving the problem requires time.
Главный герой фильма — иностранец.
The main character of the film is a foreigner.
Внимание зрителей было приковано к сцене.
The audience's attention was fixed on the stage.
Результаты исследования оказались неожиданными.
The research results turned out to be unexpected.
Справедливость — это основа общества.
Justice is the foundation of society.
Необходимость перемен стала очевидной.
The necessity for change became obvious.
Творчество требует полной самоотдачи.
Creativity requires total dedication.
Мнение большинства не всегда верно.
The opinion of the majority is not always correct.
Истина рождается в споре.
Truth is born in argument.
Свобода воли — предмет долгих дискуссий.
Free will is a subject of long discussions.
Мировоззрение человека формируется годами.
A person's worldview is formed over years.
Благородство души проявляется в поступках.
Nobility of the soul is manifested in actions.
Easily Confused
Both can look the same for inanimate objects.
Genitive is used for possession.
Dative is for indirect objects.
자주 하는 실수
Вижу стола
Вижу стол
Это мама красивая
Мама красивая
Книгу лежит
Книга лежит
Иван читает книгу
Иван читает книгу
Мой машина
Моя машина
Это есть стол
Это стол
Стол большой
Стол большой
Студенты читают книгу
Студенты читают книгу
Он — врач
Он врач
Это был хороший день
Это был хороший день
Справедливость есть основа
Справедливость — основа
Мнение большинства не верны
Мнение большинства не верно
Творчество требует самоотдачу
Творчество требует самоотдачи
Sentence Patterns
Это ___.
___ — это хорошо.
Мой ___ очень умный.
___ — мой любимый город.
Real World Usage
Это мой кот.
Я менеджер.
Это вокзал?
Пицца здесь.
Привет, это я.
Учитель говорит.
The Dictionary Rule
The Preposition Trap
Subject Priority
Smart Tips
Always use 'это' + Nominative.
Identify the subject first.
Always learn the noun in Nominative.
Keep the subject simple.
발음
Stress
Stress can change in other cases, but Nominative is the base.
Declarative
Мама дома. ↘
Falling intonation for statements.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Nominative is the 'Name-inative' — it's just the name of the thing!
Visual Association
Imagine a label maker printing the name of an object and sticking it directly onto the object. That label is the Nominative case.
Rhyme
When you name the thing you see, use the Nominative, let it be!
Story
Ivan walks into a room. He points at a table and says 'Стол'. He points at a chair and says 'Стул'. Everything he names is in the Nominative case because he is just labeling the world.
Word Web
챌린지
Label 5 items in your room using sticky notes with their Russian names in the Nominative case.
문화 노트
Russians value directness. Using the Nominative case clearly identifies the subject.
Similar case system, but some endings differ.
Also uses Nominative for subjects.
Derived from Proto-Slavic nominal systems.
Conversation Starters
Кто это?
Что это?
Кто ваш любимый писатель?
Какая сегодня погода?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Эта ___ очень громкая!
Identify the correct way to say 'This is my friend'.
Find and fix the mistake:
Маму готовит ужин.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercises___ спит. (Кот)
Select the Nominative noun.
Find and fix the mistake:
Маму спит.
Книга / интересная
Nominative is the dictionary form.
— Кто это? — ___.
Окно (Neuter)
Стол - Masculine
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe milk is on the table.
город / Это / красивый
Match the nouns:
Choose the masculine noun:
___ спит.
Мой сестра — врач.
What is this?
Which one is neuter?
Мой ___ — студент.
метро / Где / ?
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Russian uses cases to show the role of the noun in the sentence.
Yes, it is the primary case for the subject.
Look at the ending of the Nominative form.
Only if the object is the subject of a passive construction or identification.
No, 'это' is invariant.
It can be masculine or feminine; you must memorize it.
Very few for the Nominative case itself.
Label items in your house.
In Other Languages
Subject pronoun/noun
Russian nouns change endings; Spanish nouns don't.
Nominativ
German uses articles to show case; Russian uses endings.
Sujet
French has no case system for nouns.
Ga/Wa particle
Russian uses inflection; Japanese uses particles.
Marfu'
Arabic is VSO; Russian is SVO.
Subject
Chinese has no inflection at all.
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