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B1 noun 6 دقیقه مطالعه

авторитет

The power or right to give orders

At the A1 level, you should learn авторитет as a word for 'a very important and respected person.' Think of it like a 'super-expert.' You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember that if someone is an 'авторитет,' they are someone you should listen to. For example, 'Мой папа — мой авторитет' (My dad is my authority/role model). It is a masculine noun, so it behaves like 'стол' or 'брат.' You might see it in simple texts about famous people or family. At this stage, focus on the idea of 'respect.' If you respect someone's opinion, they have 'авторитет' for you. Avoid the criminal slang meaning for now; just use it to describe teachers, parents, or famous scientists. It's a 'good' word to describe someone you admire.
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At the A2 level, you can start using авторитет in simple phrases. You should learn the basic combination 'иметь авторитет' (to have authority). This allows you to describe people in your life or characters in stories. 'Учитель имеет большой авторитет' (The teacher has great authority). You should also notice that the word doesn't change much in the plural: 'авторитеты.' You might encounter it in texts about work or school. Remember that it's not just about 'power' (like a boss), but about 'respect.' If people like and trust a leader, that leader has авторитет. You can also use the adjective 'авторитетный' (authoritative) to describe a book or a source of information. 'Это авторитетный сайт' (This is a reliable/authoritative website).
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At the B1 level, you are expected to use more natural Russian collocations. The most important one is пользоваться авторитетом (to enjoy/command authority). Note that this requires the Instrumental case: 'Он пользуется авторитетом.' You should also understand the nuances of 'завоёвывать авторитет' (to win/earn authority) and 'потерять авторитет' (to lose authority). At this level, you can use the word to discuss workplace dynamics, politics, or social issues. You should be able to distinguish between 'власть' (formal power) and 'авторитет' (earned respect). For example, a manager might have 'власть' because of their job title, but they need to work hard to gain 'авторитет' among their employees. You will also start to see this word in news reports about international relations.
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the abstract and metaphorical uses of авторитет. You can discuss 'моральный авторитет' (moral authority) or 'научный авторитет' (scientific authority). You should understand how the word is used in the criminal subculture ('криминальный авторитет') but know when it is appropriate to use it (mostly when discussing crime or watching movies). You can use more complex verbs like подрывать (to undermine) or укреплять (to strengthen) in relation to authority. 'Его поведение подрывает авторитет школы.' You should also be able to use the word in the plural to refer to a group of experts: 'Ведущие авторитеты в этой области согласны...' (Leading authorities in this field agree...). Your usage should reflect an understanding that авторитет is a fragile thing that depends on public perception.
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At the C1 level, you should master the subtle distinctions between авторитет and its synonyms like 'престиж,' 'репутация,' and 'влияние.' You can use the word in academic or professional writing to analyze leadership or social structures. You should be aware of the historical context, such as the role of 'moral authorities' in Russian literature and history. You can use the word in more complex grammatical structures, such as 'ссылаться на авторитеты' (to cite authorities) or 'давить авторитетом' (to use one's status to pressure others). You should also recognize the word in idiomatic or slightly sarcastic contexts. Your ability to use the word should show a deep understanding of Russian social hierarchy and the importance of personal reputation in Russian culture.
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At the C2 level, you use авторитет with the precision of a native speaker. You understand the philosophical implications of 'the crisis of authority' (кризис авторитетов) in modern society. You can navigate the most formal legal texts and the grittiest slang with equal ease. You recognize when the word is being used ironically to mock someone who overestimates their own importance. You can write essays or give presentations on how авторитет is constructed through discourse and media. You are familiar with literary examples where the loss of authority is a central theme. Your vocabulary includes related rare terms and you can explain the etymological shift from Latin 'auctoritas' to the modern Russian usage. You understand that авторитет is not just a status, but a complex social contract between the individual and the group.
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مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

авторитет در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • A masculine noun meaning 'authority,' 'prestige,' or an 'influential person.'
  • Commonly used with the verb 'пользоваться' (to enjoy) in the Instrumental case.
  • Can refer to professional expertise, moral standing, or criminal hierarchy.
  • Distinguished from 'власть' (formal power) by its reliance on earned respect.

The Russian word авторитет is a polysemous noun that translates most directly to 'authority,' but its usage in Russian is nuanced, spanning from professional respect to social standing and even specific criminal contexts. At its core, it refers to the recognized influence or weight that a person, organization, or idea carries in a particular field. Unlike the English word 'authority,' which often implies a formal position of power (like a police officer), авторитет in Russian frequently emphasizes the earned respect and the weight of one's opinion.

Professional Context
In academic or scientific circles, an авторитет is a person whose expertise is so vast that their word is considered definitive. It is common to say someone is an 'undisputed authority' (неоспоримый авторитет) in their field.

Профессор Петров — признанный авторитет в области квантовой физики.

Social and Moral Context
This refers to the moral weight or prestige a person holds within a community. If a leader has high авторитет, people follow them not because they have to by law, but because they trust their judgment and character.

Он пользуется огромным авторитетом среди своих коллег.

The Criminal Context (Subculture)
In Russian history and slang, specifically within the 'vorovskoy mir' (thieves' world), a 'криминальный авторитет' is a high-ranking member of the underworld. This specific usage became very common in the 1990s and is still frequently heard in crime dramas and news reports.

Вчера полиция задержала известного криминального авторитета.

Understanding авторитет requires recognizing that it is something that can be built (завоёвывать), lost (терять), or undermined (подрывать). It is an intangible asset that dictates how much influence a person's words carry. In a family setting, a father might have авторитет over his children, meaning they respect his guidance. In a corporate setting, a manager's авторитет is what allows them to lead effectively without relying solely on the threat of firing employees. It is a word about the power of personality and expertise.

Grammatically, авторитет is a masculine noun. Its usage is heavily dependent on specific collocations. To use it naturally, you must master the verbs that accompany it and the prepositions that follow it. The most important thing to remember is that авторитет is often something you 'possess' or 'enjoy' in the eyes of others.

Building and Losing
You 'earn' or 'conquer' authority using the verb завоёвывать. Conversely, you can 'undermine' it with подрывать or 'lose' it with терять.

Его неосторожное высказывание серьёзно подорвало его авторитет.

Prepositional Usage
When talking about authority *in a field*, use the preposition в + Prepositional case (в науке, в политике). When talking about authority *among a group*, use среди + Genitive case (среди друзей, среди коллег).

Она имеет большой авторитет среди студентов нашего университета.

Another common way to use the word is as a personification. You can call a person 'an authority.' In this case, it functions like a title. For example, 'He is a real authority for me' (Он для меня настоящий авторитет). This implies that you look up to this person and value their opinion above others. It is also used in the plural 'авторитеты' to describe a group of influential figures in a specific domain. In more formal writing, you might see 'авторитетное мнение,' which means an 'authoritative opinion' or 'expert opinion.' This is a high-frequency adjective derived from the noun.

You will encounter авторитет in a variety of settings, ranging from the evening news to a casual conversation about family dynamics. Its versatility is one of its defining characteristics in the Russian language.

In the News and Politics
Journalists often discuss the 'international authority' (международный авторитет) of a country. They might analyze how a treaty or a conflict affects Russia's standing on the world stage. Here, it is synonymous with prestige and diplomatic weight.

Этот визит должен укрепить международный авторитет нашей страны.

In Education and Science
Teachers and professors are frequently referred to as authorities. When a student cites a source, they might say, 'According to such an authority as...' (По мнению такого авторитета, как...). It signals that the source is trustworthy and should not be questioned lightly.

Для молодого учёного очень важно заработать авторитет в научной среде.

In the workplace, авторитет is the 'social capital' of a manager. A manager with high авторитет can motivate the team through respect rather than fear. You will hear this word in performance reviews or during discussions about leadership qualities. Finally, in the context of Russian history, the term 'moral authority' (моральный авторитет) was often applied to dissidents or writers like Solzhenitsyn or Sakharov, whose influence came from their perceived moral integrity during the Soviet era.

Learning to use авторитет correctly involves avoiding a few common pitfalls that English speakers often fall into due to direct translation or grammatical confusion.

The 'Authorities' Mistake
In English, we say 'The authorities arrived.' If you translate this as 'Авторитеты приехали,' a Russian speaker will think a group of high-ranking mobsters or famous experts just showed up. For police or government officials, you must use власти or правоохранительные органы.

Incorrect: Местные авторитеты запретили митинг. (The local mobsters banned the rally?)

Correct: Местные власти запретили митинг. (The local authorities banned the rally.)

Confusing with 'Author'
Because of the phonetic similarity, beginners sometimes confuse автор (author) with авторитет. While an автор can be an авторитет, they are not the same thing. You write a book as an автор; you have авторитет because the book is good.

Another mistake is using the word 'power' (сила or власть) when you really mean 'influence/respect' (авторитет). If you say a teacher has 'power' over students, it implies they can punish them. If you say they have 'авторитет,' it implies the students listen because they respect the teacher. Choosing the right word changes the entire tone of your sentence from one of coercion to one of respect.

To truly master авторитет, you should understand how it compares to related Russian words that deal with power, respect, and influence.

Власть vs. Авторитет
Власть (Vlast') is formal power. It is the legal right to command. Авторитет is informal power based on respect. A king has власть, but he may have no авторитет if his subjects despise him.
Престиж vs. Авторитет
Престиж (Prestige) is more about the external image and status. It is often linked to wealth or position. Авторитет is deeper and more personal; it’s about the quality of judgment and character.

Его работа в банке была престижной, но он не имел никакого авторитета в коллективе.

Влияние vs. Авторитет
Влияние (Vliyanie) is 'influence.' It is the broadest term. You can have influence through money, connections, or fear. Авторитет is a specific type of influence derived from expertise or moral standing.

In summary, while авторитет can be replaced by 'respect' (уважение) or 'influence' (влияние) in certain contexts, it remains the most powerful word to describe a combination of both. It is the 'weight' (вес) someone carries in a conversation. When you want to sound sophisticated and precise about someone's standing, авторитет is your go-to word.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"Международный авторитет организации неуклонно растёт."

خنثی

"Он большой авторитет в вопросах истории."

غیر رسمی

"Да он тут вообще не авторитет!"

Child friendly

"Твой папа — главный авторитет, слушай его."

عامیانه

"На районе он реальный авторитет."

نکته جالب

In the 18th century, it was often used specifically in academic and religious contexts before broadening to general social use.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /avtərʲɪˈtʲet/
US /avtərʲɪˈtʲet/
а-вто-ри-ТЕ́Т
هم‌قافیه با
комитет факультет паритет иммунитет приоритет суверенитет нейтралитет менталитет
خطاهای رایج
  • Stressing the second syllable 'то' instead of the last.
  • Pronouncing 'в' as 'w'.
  • Making the 'о' too clear (it should be reduced to 'а' sound).
  • Softening the first 'т' too much.
  • Pronouncing the final 'т' as a 'д'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Easy to recognize due to Latin roots, but nuances require context.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires knowledge of specific verb collocations and cases.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Pronunciation is key, especially the stress on the last syllable.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clear phonetic structure makes it easy to hear.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

автор уважение власть влияние мнение

بعداً یاد بگیرید

легитимность престиж репутация харизма компетентность

پیشرفته

иерархия доминирование субординация патронаж элита
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Мой дедушка — большой авторитет в семье.

My grandfather is a great authority in the family.

Nominative singular.

2

Этот врач — настоящий авторитет.

This doctor is a real authority.

Predicate noun.

3

У него есть авторитет в школе.

He has authority at school.

Subject in 'У + Genitive' construction.

4

Кто для тебя главный авторитет?

Who is the main authority for you?

Interrogative sentence.

5

Книга — это авторитет для ученика.

A book is an authority for a student.

Noun as a symbol.

6

Он маленький, но уже авторитет.

He is small, but already an authority.

Contrastive conjunction 'но'.

7

Её авторитет растёт каждый день.

Her authority grows every day.

Subject with a verb of motion/growth.

8

Это слово имеет большой авторитет.

This word has great authority.

Abstract usage.

1

Учитель пользуется авторитетом у детей.

The teacher enjoys authority among children.

Instrumental case: авторитетом.

2

Она хочет завоевать авторитет в новом классе.

She wants to win authority in the new class.

Infinitive + Accusative.

3

Его авторитет в группе очень высок.

His authority in the group is very high.

Adjective 'высокий' describing authority.

4

Мы уважаем его за его авторитет.

We respect him for his authority.

Preposition 'за' + Accusative.

5

Это авторитетный источник информации.

This is an authoritative source of information.

Adjective form: авторитетный.

6

Трудно работать без авторитета.

It is hard to work without authority.

Genitive case after 'без'.

7

Она потеряла свой авторитет из-за лжи.

She lost her authority because of a lie.

Accusative case.

8

Ваш авторитет поможет нам решить проблему.

Your authority will help us solve the problem.

Possessive pronoun 'ваш'.

1

Директор пользуется заслуженным авторитетом.

The director enjoys well-deserved authority.

Participle 'заслуженным' modifying authority.

2

Нельзя подрывать авторитет родителей.

One must not undermine the authority of parents.

Negative impersonal construction.

3

Он быстро заработал авторитет среди коллег.

He quickly earned authority among colleagues.

Preposition 'среди' + Genitive plural.

4

Его авторитет как эксперта не вызывает сомнений.

His authority as an expert is beyond doubt.

Comparative 'как' (meaning 'in the capacity of').

5

Она опирается на свой многолетний авторитет.

She relies on her many years of authority.

Verb 'опираться' + 'на' + Accusative.

6

Криминальный авторитет был арестован вчера.

A crime boss was arrested yesterday.

Specific subculture terminology.

7

Этот случай нанёс удар по его авторитету.

This incident dealt a blow to his authority.

Dative case after 'по'.

8

Укрепление авторитета страны — важная задача.

Strengthening the country's authority is an important task.

Verbal noun 'укрепление'.

1

Моральный авторитет писателя был огромен.

The writer's moral authority was immense.

Abstract adjective 'моральный'.

2

Он всегда давит на окружающих своим авторитетом.

He always pressures others with his authority.

Instrumental case of means.

3

Авторитет закона должен быть непоколебим.

The authority of the law must be unshakable.

Short form adjective 'непоколебим'.

4

В этой области нет более признанного авторитета.

There is no more recognized authority in this field.

Comparative degree + Genitive.

5

Она ссылается на авторитеты прошлого.

She cites the authorities of the past.

Plural Accusative.

6

Его авторитет пошатнулся после скандала.

His authority wavered after the scandal.

Metaphorical verb 'пошатнуться'.

7

Мы должны восстановить авторитет нашей организации.

We must restore the authority of our organization.

Perfective verb 'восстановить'.

8

Для многих он является непререкаемым авторитетом.

For many, he is an unquestionable authority.

Instrumental case after 'является'.

1

Эрозия авторитета институтов власти — опасная тенденция.

The erosion of the authority of power institutions is a dangerous trend.

Complex genitive chain.

2

Он умело конвертировал свой научный авторитет в политический капитал.

He skillfully converted his scientific authority into political capital.

Metaphorical usage in social science.

3

Её авторитет зиждется на глубоких знаниях и честности.

Her authority is based on deep knowledge and honesty.

Archaic/High-style verb 'зиждиться'.

4

Никакой внешний авторитет не заменит личного опыта.

No external authority can replace personal experience.

Negative pronoun 'никакой'.

5

Смещение авторитетов в цифровую эпоху неизбежно.

The shift of authorities in the digital age is inevitable.

Plural Genitive.

6

Он не терпит никаких посягательств на свой авторитет.

He does not tolerate any encroachments on his authority.

Abstract noun 'посягательство'.

7

Авторитет — это не только право, но и бремя.

Authority is not only a right, but also a burden.

Philosophical definition.

8

Его авторитет был лишь ширмой для коррупции.

His authority was merely a screen for corruption.

Metaphorical usage.

1

Деконструкция традиционных авторитетов привела к ценностному вакууму.

The deconstruction of traditional authorities led to a value vacuum.

Academic terminology.

2

Его харизма и авторитет создавали вокруг него ореол святости.

His charisma and authority created an aura of sanctity around him.

Literary style.

3

Проблема легитимации авторитета в постмодернистском обществе.

The problem of legitimizing authority in a postmodern society.

Sociological context.

4

Он обладал тем тихим авторитетом, который не требует громких слов.

He possessed that quiet authority that requires no loud words.

Relative clause.

5

Авторитет — это кредит доверия, который легко исчерпать.

Authority is a credit of trust that is easy to exhaust.

Economic metaphor.

6

В условиях анонимности интернета понятие авторитета размывается.

In conditions of internet anonymity, the concept of authority is blurred.

Passive voice 'размывается'.

7

Он пал жертвой собственного непомерного авторитета.

He fell victim to his own excessive authority.

Idiomatic expression 'пасть жертвой'.

8

Нивелирование авторитета экспертного сообщества чревато последствиями.

The leveling of the expert community's authority is fraught with consequences.

High-register vocabulary.

ترکیب‌های رایج

пользоваться авторитетом
завоевать авторитет
подорвать авторитет
непререкаемый авторитет
моральный авторитет
криминальный авторитет
международный авторитет
укреплять авторитет
терять авторитет
ссылаться на авторитет

عبارات رایج

Авторитет не купишь

Давить авторитетом

Работать на авторитет

Свой в доску авторитет

Признанный авторитет

Дешевый авторитет

Авторитетное мнение

Потеря авторитета

Дутый авторитет

Авторитет власти

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"Сначала ты работаешь на зачётку, а потом зачётка на тебя"

A student idiom similar to building authority; once you have it, it helps you automatically.

Это как с авторитетом: сначала ты на него, потом он на тебя.

student slang

"Вес в обществе"

To have high social standing and influence.

Его авторитет дает ему большой вес в обществе.

neutral

"Право голоса"

The right to have one's opinion considered (often due to authority).

Его авторитет дает ему право голоса в совете.

neutral

"Последнее слово"

To have the final decision because of one's authority.

Авторитет директора означает, что за ним последнее слово.

neutral

"Истинная инстанция"

To be the ultimate authority on a matter.

Он считает себя истинной инстанцией во всём.

formal/ironic

"Золотое слово"

A very valuable and authoritative statement.

Твои слова для нас — золотые, ты наш авторитет.

informal

"Твердая рука"

Strong, authoritative leadership.

Его авторитет — это твердая рука, которая нам нужна.

neutral

"Светлая голова"

A very smart person who is an authority in their field.

Он — светлая голова и большой авторитет в науке.

informal

"Король положения"

Someone who is in complete control due to their authority.

С таким авторитетом он — король положения.

informal

"Узда власти"

The reins of power/authority.

Он крепко держит узду авторитета в своих руках.

literary

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

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حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of an AUTHOR (автор) who is so good they become an AUTHORITY (авторитет). The 'tet' at the end is like a 'test' they passed to get there.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a heavy crown sitting on a book. The book represents knowledge, and the crown represents the authority that knowledge gives.

شبکه واژگان

Respect Power Expert Prestige Influence Leader Knowledge Status

چالش

Try to use the phrase 'пользоваться авторитетом' in a sentence about someone you admire in your professional life.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Latin 'auctoritas', which means 'influence, command, or prestige.' It entered Russian in the early 18th century, likely via German 'Autorität' or Polish 'autorytet'.

معنای اصلی: Opinion, advice, or influence of a person of high standing.

Indo-European (Latin root)

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using the term in a criminal context; it can be seen as glorifying crime or being overly cynical.

English speakers should be careful not to use 'авторитет' for 'the police' or 'the government' (use 'власти' instead).

Dostoevsky's characters often struggle with moral authority. Solzhenitsyn was a major moral authority in the USSR. The 1990s 'Brigada' TV show features many 'criminal authorities'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Workplace

  • пользоваться авторитетом
  • заработать авторитет
  • авторитетный начальник
  • подорвать авторитет

Academia

  • научный авторитет
  • ссылаться на авторитеты
  • признанный авторитет
  • авторитетное издание

Politics

  • международный авторитет
  • авторитет власти
  • утрата авторитета
  • моральный авторитет

Family

  • авторитет родителей
  • главный авторитет
  • слушаться авторитета
  • быть авторитетом

Crime

  • криминальный авторитет
  • вор в законе
  • авторитетный человек
  • разборки авторитетов

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Кто для вас является самым большим авторитетом в жизни?"

"Как вы думаете, можно ли быстро завоевать авторитет в новом коллективе?"

"Важен ли авторитет родителей для современного подростка?"

"Может ли интернет-блогер быть настоящим авторитетом в науке?"

"Что больше всего подрывает авторитет политика в вашей стране?"

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