The word 'tisti' is the standard Slovenian demonstrative used to indicate specific, distant objects or previously mentioned topics.
30秒でわかる単語
- Used for pointing to objects or people away from the speaker.
- Corresponds to the English demonstrative pronoun 'that'.
- Must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun.
Pregled
Beseda 'tisti' je kazalni zaimek, ki v slovenščini igra ključno vlogo pri orientaciji v prostoru in času. Njegova primarna naloga je kazanje na predmete ali osebe, ki niso neposredno ob govorcu (za kar bi uporabili zaimek 'ta'), temveč so od njega nekoliko oddaljeni. Kot večina zaimkov v slovenščini se tudi 'tisti' prilagaja samostalniku, h kateremu spada, v spolu (moški, ženski, srednji), številu (ednina, dvojina, množina) in sklonu (vseh šest sklonov).
Vzorci uporabe: Zaimek se v ednini pojavlja v oblikah
'tisti' (moški spol), 'tista' (ženski spol) in 'tisto' (srednji spol). V praksi ga pogosto srečamo v kombinaciji s samostalnikom, npr. 'tisti avto' ali 'tista hiša'. Zelo pogost je tudi v strukturah z oziralnim zaimkom 'ki', na primer: 'Tisti, ki pride prvi, dobi nagrado.' V tem primeru 'tisti' deluje kot napovednik osebe, ki bo definirana v nadaljevanju stavka.
Pogosti konteksti
'Tisti' se uporablja v vsakdanjem pogovoru za razlikovanje med predmeti. Če imamo pred sabo dve jabolki, bomo rekli: 'Ne želim tega (blizu mene), ampak tisto (dlje od mene).' Uporablja se tudi v časovnem smislu za dogodke v preteklosti, npr. 'tisto leto' ali 'tisti teden', kar nakazuje na časovno distanco od sedanjega trenutka.
Primerjava s sorodnimi besedami
Slovenščina pozna tristopenjski sistem kazalnih zaimkov glede na razdaljo: 'ta' (blizu govorca), 'tisti' (oddaljen od govorca) in 'oni' (zelo oddaljen od govorca ali na nasprotni strani). Medtem ko je 'ta' ekvivalent angleškemu 'this', je 'tisti' najpogostejši prevod za 'that'. Razlika med 'tisti' in 'oni' je v sodobnem jeziku pogosto zabrisana, vendar 'oni' izraža še večjo stopnjo oddaljenosti ali celo določeno mero tujosti.
例文
Tisti avto je zelo hiter.
everydayThat car is very fast.
V tistem obdobju so bili zakoni drugačni.
formalIn that period, the laws were different.
Daj mi tisto, prosim.
informalGive me that, please.
Tisti rezultati, ki so bili pridobljeni v laboratoriju, so ključni.
academicThose results that were obtained in the laboratory are crucial.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
tisti dan
that day
tisto, kar
that which / what
v tistem primeru
in that case
よく混同される語
'Ta' means 'this' (close to the speaker), while 'tisti' means 'that' (further away).
'Oni' indicates something even further away than 'tisti' or something on the opposite side.
文法パターン
How to Use It
使い方のコツ
The word 'tisti' is neutral in register and used across all levels of formality. In spoken language, it is frequently shortened or combined with the particle '-le' (tistile) to add emphasis. It is essential for spatial clarity in Slovenian, which relies heavily on the distinction between 'this' and 'that'.
よくある間違い
English speakers often forget that 'tisti' must change its ending to match the noun's gender and case. Another common error is using 'tisti' when the object is physically in the speaker's hand; in that case, 'ta' (this) must be used instead. Beginners also sometimes confuse the neuter 'tisto' with the masculine 'tisti'.
Tips
Match the ending to the noun
Always ensure the ending of 'tisti' matches the gender of the noun. For example, 'tisti' for 'stol' (masculine) and 'tista' for 'miza' (feminine).
Distinguish from the pronoun 'oni'
While 'tisti' is 'that', 'oni' is 'that one over there'. Use 'tisti' for general distance and 'oni' for extreme distance.
Gesturing while speaking
In Slovenia, using 'tisti' is often accompanied by a slight nod or eye movement towards the object, as pointing with fingers can sometimes be seen as impolite.
語源
Derived from the Proto-Slavic demonstrative root *tъ, combined with specific suffixes to indicate distance. It shares common roots with other Slavic languages (e.g., Russian 'tot', Polish 'tamten').
文化的な背景
Slovenian uses a three-way spatial distinction (ta-tisti-oni), which is common in Slavic languages but more precise than the English this-that system. Correct usage reflects a good grasp of spatial awareness in the language.
覚え方のコツ
Think of the 'T' in 'Tisti' as standing for 'There' (as in 'that over there'). It helps distinguish it from 'Ta', which is closer.
よくある質問
4 問'Ta' uporabljamo za stvari, ki so blizu govorca (this), 'tisti' pa za stvari, ki so dlje (that).
Ne, uporablja se lahko tudi za osebe (tisti moški) ali abstraktne pojme (tisti občutek).
V imenovalniku množine postane 'tisti' (za moški spol), 'tiste' (za ženski spol) in 'tista' (za srednji spol).
Beseda je nevtralna in se uporablja tako v neformalnem govoru kot v uradnih besedilih.
自分をテスト
Poglej ___ hišo na hribu.
Beseda 'hiša' je ženskega spola v ednini, zato potrebujemo obliko 'tista'.
Kateri prevod je pravilen?
'Tisti' se uporablja za moški spol (fant) in pomeni 'that'.
knjiga / tista / je / moja
Demonstrative pronouns usually come before the noun they modify.
スコア： /3
Summary
The word 'tisti' is the standard Slovenian demonstrative used to indicate specific, distant objects or previously mentioned topics.
- Used for pointing to objects or people away from the speaker.
- Corresponds to the English demonstrative pronoun 'that'.
- Must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun.
Match the ending to the noun
Always ensure the ending of 'tisti' matches the gender of the noun. For example, 'tisti' for 'stol' (masculine) and 'tista' for 'miza' (feminine).
Distinguish from the pronoun 'oni'
While 'tisti' is 'that', 'oni' is 'that one over there'. Use 'tisti' for general distance and 'oni' for extreme distance.
Gesturing while speaking
In Slovenia, using 'tisti' is often accompanied by a slight nod or eye movement towards the object, as pointing with fingers can sometimes be seen as impolite.
例文
4 / 4Tisti avto je zelo hiter.
That car is very fast.
V tistem obdobju so bili zakoni drugačni.
In that period, the laws were different.
Daj mi tisto, prosim.
Give me that, please.
Tisti rezultati, ki so bili pridobljeni v laboratoriju, so ključni.
Those results that were obtained in the laboratory are crucial.
