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A1 verb 11 min read

Takbo

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips Takbo in 30 Seconds

Explanation Takbo in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should focus on the most literal meaning of takbo: the physical act of running. You will mostly use the verb form tumakbo. This is an 'actor-focus' verb, meaning the person or thing doing the running is the most important part of the sentence. For example, 'Tumakbo ako' (I ran) or 'Tumakbo ang aso' (The dog ran). At this stage, it is important to learn the basic three tenses: tumakbo (past), tumatakbo (present), and tatakbo (future). You will also hear the root word takbo used as a command, like 'Takbo!' when someone wants you to run immediately. This level focuses on simple, everyday situations like playing, exercising, or being in a hurry.

At the A2 level, you begin to see takbo used as a noun to describe the pace or manner of an action. You might say 'Mabilis ang takbo' (The run/pace is fast) when talking about a car or a person. You will also learn the word takbuhan, which refers to a place for running, like a track. A2 learners should also start recognizing simple figurative uses, such as 'takbo ng oras' (the running of time). You will also encounter the causative form patakbuhin in simple contexts, like 'Patakbuhin mo ang computer' (Run the computer). This level expands your ability to describe not just who is running, but how things are running around you.

B1 learners should be comfortable with the metaphorical applications of takbo in business and project management. You will hear questions like 'Kumusta ang takbo ng trabaho?' (How is the flow of work?). Here, takbo represents progress or status. You will also learn the social meaning of 'takbuhan'—someone you turn to for help. For example, 'Si nanay ang takbuhan ko' (Mom is the one I run to). You should also be able to use magtakbuhan to describe a group of people running simultaneously. This level requires understanding the word in social and professional contexts where the 'running' isn't necessarily physical but relates to the flow of events.

At the B2 level, takbo is used frequently in political and formal discussions. You will use pagtakbo to refer to a political candidacy, such as 'Ang kanyang pagtakbo bilang senador' (His run for senator). You will also encounter more nuanced descriptions of movement using takbo, such as 'takbo ng ekonomiya' (the run/state of the economy). Learners at this stage should be able to distinguish between takbo and synonyms like andar or lakad in complex sentences. You will also start using the word to describe the 'logic' or 'flow' of an argument or a story, like 'Hindi ko makuha ang takbo ng isip mo' (I can't follow your train of thought).

C1 learners use takbo in sophisticated, literary, or highly technical ways. You might describe the 'takbo ng kasaysayan' (the course of history) or the 'takbo ng tadhana' (the run of fate). At this level, you understand the subtle emotional weight the word can carry in poetry or prose. You can also use complex verbal forms involving takbo, such as 'ipinapatakbo' (is being made to run/managed) in passive-causative structures. You are expected to have a deep understanding of idioms like 'takbong-kabayo' (running like a horse/very fast) and how to use them appropriately to add color to your speech. Your usage of takbo reflects an understanding of the Filipino philosophy of time and motion.

At the C2 level, your mastery of takbo is indistinguishable from a native speaker. You can use it to engage in deep philosophical debates about the 'takbo ng mundo' (the way of the world) or the 'takbo ng buhay' (the course of life). You can effortlessly switch between its literal, mechanical, political, and metaphorical meanings in a single conversation. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its cognates in other Philippine languages. You can use takbo to create puns, double meanings, and high-level rhetoric. For a C2 speaker, takbo is not just a word for movement; it is a conceptual tool for analyzing the dynamics of any system, whether physical, social, or abstract.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

Takbo in 30 Seconds

Takbo is the primary Filipino root word for 'run', covering physical movement, mechanical operation, and the general flow or pace of events.
The most common verb form is 'tumakbo' (to run), which is an actor-focus verb used for people, animals, and sometimes vehicles.
Beyond literal running, it is used in professional contexts to mean 'managing' (pagpapatakbo) and in political contexts to mean 'running for office'.
It is a versatile noun that can mean 'speed', 'pace', or 'direction', making it essential for describing how things are progressing in life.

The Filipino word takbo is a fundamental verb and noun in the Tagalog language, primarily translating to 'run' in English. At its most basic level, it describes the physical act of rapid movement by foot, where at some point both feet are off the ground. However, in the rich tapestry of Filipino communication, takbo extends far beyond the athletic track. It is a versatile term used to describe the operation of machinery, the progression of time, the flow of a story, and even the management of a business or organization. Understanding takbo is essential for any learner because it appears in almost every facet of daily life, from catching a jeepney to describing how one's day is going. The word carries an inherent sense of momentum and direction, making it a powerful tool for expressing both literal and figurative movement.

Physical Action: The most common use involves human or animal locomotion. Whether it is a child playing in the park or an athlete competing in a marathon, 'takbo' is the root used to form the necessary verbs.

Mabilis ang takbo ng bata patungo sa kanyang ina.

Beyond the physical, takbo is used to describe the 'run' or 'operation' of systems. For instance, if you want to ask how a machine works or if a computer program is functioning, you would use a derivative of this word. This mechanical application is vital in professional and technical contexts in the Philippines. Furthermore, the word is deeply embedded in temporal expressions. Filipinos often speak of the 'takbo ng panahon' (the passage of time) or the 'takbo ng oras' (the running of the clock), emphasizing the relentless forward motion of existence. It suggests a process that is ongoing and perhaps outside of one's immediate control, much like the flow of a river.

Functional Operation: Used when referring to how a business, a machine, or a project is progressing. It answers the question 'How is it running?'

Maayos ang takbo ng ating bagong negosyo sa Maynila.

In social and political spheres, takbo is the standard term for 'running for office.' A candidate's campaign is their 'pagtakbo.' This highlights the competitive and fast-paced nature of Filipino politics. Additionally, in storytelling, the 'takbo ng kuwento' refers to the plot or the way the narrative unfolds. If a movie is too slow, a Filipino might complain about its 'takbo.' This multifaceted nature makes the word a cornerstone of the language, bridging the gap between concrete physical reality and abstract conceptualization. Whether you are running away from a problem (pagtakas) or running towards a goal, the root takbo remains the central pillar of your expression.

Narrative Flow: Refers to the pace and direction of a story, movie, or conversation. It helps describe if something is exciting or dragging.

Hindi ko nagustuhan ang takbo ng pelikula dahil masyadong mabagal.

To use takbo correctly, one must understand the Filipino system of verbal focus and conjugation. As a root, takbo usually takes the '-um-' infix to become an actor-focus verb: tumakbo. This is the most common form used when the subject of the sentence is the one performing the action of running. For example, 'Tumakbo ang aso' (The dog ran). Conjugating this verb follows the standard rules for -um- verbs: the past tense is 'tumakbo,' the present is 'tumatakbo' (repeating the first syllable of the root), and the future is 'tatakbo' (dropping the infix and repeating the first syllable).

Past Tense (Completed): Used for actions that have already finished. 'Tumakbo ako kahapon' (I ran yesterday).

Tumakbo siya nang mabilis para hindi mahuli sa klase.

Another important form is the causative verb patakbuhin. This is used when someone makes something else run, such as a car, a machine, or even a business. For instance, 'Patakbuhin mo ang makina' (Make the machine run / Start the machine). This shift from actor-focus to causative-focus is a key hurdle for English speakers but is vital for describing management and operation. Additionally, the word takbo can function as a noun to describe the manner or speed of running. In the sentence 'Mabilis ang takbo niya,' takbo acts as a noun meaning 'pace' or 'run.'

Present Tense (Incomplete): Used for ongoing actions. 'Tumatakbo ang bata sa ulan' (The child is running in the rain).

Bakit ka tumatakbo? May humahabol ba sa iyo?

When describing a place where people run, the suffix '-an' is added, resulting in takbuhan. This can mean a racetrack, but more colloquially, it refers to a person or place one goes to for help in times of trouble. 'Siya ang aking takbuhan' means 'He/She is the one I run to.' This metaphorical use is very common in emotional and supportive contexts. Furthermore, the word can be combined with other prefixes like 'mag-' to indicate a group action, as in magtakbuhan (to run all at once/scatter). This is often used to describe a crowd reacting to something sudden, like rain or a loud noise.

Future Tense (Contemplated): Used for actions that have not yet started. 'Tatakbo ako sa susunod na eleksyon' (I will run in the next election).

Tatakbo tayo mamaya para mag-ehersisyo.

In the bustling streets of Manila or the quiet roads of the provinces, takbo is a constant in the auditory landscape. You will hear it most frequently in the context of transportation. Jeepney drivers and barkers often use it to describe the speed of the vehicle or the flow of traffic. 'Mabilis ang takbo' (The pace is fast) is a common observation when the roads are clear, while 'Gapang ang takbo' (The pace is crawling) is the dreaded description of heavy traffic. In this context, takbo isn't about legs moving; it's about the collective movement of the city's transport system.

Public Transport: Heard in conversations about traffic conditions and the speed of buses, jeepneys, and trains.

Kuya, bagalan mo lang ang takbo, baka tayo maaksidente.

In the workplace, takbo is used to discuss project management and business health. During meetings, a manager might ask, 'Kumusta ang takbo ng ating proyekto?' (How is the flow of our project?). This usage is synonymous with progress and efficiency. If a business is 'malakas ang takbo,' it means it is thriving and moving forward with great momentum. Conversely, if the 'takbo' is problematic, it indicates bottlenecks or issues in the workflow. This professional application makes the word indispensable for anyone working in a Filipino-speaking environment, as it encapsulates the overall 'health' of an endeavor.

Sports and Recreation: Used during basketball games (the most popular sport in the Philippines) to describe fast breaks or the movement of players.

Ang bilis ng takbo ng point guard nila, hindi mahabol!

You will also encounter takbo in news broadcasts and political commentary. During election seasons, the word is ubiquitous. 'Sino ang tatakbo sa pagkapangulo?' (Who will run for president?) is a question heard in every household. The 'takbo ng politika' (the course of politics) is a favorite topic of discussion in coffee shops and social media. Even in entertainment, the 'takbo ng istorya' (plot of the story) of a popular 'teleserye' (TV series) is a common point of debate among fans. This wide range of applications—from the mechanical to the political, from the literal to the metaphorical—proves that takbo is a foundational concept in the Filipino worldview.

News and Media: Commonly used in political reporting and discussing the trajectory of national events.

Abangan natin ang susunod na takbo ng mga pangyayari sa ating bansa.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning takbo is confusing the focus of the verb. In English, 'run' can be used for both the person running and the machine being run without a significant change in the word's form. In Filipino, however, you must distinguish between tumakbo (the person runs) and patakbuhin (to make something run). Saying 'Tumakbo ako ng makina' is grammatically incorrect because 'tumakbo' implies the person is physically running, not operating a machine. The correct form would be 'Pinatakbo ko ang makina.'

Incorrect Focus: Using 'tumakbo' for machines or businesses instead of 'patakbuhin' or its conjugated forms.

Mali: Tumakbo siya ng tindahan. (Incorrect: He physically ran a store.)

Another common error involves the misuse of the word takbo when lakad (walk) or alis (leave) is more appropriate. In English, we might say 'I have to run' to mean 'I have to leave.' In Filipino, saying 'Kailangan kong tumakbo' literally means you are going to start sprinting. Unless you are actually in a hurry to the point of running, it is better to say 'Kailangan ko nang umalis' (I need to leave) or 'Kailangan ko nang lumakad' (I need to get going). Misusing takbo in this way can lead to confusion or unintended humor, as people might expect you to bolt out the door.

Literal vs. Figurative Confusion: Assuming English idioms like 'run a bath' or 'run an errand' translate directly using 'takbo.'

Tama: Nag-asikaso ako ng mga lakad kanina. (Correct: I ran some errands earlier - literally 'walks'.)

Learners also struggle with the conjugation of tumakbo, specifically the placement of the '-um-' infix. Some might say 'umtakbo' or 'takbumo,' which are incorrect. Remember that the '-um-' infix goes after the first consonant of the root. If the root starts with a vowel, it becomes a prefix, but since takbo starts with 't', it must be 't-um-akbo.' Similarly, in the present tense 'tumatakbo,' the '-um-' is placed in the first syllable of the reduplicated root. Mastery of these patterns is essential for sounding natural and being understood by native speakers.

Conjugation Errors: Misplacing the '-um-' infix or failing to reduplicate the correct syllable for the present and future tenses.

Mali: Umtakbo ang magnanakaw. (Incorrect: The thief ran.)

While takbo is the general term for running, Filipino offers several synonyms and related words that provide more specific nuances. For instance, if you want to describe running very fast or dashing suddenly, you might use karipas. This word evokes the image of someone suddenly bolting away. Another colorful alternative is sibat, which literally means 'spear' but is used colloquially to mean 'to leave quickly' or 'to run away' like an arrow shot from a bow. These alternatives add flavor and precision to your descriptions, especially in informal conversations.

Takbo vs. Karipas: 'Takbo' is neutral. 'Karipas' implies a sudden burst of speed or a frantic run, often due to fear or urgency.

Nag-karipas ng takbo ang mga bata nang makakita ng aso.

In the context of 'running away' or 'escaping,' takas is the more appropriate term. While takbo describes the physical motion, takas focuses on the intent to evade capture or responsibility. You might 'tumakbo' (run) while you 'tumakas' (escape). Another related word is hagibis, which describes a very fast, rushing movement, often used for vehicles or the wind. Using hagibis instead of takbo emphasizes the sheer velocity and the sound of the movement, making your language more poetic and evocative.

Takbo vs. Lakad: 'Takbo' is running; 'Lakad' is walking. However, in business or errands, 'lakad' is often used where English uses 'run' (e.g., 'running errands').

Marami akong lakad ngayong araw kaya pagod ako.

For the mechanical 'run,' you can also use andar. While takbo is common, andar is specifically used for the functioning of engines, clocks, and machines. If your car won't start, you say 'Ayaw umandar ng kotse.' If the engine is running but the car isn't moving, it is still 'umaandar.' Understanding the subtle difference between takbo (which implies progression or speed) and andar (which implies basic functional operation) will make you a more sophisticated speaker. By choosing the right word from this family of terms, you can more accurately convey the specific type of 'running' you are talking about.

Takbo vs. Andar: 'Takbo' is often used for the *speed* or *way* a machine runs. 'Andar' is used for the *fact* that it is running at all.

Maayos ang andar ng relo ko kahit luma na ito.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In some ancient Philippine dialects, 'takbo' was also used to describe the flow of water in a stream, showing the early connection between physical running and general 'flow'.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /tɐk.ˈbo/

US /tɑk.ˈboʊ/

The stress is on the final syllable: tak-BO. This is a 'mabilis' (fast) stress in Filipino grammar.

Rhymes With

Bato (Stone) Pito (Whistle/Seven) Lito (Confused) Suyo (Affection) Tubo (Pipe/Sugar cane) Gulo (Chaos) Pulo (Island) Sulo (Torch)

Common Errors

Stressing the first syllable (TAK-bo) instead of the second.
Pronouncing the 't' with a heavy puff of air (aspiration).
Making the 'o' sound like a long 'oo' as in 'boot'.
Pronouncing the 'k' too harshly; it should be a soft glottal stop-like sound.
Failing to keep the 'a' short and neutral.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 1/5

The root is easy to recognize in text due to its short length and frequent use.

Writing 3/5

Conjugating with the -um- infix and causative pa- can be tricky for beginners.

Speaking 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward as long as the stress on the last syllable is maintained.

Listening 2/5

Easily heard, but can be confused with 'tako' (fear) or 'tabo' (dipper) if not listening closely.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

Lakad (Walk) Alis (Leave) Mabilis (Fast) Mabagal (Slow) Paano (How)

Learn Next

Talon (Jump) Langoy (Swim) Lipad (Fly) Andar (Operate) Galaw (Move)

Advanced

Hagibis (Velocity) Karipas (Sudden dash) Pagtakbo (Candidacy) Pamamalakad (Management style) Daloy (Flow)

Grammar to Know

The -um- Infix Rule

T-um-akbo (Root: Takbo). The infix goes after the first consonant.

Causative Prefix 'Pa-'

Pa-takbo-hin. Makes the verb mean 'to cause to run'.

Reduplication for Present Tense

T-um-a-takbo. The first syllable of the root is repeated.

Reduplication for Future Tense

Ta-takbo. The first syllable is repeated without the infix.

Locative Suffix '-an'

Takbo-han. Indicates the place or person related to the action.

Examples by Level

Tumakbo ang bata.

The child ran.

Tumakbo is the past tense (completed aspect) of the actor-focus verb.

Tumatakbo ako sa umaga.

I run in the morning.

Tumatakbo is the present tense (progressive aspect).

Tatakbo ka ba?

Will you run?

Tatakbo is the future tense (contemplated aspect).

Takbo! May aso!

Run! There's a dog!

Takbo here is used as an imperative (command).

Mabilis tumakbo si Juan.

Juan runs fast.

Mabilis is an adverb describing the action of running.

Huwag kang tumakbo rito.

Don't run here.

Huwag is a negator used with the infinitive-like form of the verb.

Gusto kong tumakbo sa parke.

I want to run in the park.

Gusto expresses desire, followed by the linker 'ng' and the verb.

Bakit sila tumakbo?

Why did they run?

Bakit is the question word for 'why'.

Mabilis ang takbo ng sasakyan.

The car's speed is fast.

Takbo is used here as a noun meaning 'speed' or 'pace'.

Saan ang takbuhan?

Where is the running place (track)?

The suffix -an indicates a place where the action occurs.

Patakbuhin mo ang makina.

Start the machine / Make the machine run.

Patakbuhin is a causative verb (pa- + root + -in).

Mabagal ang takbo ng oras.

Time is running slowly.

Metaphorical use of takbo describing the flow of time.

Tumakbo siya para sa bus.

He ran for the bus.

Para sa indicates the purpose or target of the running.

Maayos ang takbo ng usapan.

The conversation is going well (running smoothly).

Takbo refers to the 'flow' or 'progress' of a social interaction.

Tatakbo ako bukas ng umaga.

I will run tomorrow morning.

Future tense with a specific time marker.

Nahihirapan siyang tumakbo.

He is having a hard time running.

Nahihirapan expresses difficulty in performing an action.

Siya ang aking takbuhan kapag may problema ako.

He is the person I run to when I have a problem.

Takbuhan is used metaphorically for a person of refuge.

Kumusta ang takbo ng iyong negosyo?

How is the run/operation of your business?

Takbo refers to the status or health of an enterprise.

Magtakbuhan tayo patungo sa dagat!

Let's all run together towards the sea!

Mag- + reduplication + -an indicates collective action.

Hindi ko gusto ang takbo ng kwento.

I don't like the flow of the story.

Takbo here means the plot or narrative progression.

Pinatakbo niya ang kumpanya nang mag-isa.

He ran the company by himself.

Pinatakbo is the past tense of the causative verb.

Biglang nagtakbuhan ang mga tao dahil sa ulan.

The people suddenly scattered/ran because of the rain.

Nagtakbuhan implies a chaotic, collective response.

Kailangan nating pabilisin ang takbo ng proyekto.

We need to speed up the pace of the project.

Pabilisin (to speed up) modifies the noun takbo.

Tumakbo siya palayo sa kanyang mga takot.

She ran away from her fears.

Palayo (away) indicates direction.

Seryoso siya sa kanyang pagtakbo bilang mayor.

He is serious about his run for mayor.

Pagtakbo is a gerund referring to political candidacy.

Nag-iba ang takbo ng usapin nang dumating siya.

The course of the discussion changed when he arrived.

Takbo refers to the direction or tone of a discussion.

Mahirap hulaan ang takbo ng ekonomiya sa ngayon.

It is hard to predict the run/course of the economy right now.

Takbo describes the trajectory of a complex system.

Bakit ganyan ang takbo ng isip mo?

Why is your way of thinking like that?

Takbo ng isip is an idiom for 'train of thought' or 'logic'.

Ipinapatakbo ang programa sa ilalim ng bagong batas.

The program is being run under the new law.

Ipinapatakbo is a complex passive-causative verb form.

Ang mabilis na takbo ng buhay sa lungsod ay nakakapagod.

The fast pace of life in the city is tiring.

Takbo ng buhay refers to the overall lifestyle pace.

Huwag mong hayaang diktahan ng iba ang takbo ng buhay mo.

Don't let others dictate the course of your life.

Takbo ng buhay used in an empowering, metaphorical sense.

Tumakbo ang imbestigasyon sa loob ng tatlong buwan.

The investigation ran for three months.

Tumakbo used to describe the duration of a process.

Masalimuot ang takbo ng tadhana para sa ating dalawa.

The run of fate is complex for the two of us.

Takbo ng tadhana is a poetic expression for the course of destiny.

Sinisiyasat nila ang takbo ng kasaysayan ng Pilipinas.

They are investigating the course of Philippine history.

Takbo ng kasaysayan refers to historical progression.

Ang takbong-kabayo ng kanyang puso ay dahil sa kaba.

The horse-like run (racing) of his heart was due to nervousness.

Takbong-kabayo is a compound word meaning 'very fast' (like a horse).

Hindi maikakaila ang mabilis na takbo ng modernisasyon.

The rapid pace of modernization cannot be denied.

Takbo used in a socio-cultural analytical context.

Nakasalalay sa kanya ang pagpapatakbo ng buong organisasyon.

The management/running of the whole organization depends on him.

Pagpapatakbo is the gerund form of the causative verb.

Anuman ang maging takbo ng usapan, manatili tayong mahinahon.

Whatever the course of the talk becomes, let us remain calm.

Takbo ng usapan refers to the unpredictable nature of a dialogue.

Ang takbo ng kanyang panulat ay puno ng pait at pighati.

The flow of his writing is full of bitterness and grief.

Takbo ng panulat is a literary metaphor for writing style.

Patuloy ang takbo ng mundo sa kabila ng mga pagsubok.

The world continues to run (turn) despite the trials.

Takbo ng mundo refers to the persistence of life and time.

Ang di-matutol na takbo ng panahon ay sumasalamin sa ating mortalidad.

The unstoppable run of time reflects our mortality.

Highly formal and philosophical use of takbo.

Sinisikap nating unawain ang masalimuot na takbo ng sandaigdigan.

We are trying to understand the complex run/workings of the universe.

Takbo ng sandaigdigan refers to the laws of physics or existence.

Ang bawat hakbang ay may kaakibat na takbo ng damdamin.

Every step has an accompanying flow of emotion.

Takbo ng damdamin is a sophisticated psychological metaphor.

Sa bawat pagtakbo ng tinta sa papel, muling nabubuhay ang nakaraan.

With every run of ink on paper, the past comes alive again.

Literary use of pagtakbo describing the act of writing.

Hindi lamang ito basta pagtakbo; ito ay paghahanap ng kalayaan.

This is not just running; it is a search for freedom.

Philosophical distinction between literal and symbolic running.

Maging ang takbo ng hangin ay tila bumubulong ng kanyang pangalan.

Even the run (flow) of the wind seems to whisper her name.

Personification and poetic application of takbo.

Ang pagpapatakbo sa isang bansa ay nangangailangan ng higit sa talino.

Running a country requires more than just intelligence.

High-level political science application of the causative gerund.

Sa huli, ang takbo ng ating buhay ay tayo ang may katha.

In the end, we are the authors of the course of our lives.

Existential use of takbo ng buhay.

Common Collocations

Mabilis na takbo

Takbo ng oras

Takbo ng panahon

Takbo ng ekonomiya

Takbo ng isip

Takbo ng kwento

Takbo ng usapan

Patakbuhin ang makina

Takbong-kabayo

Takbo ng buhay

Common Phrases

Ano ang takbo?

— Literally 'What is the run?', used to ask 'How is it going?' or 'What's the status?'

Ano ang takbo ng ating plano?

Takbo na!

— A command meaning 'Run now!' or 'Let's go quickly!'

Takbo na, baka mahuli tayo!

Nasa takbo ng...

— Used to say something is 'in the process of' or 'along the lines of'.

Nasa takbo ng pagbabago ang aming kumpanya.

Mabagal ang takbo

— Refers to slow progress, slow traffic, or a slow story.

Mabagal ang takbo ng trapiko sa EDSA.

Takbo ng dugo

— Refers to blood circulation or the flow of blood.

Mahalaga ang maayos na takbo ng dugo.

Takbo ng balita

— The way news is spreading or the current headlines.

Mabilis ang takbo ng balita sa social media.

Lugar na takbuhan

— A place where people go for refuge or help.

Ang simbahan ay naging takbuhan ng mga nasalanta.

Takbo ng makina

— The sound or rhythm of a running engine.

Maingay ang takbo ng makina ng lumang kotse.

Takbo ng presyo

— The trend or movement of prices in the market.

Binabantayan namin ang takbo ng presyo ng bigas.

Takbo ng mundo

— The way the world works or the current global state.

Hindi natin mapipigilan ang takbo ng mundo.

Often Confused With

Takbo vs Lakad

English speakers use 'run' for errands, but Filipinos use 'lakad'.

Takbo vs Andar

'Andar' is for the function of a machine, 'takbo' is for the pace/progress.

Takbo vs Tako

'Tako' means fear/scare; the pronunciation is similar but the stress is different.

Idioms & Expressions

"Takbong mayaman"

— Running like a rich person. This refers to a slow, relaxed jog, often done for leisure rather than out of necessity.

Nag-takbong mayaman lang siya sa parke kanina.

Informal / Humorous

"Takbo ng isip"

— One's way of thinking or logical process. It describes the 'path' a person's thoughts take.

Minsan, mahirap unawain ang takbo ng isip niya.

Neutral

"Takbong-kabayo"

— To run very fast, like a horse. Usually used to describe extreme speed or racing pulses.

Takbong-kabayo ang kaba sa dibdib ko.

Descriptive

"Takbong-asul"

— A rare idiom referring to a run that is done with great nobility or for a high purpose.

Isang takbong-asul ang kanyang ginawa para sa bayan.

Literary

"Takbong-pusa"

— Running quietly and stealthily, like a cat. Used when someone is trying not to be noticed.

Takbong-pusa siyang pumasok sa kwarto.

Informal

"Takbong-dagat"

— A run that is consistent and rhythmic, like the waves of the sea.

Maayos ang kanyang takbong-dagat sa marathon.

Poetic

"Huling takbo"

— The final effort or the last chance in a situation. Often used in sports or competitions.

Ito na ang ating huling takbo para manalo.

Neutral

"Takbong-pagong"

— Running like a turtle. A sarcastic way to say someone is running very slowly.

Bakit takbong-pagong ka yata ngayon?

Informal / Sarcastic

"Takbo ng tadhana"

— The course of fate. The idea that events are unfolding according to a predetermined plan.

Sadyang mapaglaro ang takbo ng tadhana.

Literary / Common

"Walang takbo"

— Literally 'no run'. Used to describe a situation that is stagnant or a machine that is dead.

Walang takbo ang negosyo dahil sa pandemic.

Neutral

Easily Confused

Takbo vs Alis

Both imply leaving a place.

Alis is general leaving; takbo is physical running or extreme urgency.

Aalis ako (I will leave) vs Tatakbo ako (I will run).

Takbo vs Takas

Both involve running away.

Takas implies escaping from something bad or avoiding duty.

Tumakas siya sa kulungan (He escaped from jail).

Takbo vs Karera

Both relate to running fast.

Karera is a race or a career; takbo is the act of running itself.

Sali ka ba sa karera? (Are you joining the race?)

Takbo vs Galaw

Both mean movement.

Galaw is any movement; takbo is specifically running or operational flow.

Huwag kang ginalaw (Don't move).

Takbo vs Daloy

Both describe flow.

Daloy is for liquids or electricity; takbo is for people, machines, or time.

Maayos ang daloy ng tubig (The water flow is good).

Sentence Patterns

[Verb] ang [Subject].

Tumakbo ang pusa.

Mabilis ang takbo ng [Noun].

Mabilis ang takbo ng tren.

Si [Person] ang takbuhan ni [Person].

Si Maria ang takbuhan ni Juan.

Kumusta ang takbo ng [Abstract Noun]?

Kumusta ang takbo ng pulong?

Dahil sa [Reason], nagtakbuhan ang mga [Group].

Dahil sa lindol, nagtakbuhan ang mga tao.

Ang [Noun] ay sumasalamin sa takbo ng [Concept].

Ang sining ay sumasalamin sa takbo ng kasaysayan.

Tatakbo ako sa [Place].

Tatakbo ako sa eskwelahan.

Patakbuhin mo ang [Object].

Patakbuhin mo ang generator.

Word Family

Nouns

Pagtakbo (The act of running)

Takbuhan (Racetrack / Person to turn to)

Tagatakbo (Runner / Messenger)

Takbo (Pace / Run)

Verbs

Tumakbo (To run)

Patakbuhin (To make something run)

Magtakbuhan (To run together/scatter)

Takbuhan (To run towards something)

Ipapatakbo (To have something run by someone)

Adjectives

Matakbo (Fond of running / Fast runner)

Takbong-kabayo (Very fast)

Patakbo (In a running manner)

Lakad (Walk)

Alis (Leave)

Mabilis (Fast)

Hagibis (Velocity)

Andar (Operation)

How to Use It

frequency

Extremely high; it is one of the top 500 most used roots in Filipino.

Common Mistakes

Using 'takbo' for running water. → Use 'agos' or 'daloy'.
In Filipino, 'takbo' requires legs or a mechanical/abstract process. Water flows, it doesn't run.
Saying 'Tumakbo ako ng errands'. → Say 'Naglakad ako ng mga kailangang gawin' or 'May mga nilakad ako'.
Errands are associated with 'walking' (lakad) in Filipino culture, even if you drive.
Incorrect conjugation: 'Umtakbo'. → Tumakbo.
The '-um-' infix must be placed after the first consonant 't'.
Using 'tumakbo' for a business. → Use 'patakbuhin' or 'nagpapatakbo'.
A business doesn't physically run itself; someone 'makes it run' (causative).
Confusing 'takbo' with 'takas'. → Use 'takbo' for speed, 'takas' for escaping.
If you run away from a crime, you 'tumakas'. If you run for health, you 'tumakbo'.

Tips

Master the -um-

Always place '-um-' after the first consonant of 'takbo' for the actor focus. It's 't-um-akbo', never 'um-takbo'.

Errands vs. Running

Remember: 'Running errands' = 'Lakad'. 'Running a race' = 'Takbo'. This is the #1 mistake for English speakers.

Stress the End

Say tak-BO. If you say TAK-bo, people might think you are saying 'tako' (a billiard cue) or 'tako' (fear).

Political Run

If you hear 'tatakbo siya', check the context. It likely means they are entering a political race, not a marathon.

Refuge Person

Calling someone your 'takbuhan' is a high compliment. It means you trust them completely in times of crisis.

Identify the Tense

Listen for the 'ta-' at the start. 'Tatakbo' (Future) vs 'Tumatakbo' (Present). The extra 'um' makes the difference.

Compound Words

Use compound words like 'takbong-kabayo' to make your descriptions more vivid and native-sounding.

Train of Thought

Use 'takbo ng isip' when you want to explain how someone's logic works or why they made a decision.

Start vs. Run

Use 'patakbuhin' to start or manage a machine. 'Andar' is just to say it is currently on.

Life's Pace

When things are moving fast in life, say 'Mabilis ang takbo ng buhay'. It's a very common Filipino sentiment.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'TAK-BO' as 'Take a Bow' after you finish a long 'RUN'. The sound is similar, and the action of running leads to the bow at the finish line.

Visual Association

Imagine a pair of 'T' shaped legs 'K'icking a 'BO'at to make it 'RUN' across the water.

Word Web

Tumakbo Mabilis Oras Negosyo Takbuhan Patakbo Hagibis Karera

Challenge

Try to use 'takbo' in three different ways today: once for exercise, once for time, and once for how your work is going.

Word Origin

The word 'takbo' is of Austronesian origin, sharing roots with other Malayo-Polynesian languages. It has remained relatively stable in form throughout the history of the Tagalog language.

Original meaning: The original meaning specifically referred to the physical movement of legs at speed, likely derived from an onomatopoeic root mimicking the sound of footsteps.

Austronesian -> Malayo-Polynesian -> Philippine -> Central Philippine -> Tagalog

Cultural Context

Be careful when using 'tumakas' (to escape) as a synonym for 'tumakbo', as it implies criminal or irresponsible behavior.

English speakers often use 'run' for errands or water, which Filipino does not. Use 'lakad' for errands and 'daloy' for water flow.

The song 'Takbo' by Gloc-9, which discusses the struggles of life. The movie 'Takbo, Talon, Tili' (Run, Jump, Scream), a classic Filipino horror-comedy. The political slogan 'Takbo, [Name], Takbo!' used to urge candidates to run for office.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Exercise and Sports

Gusto kong tumakbo.
Mabilis siyang tumakbo.
Saan tayo tatakbo?
Pagod na akong tumakbo.

Office and Business

Kumusta ang takbo ng proyekto?
Sino ang nagpapatakbo nito?
Maayos ang takbo ng negosyo.
Kailangang pabilisin ang takbo.

Transportation

Mabilis ang takbo ng jeep.
Bakit mabagal ang takbo?
Ingatan ang takbo ng sasakyan.
Maayos ang takbo ng trapiko.

Storytelling and Media

Maganda ang takbo ng kwento.
Masyadong mabilis ang takbo.
Ano ang takbo ng pelikula?
Nagustuhan ko ang takbo nito.

Politics

Tatakbo ba siya bilang mayor?
Ang kanyang pagtakbo ay biglaan.
Sinu-sino ang tatakbo?
Suportahan natin ang kanyang pagtakbo.

Conversation Starters

"Tumatakbo ka ba tuwing umaga para mag-ehersisyo?"

"Kumusta ang takbo ng iyong trabaho ngayong linggo?"

"Sino sa tingin mo ang tatakbo sa susunod na eleksyon?"

"Nagustuhan mo ba ang takbo ng kwento sa napanood mong movie?"

"Mabilis ba ang takbo ng oras para sa iyo kapag masaya ka?"

Journal Prompts

Ilarawan ang takbo ng iyong tipikal na araw mula umaga hanggang gabi.

Ano ang iyong nararamdaman kapag ikaw ay tumatakbo sa ilalim ng ulan?

Sino ang iyong takbuhan kapag ikaw ay may mabigat na problema?

Kung ikaw ay tatakbo bilang isang lider, ano ang iyong unang gagawin?

Paano mo babaguhin ang takbo ng iyong buhay kung bibigyan ka ng pagkakataon?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, but you usually use the causative form 'pagpapatakbo' or 'nagpapatakbo'. For example, 'Siya ang nagpapatakbo ng kumpanya' (He is the one running the company).

No, Filipinos use 'agos' for river flow or 'daloy' for tap water. Using 'takbo' for water sounds like the water has legs!

'Tumakbo' is for one person or a group acting as one. 'Magtakbuhan' implies many people running in different directions or all at once, often in chaos.

Yes, this is a very common way to say 'Time is running' or 'Time is passing'.

You don't. You would say 'Naubusan ako ng pera'. 'Takbo' is not used for 'running out' of supplies.

It is both. As a root, it forms verbs like 'tumakbo'. As a noun, it means 'pace', 'run', or 'operation'.

It's a funny idiom for a very slow, relaxed jog, like someone who has no worries and is just running for fun.

Just shout 'Takbo!' It's the most common and effective way.

In the sense of a machine 'working' or 'functioning', yes. 'Tumatakbo ang relo' means 'The watch is working'.

It can be a racetrack, or more commonly, a person you always go to when you need help.