残疾 denotes a lasting physical or mental condition that limits normal functioning.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Refers to physical or mental impairments affecting life activities.
- Commonly used as a noun or a modifier for people.
- Formal and neutral term used in medical and social contexts.
Overview
“残疾”一词在现代汉语中是一个非常重要的词汇，它不仅描述了一种生理或心理的状态，更承载了深厚的社会保障和人文关怀意义。
- 1概述：从字面上看，“残”意为不完整、残缺，“疾”意为疾病。合在一起，“残疾”指由于先天性因素、后天疾病、意外伤害或衰老等原因，导致人的躯体、精神、智力或感官功能在不同程度上丧失，从而影响其正常参与社会生活的能力。它是一个中性词，但在使用时需要注意语气，以示对他人的尊重。
- 1使用模式：在语法上，“残疾”主要作为名词使用。它可以直接作主语或宾语，例如“他克服了残疾带来的困难”。更常见的是作为定语，出现在词组中，如“残疾人”、“残疾辅助器具”、“残疾等级”。常见的动词搭配包括“造成残疾”、“患有某种残疾”或“导致身体残疾”。
- 1常见语境：首先是法律与政策语境，如《残疾人保障法》，用于规定残疾人的合法权益。其次是医疗与康复语境，医生会评估患者的“残疾程度”以制定治疗计划。最后是社会公共服务语境，如商场或地铁里的“残疾人专用设施”。
- 1近义词辨析：最常混淆的是“伤残”和“缺陷”。“伤残”通常指因意外事故或战争导致的身体损伤，侧重于“伤”的过程，多用于保险理赔或工伤认定。而“缺陷”是一个更宽泛的概念，既可以指身体上的不足，也可以指性格、制度或产品上的不完美。相比之下，“残疾”更具专业性和社会属性，是目前最标准的称谓。
Examples
政府为残疾人提供了许多就业机会。
everydayThe government has provided many job opportunities for people with disabilities.
根据法律规定，残疾人享有平等的受教育权。
formalAccording to the law, disabled people enjoy equal rights to education.
他虽然有些残疾，但生活自理完全没问题。
informalAlthough he has some disabilities, he is perfectly capable of taking care of himself.
本研究旨在分析残疾对心理健康的影响。
academicThis study aims to analyze the impact of disability on mental health.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
残疾人奥林匹克运动会
Paralympic Games
先天性残疾
congenital disability
Often Confused With
Refers to any flaw or shortcoming, not limited to physical or mental health (e.g., character flaws or product defects).
Usually refers to injuries leading to disability, often used in insurance or legal compensation contexts.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
The word is neutral and formal. It is widely used in government documents, media, and medical reports. When speaking to or about someone, '残疾人' or '残障人士' is preferred to maintain respect.
Common Mistakes
Do not use '残疾' as a verb; use '致残' instead. Avoid using '残废' as it is highly offensive. Don't confuse '残疾' with '疾病' (temporary illness).
Tips
Use with 'Person' to refer to individuals
Always use '残疾人' (cánjírén) to refer to a person with a disability, rather than just using the noun alone.
Avoid the term 'Cánfèi'
Never use '残废' as it is considered offensive and implies the person is 'useless' or 'broken'.
Social Support in China
In China, the '残疾人联合会' (CDPF) is the main organization responsible for protecting the rights of disabled citizens.
Word Origin
'残' (cán) originally meant 'to damage' or 'incomplete'. '疾' (jí) originally meant 'sickness' or 'pain'. Together they describe a state of being permanently affected by impairment.
Cultural Context
In China, there is an increasing focus on '无障碍环境' (barrier-free environment) to support the disabled population. The term is central to social welfare discussions.
Memory Tip
Think of '残' as 'remaining/broken' and '疾' as 'illness'. It describes a 'remaining illness' that has left a permanent mark on the body.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions“残废”是一个过时的词汇，带有贬义和歧视色彩，暗示人失去了价值；而“残疾”是现代文明社会通用的中性词，强调功能障碍而非人的价值丧失。
在中文里，“残疾人”是正式且标准的称呼。在一些更具人文关怀的场合，也可以使用“残障人士”或“特殊人群”。
不是的。残疾包括视力残疾、听力残疾、言语残疾、肢体残疾、智力残疾、精神残疾以及多重残疾。
不可以。它通常作为名词或定语。如果想表达“使……残疾”，应该使用动词“致残”。
Test Yourself
为了方便___人士，商场安装了无障碍电梯。
“残疾人士”是固定搭配，指身体或精神上有障碍的人。
如何称呼身体有缺陷的人？
“残疾人”是法律和日常生活中最正式、最礼貌的称呼。
身体 / 尽管 / 残疾 / 他 / 依然 / 乐观 / 面对 / 生活
“尽管……依然……”是常用的让步转折句式，“身体残疾”作为背景描述。
Score: /3
Summary
残疾 denotes a lasting physical or mental condition that limits normal functioning.
- Refers to physical or mental impairments affecting life activities.
- Commonly used as a noun or a modifier for people.
- Formal and neutral term used in medical and social contexts.
Use with 'Person' to refer to individuals
Always use '残疾人' (cánjírén) to refer to a person with a disability, rather than just using the noun alone.
Avoid the term 'Cánfèi'
Never use '残废' as it is considered offensive and implies the person is 'useless' or 'broken'.
Social Support in China
In China, the '残疾人联合会' (CDPF) is the main organization responsible for protecting the rights of disabled citizens.
Examples
4 of 4政府为残疾人提供了许多就业机会。
The government has provided many job opportunities for people with disabilities.
根据法律规定，残疾人享有平等的受教育权。
According to the law, disabled people enjoy equal rights to education.
他虽然有些残疾，但生活自理完全没问题。
Although he has some disabilities, he is perfectly capable of taking care of himself.
本研究旨在分析残疾对心理健康的影响。
This study aims to analyze the impact of disability on mental health.
