A2 noun Neutral #1,500 most common 1 min read

姓名

xingming /xìng míng/
Practice it

Xìngmíng (姓名) is the full name used to identify a person.

Word in 30 Seconds

  • Full name used for identification.
  • Includes surname and given name.
  • Essential for official documents and communication.

Overview

“姓名”是汉语中表示一个人身份的常用词汇，通常由姓氏和名字组成。在中国文化中，姓名不仅仅是一个代号，有时也蕴含着父母的期望和祝福。它是在各种社会场合，如学校注册、工作面试、填写表格等，都需要提供的重要个人信息。

“姓名”主要用作名词，指代一个人的全名。它可以单独使用，也可以与“名字”、“姓氏”等词搭配使用。在日常交流中，人们会询问“你叫什么名字？”，这里的“名字”有时也泛指“姓名”。在正式场合，如填写表格、办理证件时，则会明确要求填写“姓名”。

文件记录：请在文件上签上您的姓名。

“名字”通常指姓名中的名部分，但有时也泛指姓名。例如，“你的名字是什么？”可以指全名。

“姓氏”特指家族传承的姓，是姓名的一部分。例如，“王”是姓，“伟”是名。

“称呼”是指在特定关系或场合下对人的叫法，可以是姓名，也可以是职务、昵称等。例如，“老师”是一种称呼，而“李老师”则包含了姓名。

Examples

1

请在这里填写您的姓名。

everyday

Please fill in your full name here.

2

您的姓名是？

formal

What is your full name?

3

我叫小明，我的姓名是张三。

informal

I'm called Xiao Ming, my full name is Zhang San.

4

研究人员需要记录所有参与者的姓名。

academic

Researchers need to record the names of all participants.

Common Collocations

填写姓名 Fill in name
本人姓名 One's own name
真实姓名 Real name

Common Phrases

您的姓名是？

What is your name?

填写姓名

Fill in name

真实姓名

Real name

Often Confused With

姓名 vs 名字

While '名字' can sometimes refer to the full name in casual conversation, it technically refers to the given name (the part after the surname). '姓名' is always the complete name.

姓名 vs 姓氏

'姓氏' specifically refers to the family name or surname, which is only one part of the full '姓名'.

Grammar Patterns

（主语）+ 的 + 姓名 + 是 + （姓名） 请 + 填写/写 + 姓名 （某人）+ 的 + 姓名 + 叫 + （姓名）

How to Use It

Usage Notes

“姓名” is a neutral to formal term. It is the standard word used when referring to someone's full name, especially in official contexts like filling out forms, identification, or legal documents. In very casual conversation, people might use '名字' (míngzi) to refer to a full name, but '姓名' is always appropriate and more precise.

Common Mistakes

Learners might sometimes use '名字' (míngzi) when '姓名' (xìngmíng) is expected in formal settings. Also, confusing the order of surname and given name can be an issue, though this is more about cultural understanding than the word itself.

Tips

💡

Remember Both Parts

Always try to remember both the surname and the given name when referring to someone's full name in Chinese.

⚠️

Formal vs. Informal

While '名字' can sometimes mean 'full name' informally, '姓名' is the more formal and precise term for official use.

🌍

Naming Conventions

Chinese names typically follow the order of Surname + Given Name. Understanding this order is key.

Word Origin

The word '姓名' is a compound word. '姓' (xìng) originally referred to the maternal clan name in ancient China, while '名' (míng) referred to the personal name given at birth. Over time, they combined to represent the full name.

Cultural Context

In Chinese culture, a person's name is considered very important and is often chosen with care, reflecting family lineage, aspirations, or auspicious meanings. The surname is passed down through generations, while the given name is unique to the individual.

Memory Tip

Think of '姓' (xìng) as your family's 'sign' and '名' (míng) as your personal 'name'. Together, '姓名' is your full identification.

Frequently Asked Questions

4 questions

“姓名”通常指一个人的全名，包括姓和名。而“名字”有时仅指名，但口语中也常用来泛指姓名。

是的，外国人也有自己的姓名，用于在中国的身份识别和交流。只是他们的姓名构成和顺序可能与中国人不同。

通常情况下，表格要求填写“姓名”时，指的是完整的名字，即姓和名都要写上。

在中国文化中，姓名不仅是身份标识，还承载着家族传承、父母期望等意义，具有一定的文化内涵。

Test Yourself

fill blank

请在表格上写下您的______。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: a

表格通常要求填写完整的个人身份信息，因此“姓名”是最合适的词。

multiple choice

以下哪个词最能准确表示一个人的全名？

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: b

“姓名”是专指一个人的全名，包括姓和名。

sentence building

我的 / 姓名 / 是 / 李华

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: a

这是最自然、最符合中文语法的句子结构。

Score: /3

Related Content

This Word in Other Languages

氏名 Japanese
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