The word '恶性' describes a condition that is not only bad but also developing negatively and potentially dangerously.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Describes something bad and harmful.
- Often implies a negative development trend.
- Used in medicine, economy, and social contexts.
Overview
“恶性” (è xìng) 是一个常用的中文词汇，属于形容词。它主要用来描述事物朝着非常坏、有害、甚至危及生命的方向发展。这个词带有强烈的负面色彩，强调情况的严重性和不良后果。它最常用于医学领域，指代难以治愈且扩散迅速的疾病，但其应用范围也扩展到了社会、经济、竞争等多个方面。
“恶性”通常用作定语，修饰名词，例如“恶性肿瘤”、“恶性循环”、“恶性竞争”。它也可以用作谓语，但相对较少，例如“情况正在恶性发展”。在搭配时，“恶性”后面常接名词，表示一种不良的性质或状态。
医学领域：这是“恶性”最常见的应用场景，如“恶性肿瘤”（malignant tumor）、“恶性疾病”（malignant disease）。这里强调的是疾病的侵袭性、转移性和治疗的困难性。
经济与商业：用于描述不健康的经济状况或竞争，如“恶性通货膨胀”（vicious inflation）、“恶性价格竞争”（cutthroat price competition）。强调的是破坏性和不可持续性。
社会与人际关系：可以用来形容不良的互动模式或社会现象，如“恶性循环”（vicious cycle）、“恶性事件”（vicious incident）。强调的是负面影响的不断加剧。
体育竞技：有时也用于描述过于激烈、不择手段的竞争，如“恶性犯规”（vicious foul）。
“坏”是最基础的表示负面意义的词，可以形容事物、人、行为等。它的范围很广，但程度和具体含义不如“恶性”明确。“恶性”特指朝着坏的方向发展，且情况严重。
“恶劣”也是一个形容词，表示情况非常坏、糟糕。但它通常用来形容环境、天气、态度、行为等，侧重于性质的坏和让人不舒服，不如“恶性”那样强调发展的趋势和潜在的危险性。例如，“天气恶劣”、“态度恶劣”。
“严重”表示情况重大、不好。“恶性”包含“严重”的意思，但更强调其负面发展趋势和潜在的危害性。例如，“病情严重”可以说，但“恶性”通常用于更具体的、有负面发展趋势的语境，如“恶性病变”。
Examples
医生诊断出他患有恶性肿瘤，情况很不乐观。
everydayThe doctor diagnosed him with a malignant tumor; the situation is not optimistic.
过度的信贷扩张可能引发恶性通货膨胀。
formalExcessive credit expansion may trigger vicious inflation.
这两家公司为了抢占市场，进行了恶性的价格战。
informalThe two companies engaged in a vicious price war to capture market share.
研究表明，负面新闻的传播可能导致社会心态的恶性循环。
academicResearch indicates that the spread of negative news can lead to a vicious cycle in social sentiment.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
恶性肿瘤
malignant tumor
恶性循环
vicious cycle
恶性竞争
vicious competition
Often Confused With
'恶劣' describes a bad state or quality (like weather, attitude), focusing on unpleasantness. '恶性' focuses on a harmful, negative development or trend, often with severe consequences.
'严重' simply means serious or severe. '恶性' implies seriousness *plus* a negative and harmful progression, often used in medical or systemic contexts.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
The term '恶性' carries a strong negative connotation and implies a harmful progression. It is frequently used in formal contexts, particularly in medicine, economics, and social commentary. Avoid using it for minor inconveniences or simple bad situations; reserve it for cases where there's a clear negative trend or significant potential harm.
Common Mistakes
Confusing '恶性' with '恶劣' or '严重'. While related, '恶性' specifically points to a negative development trend. Using '恶性' to describe something merely unpleasant or bad without the element of progression can be inaccurate.
Tips
Focus on Negative Trend
Remember '恶性' emphasizes a negative development or trend, not just a bad state.
Avoid Overuse in Casual Talk
While useful, '恶性' can sound very strong. Consider simpler words for minor negative situations.
Medical Context is Primary
The most common and serious use of '恶性' is in describing malignant diseases, highlighting its strong negative connotation.
Word Origin
The character '恶' means bad, evil, or dislike. '性' means nature or quality. Together, '恶性' describes a nature or quality that is inherently bad and often implies a tendency to develop negatively.
Cultural Context
In Chinese culture, as in many others, terms denoting malignancy or severe negative conditions are treated with seriousness. The use of '恶性' in medical contexts reflects a deep understanding of disease progression and its impact on individuals and families.
Memory Tip
Think of '恶' (evil/bad) and '性' (nature/quality). '恶性' describes an evil or bad nature that is actively developing or progressing in a harmful way.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions“恶性” (malignant) 和“良性” (benign) 是一对反义词，常用于医学领域。良性通常指肿瘤生长缓慢，不扩散，危害较小；而恶性则指生长迅速，易侵袭和转移，危害大。
除了医学，“恶性”也可以用在描述经济、竞争、社会现象等方面。例如，“恶性循环”指一种不断自我强化的不良循环，“恶性竞争”指不择手段、损害行业的竞争。
是的，“恶性”带有强烈的负面和危险意味。它通常描述的是一种朝着坏的方向发展，并且后果可能很严重的情况，需要引起重视。
在日常口语中，直接使用“恶性”的频率可能不如在书面语或特定领域（如新闻报道、医学讨论）中高。但像“恶性循环”这样的词组是比较常见的。
Test Yourself
这种病毒传播速度很快，而且对人体有很大的危害，是一种______疾病。
根据题意，这种疾病传播快且危害大，符合“恶性”的描述。
持续的价格下跌导致企业陷入困境，这是一种______。
“恶性循环”指一种不断自我强化的不良循环，符合题目描述的负面发展趋势。
请将以下词语组成一个通顺的句子：恶性 / 竞争 / 导致 / 行业 / 混乱
“恶性竞争”是固定搭配，表示不健康的竞争方式，它会“导致”结果“行业混乱”。
Score: /3
Summary
The word '恶性' describes a condition that is not only bad but also developing negatively and potentially dangerously.
- Describes something bad and harmful.
- Often implies a negative development trend.
- Used in medicine, economy, and social contexts.
Focus on Negative Trend
Remember '恶性' emphasizes a negative development or trend, not just a bad state.
Avoid Overuse in Casual Talk
While useful, '恶性' can sound very strong. Consider simpler words for minor negative situations.
Medical Context is Primary
The most common and serious use of '恶性' is in describing malignant diseases, highlighting its strong negative connotation.
Examples
4 of 4医生诊断出他患有恶性肿瘤，情况很不乐观。
The doctor diagnosed him with a malignant tumor; the situation is not optimistic.
过度的信贷扩张可能引发恶性通货膨胀。
Excessive credit expansion may trigger vicious inflation.
这两家公司为了抢占市场，进行了恶性的价格战。
The two companies engaged in a vicious price war to capture market share.
研究表明，负面新闻的传播可能导致社会心态的恶性循环。
Research indicates that the spread of negative news can lead to a vicious cycle in social sentiment.
