恶性 en 30 secondes
- 恶性 means malignant, vicious, or destructive.
- Used for severe, harmful, and worsening conditions.
- Common in medicine (malignant tumors) and for negative cycles (vicious cycles).
- Meaning
- The word '恶性' (èxìng) is an adjective that means 'malignant', 'virulent', or 'vicious'. It describes something that is harmful, destructive, and tends to worsen over time, often with severe or fatal consequences.
- Usage
- '恶性' is commonly used in medical contexts to describe diseases that are severe and likely to spread or be fatal, such as '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor). It can also be used to describe negative trends or behaviors that are destructive and difficult to control, like '恶性循环' (vicious cycle) or '恶性竞争' (vicious competition). In a broader sense, it can refer to anything that is intensely negative and harmful.
The doctor diagnosed the patient with a 恶性 tumor, which required immediate treatment.
The company's aggressive pricing strategy led to a period of 恶性 competition.
The rapid spread of the virus created an 恶性 epidemic.
- Medical Context
- In medicine, '恶性' is a critical term. It distinguishes dangerous, aggressive conditions from less severe ones. For instance, a '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor), also known as cancer, is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. This is in contrast to a '良性' (liángxìng) or benign tumor, which is generally not cancerous and does not spread.
- Economic and Social Context
- Beyond medicine, '恶性' is used to describe self-perpetuating negative cycles. A '恶性循环' (vicious cycle) is a situation where a series of events makes a problem worse and worse, often without an easy solution. For example, a decline in economic activity can lead to job losses, which in turn reduces consumer spending, further worsening the economy. '恶性竞争' (vicious competition) refers to a situation where businesses engage in destructive practices to gain an advantage, often harming the entire industry or consumers.
- Behavioral Context
- The term can also describe harmful or destructive behaviors. For example, '恶性暴力' (vicious violence) refers to extremely brutal or cruel acts. It implies a level of intensity and destructiveness that goes beyond simple negativity.
- Medical Applications
- In medical contexts, '恶性' is used to describe serious conditions, primarily tumors. It's crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. For example, a doctor might say, '我们发现了一个恶性的病变' (Wǒmen fāxiànle yīgè èxìng de bìngbiàn - We discovered a malignant lesion). This immediately signals a serious health concern that requires urgent attention. The opposite, '良性' (liángxìng), means benign. So, '恶性肿瘤' (èxìng zhǒngliú) is a malignant tumor (cancer), while '良性肿瘤' (liángxìng zhǒngliú) is a benign tumor.
- Economic and Social Phenomena
- '恶性' is frequently used to describe detrimental cycles or behaviors in economics and society. A '恶性循环' (èxìng xúnhuán) is a vicious cycle. For instance, '经济衰退导致失业增加，这又进一步加剧了经济的恶性循环' (Jīngjì shuāituì dǎozhì shīyè zēngjiā, zhè yòu jìnyībù jiājùle jīngjì de èxìng xúnhuán - Economic recession leads to increased unemployment, which further exacerbates the vicious cycle of the economy). Similarly, '恶性竞争' (èxìng jìngzhēng) describes cutthroat competition where companies engage in harmful practices. '他们的恶性竞争导致了整个行业的利润下滑' (Tāmen de èxìng jìngzhēng dǎozhìle zhěnggè hángyè de lìrùn xiàhuá - Their vicious competition led to a decline in profits for the entire industry).
- Describing Negative Trends or Behaviors
- The adjective can also describe anything intensely negative or destructive. For example, '恶性膨胀' (èxìng péngzhàng) refers to rampant inflation that is difficult to control. '通货恶性膨胀' (Tōnghuò èxìng péngzhàng - Hyperinflation) is a severe economic problem. You might also hear about '恶性事件' (èxìng shìjiàn), meaning a vicious incident or a particularly harmful event. '警方正在调查这起恶性伤人事件' (Jǐngfāng zhèngzài diàochá zhè qǐ èxìng shāngrén shìjiàn - The police are investigating this vicious assault incident).
The spread of misinformation online can create an 恶性 cycle of distrust.
Without proper intervention, the situation could devolve into a 恶性 situation.
- Medical News and Discussions
- You will frequently encounter '恶性' in news reports and discussions about health. When a journalist reports on a new disease outbreak or a significant medical discovery, they might use '恶性' to describe the severity of a condition. For example, a news segment might state, '专家警告说，这种新变种可能导致更严重的恶性感染' (Zhuānjiā jǐnggào shuō, zhè zhǒng xīn biànzhǒng kěnéng dǎozhì gèng yánzhòng de èxìng gǎnrǎn - Experts warn that this new variant could lead to more severe malignant infections). Medical professionals, during lectures or patient consultations, will also use this term to explain diagnoses. The distinction between '恶性' and '良性' is fundamental in oncology and pathology.
- Economic and Financial Analysis
- Economists, financial analysts, and business commentators often use '恶性' to describe damaging economic trends. Discussions about stock market crashes, currency devaluations, or business cycles might involve phrases like '恶性的经济衰退' (èxìng de jīngjì shuāituì - vicious economic recession) or '防止恶性通货膨胀' (fángzhǐ èxìng tōnghuò péngzhàng - prevent vicious inflation). News outlets covering business and finance will regularly employ this term when explaining complex economic problems and their potential consequences. For instance, a report might say, '政府正努力阻止恶性的债务循环' (Zhèngfǔ zhèng nǔlì zǔzhǐ èxìng de zhàiwù xúnhuán - The government is working hard to prevent a vicious debt cycle).
- Social Commentary and News
- In broader social contexts, '恶性' can describe harmful behaviors or events. When reporting on crime, social unrest, or public safety issues, you might hear about '恶性暴力事件' (èxìng bàolì shìjiàn - vicious violent incident) or '恶性的社会冲突' (èxìng de shèhuì chōngtū - vicious social conflict). Environmental discussions might also use it, for example, to describe '恶性的环境污染' (èxìng de huánjìng wūrǎn - vicious environmental pollution) if it's particularly severe and damaging. Public service announcements or awareness campaigns might use it to highlight serious dangers.
The news reported on a 恶性 traffic accident that caused multiple fatalities.
Economists are concerned about the possibility of a 恶性 deflationary spiral.
- Confusing '恶性' with general negativity
- A common mistake for learners is to use '恶性' to describe any negative or bad situation. However, '恶性' implies a specific kind of negativity: it's severe, destructive, and often tends to worsen or spread. For example, saying '天气很恶性' (Tiānqì hěn èxìng - The weather is vicious) would be incorrect. You would say '天气很坏' (Tiānqì hěn huài - The weather is bad) or '天气很糟糕' (Tiānqì hěn zāogāo - The weather is terrible). '恶性' is reserved for more serious implications.
- Incorrectly applying '恶性' to neutral or positive concepts
- It's vital to remember that '恶性' is exclusively negative and severe. Using it to describe something that is merely undesirable or inconvenient, but not inherently destructive or rapidly worsening, would be a mistake. For instance, describing a slightly annoying delay as '恶性的延误' (èxìng de yánwù - vicious delay) is inappropriate. A better term would be '严重的延误' (yánzhòng de yánwù - serious delay) or simply '延误' (yánwù - delay).
- Overusing '恶性' in informal speech
- While '恶性' is a powerful word, it carries a formal and serious tone. Overusing it in casual, everyday conversations can sound overly dramatic or even alarmist. For instance, describing a minor disagreement with a friend as '恶性的争吵' (èxìng de zhēngchǎo - vicious quarrel) might be an exaggeration. More common terms like '激烈的争吵' (jīliè de zhēngchǎo - heated argument) or simply '争吵' (zhēngchǎo - quarrel) would be more suitable for informal settings.
- Confusing it with '恶意' (èyì)
- Learners might sometimes confuse '恶性' (èxìng - malignant/vicious) with '恶意' (èyì - malice/malicious intent). While both have '恶' (è - evil/bad), they function differently. '恶性' is an adjective describing a quality or nature (e.g., a malignant tumor). '恶意' is often used as a noun or adverb to describe intent (e.g., '出于恶意' - out of malice). For example, you would say '他恶意地攻击了我' (Tā èyì de gōngjíle wǒ - He maliciously attacked me), not '他恶性地攻击了我' (Tā èxìng de gōngjíle wǒ).
Incorrect: The traffic was 恶性.
Correct: The traffic was terrible (交通很糟糕 jiāotōng hěn zāogāo).
- '恶劣' (èliè) - Bad/Harsh
- '恶劣' is a common adjective meaning 'bad', 'harsh', or 'terrible'. It's often used to describe weather, environments, or conditions. While both words start with '恶' (è), '恶劣' is generally less severe than '恶性'. For example, '恶劣的天气' (èliè de tiānqì) means 'bad weather', which is common. '恶性天气' would imply a weather phenomenon that is dangerously destructive and worsening, like a superstorm.
- '严重' (yánzhòng) - Serious/Severe
- '严重' means 'serious' or 'severe'. It's a very versatile word used for a wide range of negative situations, from '严重的错误' (yánzhòng de cuòwù - serious mistake) to '严重的疾病' (yánzhòng de jíbìng - serious illness). While a '恶性' condition is always '严重', not all '严重' conditions are '恶性'. '严重' describes the degree of seriousness, whereas '恶性' describes the destructive and worsening nature.
- '剧烈' (jùliè) - Intense/Violent
- '剧烈' means 'intense', 'violent', or 'fierce'. It's often used to describe physical sensations or actions. For instance, '剧烈的疼痛' (jùliè de téngtòng) is 'intense pain', and '剧烈的运动' (jùliè de yùndòng) is 'strenuous exercise'. It can overlap with '恶性' when describing violence, but '恶性' focuses more on the destructive and worsening quality, whereas '剧烈' focuses on the intensity of the action or sensation itself.
- '有害' (yǒuhài) - Harmful
- '有害' simply means 'harmful'. It's a more general term. A '恶性' condition is certainly '有害', but '有害' can also describe less severe things. For example, '吸烟有害健康' (Xīyān yǒuhài jiànkāng - Smoking is harmful to health) is a common phrase. '恶性' implies a greater degree of danger and destructiveness.
- '破坏性' (pòhuàixìng) - Destructive
- '破坏性' means 'destructive'. This word directly captures one aspect of '恶性'. However, '恶性' often carries the additional implication of worsening or spreading, especially in medical contexts. Something can be '破坏性' without necessarily being '恶性' in the sense of a disease that is rapidly progressing and hard to control.
Comparison: '恶性' vs '恶劣' Weather: 恶劣的天气 (bad weather) Disease: 恶性肿瘤 (malignant tumor)
Comparison: '恶性' vs '严重' Serious illness: 严重的疾病 (serious illness) Malignant illness: 恶性疾病 (malignant illness - implies it's worsening and spreading)
How Formal Is It?
Le savais-tu ?
The character '恶' itself has a complex history. In its original form, it depicted a person with a fierce expression, conveying anger or ferocity. Over time, its meaning expanded to include general badness and evil. The combination with '性' created a specific term for a destructive or malignant nature.
Guide de prononciation
- Incorrectly pronouncing the tones: Confusing the falling tone of 'è' with a flat or rising tone, or misplacing the rising tone on 'xìng'.
- Not clearly articulating the 'ng' sound at the end of 'xìng'.
- Pronouncing 'è' too softly or without the characteristic falling intonation.
- Using an English 'x' sound instead of the Chinese 'x' sound, which is produced further forward in the mouth with the tongue tip behind the lower teeth.
Niveau de difficulté
The word '恶性' itself is relatively simple in structure, but its meaning is strong and specific. Learners might encounter it in complex medical, economic, or social contexts, which can increase reading difficulty. Understanding the nuances and collocations is key for accurate comprehension.
Using '恶性' correctly in writing requires a good grasp of its specific meanings and appropriate contexts. Overuse or misuse can lead to sounding overly dramatic or incorrect. Learners need to be mindful of its serious connotation and pair it with suitable nouns.
Pronunciation of the tones is crucial for '恶性'. While the meaning is strong, learners might hesitate to use it in spontaneous speech due to its serious implications and the need for precise context. Practicing its usage in various sentence structures is recommended.
When heard, '恶性' can signal the importance and severity of the topic being discussed. Its distinct pronunciation and strong meaning make it recognizable, but understanding the context in which it's used is vital for full comprehension, especially in fast-paced conversations or news reports.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Adjective + 的 + Noun: '恶性' often precedes a noun it modifies, usually with the particle '的' (de) if it's used predicatively or in a more descriptive phrase.
这是一个恶性肿瘤。(Zhè shì yīgè èxìng zhǒngliú. - This is a malignant tumor.)
Subject + 是 + 恶性: Used predicatively to state that something is malignant or vicious.
他的病情是恶性的。(Tā de bìngqíng shì èxìng de. - His condition is malignant.)
Verb + 恶性 + Noun: Verbs can directly act upon nouns that are described as '恶性'.
我们需要阻止恶性循环。(Wǒmen xūyào zǔzhǐ èxìng xúnhuán. - We need to stop the vicious cycle.)
Adverbial use: While primarily an adjective, '恶性' can sometimes imply an adverbial quality when describing a manner.
情况正恶性发展。(Qíngkuàng zhèng èxìng fāzhǎn. - The situation is developing viciously/maliciously.) *Note: This usage is less common and might be considered more advanced or figurative.*
Comparison with '的': When '恶性' functions as a descriptor directly before a noun, '的' is often omitted in formal or concise writing, but it's generally included in everyday speech for clarity.
恶性肿瘤 (formal) vs. 恶性的肿瘤 (common speech).
Exemples par niveau
这是一个恶性的疾病。
This is a malignant disease.
他们正在和恶性的病毒斗争。
They are fighting a vicious virus.
情况变得越来越恶性。
The situation is becoming increasingly vicious.
这种竞争是恶性的。
This competition is vicious.
我们需要阻止恶性的增长。
We need to stop the malignant growth.
它是一种恶性的情况。
It is a vicious situation.
这个词意味着非常坏。
This word means very bad.
我们不能让恶性的影响扩散。
We cannot let the vicious influence spread.
医生诊断出病人患有恶性肿瘤。
The doctor diagnosed the patient with a malignant tumor.
'肿瘤' (zhǒngliú) means tumor.
这种恶性的竞争对整个行业都不利。
This vicious competition is detrimental to the entire industry.
'竞争' (jìngzhēng) means competition. '不利' (bùlì) means unfavorable/detrimental.
经济陷入了一个恶性循环。
The economy fell into a vicious cycle.
'经济' (jīngjì) means economy. '循环' (xúnhuán) means cycle.
必须尽快控制住这种恶性的疫情。
This virulent epidemic must be controlled as soon as possible.
'疫情' (yìqíng) means epidemic.
他的行为带有明显的恶性。
His behavior has clear maliciousness.
'行为' (xíngwéi) means behavior.
这种恶性的谣言正在传播。
These vicious rumors are spreading.
'谣言' (yáoyán) means rumor.
我们需要找到解决这个恶性问题的办法。
We need to find a way to solve this vicious problem.
'办法' (bànfǎ) means method/way.
这是一种恶性的生长，需要立即治疗。
This is a malignant growth that requires immediate treatment.
'生长' (shēngzhǎng) means growth. '治疗' (zhìliáo) means treatment.
医生必须尽快手术切除恶性肿瘤。
The doctor must operate as soon as possible to remove the malignant tumor.
'手术' (shǒushù) means surgery. '切除' (qiēchú) means to remove/excise.
公司之间的恶性竞争导致了价格战。
Vicious competition between companies led to a price war.
'价格战' (jiàgé zhàn) means price war.
为了打破恶性循环，我们需要外部援助。
To break the vicious cycle, we need external aid.
'打破' (dǎpò) means to break. '外部援助' (wàibù yuánzhù) means external aid.
专家们正在研究如何遏制这种恶性疾病的传播。
Experts are studying how to curb the spread of this virulent disease.
'遏制' (èzhì) means to curb/contain. '传播' (chuánbō) means spread.
他的言论充满了恶性，意图制造分裂。
His statements were full of malice, intending to create division.
'言论' (yánlùn) means speech/remarks. '意图' (yìtú) means intention. '分裂' (fēnliè) means division.
网络上充斥着关于该事件的恶性谣言。
The internet is flooded with vicious rumors about the incident.
'充斥着' (chōngchìzhe) means to be filled with. '关于' (guānyú) means about.
这个问题非常棘手，如果不解决，可能会导致更恶性的后果。
This problem is very tricky; if not resolved, it could lead to more vicious consequences.
'棘手' (jíshǒu) means tricky/difficult. '后果' (hòuguǒ) means consequences.
这种恶性的细胞增殖是癌症的典型特征。
This malignant cell proliferation is a typical characteristic of cancer.
'细胞增殖' (xìbāo zēngzhí) means cell proliferation. '典型特征' (diǎnxíng tèzhēng) means typical characteristic.
医生建议立即进行手术以清除可能存在的恶性病变。
The doctor recommended immediate surgery to remove the potentially malignant lesion.
'建议' (jiànyì) means recommend. '可能存在的' (kěnéng cúnzài de) means potentially existing.
无序的恶性竞争损害了整个行业的健康发展。
Disorderly vicious competition has harmed the healthy development of the entire industry.
'无序的' (wúxù de) means disorderly. '损害' (sǔnhài) means to harm. '健康发展' (jiànkāng fāzhǎn) means healthy development.
必须采取强有力的措施来打破这种经济上的恶性循环。
Strong measures must be taken to break this economic vicious cycle.
'采取' (cǎiqǔ) means to take (measures). '强有力的措施' (qiángyǒulì de cuòshī) means strong measures.
公共卫生部门正努力追踪和控制这种恶性传染病的蔓延。
Public health departments are working hard to track and control the spread of this virulent infectious disease.
'公共卫生部门' (gōnggòng wèishēng bùmén) means public health departments. '追踪' (zhuīzōng) means to track. '传染病' (chuánrǎnbìng) means infectious disease. '蔓延' (mànyán) means spread/proliferation.
他的每一次发言都充满了恶意的攻击，旨在激化矛盾。
Every statement he made was full of malicious attacks, aimed at intensifying conflicts.
'每一次发言' (měi yī cì fāyán) means every statement. '旨在' (zhǐ zài) means aimed at. '激化矛盾' (jīhuà máodùn) means to intensify conflicts.
社交媒体上充斥着关于政治人物的恶性诽谤。
Social media is rife with vicious slander against political figures.
'社交媒体' (shèjiāo méitǐ) means social media. '诽谤' (fěibàng) means slander.
如果不及时干预，这种社会问题可能会演变成一场恶性的危机。
If not intervened in time, this social problem could escalate into a vicious crisis.
'及时干预' (jíshí gānyù) means timely intervention. '演变成' (yǎnbiàn chéng) means to evolve into/escalate into. '危机' (wēijī) means crisis.
这种恶性的基因突变是导致罕见遗传病的根本原因。
This malignant gene mutation is the root cause of the rare genetic disease.
'基因突变' (jīyīn tūbiàn) means gene mutation. '罕见遗传病' (hǎnjiàn yíchuán bìng) means rare genetic disease. '根本原因' (gēnběn yuányīn) means root cause.
病理学家对样本进行详细分析，以确定是否存在恶性细胞。
Pathologists conducted a detailed analysis of the sample to determine if malignant cells were present.
'病理学家' (bìnglǐ xuéjiā) means pathologist. '样本' (yàngběn) means sample. '确定' (quèdìng) means to determine.
企业间无休止的恶性竞争已经严重侵蚀了行业的利润空间。
The endless vicious competition between enterprises has severely eroded the industry's profit margins.
'企业' (qǐyè) means enterprise/company. '无休止的' (wúxiūzhǐ de) means endless. '侵蚀' (qīnshí) means to erode. '利润空间' (lìrùn kōngjiān) means profit margin.
政府正试图通过一系列财政政策来打破通货膨胀的恶性循环。
The government is attempting to break the vicious cycle of inflation through a series of fiscal policies.
'财政政策' (cáizhèng zhèngcè) means fiscal policy. '通货膨胀' (tōnghuò péngzhàng) means inflation.
这种新的病毒株表现出极强的传染性和潜在的恶性。
This new strain of the virus exhibits extreme contagiousness and potential malignancy.
'病毒株' (bìngdú zhū) means virus strain. '传染性' (chuánrǎnxìng) means contagiousness. '潜在的' (qiánzài de) means potential.
他善于利用他人的弱点，其言辞中常常流露出恶意的操纵。
He is adept at exploiting others' weaknesses, and his words often reveal malicious manipulation.
'善于' (shànyú) means to be good at. '弱点' (ruòdiǎn) means weakness. '流露出' (liúlù chū) means to reveal. '操纵' (cāozòng) means manipulation.
网络上的虚假信息和恶性攻击对公众舆论造成了严重扭曲。
Fake news and vicious attacks on the internet have caused serious distortion of public opinion.
'虚假信息' (xūjiǎ xìnxī) means fake information. '公众舆论' (gōngzhòng yúlùn) means public opinion. '扭曲' (niǔqū) means distortion.
如果不加以控制，这种环境污染将可能发展成一场生态系统的恶性崩溃。
If not controlled, this environmental pollution could develop into a vicious collapse of the ecosystem.
'加以控制' (jiāyǐ kòngzhì) means to control. '生态系统' (shēngtài xìtǒng) means ecosystem. '崩溃' (bēngkuì) means collapse.
研究表明，某些基因序列的恶性变异是导致癌症发生的主要因素之一。
Research indicates that malignant mutations in certain gene sequences are one of the main factors contributing to the occurrence of cancer.
'基因序列' (jīyīn xùliè) means gene sequence. '变异' (biànyì) means mutation. '发生' (fāshēng) means occurrence.
病理学家通过显微镜检查，对肿瘤的恶性程度进行了精确评估。
Pathologists performed a precise assessment of the tumor's malignancy through microscopic examination.
'显微镜检查' (xiǎnwēijìng jiǎnchá) means microscopic examination. '程度' (chéngdù) means degree/level. '精确评估' (jīngquè pínggū) means precise assessment.
金融市场充斥着投机行为，这种恶性的竞争环境使得风险管理变得尤为关键。
The financial markets are rife with speculative behavior, and this vicious competitive environment makes risk management particularly crucial.
'投机行为' (tóujī xíngwéi) means speculative behavior. '风险管理' (fēngxiǎn guǎnlǐ) means risk management. '尤为关键' (yóuwéi guānjiàn) means particularly crucial.
央行正面临一项艰巨的任务，即如何有效干预并打破持续的通货紧缩恶性循环。
The central bank faces a formidable task in effectively intervening and breaking the persistent deflationary vicious cycle.
'央行' (yāngháng) means central bank. '艰巨的任务' (jiānjù de rènwù) means formidable task. '通货紧缩' (tōnghuò jǐnsuō) means deflation.
对这种新型病毒的基因组学分析揭示了其潜在的恶性传播机制。
Genomic analysis of this novel virus has revealed its potentially malignant transmission mechanisms.
'基因组学分析' (jīyīnzǔxué fēnxī) means genomic analysis. '揭示了' (jiēshìle) means has revealed. '传播机制' (chuánbō jīzhì) means transmission mechanism.
在网络信息战中，恶意攻击和虚假叙事往往被用来制造社会的分裂和混乱。
In cyber information warfare, malicious attacks and false narratives are often used to create social division and chaos.
'网络信息战' (wǎngluò xìnxī zhàn) means cyber information warfare. '虚假叙事' (xūjiǎ xùshì) means false narrative. '混乱' (hùnluàn) means chaos.
公众对某些政治人物的负面看法，很大程度上是由于媒体持续进行的恶性诋毁。
The negative perception of certain political figures by the public is largely due to the media's continuous malicious vilification.
'负面看法' (fùmiàn kànfǎ) means negative perception. '很大程度上' (hěn dà chéngdù shàng) means to a large extent. '诋毁' (dǐhuǐ) means vilification/calumny.
不可持续的资源开发模式可能导致不可逆转的生态系统的恶性退化。
Unsustainable resource development models may lead to irreversible, vicious degradation of the ecosystem.
'不可持续的' (bùkě chíxù de) means unsustainable. '资源开发' (zīyuán kāifā) means resource development. '不可逆转的' (bùkě nìzhuǎn de) means irreversible. '退化' (tuìhuà) means degradation.
基因编辑技术的伦理困境在于，其潜在的恶性应用可能对人类基因库造成永久性损害。
The ethical dilemma of gene editing technology lies in its potential for malicious applications that could cause permanent damage to the human gene pool.
'基因编辑技术' (jīyīn biānjí jìshù) means gene editing technology. '伦理困境' (lúnlǐ kùnjìng) means ethical dilemma. '人类基因库' (rénlèi jīyīn kù) means human gene pool. '永久性损害' (yǒngjiǔ xìng sǔnhài) means permanent damage.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— Malignant tumor (cancer). A tumor that grows and spreads aggressively.
医生告诉他，他患的是恶性肿瘤，需要立即治疗。
— Vicious cycle. A situation where a series of events makes a problem worse and worse.
贫穷常常导致教育不足，而教育不足又加剧了贫穷，形成了一个恶性循环。
— Vicious competition. Harmful or destructive competition between businesses or individuals.
这种恶性竞争导致了整个行业的利润下滑。
— A vicious incident or a particularly harmful or destructive event.
警方正在调查最近发生的这起恶性袭击事件。
— A malignant or virulent disease. A disease that is severe and likely to cause harm or death.
这种新发现的恶性疾病对人类构成了严重威胁。
— Rampant inflation. Inflation that is extremely high and difficult to control.
该国正面临着恶性膨胀的经济危机。
— A virulent or dangerous virus. A virus that causes severe illness and spreads rapidly.
科学家们正在努力研发针对这种恶性病毒的疫苗。
— Malignant lesion or pathological change. Refers to abnormal tissue growth that is cancerous.
医学影像显示，该部位存在恶性病变的迹象。
— Hyperinflation. Extremely rapid and out-of-control inflation.
许多国家都曾经历过恶性通货膨胀的痛苦。
— Malignant growth. Refers to the uncontrolled and destructive proliferation of cells, typically in cancer.
肿瘤的恶性生长速度非常快。
Souvent confondu avec
'恶劣' means bad, harsh, or terrible, often used for weather or conditions. '恶性' implies a more severe, destructive, and progressive harm, especially in medical or systemic contexts. For example, '恶劣的天气' (bad weather) vs. '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor).
'恶意' means malice or malicious intent. It describes the intention behind an action. '恶性' describes the nature or quality of something (e.g., a tumor, a cycle). You can have '恶意的攻击' (malicious attack) but '恶性的肿瘤' (malignant tumor).
'严重' means serious or severe. It's a general term. '恶性' is a specific type of seriousness that implies destructiveness and worsening. All '恶性' conditions are '严重', but not all '严重' conditions are '恶性'.
Expressions idiomatiques
— Vicious cycle. A self-perpetuating series of negative events where each event exacerbates the next, making it difficult to escape.
贫困和缺乏教育往往会形成一个恶性循环，代代相传。
General/Academic— Vicious competition. A form of competition where participants engage in destructive or unfair practices to gain an advantage, often harming the overall market or industry.
在某些行业，恶性竞争导致产品质量下降，消费者利益受损。
Business/Economic— Rampant inflation. A severe and uncontrollable increase in prices, often leading to economic instability.
当政府无法控制货币发行时，就可能出现恶性膨胀。
Economic— Vicious assault/harm. Refers to an act of violence that is particularly brutal or severe.
警方正在全力侦破这起恶性伤人案件。
Legal/Crime— Malignant embryo/germ. Used metaphorically to describe the origin or seed of something extremely bad or destructive.
这种思想的恶性胚胎必须及早清除。
Figurative/Strongly Negative— Vicious delay. A delay that is particularly detrimental, causing significant negative consequences.
由于恶性延误，整个项目面临巨大的风险。
Figurative/Negative Context— Vicious erosion. Metaphorically used to describe a destructive process that gradually but severely damages something.
网络谣言对社会信任造成了恶性侵蚀。
Figurative/Negative Context— Vicious spread. The rapid and harmful dissemination of something, like a disease or negative information.
在信息时代，假消息的恶性扩散是一个严峻的挑战。
Figurative/Negative Context— Malignant tumor. The primary medical term for cancer, denoting a tumor that grows uncontrollably and spreads to other parts of the body.
早期的恶性肿瘤通过手术可以得到有效控制。
Medical— Vicious deflation. A severe and prolonged period of falling prices that can be detrimental to an economy.
许多经济学家担心，全球经济可能陷入恶性通货紧缩。
EconomicFacile à confondre
Both words start with '恶' (è) and describe negative situations.
'恶劣' typically describes external conditions like weather, environment, or circumstances that are harsh or unpleasant. It's about the quality of the condition itself being bad. '恶性', on the other hand, describes an inherent nature or quality that is destructive, progressive, and harmful, often implying an internal process or a self-perpetuating negative trend. For example, '恶劣的天气' (harsh weather) is about the external environment, while '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor) is about the internal nature of the growth.
恶劣的天气使航行变得危险。(Èliè de tiānqì shǐ hángxíng biànde wēixiǎn. - The harsh weather made sailing dangerous.) vs. 医生诊断出这个肿瘤是恶性的。(Yīshēng zhěnduàn chū zhège zhǒngliú shì èxìng de. - The doctor diagnosed this tumor as malignant.)
Both words contain '恶' (bad/evil) and relate to negative concepts.
'恶意' (èyì) refers to malicious intent or ill will. It's about the motivation behind an action. '恶性' (èxìng) is an adjective describing a quality or nature that is inherently harmful, destructive, and tending to worsen. You can perform an action with '恶意' (malice), but a disease or a cycle has an '恶性' (malignant/vicious) nature. For instance, a person might act with '恶意' to cause harm, but a disease itself is '恶性' because of its destructive growth pattern.
他怀着恶意偷了我的钱。(Tā huáizhe èyì tōule wǒ de qián. - He stole my money out of malice.) vs. 这种病毒具有很强的恶性。(Zhè zhǒng bìngdú jùyǒu hěn qiáng de èxìng. - This virus has strong virulence/malignancy.)
'严重' means serious or severe, and '恶性' also implies seriousness.
'严重' is a general term for seriousness or severity. It can apply to a wide range of negative situations, from a minor mistake to a major disaster. '恶性' is more specific; it denotes a destructive, worsening, and often spreading quality. A '恶性' condition is always '严重', but an '严重' situation isn't necessarily '恶性'. For example, '严重的错误' (serious mistake) is not '恶性', but '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor) is both '严重' and '恶性'.
他犯了一个严重的错误。(Tā fànle yīgè yánzhòng de cuòwù. - He made a serious mistake.) vs. 这种疾病非常恶性，需要紧急治疗。(Zhè zhǒng jíbìng fēicháng èxìng, xūyào jǐnjí zhìliáo. - This disease is very malignant and requires urgent treatment.)
Both words describe dangerous or perilous situations.
'凶险' (xiōngxiǎn) emphasizes danger and risk, often implying a high probability of harm or death. It's commonly used for situations, operations, or environments that are hazardous. '恶性' focuses more on the destructive, worsening, and often spreading nature of something, particularly in medical or systemic contexts. While a '恶性' condition is inherently '凶险', '凶险' can also describe external dangers that don't necessarily have an inherent 'malignant' quality of progression.
这是一次凶险的手术。(Zhè shì yī cì xiōngxiǎn de shǒushù. - This is a perilous surgery.) vs. 医生担心这个病灶是恶性的。(Yīshēng dānxīn zhège bìngzào shì èxìng de. - The doctor is worried this lesion is malignant.)
Both words describe something that causes damage.
'破坏性' (pòhuàixìng) means destructive, focusing on the act or quality of causing damage. '恶性' (èxìng) also implies destructiveness but often carries the additional connotation of worsening, spreading, or being difficult to control, especially in the context of diseases or cycles. A forest fire can be '破坏性' (destructive), but a tumor is '恶性' because it grows and spreads destructively within the body.
这场地震具有极大的破坏性。(Zhè chǎng dìzhèn jùyǒu jí dà de pòhuàixìng. - This earthquake is extremely destructive.) vs. 这种病毒的恶性传播速度惊人。(Zhè zhǒng bìngdú de èxìng chuánbō sùdù jīngrén. - The vicious spread of this virus is astonishing.)
Structures de phrases
Subject + 患有 + 恶性 + Noun
病人患有恶性肿瘤。
Noun + 是 + 恶性的
这个病是恶性的。
Noun + 导致 + 恶性 + Noun
这种行为导致了恶性竞争。
Subj + 陷入 + 了 + 恶性循环
国家陷入了恶性循环。
需要 + 阻止 + 恶性 + Noun
我们需要阻止恶性蔓延。
Subj + 表现出 + 潜在的 + 恶性
这种病毒表现出潜在的恶性。
Subj + 充斥着 + 恶性 + Noun
媒体充斥着恶性攻击。
Subj + 具有 + 恶性 + 的 + 特征
这种细胞具有恶性的特征。
Famille de mots
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
High (in specific contexts like medicine and economics)
-
Using '恶性' for general badness or mild inconvenience.
→
Use '坏' (huài), '糟糕' (zāogāo), or '不方便' (bù fāngbiàn) for general negative situations.
'恶性' implies severity, destructiveness, and a tendency to worsen. It's not suitable for describing something merely unpleasant or slightly inconvenient. For example, don't say '恶性的大雨' (vicious heavy rain); '大雨' (heavy rain) or '暴雨' (downpour) is sufficient, or if it's exceptionally severe, '恶劣的大雨' (harsh heavy rain) might be used, but '恶性' is usually reserved for more inherent destructive qualities.
-
Confusing '恶性' (malignant, vicious) with '恶劣' (harsh, bad).
→
Use '恶劣' for harsh conditions (weather, environment) and '恶性' for destructive, worsening qualities (diseases, cycles).
'恶劣' describes the unpleasantness or harshness of external conditions, like '恶劣的天气' (harsh weather). '恶性' describes an intrinsic quality of being harmful, destructive, and prone to progression, like '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor). While both start with '恶', their applications are distinct.
-
Confusing '恶性' (quality/nature) with '恶意' (intent).
→
Use '恶性' for the nature of a thing/condition and '恶意' for the intent behind an action.
'恶性' is an adjective describing a quality (e.g., a malignant tumor). '恶意' (èyì) is a noun or adverb indicating malicious intent (e.g., '出于恶意' - out of malice). One describes what something *is*, the other describes *why* someone acts. For example, '恶性的行为' (vicious behavior) refers to the behavior itself being destructive, while '怀有恶意' (harboring malice) refers to the person's intention.
-
Overusing '恶性' in informal conversation.
→
Use more common adjectives like '坏' (huài), '糟糕' (zāogāo), or '很严重' (hěn yánzhòng) in casual talk.
'恶性' carries a strong, formal, and serious tone. Using it casually can sound overly dramatic or even incorrect. For instance, calling a minor argument '恶性的争吵' (vicious argument) is usually an exaggeration; '激烈的争吵' (heated argument) is more appropriate for informal settings.
-
Not understanding the 'progression' aspect of '恶性'.
→
Recognize that '恶性' often implies a worsening or spreading quality, not just static badness.
A key aspect of '恶性' is its implication of progression or worsening. A '恶性循环' gets worse, a '恶性肿瘤' spreads. Simply being bad isn't enough; it needs to have this dynamic of negative development. This distinguishes it from words like '有害' (harmful) which might be static.
Astuces
Master the Tones
Correct pronunciation, especially the tones (falling on 'è', rising on 'xìng'), is crucial for clear communication. Mispronouncing the tones can change the meaning or make your speech unclear. Practice saying 'èxìng' with clear tonal shifts.
Use with Caution
'恶性' is a strong word. Using it inappropriately can sound overly dramatic or alarmist. Reserve it for genuinely severe, destructive, and worsening situations, particularly in formal or serious contexts.
Learn Common Collocations
Memorizing common phrases like '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor) and '恶性循环' (vicious cycle) will significantly help you understand and use '恶性' correctly. These combinations are frequently encountered and reinforce the word's meaning.
Know its Opposite
Understanding the antonym '良性' (liángxìng - benign) is essential, especially in medical contexts. Contrasting '恶性' with '良性' helps solidify its meaning as referring to severe, harmful conditions.
Compare with Similar Words
Differentiate '恶性' from similar-sounding or related words like '恶劣' (harsh), '恶意' (malice), and '严重' (serious). Recognizing their distinct uses will prevent common errors and improve accuracy.
Apply in Different Domains
Practice using '恶性' in sentences related to medicine, economics, and social issues. This broad application will enhance your understanding and fluency, showing its versatility beyond just medical terms.
Create Mnemonics
Develop personal associations. For example, '恶性' sounds like 'awful nature'. Picture an awful, destructive force at work. This can help you recall the word's meaning when you need it.
Listen Actively
Pay attention to how native speakers use '恶性' in movies, news, or podcasts. Notice the context and the specific nouns it modifies. This real-world exposure is invaluable for mastering its usage.
Write Examples
Actively write sentences using '恶性' in various contexts. This reinforces your learning and helps you internalize the word's meaning and grammatical patterns. Reviewing your own examples can highlight areas for improvement.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of '恶' (è) as 'evil' or 'awful', and '性' (xìng) as 'nature'. So, '恶性' means 'evil nature' or 'awful nature'. Imagine a monster with an evil nature, like a creature from a horror movie that is spreading a terrible disease. This 'evil nature' is what makes it malignant and dangerous.
Association visuelle
Picture a black, thorny vine ('恶') that is rapidly growing and choking out healthy plants ('性' - nature). The vine represents the destructive, worsening quality of '恶性'. Alternatively, visualize a doctor looking grimly at an X-ray showing a dark, spreading mass (malignant tumor).
Word Web
Défi
Try to use '恶性' in three different sentences, each from a different category (medical, economic, general negative). For example: 1. Medical: '医生担心肿瘤是恶性的。' 2. Economic: '这种竞争是恶性的。' 3. General Negative: '这种情况正在恶性发展。'
Origine du mot
The word '恶性' is a compound word formed from '恶' (è) and '性' (xìng). '恶' in ancient Chinese could mean 'bad', 'evil', 'fierce', or 'difficult'. '性' refers to nature, character, or quality. Therefore, '恶性' literally means a 'bad nature' or 'fierce quality'.
Sens originel : The original meaning conveyed a fundamentally bad or harmful character. Its application has evolved to encompass severe and destructive qualities, particularly in medical and social contexts.
Sino-TibetanContexte culturel
The term '恶性' is associated with serious and often frightening concepts like cancer and destructive cycles. When used, especially in medical contexts, it should be handled with care and sensitivity, as it directly implies severe danger and potential negative outcomes.
In English, 'malignant' is the most direct translation, especially in medical contexts. 'Vicious' captures the destructive and aggressive nature in other contexts. 'Pernicious' also conveys a sense of harmfulness that spreads insidiously.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Medical Diagnosis
- 恶性肿瘤
- 恶性病变
- 恶性疾病
- 需要手术切除恶性组织
Economic Analysis
- 恶性循环
- 恶性竞争
- 恶性通货膨胀
- 经济面临恶性衰退
Social Issues
- 恶性事件
- 恶性暴力
- 社会恶性问题
- 谣言的恶性传播
Describing Trends
- 恶性增长
- 恶性扩散
- 情况变得恶性
- 这种模式的恶性发展
General Danger/Harm
- 恶性病毒
- 恶性伤害
- 恶性的影响
- 阻止其恶性蔓延
Amorces de conversation
"Have you ever heard the term '恶性' used in a news report about health or economics?"
"What's the difference between '恶性' and '严重' when talking about a disease?"
"Can you think of an example of a '恶性循环' in everyday life?"
"When discussing business, how is '恶性竞争' different from normal competition?"
"What are some other words that describe something very bad or harmful in Chinese?"
Sujets d'écriture
Write a short paragraph describing a fictional medical scenario using the word '恶性' to emphasize the severity of a condition.
Reflect on a time you observed a '恶性循环' in your community or personal life. How did it manifest?
Imagine you are a journalist reporting on a new economic trend. How would you use '恶性' to describe a potentially harmful development?
Compare and contrast the usage of '恶性' and its antonym '良性' in different contexts.
Create a short story where the character faces a situation described as '恶性'. What are the challenges and how do they try to overcome them?
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsThe primary difference is severity and nature. '恶性' (èxìng) means malignant, indicating something harmful, destructive, and tending to worsen or spread, especially in medical contexts like cancer. '良性' (liángxìng) means benign or favorable, indicating something that is not cancerous, does not spread, and is generally less harmful. For example, '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor) is cancer, while '良性肿瘤' (benign tumor) is not.
Yes, absolutely. '恶性' is also used metaphorically to describe negative trends, behaviors, or phenomena that are destructive, self-perpetuating, and difficult to control. Common examples include '恶性循环' (vicious cycle), '恶性竞争' (vicious competition), and '恶性事件' (vicious incident). In these cases, it emphasizes the severe, damaging, and escalating nature of the situation.
Yes, '恶性' carries a very strong negative connotation. It is reserved for situations that are severely harmful, destructive, and often worsening or spreading. It is not used for minor inconveniences or general badness. Using it implies a high degree of severity and danger.
'恶性' is pronounced 'èxìng'. The first syllable 'è' has a falling tone, and the second syllable 'xìng' has a rising tone. The 'x' sound is made further forward in the mouth than an English 'x'.
Some very common phrases include '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor), '恶性循环' (vicious cycle), '恶性竞争' (vicious competition), and '恶性事件' (vicious incident). These phrases highlight the core meanings of '恶性'.
While '恶性' describes a 'nature' or 'quality', it's less commonly used to directly describe a person's personality in everyday conversation. More often, it's used for diseases or abstract negative phenomena. If you want to describe a person's bad personality, you might use words like '坏' (huài - bad), '邪恶' (xié'è - evil), or '恶毒' (èdú - malicious, venomous). However, you might hear it used figuratively, like '他这个人很恶性' (Tā zhège rén hěn èxìng), to imply they have a destructive or vicious nature, though this is a strong statement.
'恶劣' (èliè) usually describes external conditions that are harsh or unpleasant, like '恶劣的天气' (bad weather). '恶性' (èxìng) describes an inherent quality of being harmful, destructive, and prone to worsening, often used for diseases or negative cycles. So, weather is '恶劣', but a tumor is '恶性'.
'恶性' (èxìng) is an adjective describing a quality (malignant, vicious, destructive). '恶意' (èyì) is a noun or adverb describing intent (malice, maliciousness). You can have '恶性的肿瘤' (malignant tumor) and someone can act with '恶意' (malice).
Use '恶性' when you want to convey a high degree of harm, destructiveness, and a tendency to worsen or spread. It's most appropriate for serious medical conditions, self-perpetuating negative cycles, or severely damaging events. If it's just generally bad, consider other words like '坏' or '严重'.
Yes, the character '恶' (è) in '恶性' fundamentally relates to concepts of badness, evil, or fierceness. When combined with '性' (nature), it signifies a nature that is inherently bad, harmful, and destructive, aligning with the broader concept of 'evil' in its most severe manifestations.
Teste-toi 10 questions
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word '恶性' (èxìng) is a powerful adjective used to describe things that are severely harmful, destructive, and tend to worsen or spread. It's most frequently encountered in medical contexts to denote malignant conditions like tumors ('恶性肿瘤'), but it also applies to negative, self-perpetuating cycles such as '恶性循环' (vicious cycle) or destructive behaviors like '恶性竞争' (vicious competition). Think of it as signifying a high degree of danger and negative progression.
- 恶性 means malignant, vicious, or destructive.
- Used for severe, harmful, and worsening conditions.
- Common in medicine (malignant tumors) and for negative cycles (vicious cycles).
Context is Key
The meaning of '恶性' is highly dependent on context. In medicine, it's 'malignant'. In economics, it might be 'vicious' (like a cycle or competition). Always consider the surrounding words and the overall topic to grasp the precise nuance.
Master the Tones
Correct pronunciation, especially the tones (falling on 'è', rising on 'xìng'), is crucial for clear communication. Mispronouncing the tones can change the meaning or make your speech unclear. Practice saying 'èxìng' with clear tonal shifts.
Use with Caution
'恶性' is a strong word. Using it inappropriately can sound overly dramatic or alarmist. Reserve it for genuinely severe, destructive, and worsening situations, particularly in formal or serious contexts.
Learn Common Collocations
Memorizing common phrases like '恶性肿瘤' (malignant tumor) and '恶性循环' (vicious cycle) will significantly help you understand and use '恶性' correctly. These combinations are frequently encountered and reinforce the word's meaning.
Contenu associé
Ce mot dans d'autres langues
Plus de mots sur health
一粒
A2Un grain ou une pilule. Utilisé pour les petits objets ronds comme le riz ou les médicaments. 'Prenez une pilule' se dit '吃一粒药'.
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2Anormal, qui s'écarte de la norme ou de la régularité habituelle.
以上
A2Au-dessus, plus de (un nombre). Indique une quantité ou un niveau égal ou supérieur à un point de référence spécifié.
酸痛
A2Mes muscles sont douloureux après avoir couru hier.
倒是
A2En revanche; au contraire. Utilisé pour souligner un contraste inattendu.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2Faire une piqûre ou pratiquer l'acupuncture.
急性
B1Aigu (maladie) : se réfère à une condition qui survient soudainement et est généralement sévère mais de courte durée. Aigu (maladie) : quand on parle de maladies, 'aigu' décrit quelque chose qui commence vite et est intense, mais ne dure pas longtemps.
急性病
B1Une maladie aiguë qui survient soudainement et nécessite des soins immédiats.
