A1 Case System 1 min read かんたん

Accusative Singular: Feminine Nouns

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

When a feminine noun is the direct object of a verb, change the ending -a to -u.

  • Nouns ending in -a change to -u: 'žena' (woman) becomes 'vidím ženu' (I see the woman).
  • Nouns ending in -ia stay -iu: 'kaviareň' is a consonant stem, but 'kuchyňa' (kitchen) becomes 'kuchyňu'.
  • Nouns ending in consonants (like -osť) do not change: 'vidím radosť' (I see joy).
Subject + Verb + Noun(-a → -u)

Feminine Accusative Formation

Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Object) Meaning
žena
ženu
woman
kniha
knihu
book
káva
kávu
coffee
mama
mamu
mom
škola
školu
school
noc
noc
night
radosť
radosť
joy
kaviareň
kaviareň
cafe

Meanings

The Accusative case marks the direct object of a sentence, indicating who or what is receiving the action of the verb.

1

Direct Object

The entity directly affected by the verb.

“Mám sestru.”

“Čítam knihu.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Accusative Singular: Feminine Nouns
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + Verb + Noun-u
Vidím ženu.
Negative
Subject + ne-Verb + Noun-u
Neveidím ženu.
Question
Verb + Subject + Noun-u?
Vidíš ženu?
Consonant
Subject + Verb + Noun
Mám noc.
Plural
Subject + Verb + Noun-y
Mám knihy.
Adjective
Subject + Verb + Adj-u + Noun-u
Vidím peknú ženu.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Vidím túto ženu.

Vidím túto ženu. (Daily life)

ニュートラル
Vidím ženu.

Vidím ženu. (Daily life)

カジュアル
Vidím tú ženu.

Vidím tú ženu. (Daily life)

スラング
Vidím ju.

Vidím ju. (Daily life)

Feminine Noun Transformation

Feminine Noun

Ends in -a

  • žena woman

Accusative

  • ženu woman (obj)
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レベル別の例文

1

Pijem kávu.

I drink coffee.

2

Mám sestru.

I have a sister.

3

Čítam knihu.

I am reading a book.

4

Vidím mamu.

I see mom.

1

Hľadám prácu.

I am looking for work.

2

Kúpila som lampu.

I bought a lamp.

3

Mám rada pizzu.

I like pizza.

4

Píšem správu.

I am writing a message.

1

Potrebujem novú košeľu.

I need a new shirt.

2

Vidím túto krásnu krajinu.

I see this beautiful country.

3

Ona má veľkú odvahu.

She has great courage.

4

Pripravujem večeru.

I am preparing dinner.

1

Musím zmeniť túto situáciu.

I must change this situation.

2

Vnímam túto zmenu pozitívne.

I perceive this change positively.

3

Ona vyjadrila svoju radosť.

She expressed her joy.

4

Hľadáme novú stratégiu.

We are looking for a new strategy.

1

Prekonala som každú prekážku.

I overcame every obstacle.

2

Analyzujeme túto zložitú otázku.

We are analyzing this complex question.

3

Prijala som túto výzvu.

I accepted this challenge.

4

Ona si kúpila drahú kabelku.

She bought herself an expensive handbag.

1

Zvolila si túto náročnú cestu.

She chose this demanding path.

2

Pociťujem hlbokú úctu k tradícii.

I feel deep respect for the tradition.

3

Vytvorila si vlastnú realitu.

She created her own reality.

4

Zanechala po sebe veľkú stopu.

She left a big mark behind her.

間違えやすい

Accusative Singular: Feminine Nouns 対 Nominative vs Accusative

Learners use the subject form for the object.

Accusative Singular: Feminine Nouns 対 Accusative vs Genitive

Both involve ending changes.

Accusative Singular: Feminine Nouns 対 Consonant stems

Learners try to change all nouns.

よくある間違い

✗

Vidím žena

✓

Vidím ženu

Forgot to change the ending.
✗

Mám nocu

✓

Mám noc

Added -u to a consonant noun.
✗

Pijem káva

✓

Pijem kávu

Used nominative for object.
✗

Čítam knihu

✓

Čítam knihu

Wait, this is correct, but learners often doubt themselves.
✗

Hľadám prácu

✓

Hľadám prácu

Correct, but learners often add extra letters.
✗

Vidím tú ženu

✓

Vidím tú ženu

Correct, but learners forget the adjective agreement.
✗

Mám rada pizzu

✓

Mám rada pizzu

Correct, but learners confuse 'rada' with 'rad'.
✗

Potrebujem novú košeľu

✓

Potrebujem novú košeľu

Correct, but learners struggle with consonant stems.
✗

Vidím krajinu

✓

Vidím krajinu

Correct, but learners often use the wrong gender.
✗

Pripravujem večeru

✓

Pripravujem večeru

Correct, but learners forget the verb stem.
✗

Prekonala som prekážku

✓

Prekonala som prekážku

Correct, but learners struggle with complex nouns.
✗

Analyzujem otázku

✓

Analyzujem otázku

Correct, but learners struggle with loanwords.
✗

Prijala som výzvu

✓

Prijala som výzvu

Correct, but learners struggle with abstract nouns.

文型パターン

Vidím ___.

Mám rada ___.

Čítam ___.

Hľadám ___.

Real World Usage

Cafe constant

Prosím si kávu.

Texting very common

Mám novú správu.

Job Interview common

Hľadám prácu.

Travel common

Vidím túto krajinu.

Shopping common

Kúpila som lampu.

Social Media very common

Mám rada fotku.

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💡

Focus on -a

Only worry about nouns ending in -a for now.
⚠️

Don't over-apply

Don't change nouns that don't end in -a.
🎯

Practice daily

Use the 'Vidím...' game with objects around you.
💬

Be polite

Always use 'Prosím si' when ordering.

Smart Tips

Check if the noun is the object.

Vidím žena. → Vidím ženu.

Change it to -u.

Pijem káva. → Pijem kávu.

Leave it alone.

Mám nocu. → Mám noc.

Say it out loud.

Vidím žena. → Vidím ženu.

発音

kávu [kaːvu]

Vowel Length

The 'u' in the accusative is usually short.

Statement

Vidím ženu ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the 'u' as a 'U-turn' for the noun when it hits the verb.

視覚的連想

Imagine a woman (žena) walking into a verb (like a wall) and bouncing off with a 'u' shape on her head.

Rhyme

When the verb hits the -a, change it to a -u, that's what you do!

Story

Maria (žena) walks into a cafe. She sees a coffee (káva). She orders the coffee (kávu). She is happy.

Word Web

ženaknihakávamamaškolapráca

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences using objects in your room ending in -a.

文化メモ

Slovaks are very direct. Using the correct case shows respect for the language.

The accusative case comes from Proto-Slavic.

会話のきっかけ

“

Čo piješ?

“

Čo čítaš?

“

Hľadáš prácu?

“

Vidíš tú ženu?

日記のテーマ

Write about your favorite drink.
Describe your family.
What are you doing today?
Describe your dream job.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Fill in the correct form of 'žena'.

Vidím ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ženu
Accusative of žena is ženu.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pijem kávu.
Accusative of káva is kávu.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Mám rada pizza.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mám rada pizzu.
Accusative of pizza is pizzu.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ja pijem kávu.
Standard SVO order.
Translate to Slovak. 翻訳

I have a sister.

Answer starts with: Mám...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mám sestru.
Accusative of sestra is sestru.
Match the noun to its accusative. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: školu
Accusative of škola is školu.
What is the accusative of 'kniha'? Conjugation Drill

kniha → ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: knihu
Accusative of kniha is knihu.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Čo piješ? B: Pijem ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vodu
Accusative of voda is vodu.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of 'žena'.

Vidím ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ženu
Accusative of žena is ženu.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pijem kávu.
Accusative of káva is kávu.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Mám rada pizza.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mám rada pizzu.
Accusative of pizza is pizzu.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

kávu / pijem / ja

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ja pijem kávu.
Standard SVO order.
Translate to Slovak. 翻訳

I have a sister.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mám sestru.
Accusative of sestra is sestru.
Match the noun to its accusative. Match Pairs

Match: škola

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: školu
Accusative of škola is školu.
What is the accusative of 'kniha'? Conjugation Drill

kniha → ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: knihu
Accusative of kniha is knihu.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Čo piješ? B: Pijem ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vodu
Accusative of voda is vodu.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

No, only those ending in -a.

It stays the same.

Yes, it is standard in all forms.

Forgetting to change -a to -u.

German changes articles; Slovak changes nouns.

It is neutral and used everywhere.

No, plural has different endings.

Use the 'Vidím...' game.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

Direct object pronoun

Slovak changes the noun itself.

French low

Direct object pronoun

Slovak uses inflection.

German moderate

Accusative case

Slovak changes the noun ending.

Japanese low

Particle 'o'

Slovak uses a suffix.

Arabic moderate

Mansoub case

Slovak endings are simpler.

Chinese none

Word order

Slovak is synthetic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Accusative Singular: Masculine Inanimate

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Accusative Singular: Masculine Inanimate
A1

Accusative Singular: Masculine Animate
A2

Genitive Singular Endings
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