B1 adjective Neutral 1 min read

坚实

jianshi /tɕiɛn⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

“坚实” powerfully conveys reliable strength and deep-rooted stability, applicable to both tangible structures and crucial abstract concepts like foundations or beliefs, ensuring resilience and trustworthiness.

Word in 30 Seconds

  • Describes something strong, stable, and not easily moved.
  • Used for both physical objects and abstract concepts.
  • Formal and positive, conveys reliability and strength.
  • Avoid confusing with '坚固' (more about physical durability).
  • Often appears in official discourse emphasizing stability.

概述

“坚实”(jiānshí)是一个形容词,其核心意义是“坚固、结实、稳固,不容易动摇或破坏”。这个词语具有积极的感情色彩,传达出可靠、稳定、强大和有根基的意味。它不仅可以用来描述具体的物质实体,如“坚实的墙壁”、“坚实的地基”,更常被用于形容抽象的概念,如“坚实的基础”、“坚实的理论”、“坚实的信念”、“坚实的实力”等。在这些抽象语境中,“坚实”强调的是事物的内在品质和支撑力,表明其结构严密、内在强大,能够承受考验,不易崩溃或瓦解。它暗示了一种持久性和稳定性,是构建更高层次事物或达成更远大目标的重要前提。例如,一个国家的经济“坚实”,意味着其经济结构健康,抗风险能力强;一个人的信念“坚实”,则表明其信仰坚定,不易被外部因素所动摇。

使用模式

“坚实”在语言使用上,属于中性偏正式的词语。它在书面语和正式语境中出现频率较高,如新闻报道、学术论文、政策文件、商业报告以及文学作品等。在日常口语交流中,虽然也会使用,但人们可能更倾向于使用“结实”、“牢固”或“稳当”等口语化程度更高的词汇来表达类似的意思。例如,形容一个箱子很结实,口语中多说“这个箱子很结实”,而不是“这个箱子很坚实”。然而,当需要强调抽象概念的稳固性时,如“团队建设需要坚实的基础”,“坚实”是不可替代的选择。在地域使用上,“坚实”在普通话使用者中普遍理解和使用,没有明显的地域差异。

常见语境

  • 工作/商业:在商业和职场语境中,“坚实”常用来形容企业的基础、团队的实力、合作关系或市场地位。例如,“公司拥有坚实的客户基础,为未来的发展奠定了良好开端。”、“我们建立起了坚实的战略合作伙伴关系。”
  • 媒体/政治:新闻媒体和政治评论中,“坚实”常用于描述国家经济、国防、社会稳定或政策执行力。例如,“我国经济保持了坚实的发展势头。”、“坚实的国防力量是国家安全的保障。”
  • 学术/教育:在学术和教育领域,它用来形容理论体系、研究基础、论证过程或学生的知识储备。例如,“这项研究建立在坚实的理论基础上。”、“他凭借坚实的专业知识赢得了比赛。”
  • 文学/哲学:文学作品和哲学探讨中,“坚实”可以描绘人物的意志、信念、精神或抽象的思想体系。例如,“主人公以坚实的信念克服了重重困难。”、“这部作品展现了坚实的人文关怀。”
  • 日常语境:在日常生活中,虽然使用频率相对较低,但仍可用于形容一些具体事物的牢固性,尤其是在强调其基础或结构时。例如,“这座桥梁结构坚实,可以安全通行。”(虽然“坚固”更常见,但“坚实”也可用,更侧重其内在的稳固性)。

与相似词的比较

  • 坚固 (jiāngù):强调物体结构本身牢固,不易破坏、损坏。它更侧重于物理上的耐用性和抗冲击性。例如:坚固的桥梁、坚固的家具。而“坚实”除了物理上的牢固,更强调内在的稳固和基础的扎实,可以用于抽象概念。
  • 牢固 (láogù):强调固定、不易松动或动摇。它既可以用于具体事物(如:绳子系得很牢固),也可以用于抽象概念(如:建立牢固的友谊)。“坚实”与“牢固”在形容抽象概念的稳固性上相似,但“坚实”更侧重于“基础”的稳固和“内在”的强大,带有更强的“支撑力”意味。
  • 结实 (jiēshi):这个词更口语化,常指身体强壮,或物品耐用、不易损坏。例如:身体很结实、这件衣服很结实。它更多地指外在的表现,而“坚实”则更强调内在的品质和结构。
  • 稳定 (wěndìng):强调状态的平稳、不易变化。它常用于形容局势、情绪、系统等,更侧重于“不波动”、“不摇摆”。例如:稳定的局势、情绪稳定。“坚实”则更侧重于“有根基”、“有支撑”,是达到“稳定”状态的一种品质。
  • 扎实 (zhāshi):形容工作、学习等踏实、认真,基础打得好。例如:工作扎实、基础扎实。它与“坚实”在形容基础时有重叠,但“扎实”更强调过程中的努力和积累,而“坚实”则强调结果的稳固性。

总的来说,“坚实”介于“坚固”和“牢固”之间,但比它们更具概括性,尤其在形容抽象概念时,它能更深层次地表达“内在强大、基础稳固、不易动摇”的品质。

语域与语调

“坚实”的语域偏向正式和庄重,语调通常是积极、肯定和赞扬的。它适用于表达对事物稳固性、可靠性和强大性的高度认可。例如,在官方报告、新闻评论、学术讨论或严肃的商业谈判中,使用“坚实”能够有效传达严谨、专业的态度。然而,在非常轻松、随意的日常对话或社交媒体的非正式互动中,过度使用“坚实”可能会显得过于正式、生硬,甚至有些做作。在这些场合,使用“很结实”、“很稳”或“很牢固”会更自然。

搭配语境

“坚实”常与名词组成形容词短语,共同修饰其他词语,或作为谓语修饰主语。

  • 坚实的基础:这是最常见、最重要的搭配之一,强调事物赖以存在的根本条件非常稳固。例如:“打下坚实的基础。”
  • 坚实的步伐:形容行动稳健有力,每一步都走得很踏实。例如:“我们迈出了坚实的改革步伐。”
  • 坚实的后盾:指背后有强大的支持力量,令人感到安心。例如:“家人的支持是我最坚实的后盾。”
  • 坚实的队伍/团队:形容组织或群体成员团结有力,整体实力强劲。例如:“我们拥有一支坚实的研发队伍。”
  • 坚实的理论/论证:指理论体系严密,逻辑清晰,不易被驳倒。例如:“他的论文基于坚实的理论分析。”
  • 坚实的经济/实力:形容国家、企业或个人的经济状况良好,实力雄厚。例如:“国家经济保持了坚实的增长。”
  • 坚实的信念/意志:指信仰坚定,决心不动摇。例如:“他凭借坚实的意志战胜了病魔。”
  • 建立/形成/拥有坚实:常与动词搭配,表示构建、获得或具备某种稳固的特质。例如:“建立坚实的合作关系。”

Examples

1

这座建筑物的地基打得非常坚实,能够抵御强烈的地震。

Everyday

The foundation of this building is laid very solidly, capable of withstanding strong earthquakes.

2

国家经济保持了坚实的发展势头,为社会稳定提供了有力保障。

Formal

The national economy has maintained a solid development momentum, providing strong guarantees for social stability.

3

虽然生活不易,但他迈出的每一步都显得那么坚实,从不退缩。

Literary

Although life was difficult, every step he took seemed so firm and steady, never backing down.

4

这项研究建立在坚实的理论基础上,其结论具有高度的可靠性。

Academic

This research is built upon a solid theoretical foundation, and its conclusions possess a high degree of reliability.

5

我们与合作伙伴建立了坚实的战略联盟,共同应对市场挑战。

Business

We have established a solid strategic alliance with our partners to jointly address market challenges.

6

在艰难时期,人们对未来的坚实信念是支撑他们前行的力量。

Literary

During difficult times, people's firm belief in the future is the strength that propels them forward.

7

通过多年的努力,这家公司积累了坚实的市场经验和技术优势。

Business

Through years of effort, this company has accumulated solid market experience and technological advantages.

8

这座古老的城墙依然坚实,见证了历史的沧桑变迁。

Literary

This ancient city wall remains sturdy, bearing witness to the vicissitudes of history.

Grammar Patterns

坚实的 + 名词 (e.g., 坚实的基础) 使...变得坚实 (e.g., 使团队变得坚实) ...是坚实的 (e.g., 他的信念是坚实的) 建立坚实的... (e.g., 建立坚实的关系) 拥有坚实的... (e.g., 拥有坚实的实力) 在...方面坚实 (e.g., 在理论方面坚实)

How to Use It

Usage Notes

While '坚实' is generally neutral, it leans towards formal contexts, especially in written communication like reports, academic papers, or official statements. In spoken language, '结实' or '牢固' might be more common for physical objects. It's widely understood across Chinese-speaking regions with no significant regional preferences. Avoid using '坚实' in casual social media posts or very informal conversations, as it might sound overly serious or stiff. It's best reserved for situations where you want to convey a sense of deep-rooted strength, reliability, and unshakeable quality, whether physical or abstract.


Common Mistakes

A common mistake is using '坚实' interchangeably with '坚固' for purely physical durability, especially when '坚固' would be more precise for structural integrity. Learners might also incorrectly apply it to flimsy or light objects, misinterpreting 'solid' as simply 'not hollow'. Another error is using '坚实' in overly casual or informal settings, leading to a register mismatch. Confusing it with '结实' when describing a person's physique is also common; '结实' is usually preferred for a strong body. Finally, literal translation from English 'solid' can lead to awkward phrases if the Chinese nuance of 'deep-rooted, foundational strength' is not captured.

Tips

💡

Use with Abstract Nouns

While '坚实' can describe physical objects, its power truly shines when paired with abstract nouns like '基础' (foundation), '信念' (belief), or '实力' (strength). This highlights the deep-rooted, unshakeable quality of these concepts. For example, say '坚实的理论基础' (solid theoretical foundation) rather than just '坚固的理论'.

⚠️

Avoid for Flimsy Items

Do not use '坚实' to describe things that are inherently light, delicate, or easily broken, even if they are currently stable. For instance, you wouldn't say '坚实的纸张' (solid paper) or '坚实的泡沫' (solid foam). It implies a substantial, robust quality that these items lack. Stick to words like '厚实' (thick and solid) or '结实' for more general sturdiness.

🌍

Often in Official Reports

'坚实' is frequently found in government reports, business analyses, and academic papers in Chinese. This reflects a cultural emphasis on stability, strong foundations, and reliable progress. Using it in such contexts lends credibility and seriousness to your discourse, aligning with formal Chinese communication styles. For instance, '经济保持坚实增长' (the economy maintains solid growth).

🎓

Nuance with '稳固'

While '坚实' and '稳固' (wěngù - stable, firm) are often interchangeable, '坚实' often implies a deeper, more inherent strength and robustness from within, suggesting a strong composition or foundation. '稳固' can sometimes refer more to the state of being stable or fixed, perhaps externally. Consider '坚实的基础' (a truly strong, well-built foundation) versus '稳固的地位' (a stable, secure position, which might not always imply an inherently strong foundation).

Word Origin

The word '坚实' (jiānshí) is a compound of two Chinese characters. '坚' (jiān) originally meant 'hard, strong, firm,' often referring to materials like stone or metal. '实' (shí) means 'solid, real, substantial, full.' When combined, '坚实' literally translates to 'hard and solid' or 'firm and substantial.' The term has evolved to describe not only physical robustness but also the deep-rooted, unshakeable quality of abstract concepts like foundations, beliefs, or strength, reflecting a long-standing appreciation for stability and reliability in Chinese culture.

Cultural Context

In Chinese culture, there's a strong emphasis on '基础' (foundation) and '稳定' (stability), concepts that '坚实' perfectly embodies. It reflects a value for long-term planning, resilience, and reliability in all aspects, from personal character to national development. This word frequently appears in official discourse and media, underscoring the importance of building things on solid ground, whether it's economic growth, social harmony, or political stability. On social media, while less common in casual banter, it's used in serious discussions, especially among older generations or in more formal online communities, to convey a sense of gravitas and trustworthiness.

Memory Tip

Imagine a 'Jian Shi' (建实, sounds like 'build real') construction site where every brick is laid perfectly, creating a truly 'solid' and 'real' foundation that will never crumble. This image of building something strong and substantial helps you remember that '坚实' means sturdy, stable, and not easily moved, focusing on its foundational strength.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

“坚实”和“坚固”都表示牢固,但侧重点不同。“坚固”主要指物体结构结实,不易损坏,更强调物理上的耐用性,比如“坚固的桥梁”。而“坚实”除了物理上的牢固,还强调内在的稳固和基础的扎实,可以用于抽象概念,如“坚实的基础”或“坚实的信念”,强调其不易动摇的本质。

“坚实”通常不直接形容人的外貌或体格,比如不会说“他很坚实”。但可以形容人的内在品质,如“坚实的信念”、“坚实的意志”,表示其思想或精神力量非常坚定,不易动摇。如果想形容人身体强壮,更常用“结实”。

“坚实”在口语中并不像“结实”或“牢固”那样常用。它更偏向书面语和正式语境,尤其是在描述抽象概念的稳固性时。在日常口语中,如果想表达“非常结实”或“非常稳固”,人们可能会选择更口语化的词汇,以避免显得过于正式。

“步伐”是一个抽象概念,指行动的节奏或态势。“坚实”形容步伐,强调的是每一步都走得稳健、有力、踏实,不易动摇,寓意着进展的稳妥和可靠。“坚固”则主要形容具体的物体,强调其结构不易损坏,不适用于抽象的“步伐”。

“坚实”是一个带有积极和肯定色彩的词语,通常没有负面含义。它总是用来描述事物稳固、强大、可靠的优点。如果某个事物不够坚实,我们会用“薄弱”、“脆弱”等词来形容,而不是用“坚实”来表达负面意思。

在形容抽象概念时,“坚实”和“牢固”都强调稳固。但“坚实”更侧重于事物内在的结构、基础和品质所带来的稳固性,它强调的是一种深层次的、有根基的强大。而“牢固”则更多地强调连接、固定或状态的不易改变,可以理解为外在表现的稳定。

在商业语境中,“坚实”通常指企业的基础、实力、市场地位或合作关系非常稳固和可靠。例如,“坚实的客户基础”意味着客户群体稳定且忠诚;“坚实的财务状况”表示公司资金雄厚、抗风险能力强;“坚实的市场份额”则指公司在市场中占据稳固的领导地位。

形容国家或组织的实力时,“坚实”是一个非常恰当的词。它可以用来描述其经济、国防、科技或社会治理等方面的强大和稳固性。例如,“国家拥有坚实的工业基础和科技实力”,或者“该组织建立了坚实的内部管理体系,确保高效运作”。

“坚实”具有非常积极和肯定的感情色彩。它传达出可靠、稳定、强大、值得信赖的意味,常用于赞扬或肯定某种品质或状态。使用“坚实”能够增强表达的权威性和说服力,体现出对事物高度的认可和信心。

是的,“坚实”可以用来形容抽象的“关系”。例如,“建立坚实的合作关系”或“拥有坚实的友谊”。在这种语境下,“坚实”意味着关系稳定、信任度高、不易破裂,能够经受住时间和考验,是牢不可破的。它强调了关系的深度和强度。

Test Yourself

fill blank

这座大桥的结构非常____,足以承受巨大的车流量。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

这里形容的是桥梁的物理结构,强调其不易损坏、耐用性,用“坚固”最合适。“坚实”更强调内在基础的稳固,而“坚固”更侧重于外在的结构强度。

multiple choice

请选择正确的句子。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

选项C中,“坚实的基础”是“坚实”的经典用法,形容抽象概念的稳固可靠。其他选项的用法都不符合“坚实”的含义和搭配习惯。

sentence building

使用“坚实”和“信念”造句。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

“坚实的信念”是常见的搭配,形容信仰坚定、不易动摇。这个句子表达了信念在克服困难中的重要作用。

error correction

错误句子:这个苹果摸起来很坚实,一定很好吃。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

“坚实”不常用来形容食物的口感或外形,通常用“结实”或“硬实”来形容苹果的质地。原句的用法不自然,不符合汉语习惯。

Score: /4

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