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A2 noun #5,000 most common 10 min read

配偶

peiou
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 配偶 in 30 Seconds
Explanation 配偶 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. The concept of a 'spouse' might be introduced through very simple family terms if at all. Words like 'mother,' 'father,' 'brother,' and 'sister' would be prioritized. The notion of a 'spouse' is likely too advanced for this stage, and if it were to appear, it would be in a highly simplified context, perhaps as part of a picture identification exercise where the image clearly depicts a married couple and the word is presented without much grammatical complexity.
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By the A2 level, learners can understand and use common phrases and sentences related to personal information and immediate needs. They might encounter 'spouse' in the context of filling out simple forms or in basic sentence structures discussing family members. For example, a sentence like 'This is my spouse' might be introduced, focusing on the possessive and the noun itself. The emphasis is on recognizing the word and its basic meaning in a clear, unambiguous situation. Learners at this stage would be able to identify it in a list of family members.
At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. The term 'spouse' (配偶) would be understood in more varied contexts, including news reports, simple articles about family life, or discussions about marriage. They would be able to use it in sentences to describe their own or others' marital status in a more descriptive way, moving beyond just identification.
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Learners at the B2 level can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. 'Spouse' (配偶) would be understood in detailed discussions about legal rights, social policies, economic impacts of marriage, and in more nuanced literary or journalistic pieces. They could also use it appropriately in formal writing or speaking.
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At the C1 level, learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. The word 'spouse' (配偶) would be understood in highly specialized or academic contexts, perhaps in discussions of sociology, law, or historical family structures. Its usage would be understood in its full formal and legal implications, and learners could employ it precisely in sophisticated arguments or analyses.
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At the C2 level, learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. The word 'spouse' (配偶) would be understood in its most nuanced applications, including archaic uses, specific legal jargon, or highly specialized academic discourse. Learners at this level would have an intuitive grasp of its register and appropriate usage in any conceivable context.
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

配偶 in 30 Seconds

  • Spouse: Husband or wife.
  • Formal term, used in official contexts.
  • Not for casual conversation.
  • Examples: legal documents, forms, news.
Core Meaning
The Chinese word 配偶 (pèi'ǒu) directly translates to 'spouse' in English. It refers to a person's husband or wife, encompassing both genders. It is a formal and somewhat official term used to denote the marital partner of an individual.
Usage Contexts
You will most commonly encounter 配偶 in formal settings, such as legal documents, official forms, and governmental communications. It is also used in news reports, academic discussions about family structures, and in more serious or professional conversations about marital status. While it is a correct term, it is not typically used in casual, everyday conversations among friends or family, where more common words like 老公 (lǎogōng - husband) or 老婆 (lǎopó - wife) are preferred.
Nuance and Formality
The character 配 (pèi) means 'to match' or 'to pair', and 偶 ('ǒu) means 'mate' or 'partner'. Together, they form a word that emphasizes the pairing of individuals in marriage. This sense of matching and partnership contributes to its formal and somewhat detached tone. It's a term that describes a role or status rather than conveying personal affection. For instance, in a survey asking about your marital status, you might be asked to indicate your 配偶. In contrast, when talking to a friend about your husband, you'd likely say '我老公' (wǒ lǎogōng) rather than '我的配偶' (wǒ de pèi'ǒu).
Examples in Practice
In legal contexts, one might see phrases like '申请人的配偶' (shēnqǐng rén de pèi'ǒu), meaning 'the applicant's spouse'. In discussions about demographics, a report might state, '调查显示，大部分受访者的配偶也参与了此次活动' (diàochá xiǎnshì, dà bùfèn shòufǎng zhě de pèi'ǒu yě cānyù le cǐ cì huódòng), meaning 'The survey shows that most respondents' spouses also participated in this event.' This illustrates the formal and objective use of the word.
Beyond Marriage
While primarily referring to a married partner, in some very specific and rare contexts, 配偶 might be used metaphorically to refer to a long-term, committed partner in a non-marital relationship, especially in contexts discussing partnership in a broader sense, but this is uncommon and not its primary meaning. For standard usage, always consider it as husband or wife.

我在填写表格时需要提供我配偶的信息。

Formal Declarations
配偶 is frequently used when making official statements or filling out forms that require information about one's marital status. It's a neutral term that signifies the legally recognized partner.

请填写您的配偶姓名和联系方式。

Legal and Official Documents
In legal contexts, such as divorce proceedings, inheritance discussions, or immigration applications, the term 配偶 is standard. It ensures clarity and avoids ambiguity regarding who the legal spouse is.

根据法律，配偶享有一定的继承权。

News and Reports
Journalists and researchers often use 配偶 when reporting on social trends, family structures, or when quoting individuals in a formal capacity, maintaining an objective tone.

该调查关注了已婚人士及其配偶的职业发展。

Academic Discussions
In sociology, psychology, or economics, when discussing family units or marital relationships in a scholarly context, 配偶 is the appropriate term to use for scientific accuracy and formality.

研究表明，稳定的配偶关系对个人幸福感有积极影响。

Official Announcements
Government bodies or organizations making public announcements about policies related to families or married individuals might use 配偶 to maintain an official tone.

公司为员工及其配偶提供健康保险。

Government Offices and Forms
This is perhaps the most common place you'll encounter 配偶. Whether you are applying for a visa, registering a marriage, or filling out tax forms, official documents invariably use this term to refer to your husband or wife. You might hear officials using it when asking for information: '请问您的配偶叫什么名字？' (Qǐngwèn nín de pèi'ǒu jiào shénme míngzì? - May I ask your spouse's name?).

在民政局，工作人员会询问关于配偶的信息。

Legal Settings
Lawyers, judges, and court clerks will use 配偶 when discussing marital rights, divorce settlements, or inheritance. It is the precise legal term for a spouse. You might hear a lawyer say: '根据协议，您需要向您的配偶支付一部分财产。' (Gēnjù xiéyì, nín xūyào xiàng nín de pèi'ǒu zhīfù yī bùfèn cáichǎn. - According to the agreement, you need to pay a portion of the assets to your spouse.)

离婚案件中，关于配偶的财产分割是关键。

News Broadcasts and Formal Reports
When reporting on social issues, demographics, or public policy related to families, news anchors and reporters will use 配偶. For example: '最新的统计数据显示，越来越多的年轻人选择晚婚，其配偶也往往是首次结婚。' (Zuìxīn de tǒngjì shùjù xiǎnshì, yuè lái yuè duō de niánqīng rén xuǎnzé wǎnhūn, qí pèi'ǒu yě wǎngwǎng shì shǒucì jiéhūn. - The latest statistics show that more and more young people choose to marry late, and their spouses are also often getting married for the first time.)

新闻报道中经常提到配偶的权利和义务。

Academic Lectures and Publications
In academic discussions about sociology, psychology, or economics, particularly when analyzing family structures, marital satisfaction, or economic contributions of households, scholars use 配偶 for precision. A professor might say in a lecture: '研究表明，经济压力是影响配偶关系的一个重要因素。' (Yánjiū biǎomíng, jīngjì yālì shì yǐngxiǎng pèi'ǒu guānxì de yīgè zhòngyào yīnsù. - Research indicates that economic pressure is an important factor affecting spousal relationships.)

在社会学研究中，配偶是一个核心的分析单位。

Business and HR
Companies, especially when discussing benefits packages like health insurance or retirement plans, will refer to employees' spouses as 配偶. An HR representative might state: '本公司为员工及其配偶提供全面的医疗保险计划。' (Běn gōngsī wèi yuángōng jí qí pèi'ǒu tígōng quánmiàn de yīliáo bǎoxiǎn jìhuà. - This company provides comprehensive medical insurance plans for employees and their spouses.)

在公司政策中，‘配偶’通常指合法结婚的伴侣。

Using it in Casual Conversation
The most common mistake is using 配偶 in informal settings. When talking to friends, family, or even colleagues in a relaxed atmosphere, referring to your husband or wife as '我的配偶' (wǒ de pèi'ǒu) sounds very unnatural, overly formal, and can even come across as cold or distant. Native speakers would use terms like 老公 (lǎogōng) for husband and 老婆 (lǎopó) for wife in such contexts.

Incorrect: 我今天和我的配偶去看电影了。

Over-reliance on Direct Translation
Learners might mistakenly think that since 'spouse' is the English equivalent, they should use 配偶 in all situations where they would use 'spouse' in English. However, the register and common usage differ significantly. English speakers might use 'spouse' in slightly more informal contexts than Chinese speakers use 配偶. For example, in a survey question in English, 'What is your spouse's name?' is common, whereas in Chinese, the equivalent would be more formal. Relying solely on direct translation without considering the nuances of Chinese usage leads to awkward phrasing.

Incorrect: 我想介绍我的配偶给你认识。

Confusing it with 'Partner' in a broader sense
While 配偶 means spouse, the English word 'partner' can refer to business partners, dance partners, or romantic partners who are not married. Using 配偶 to refer to these other types of partners would be incorrect. For instance, you wouldn't call your business partner '我的配偶'. For a non-marital romantic partner, terms like 男朋友 (nánpéngyǒu - boyfriend) or 女朋友 (nǚpéngyǒu - girlfriend) are used, or more generally, 伴侣 (bànlǚ), which can also mean spouse but is more versatile.

Incorrect: 他是我多年的配偶，我们一起创业。

Assuming it's a gender-neutral term for 'lover'
配偶 specifically denotes a legal or marital spouse. It does not carry the romantic or affectionate connotations of a 'lover' or a 'partner' in a romantic relationship that might not yet be formalized. If you intend to convey affection or a romantic connection, other words are more appropriate.

Incorrect: 她是我唯一的配偶，我爱她。

老公 (lǎogōng) vs. 老婆 (lǎopó) vs. 配偶 (pèi'ǒu)
老公 (lǎogōng): This is the most common and affectionate term for 'husband' in everyday Mandarin. It is used in casual conversations among couples, friends, and family. It implies a close, personal relationship.
老婆 (lǎopó): Similarly, this is the most common and affectionate term for 'wife' in everyday Mandarin. It is used in casual settings and conveys warmth and familiarity.
配偶 (pèi'ǒu): This is a formal, neutral, and somewhat official term for 'spouse' (husband or wife). It is typically used in legal documents, government forms, news reports, and academic contexts. It lacks the personal warmth of 老公 or 老婆.

Scenario: Talking to a friend about your husband.
Correct: 我老公今天加班了。(Wǒ lǎogōng jīntiān jiābān le. - My husband worked overtime today.)
Incorrect: 我配偶今天加班了。(Wǒ pèi'ǒu jīntiān jiābān le. - Sounds too formal and unnatural.)

丈夫 (zhàngfū) vs. 妻子 (qīzi) vs. 配偶 (pèi'ǒu)
丈夫 (zhàngfū): This is a more formal term for 'husband' than 老公. It is still used in relatively formal contexts but is less stiff than 配偶. It can be used in written communication or when speaking about one's husband in a slightly more serious tone.
妻子 (qīzi): Similar to 丈夫, 妻子 is a more formal term for 'wife' than 老婆. It is appropriate for written contexts or when discussing one's wife in a more formal setting.
配偶 (pèi'ǒu): As mentioned, this is the most formal and official term, encompassing both husband and wife.

Scenario: A news report about a celebrity couple.
Correct: 演员张先生的丈夫是一位成功的商人。(Yǎnyuán Zhāng xiānshēng de zhàngfū shì yī wèi chénggōng de shāngrén. - Actor Mr. Zhang's husband is a successful businessman.)
Also acceptable, but more formal: 演员张先生的配偶是一位成功的商人。(Yǎnyuán Zhāng xiānshēng de pèi'ǒu shì yī wèi chénggōng de shāngrén.)

伴侣 (bànlǚ)
伴侣 (bànlǚ): This term means 'partner' or 'companion'. It can be used for a spouse, but it can also refer to a long-term romantic partner who is not married, or even a partner in other contexts (like dance partners, though less common). It is more versatile than 配偶 and can be used in both formal and semi-formal settings, but it lacks the strict legal implication of 配偶. It conveys a sense of partnership and companionship.

Scenario: Describing a long-term romantic relationship without marriage.
Correct: 他们在一起很多年了，是彼此的伴侣。(Tāmen zài yīqǐ hěnduō nián le, shì bǐcǐ de bànlǚ. - They have been together for many years and are each other's partners.)
Incorrect: 他是我多年的配偶。(Tā shì wǒ duōnián de pèi'ǒu. - Implies they are married, which might not be the case.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The character 偶 ('ǒu) itself has roots related to 'fitting together' or 'colliding', suggesting a natural union or coming together of two individuals. This etymological connection reinforces the idea of a destined or appropriate pairing in marriage. The formality of 配偶 suggests it was likely coined or popularized in more formal literary or administrative contexts rather than evolving from colloquial speech.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /pɛɪˈsuː/
US /pəˈsoʊ/
The stress is on the second syllable: pèi'ǒu.
Rhymes With
sou though low go show know slow toe
Common Errors
  • Mispronouncing the vowel sounds, especially the 'ou' in the second syllable.
  • Putting stress on the wrong syllable.
  • Confusing the formal tone with casual pronunciation.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

At CEFR A2, learners will encounter this word in simple written texts like forms or basic informational materials. Understanding its meaning is straightforward, but recognizing its formal register is key. Texts might include sentences like '请填写您的<mark>配偶</mark>信息' (Please fill in your spouse's information).

Writing 3/5

Learners at A2 can begin to use 配偶 correctly in simple sentences, particularly when filling out forms or describing family members in a formal context. Overuse in casual writing should be avoided.

Speaking 3/5

Using 配偶 in spoken Chinese at A2 is primarily for formal situations, like answering official questions. It is not common in everyday conversation, where 老公/老婆 are preferred.

Listening 3/5

Learners at A2 will likely hear 配偶 in formal spoken contexts, such as announcements, official instructions, or interviews. Comprehending its meaning in these situations is important.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

丈夫 (zhàngfū) 妻子 (qīzi) 老公 (lǎogōng) 老婆 (lǎopó) 婚姻 (hūnyīn)

Learn Next

伴侣 (bànlǚ) 夫妻 (fūqī) 结婚 (jiéhūn) 离婚 (líhūn) 合法 (héfǎ)

Advanced

财产分割 (cáichǎn fēngē) - Property division 继承权 (jìchéng quán) - Inheritance rights 家庭法 (jiātíng fǎ) - Family law 社会学 (shèhuìxué) - Sociology

Grammar to Know

Possessive '的' (de)

我的配偶 (wǒ de pèi'ǒu) - My spouse. The possessive particle '的' is commonly used to show ownership or association.

Noun Phrases

申请人的配偶 (shēnqǐng rén de pèi'ǒu) - The applicant's spouse. This demonstrates how nouns can be combined to form more complex phrases.

Formal vs. Informal Register

While '老公' is informal, '配偶' is formal. Choosing the correct register is crucial for effective communication.

Sentence Structure: Subject-Verb-Object

配偶享有权利 (pèi'ǒu xiǎngyǒu quánlì) - Spouse enjoys rights. This is a basic SVO sentence structure.

Adjective-Noun Modification

合法配偶 (héfǎ pèi'ǒu) - Legal spouse. Adjectives often precede the noun they modify.

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Examples by Level

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1

这是我的配偶。

This is my spouse.

Simple possessive + noun structure.

2

我需要填写配偶信息。

I need to fill in spouse information.

Verb + object structure, introducing the concept of required information.

3

他有配偶吗？

Does he have a spouse?

Simple question structure using a yes/no question particle.

4

我的配偶是老师。

My spouse is a teacher.

Possessive pronoun + noun + profession.

5

请写上配偶的名字。

Please write down the spouse's name.

Imperative sentence structure.

6

她配偶在中国工作。

Her spouse works in China.

Possessive pronoun + noun + verb + location.

7

表格需要配偶签名。

The form requires the spouse's signature.

Noun + verb structure, indicating a requirement.

8

我配偶喜欢看电影。

My spouse likes watching movies.

Possessive pronoun + noun + verb phrase.

1

根据公司规定，员工的配偶可以享受免费体检。

According to company regulations, employees' spouses can enjoy free health check-ups.

Using '的' for possession in a more complex sentence structure.

2

他在申请签证时，必须提供他配偶的身份证明。

When applying for a visa, he must provide his spouse's identification documents.

Temporal clause ('when') + main clause with modal verb 'must'.

3

社会调查显示，配偶之间的沟通频率对婚姻满意度有显著影响。

Social surveys show that the frequency of communication between spouses has a significant impact on marital satisfaction.

Complex noun phrase ('communication frequency between spouses') as the subject.

4

离婚协议中明确规定了配偶的财产分割方案。

The divorce agreement clearly stipulates the property division plan for the spouse.

Use of formal vocabulary ('stipulates', 'property division').

5

他很自豪地向朋友介绍了他的配偶。

He proudly introduced his spouse to his friends.

Adverb ('proudly') modifying the verb.

6

许多文化中，配偶的家庭成员也被视为家庭的一部分。

In many cultures, the spouse's family members are also considered part of the family.

Use of '的' to link possessor and possessed in a compound phrase.

7

她配偶是一位著名的艺术家，作品在国际上展出。

Her spouse is a famous artist whose works are exhibited internationally.

Relative clause implied ('whose works').

8

在某些传统节日里，人们会和配偶一起祭拜祖先。

During some traditional festivals, people worship ancestors together with their spouses.

Prepositional phrase indicating accompaniment ('together with').

1

该法案旨在保护配偶在婚姻关系中的合法权益，尤其是在财产继承方面。

This legislation aims to protect the legal rights of spouses in marital relationships, particularly concerning property inheritance.

Sophisticated vocabulary ('legislation', 'legitimate rights', 'property inheritance').

2

经济学家们正在研究配偶的就业状况如何影响家庭的整体消费能力。

Economists are studying how the employment status of spouses affects the overall consumption capacity of the family.

Complex subject ('employment status of spouses') and its effect.

3

在处理涉及配偶的法律事务时，务必咨询专业律师的意见。

When dealing with legal matters involving a spouse, it is imperative to seek advice from a professional lawyer.

Formal imperative structure and sophisticated vocabulary ('legal matters', 'imperative', 'seek advice').

4

历史文献中，对配偶角色的描述往往反映了当时的社会性别观念。

In historical documents, descriptions of the spouse's role often reflect the social gender norms of the time.

Complex noun phrase ('descriptions of the spouse's role') and abstract concepts ('social gender norms').

5

随着社会观念的演变，人们对配偶选择的标准也日益多元化。

As societal views evolve, the criteria for choosing a spouse are also becoming increasingly diverse.

Use of abstract nouns ('societal views', 'criteria', 'diversity').

6

在某些文化中，配偶的引入会显著改变家庭内部的权力结构。

In some cultures, the introduction of a spouse can significantly alter the power structure within a family.

Abstract concepts ('power structure', 'alter') and formal phrasing.

7

她配偶是一位杰出的学者，其研究成果对该领域产生了深远影响。

Her spouse is an outstanding scholar whose research findings have had a profound impact on the field.

Use of relative pronoun ('whose') and advanced vocabulary ('outstanding', 'profound impact').

8

对于跨国婚姻而言，配偶双方在文化适应方面面临的挑战尤为突出。

For international marriages, the challenges faced by both spouses in cultural adaptation are particularly prominent.

Complex noun phrases ('international marriages', 'cultural adaptation') and formal adjectives ('prominent').

1

该法律条文旨在规范配偶之间的财产关系，并为离婚后的经济分割提供明确依据。

This legal provision aims to regulate the property relations between spouses and provide a clear basis for economic division after divorce.

Highly formal and specialized legal terminology ('legal provision', 'regulate property relations', 'economic division', 'clear basis').

2

社会学家们正在探讨，在快速城市化进程中，配偶角色的演变如何影响家庭的社会功能。

Sociologists are exploring how the evolution of the spouse's role influences the social functions of the family during the rapid urbanization process.

Abstract concepts ('evolution of role', 'social functions', 'rapid urbanization process') and academic tone.

3

历史研究表明，在某些特定时期，配偶的选择往往受到家族利益和社会地位的严格制约。

Historical research indicates that during certain specific periods, the choice of spouse was often strictly constrained by family interests and social status.

Formal and academic language ('historical research indicates', 'strictly constrained', 'family interests', 'social status').

4

心理学研究揭示了配偶间的共情能力与关系持久性之间存在着复杂的正相关关系。

Psychological research reveals a complex positive correlation between the empathic abilities of spouses and the longevity of their relationship.

Specialized psychological terms ('empathic abilities', 'relationship longevity', 'complex positive correlation').

5

在跨文化婚姻的语境下，对配偶文化背景的理解与尊重是维系和谐关系的关键。

In the context of intercultural marriages, understanding and respecting the spouse's cultural background is key to maintaining a harmonious relationship.

Complex sentence structure with abstract concepts ('context of intercultural marriages', 'understanding and respect', 'maintaining a harmonious relationship').

6

该政策的目的是通过提供配偶支持服务，来减轻家庭在面对重大生活变故时的压力。

The purpose of this policy is to alleviate the pressure on families facing significant life changes by providing spousal support services.

Formal policy language ('purpose of this policy', 'alleviate pressure', 'significant life changes', 'spousal support services').

7

经济学理论认为，配偶之间的互补性有助于提高家庭整体的经济效率。

Economic theory suggests that the complementarity between spouses contributes to improving the overall economic efficiency of the family.

Economic terminology ('economic theory', 'complementarity', 'economic efficiency').

8

在处理复杂的家庭法案件时，法官需要审慎评估配偶双方的陈述和证据。

When handling complex family law cases, judges need to carefully evaluate the statements and evidence of both spouses.

Legal and formal language ('complex family law cases', 'judges', 'carefully evaluate', 'statements and evidence').

1

此项研究旨在解构配偶选择机制在不同社会经济背景下的异质性表现，并探究其对代际流动性的潜在影响。

This research aims to deconstruct the heterogeneous manifestations of spousal selection mechanisms across different socioeconomic backgrounds and to explore their potential impact on intergenerational mobility.

Highly specialized academic jargon ('deconstruct', 'heterogeneous manifestations', 'spousal selection mechanisms', 'socioeconomic backgrounds', 'intergenerational mobility').

2

在后现代主义视角下，配偶关系不再被视为固定的社会结构，而是动态建构的意义场域。

From a postmodernist perspective, the spousal relationship is no longer viewed as a fixed social structure but as a dynamically constructed field of meaning.

Philosophical and theoretical terminology ('postmodernist perspective', 'fixed social structure', 'dynamically constructed field of meaning').

3

历史学界对于古代配偶制度的演变及其对政治权力分配的影响，仍存在着旷日持久的学术争论。

Within the academic community of historians, there remains a protracted scholarly debate regarding the evolution of ancient spousal systems and their influence on the distribution of political power.

Formal historical and academic discourse ('academic community of historians', 'protracted scholarly debate', 'ancient spousal systems', 'distribution of political power').

4

该文学批评理论认为，文本中人物的配偶形象往往是作者潜意识中社会期望与个体欲望相互博弈的投射。

This literary criticism theory posits that the portrayal of a character's spouse in a text is often a projection of the author's subconscious interplay between societal expectations and individual desires.

Literary theory jargon ('literary criticism theory', 'posits', 'portrayal', 'subconscious interplay', 'societal expectations', 'individual desires', 'projection').

5

在法律实践中，对于非传统配偶关系的承认与否，常常引发关于法律体系适应性的深刻反思。

In legal practice, the recognition or non-recognition of non-traditional spousal relationships often triggers profound reflections on the adaptability of the legal system.

Legal and philosophical terminology ('legal practice', 'non-traditional spousal relationships', 'adaptability of the legal system', 'profound reflections').

6

人类学研究着重于分析不同文明中配偶互动的社会仪式及其象征意义，以揭示其文化本质。

Anthropological research focuses on analyzing the social rituals of spousal interactions in different civilizations and their symbolic meanings to reveal their cultural essence.

Anthropological terms ('anthropological research', 'social rituals', 'symbolic meanings', 'cultural essence').

7

基因学研究初步揭示了某些基因变异可能与配偶选择的偏好存在某种程度的关联性。

Genetic research has preliminarily revealed that certain gene variations may exhibit a degree of correlation with preferences in spousal selection.

Scientific and technical terms ('genetic research', 'gene variations', 'correlation', 'spousal selection preferences').

8

在当代哲学辩论中，关于配偶契约的本质及其道德基础的探讨，已成为一个重要的议题。

In contemporary philosophical debates, the discussion concerning the nature of the spousal contract and its moral foundations has become a significant topic.

Philosophical concepts ('contemporary philosophical debates', 'spousal contract', 'moral foundations', 'significant topic').

Common Collocations

我的配偶 (wǒ de pèi'ǒu)
申请人的配偶 (shēnqǐng rén de pèi'ǒu)
员工的配偶 (yuángōng de pèi'ǒu)
寻找配偶 (xúnzhǎo pèi'ǒu)
介绍配偶 (jièshào pèi'ǒu)
合法配偶 (héfǎ pèi'ǒu)
前任配偶 (qiánrèn pèi'ǒu)
名义上的配偶 (míngyì shàng de pèi'ǒu)
共同的配偶 (gòngtóng de pèi'ǒu)
隐瞒配偶 (yǐnmán pèi'ǒu)

Common Phrases

我的配偶

— My spouse.

我需要填写我配偶的信息。

他的/她的配偶

— His/Her spouse.

他的配偶是一名医生。

申请人的配偶

— The applicant's spouse.

请提供申请人的配偶的签证申请表。

合法配偶

— Legal spouse.

只有合法的配偶才能继承财产。

前任配偶

— Former spouse.

处理前任配偶的财产分割问题很复杂。

寻找配偶

— Looking for a spouse.

他是一位成功的商人，但一直在寻找配偶。

介绍配偶

— Introduce spouse.

我很高兴能把我的配偶介绍给你们。

配偶栏

— Spouse column (on a form).

请在表格的配偶栏里填写姓名。

没有配偶

— No spouse.

他目前没有配偶，处于单身状态。

配偶团聚

— Spousal reunion (often immigration-related).

许多国家都有配偶团聚的移民政策。

Often Confused With

配偶 vs 伴侣 (bànlǚ)

While 伴侣 can mean spouse, it's more general and can also refer to a non-marital partner or companion. 配偶 specifically refers to a legal or married spouse.

配偶 vs 情侣 (qínglǚ)

情侣 refers to a dating couple or romantic partners, not married individuals. It lacks the formal and legal implications of 配偶.

配偶 vs 丈夫/妻子 (zhàngfū/qīzi)

These are more formal than 老公/老婆 but less official and legalistic than 配偶. They are often used in written contexts or more serious personal discussions.

Idioms & Expressions

"百年好合 (bǎi nián hǎo hé)"

— May you have a long and happy life together (a blessing for newlyweds). While not directly using 'spouse', it's a wish for the couple.

祝你们百年好合，永结同心！

Formal/Traditional
"举案齐眉 (jǔ àn qí méi)"

— To treat one's wife with respect (literally, to lift the tray to the level of the eyebrows). Refers to an ideal spousal relationship characterized by mutual respect.

他们夫妻举案齐眉，恩爱有加。

Literary/Formal
"相敬如宾 (xiāng jìng rú bīn)"

— To treat each other as one would a honored guest; to maintain mutual respect in a marriage.

他们的婚姻相敬如宾，令人羡慕。

Formal/Literary
"夫唱妇随 (fū chàng fù suí)"

— Husband sings, wife follows; describes a traditional ideal where the wife obediently follows the husband's lead. (Note: This idiom reflects older societal norms and can be seen as outdated or even problematic today).

在过去，夫唱妇随被认为是理想的夫妻关系。

Traditional/Formal (potentially dated)
"白头偕老 (bái tóu xié lǎo)"

— To grow old together; a wish for a couple to remain together until old age.

希望天下所有配偶都能白头偕老。

Formal/Blessing
"破镜重圆 (pò jìng chóng yuán)"

— A broken mirror is rejoined; refers to a couple reuniting after a separation or divorce.

经过多年的努力，他们终于破镜重圆。

Literary/Formal
"同甘共苦 (tóng gān gòng kǔ)"

— Share sweetness and bitterness; endure hardships and enjoy happiness together. Describes a strong spousal bond.

真正的配偶应该能够同甘共苦。

Formal/Proverbial
"比翼双飞 (bǐ yì shuāng fēi)"

— Fly wing to wing (like mythical birds); describes a couple who are inseparable and devoted to each other.

他们比翼双飞，无论走到哪里都在一起。

Literary/Poetic
"青梅竹马 (qīng méi zhú mǎ)"

— Green plums and bamboo horses; describes childhood sweethearts who grow up to be a couple. Implies a long-standing relationship leading to marriage.

他们俩是青梅竹马，最终成为了配偶。

Literary/Informal
"执子之手，与子偕老 (zhí zǐ zhī shǒu, yǔ zǐ xié lǎo)"

— Hold your hand, grow old with you (from the Book of Songs). A classic expression of lifelong commitment between partners.

这句诗执子之手，与子偕老，是许多配偶的爱情誓言。

Classical/Literary

Easily Confused

配偶 vs 伴侣 (bànlǚ)

Both terms can refer to a married partner.

配偶 is strictly formal and legal, referring to a husband or wife. 伴侣 is broader; it can mean spouse, but also a long-term romantic partner who isn't married, or even a companion. 配偶 implies legal status, while 伴侣 implies a partnership which may or may not be legally recognized.

他是我多年的<mark>伴侣</mark>。(He is my long-time partner/companion.) vs. 请填写您的<mark>配偶</mark>姓名。(Please fill in your spouse's name.)

配偶 vs 丈夫/妻子 (zhàngfū/qīzi)

These are also terms for husband and wife.

丈夫 and 妻子 are formal terms, suitable for written or slightly more serious spoken contexts than 老公 and 老婆. However, 配偶 is even more formal and official, often used in legal or administrative contexts where a precise, neutral term is required. You might say '我的丈夫' in a formal introduction, but you'd fill out '配偶' on a government form.

我的<mark>丈夫</mark>是一位医生。(My husband is a doctor.) vs. 申请表的<mark>配偶</mark>栏。(The spouse column on the application form.)

配偶 vs 老公/老婆 (lǎogōng/lǎopó)

These are the most common terms for husband and wife.

These are highly informal and affectionate terms used in casual conversation. Using them in formal settings like legal documents or official announcements would be inappropriate and unprofessional. 配偶 is the formal counterpart, devoid of personal affection.

我<mark>老公</mark>今天下班早。(My husband got off work early today.) vs. 填写表格时，请注明<mark>配偶</mark>信息。(When filling out the form, please indicate spouse information.)

配偶 vs 情侣 (qínglǚ)

Both relate to romantic relationships.

情侣 refers to a dating couple or romantic partners who are not married. It implies a romantic relationship but not the legal or marital status associated with a spouse. 配偶 specifically denotes a husband or wife.

他们是一对<mark>情侣</mark>，经常一起逛街。(They are a couple and often go shopping together.) vs. 法律规定<mark>配偶</mark>有继承权。(The law stipulates that spouses have inheritance rights.)

配偶 vs 单身 (dānshēn)

Both relate to marital status.

单身 means single or unmarried. It is the state of not having a spouse. 配偶 refers to the person one is married to, thus being the opposite of being single.

他目前<mark>单身</mark>，没有<mark>配偶</mark>。(He is currently single and has no spouse.)

Sentence Patterns

A2

Subject + 是 + 我的<mark>配偶</mark>

他是我<mark>配偶</mark>。

A2

Subject + 需要 + 填写<mark>配偶</mark>信息

我需要填写<mark>配偶</mark>信息。

B1

根据 + Noun + ，<mark>配偶</mark> + Verb

根据规定，<mark>配偶</mark>可以享受福利。

B1

当 + Clause + ，<mark>配偶</mark> + Verb

当申请签证时，需要提供<mark>配偶</mark>的身份证明。

B2

Noun Phrase + 影响 + <mark>配偶</mark> + Relationship

经济压力影响<mark>配偶</mark>关系。

B2

在 + Context + ，<mark>配偶</mark> + Verb Phrase

在离婚案件中，<mark>配偶</mark>的财产分割是关键。

C1

旨在 + Verb + <mark>配偶</mark> + Noun Phrase

该法案旨在保护<mark>配偶</mark>的合法权益。

C1

Noun Phrase + 关于<mark>配偶</mark> + Verb Phrase

关于<mark>配偶</mark>选择的研究正在进行中。

Word Family

Nouns

配偶 (pèi'ǒu)

Related

婚姻 (hūnyīn) - Marriage
夫妻 (fūqī) - Husband and wife
伴侣 (bànlǚ) - Partner, companion
结婚 (jiéhūn) - To get married
离婚 (líhūn) - To divorce
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How to Use It

frequency

Medium (in formal contexts), Low (in casual contexts)

Common Mistakes
  • Using 配偶 in casual conversation. → 我老公/我老婆今天很累。

    配偶 is too formal for everyday talk. Use 老公 (lǎogōng) for husband and 老婆 (lǎopó) for wife in informal settings to sound natural.

  • Confusing 配偶 with 'partner' in a non-marital context. → 他是我的男朋友/女朋友。

    配偶 specifically means husband or wife. For a romantic partner who isn't married, use terms like 男朋友 (nánpéngyǒu) or 女朋友 (nǚpéngyǒu), or the more general 伴侣 (bànlǚ).

  • Using 配偶 when 丈夫/妻子 would be more appropriate. → 我的丈夫是一位成功的商人。

    While 配偶 is formal, 丈夫 (zhàngfū) and 妻子 (qīzi) are also formal but can be used in slightly less official contexts, like a formal introduction or a written piece where a personal touch is still desired.

  • Assuming 配偶 is always the best translation for 'spouse'. → It depends on the context. For casual talk, use 老公/老婆. For formal documents, use 配偶.

    Direct translation can be misleading. The register and cultural context of Chinese usage are crucial. 'Spouse' in English can sometimes be used more broadly than 配偶 in Chinese.

  • Overusing 配偶 in spoken language. → In spoken language, try to use 老公/老婆 or 丈夫/妻子 unless the context is highly formal (e.g., giving a speech at a government event).

    Spoken Chinese often favors more personal or less stiff terms. Overusing 配偶 in speech can make you sound like you are reading from a script or are unfamiliar with natural conversation.

Tips

Master the Formal Register

配偶 is your go-to word for formal settings. Think legal documents, government forms, and official announcements. Using it here is correct and professional. Avoid it in casual chats with friends about your husband or wife.

Pronounce with Clarity

Pay attention to the pronunciation, especially the second syllable 'ǒu'. Aim for a clear, slightly formal tone. Practice saying it in sentences related to official matters to get the feel right.

Compare with Casual Terms

Actively contrast '配偶' with '老公' and '老婆'. Understanding these differences will solidify when and why to use each word, preventing awkward language use.

Practice in Formal Sentences

Create sentences that mimic formal usage. For example, '根据公司政策，员工的配偶享有带薪休假。' (According to company policy, employees' spouses are entitled to paid leave.) This helps internalize the word's formal function.

Know Your Synonyms

Be aware of related terms like 丈夫 (zhàngfū) and 妻子 (qīzi), which are also formal but less official than 配偶. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the most precise word for your needs.

Understand the Opposite

Knowing that 'single' (单身 dānshēn) or 'unmarried' (未婚 wèihūn) are antonyms helps define what a 'spouse' is – someone who is legally married.

Appreciate Cultural Context

Recognize that the formal nature of 配偶 reflects cultural values placed on legal unions and official recognition of marital status in certain contexts.

Use Mnemonics

Associate '配偶' with formal settings like signing a marriage license or filling out a tax form. Visualize the characters as representing a 'paired' (配) 'mate' (偶) in a very official capacity.

Test Yourself

Regularly quiz yourself: 'What's the formal word for spouse?' or 'When would I use 配偶?' Active recall strengthens memory and ensures correct usage.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'pèi' sounding like 'pay' and 'ǒu' sounding like 'oh'. Imagine paying a lot of money (pay) to get your perfect match (oh!) – your spouse. Or, 'pèi' as in 'pair' and 'ǒu' as in 'out' (as in, they are 'out' together as a pair).

Visual Association

Picture a formal wedding certificate or a legal document with a prominent space for 'Spouse's Name'. Imagine a formal couple, dressed impeccably, signing this document.

Word Web

Spouse Husband Wife Marriage Formal Legal Official Partner Documents

Challenge

Try to use '配偶' in a sentence when describing a fictional legal case or a government policy. For example, 'The new law requires employers to provide benefits to the 配偶 of their employees.'

Word Origin

The word 配偶 (pèi'ǒu) is a compound word in Chinese. The character 配 (pèi) means 'to match', 'to pair', or 'to be worthy of'. The character 偶 ('ǒu) means 'mate', 'partner', or 'couple'. Together, they literally mean 'matched mate' or 'paired partner', emphasizing the concept of a couple being matched or suited for each other.

Original meaning: To be matched or suited as a mate/partner.

Sino-Tibetan

Cultural Context

The term 配偶 is neutral and formal, making it generally safe to use in most contexts where a formal reference to a spouse is required. However, using it in intimate or casual conversations can be perceived as cold or impersonal. It's important to match the word's register to the social situation.

In English-speaking cultures, 'spouse' is often used in formal contexts like legal documents and official surveys, similar to 配偶. However, English speakers might also use 'spouse' in slightly more relaxed conversations than Chinese speakers would use 配偶.

Legal documents (e.g., marriage certificates, divorce papers). Government forms (e.g., tax returns, visa applications). News reports discussing family law or demographics.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Filling out official forms (e.g., visa applications, tax forms).

  • 我的配偶
  • 配偶姓名
  • 配偶信息

Legal proceedings (e.g., divorce, inheritance).

  • 合法配偶
  • 前任配偶
  • 配偶权利

News reports and academic articles about family and society.

  • 配偶关系
  • 配偶选择
  • 配偶支持

Company benefits and HR policies.

  • 员工的配偶
  • 为配偶提供福利

Formal introductions or discussions about marital status.

  • 我的配偶是...
  • 他是她的配偶

Conversation Starters

"Have you ever had to fill out a form that asked for 'spouse information'?"

"When would you typically use the word 'spouse' in English versus more casual terms?"

"What are some of the differences in how 'spouse' is used in formal vs. informal contexts in Chinese?"

"Can you think of a situation where using 'spouse' instead of 'husband' or 'wife' would be more appropriate?"

"How important is it to use the correct register when talking about marital relationships?"

Journal Prompts

Describe a scenario where you would need to use the word '配偶' in Chinese. What kind of document or situation would it be?

Compare and contrast the usage of '配偶' with '老公' and '老婆'. When is each appropriate?

Write a short formal announcement about a company policy regarding employee spouses, using the word '配偶'.

Imagine you are writing a legal document. How would you refer to the husband or wife of a client using the most formal term?

Reflect on the cultural significance of formal terms for marital relationships in different societies.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

The main difference lies in formality and usage. 老公 (lǎogōng) for husband and 老婆 (lǎopó) for wife are informal, affectionate terms used in casual conversations among couples, friends, and family. 配偶 (pèi'ǒu) is a formal, neutral term for 'spouse' used in official documents, legal contexts, news reports, and academic discussions. Using 配偶 in casual talk would sound unnatural and overly stiff.

You should use 配偶 when you are filling out official forms (like visa applications, tax forms), in legal documents, in formal written communication (like business letters or academic papers), or when discussing matters related to marriage in a formal or governmental context. It's the precise term for 'spouse' in these settings.

No, 配偶 specifically refers to a legal spouse (husband or wife). If you want to refer to a partner in a romantic relationship who is not married, you would use terms like 男朋友 (nánpéngyǒu - boyfriend), 女朋友 (nǚpéngyǒu - girlfriend), or the more general 伴侣 (bànlǚ - partner/companion).

Yes, 配偶 is gender-neutral. It refers to either a husband or a wife, much like 'spouse' in English. It denotes the marital partner without specifying gender.

Common phrases include '我的配偶' (wǒ de pèi'ǒu - my spouse), '申请人的配偶' (shēnqǐng rén de pèi'ǒu - the applicant's spouse), '合法配偶' (héfǎ pèi'ǒu - legal spouse), and '前任配偶' (qiánrèn pèi'ǒu - former spouse). You might also see it in contexts like '配偶栏' (pèi'ǒu lán - spouse column on a form).

The pronunciation is roughly 'pèi' (like 'pay') followed by 'ǒu' (like 'oh' in 'go'). The stress is on the second syllable. In UK English, it might sound like /pɛɪˈsuː/, and in US English, /pəˈsoʊ/.

While not using the word '配偶' directly, there are idioms that describe ideal spousal relationships, such as '举案齐眉' (jǔ àn qí méi - to treat one's wife with respect), '相敬如宾' (xiāng jìng rú bīn - to treat each other as honored guests), and '白头偕老' (bái tóu xié lǎo - to grow old together). These reflect cultural ideals of marriage.

The main risk is sounding overly formal, stiff, or even impersonal in casual conversations. It can create a disconnect if used in a context where intimacy or familiarity is expected. Conversely, not using it in a formal legal or administrative context could lead to ambiguity or misunderstandings.

Certainly. A news report might say: '该调查关注了已婚人士及其配偶的职业发展。' (Gāi diàochá guānzhù le yǐhūn rénshì jí qí pèi'ǒu de zhíyè fāzhǎn. - The survey focused on the career development of married individuals and their spouses.)

The character 配 (pèi) means 'to match' or 'to pair', and 偶 ('ǒu) means 'mate' or 'partner'. So, literally, it means 'matched mate' or 'paired partner', emphasizing the concept of a suitable union.

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