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کمد کتاب

B1 noun 8 min de leitura

کمد کتاب

komod-e ketab

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas کمد کتاب em 30 segundos

Explicação کمد کتاب in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'Komod-e Ketāb' means 'bookcase'. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'I have a bookcase' or 'The book is in the bookcase'. Focus on the two parts: 'Komod' (cupboard) and 'Ketab' (book). Remember the small 'e' sound that connects them. It is a concrete noun, meaning it's a physical object you can see and touch. You might see this word in a picture dictionary for beginners. Practice saying it slowly: Ko-mod-e Ke-tāb. Imagine a small cupboard with your favorite books inside. This will help you remember the meaning. At this stage, don't worry about complex grammar, just focus on identifying the object in a room.

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At the A2 level, you can start describing the 'Komod-e Ketāb'. Is it big (bozorg) or small (koochak)? Is it brown (ghahve-yi) or white (sefid)? You can also use simple prepositions like 'dar' (in) or 'kenār-e' (beside). For example, 'The bookcase is beside the window'. You are learning to express needs, so you might say, 'I need a new bookcase'. You can also use the plural form 'Komod-hā-ye ketāb' if you have more than one. Start associating the word with common verbs like 'buy' (kharidan) or 'look at' (negāh kardan). This word is very useful when describing your room or house to a friend in Persian.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'Komod-e Ketāb' in more detailed descriptions and narratives. You can talk about organizing your books, using the verb 'chidan' (to arrange). You might explain why you chose a specific bookcase, perhaps because it matches your other furniture. You can use relative clauses: 'The bookcase that I bought last week is very sturdy'. You should also be aware of the synonym 'ketābkhāneh' and when to use 'komod-e ketāb' for more specificity. This level involves talking about habits, so you could discuss how often you clean your bookcase or how you categorize your books within it (by genre, color, or author).

At the B2 level, you can use 'Komod-e Ketāb' in more abstract or technical discussions. You might talk about interior design trends in Iran and how the 'Komod-e Ketab' has evolved from traditional niches to modern minimalist designs. You can discuss the materials used, like 'chub-e gerdoo' (walnut wood) or 'felez' (metal), and their pros and cons. You should be able to follow a conversation about assembling furniture or instructions for a DIY bookcase project. Your vocabulary should include words like 'tabagheh' (layer/shelf) and 'dargah' (opening). You can also use the word in hypothetical scenarios: 'If I had more space, I would buy a floor-to-ceiling bookcase'.

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At the C1 level, 'Komod-e Ketāb' becomes a tool for sophisticated expression. You might use it in a literary sense, describing a character's personality through the state of their bookcase—whether it's overflowing with chaotic knowledge or meticulously ordered. You can discuss the sociology of the Iranian home and the symbolic value of having a large 'Komod-e Ketab' as a sign of 'roshan-fekri' (intellectualism). You should be able to understand nuances in formal texts or furniture catalogs that use technical jargon. You can also use the term in idiomatic ways or metaphors, perhaps comparing a person's mind to a well-stocked bookcase.

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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over the term 'Komod-e Ketāb' and its various connotations. You can engage in deep cultural critiques about the decline of physical books in the digital age and what that means for the future of the 'Komod-e Ketāb' in Persian households. You can appreciate the word's etymological journey from French and Arabic into the heart of Persian domestic life. You can write essays or give presentations on the history of Persian libraries and furniture, using 'Komod-e Ketab' as a specific example of modern material culture. You can also navigate complex legal or commercial documents related to the furniture industry with ease.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

کمد کتاب em 30 segundos

A compound noun meaning 'bookcase' or 'book cupboard'.
Essential for describing home interiors and study spaces.
Formed from French 'commode' and Arabic 'ketab' with an Ezafe.
Commonly used interchangeably with 'ketab-khaneh' in casual speech.

The term کمد کتاب (Komod-e Ketāb) is a compound noun in Persian that literally translates to 'cupboard of book' or more naturally, a 'bookcase' or 'bookshelf cabinet'. In the modern Persian household, this piece of furniture represents more than just storage; it is often a centerpiece of the living room or study, signaling the intellectual pursuits of the inhabitants. Historically, Persian homes utilized niches in the walls called tāqcheh to store items, but with the westernization of furniture in the 19th and 20th centuries, the French word 'commode' was borrowed into Persian as 'komod'. When combined with 'ketāb' (book), it specifically refers to a furniture unit designed to house a collection of literature.

Etymological Root: The word 'Komod' originates from the French 'commode', while 'Ketāb' is an Arabic loanword deeply integrated into Persian for centuries. The 'e' sound connecting them is the 'Ezafe' construction, the grammatical glue of Persian.
Social Context: In Iranian culture, showing hospitality often involves showing one's home. A well-organized 'Komod-e Ketab' is a point of pride, often displaying classic poetry by Hafez or Rumi alongside modern novels.

ما برای اتاق مطالعه‌مان یک کمد کتاب بزرگ و چوبی سفارش دادیم تا تمام دیوان‌های شعر را در آن بگذاریم.

(We ordered a large wooden bookcase for our study room to put all the poetry collections in it.)

Usage varies depending on the physical structure. While qafaseh-ye ketāb refers specifically to open shelves, کمد کتاب often implies a more substantial piece of furniture, perhaps with glass doors or drawers at the bottom. It is a term you will encounter frequently when apartment hunting or shopping at furniture hubs like Yaft-Abad in Tehran. It is also a common feature in educational settings, where teachers might ask students to return a dictionary to the 'komod'.

آیا این کمد کتاب قفل هم دارد؟

(Does this bookcase also have a lock?)

In literature and film, the 'komod-e ketab' can serve as a symbol of hidden secrets or long-lost memories. A character might find an old photograph hidden behind the rows of books. Linguistically, it is a very stable term, though younger generations might simply say 'ketāb-khuneh' (library) to refer to the furniture itself, a common metonymy in spoken Persian.

او تمام شب را صرف چیدن کتاب‌ها در کمد کتاب جدیدش کرد.

(He spent the whole night arranging the books in his new bookcase.)

Materiality: Traditionally made of walnut (gerdoo) or oak (baloot), modern versions are often MDF or metal, especially in offices.

این کمد کتاب فلزی برای بایگانی مدارک بسیار مناسب است.

(This metal bookcase is very suitable for archiving documents.)

Using کمد کتاب in a sentence requires an understanding of Persian sentence structure (Subject-Object-Verb). Because it is a compound noun, it acts as a single unit when taking suffixes or prepositions. Whether you are describing its location, its contents, or its physical attributes, the word remains central to domestic and academic vocabulary. Learners at the B1 level should focus on combining this noun with descriptive adjectives and active verbs like chidan (to arrange) or jā dādan (to fit/place).

Descriptive Usage: When adding adjectives, the Ezafe follows the entire compound: 'Komod-e ketab-e bozorg' (The big bookcase).

من یک کمد کتاب کوچک در گوشه اتاق دارم.

(I have a small bookcase in the corner of the room.)

In more complex sentences, 'کمد کتاب' can be the object of a preposition. For example, 'dar' (in) or 'roo-ye' (on). If you are talking about putting something inside a bookcase that has doors, 'dar' is most appropriate. If it is an open shelf type, 'dar' still works as 'within the space of'.

لطفاً آن کتاب قرمز را در کمد کتاب بگذار.

(Please put that red book in the bookcase.)

Verbs associated with maintenance and organization are also crucial. You might 'clean' (tamiz kardan) the bookcase or 'move' (jā-be-jā kardan) it. In Iranian culture, during 'Khaneh-tekani' (spring cleaning before Nowruz), the 'komod-e ketab' is a primary target for dusting and reorganization.

گردگیری کمد کتاب وقت زیادی از من گرفت.

(Dusting the bookcase took a lot of my time.)

Finally, consider the possessive. If you want to say 'my bookcase', you say 'komod-e ketāb-am'. This uses the pronominal suffix '-am'. This is very common in spoken Persian. If the bookcase belongs to a library, it is 'komod-e ketāb-e ketābkhāneh'.

کمد کتاب من پر از رمان‌های تاریخی است.

(My bookcase is full of historical novels.)

Action Verbs: Kharidan (to buy), Sākhtan (to build), Khāli kardan (to empty), Por kardan (to fill).

پدرم خودش این کمد کتاب را ساخته است.

(My father built this bookcase himself.)

In the real world, you will encounter کمد کتاب in various environments ranging from domestic life to commercial spaces. If you visit a furniture district like Hassan-Abad in Tehran, you will hear shopkeepers shouting or advertising 'komod-e ketāb' alongside 'miz-e tahrir' (desks). It's a fundamental term for interior design conversations. When Iranians move houses, the 'komod-e ketab' is often the heaviest and most discussed item during the move, often requiring disassembly.

Furniture Markets: 'Agha, in komod-e ketab chand e?' (Sir, how much is this bookcase?) is a standard phrase in bazaars.

در نمایشگاه مبلمان، زیباترین کمد کتابها را دیدیم.

(At the furniture exhibition, we saw the most beautiful bookcases.)

In educational contexts, such as schools (madreseh) or universities (dāneshgāh), students often use these words when talking about where they left their belongings or where specific reference books are kept. A librarian might say, 'The encyclopedias are in the third bookcase from the left.' This highlights the word's utility in providing spatial directions.

کتاب‌های مرجع در آن کمد کتاب انتهای سالن هستند.

(The reference books are in that bookcase at the end of the hall.)

Another place you'll hear this is in 'Vlog' culture or home decor videos on Iranian social media (Instagram/Telegram). Influencers often show off their 'book nooks' or 'study corners', using terms like 'komod-e ketab-e modern' or 'minimal'. This shows the word's adaptation to contemporary lifestyle trends. Even in office settings, 'komod-e ketab' is used to refer to the cabinets where manuals and catalogs are kept.

او در ویدیویش نشان داد که چطور کمد کتابش را تزیین کرده است.

(She showed in her video how she decorated her bookcase.)

Academic Environments: Often used in faculty offices to describe the shelving of research journals and theses.

استاد کتاب را از کمد کتابش برداشت و به من داد.

(The professor took the book from his bookcase and gave it to me.)

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is forgetting the Ezafe (the short '-e-' sound) between 'komod' and 'ketab'. Without this connection, it sounds like two unrelated words: 'Cupboard Book'. Always remember it's Komod-e Ketāb. Another mistake is confusing کمد کتاب with کتابخانه (ketābkhāneh). While 'ketābkhāneh' means 'library' (the building or institution), it is also very commonly used to mean 'bookcase' in daily speech. However, 'komod-e ketāb' is more specific to the furniture piece itself.

Ezafe Omission: Wrong: 'Komod Ketab' | Right: 'Komod-e Ketab'.

اشتباه: من کمد کتاب خریدم. (Pronounced without Ezafe)

(Incorrect: I bought [a] cupboard book.)

Another common point of confusion is between 'komod' and 'qafaseh'. A qafaseh is a single shelf or a rack, whereas a komod is usually an enclosed or semi-enclosed piece of furniture. If you are describing a built-in wall shelf, 'qafaseh' or 'shalf' (the loanword) is better. Using 'komod' for a single floating shelf would be technically incorrect. Furthermore, do not confuse it with 'komod-e lebās' (wardrobe/closet), which is for clothes.

نباید کمد کتاب را با کمد لباس اشتباه بگیرید.

(You should not mistake a bookcase for a wardrobe.)

Learners also sometimes struggle with the pluralization. While 'komod-e ketab-ha' (bookcases) is understood, the more formal and grammatically precise way is to pluralize the first noun: 'komod-ha-ye ketab'. However, in casual speech, many people treat the whole compound as a single word and add the plural at the end. Be aware of these register differences.

در این اتاق دو کمد کتاب بزرگ وجود دارد.

(There are two large bookcases in this room.)

Metonymy Confusion: Using 'Ketab-khaneh' for the furniture is okay, but 'Komod-e Ketab' is never used for the building.

Persian has several words related to book storage, each with its own nuance. Understanding these will help you sound more like a native speaker. The most common alternative to کمد کتاب is کتابخانه (ketābkhāneh). While technically meaning 'library', it is the standard word used by most Iranians when referring to their personal bookcase at home. If you want to sound very specific about the furniture, 'komod-e ketāb' is your best bet.

Ketab-khaneh vs. Komod-e Ketab: 'Ketab-khaneh' is general (library/bookcase). 'Komod-e Ketab' is specific furniture (book cupboard).
Qafaseh: 'Qafaseh' refers to the individual shelves. You might say a 'komod' has four 'qafaseh'.

من کتاب‌هایم را در قفسه بالای کمد گذاشتم.

(I put my books on the shelf above the cupboard.)

Another interesting word is ganjeh. This is an older, more traditional word for a cupboard or closet. While not commonly used for books today, you might find it in classical literature or when talking to older generations about antique furniture. For very modern, minimalist shelving, many Iranians now use the English loanword shalf (shelf), especially when referring to floating wall shelves.

این گنجه قدیمی اکنون برای نگهداری کتاب‌های خطی استفاده می‌شود.

(This old cupboard is now used for keeping manuscripts.)

If the bookcase has glass doors and is used for display, it might be called a vitrin (from French 'vitrine'). This is common for expensive editions or collector's items. In a professional setting, like an archive, you might hear makhzan-e ketāb, which refers to the 'book stacks' or storage area of a library.

کتاب‌های نایاب در ویترین شیشه‌ای نگهداری می‌شوند.

(Rare books are kept in a glass display case.)

Comparison Table: Komod-e Ketab: Furniture | Ketab-khaneh: Library/Bookcase | Qafaseh: Shelf | Vitrin: Display Case.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

Before 'Komod' became common, Iranians used 'Ganjeh' or 'Taqcheh'. The adoption of 'Komod' reflects the shift from sitting on the floor to using raised furniture.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /kɒˈmɒd ɛ kɛˈtæb/

US /koʊˈmoʊd ɛ kɛˈtæb/

The primary stress falls on the final syllable of 'Ketāb' (tāb). There is a secondary stress on the last syllable of 'Komod'.

Rima com

آب (Āb - water) خواب (Khāb - sleep) آفتاب (Āftāb - sun) نقاب (Neghāb - mask) جواب (Javāb - answer) ثواب (Savāb - reward) عذاب (Azāb - torment) کباب (Kabāb - kebab)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'Komod' as 'Koomod'.
Omitting the Ezafe '-e-' between the words.
Stress on the first syllable 'Ko-'.
Making the 'e' in 'Ketab' too long like 'Kee-tab'.
Forgetting the glottal stop if present in formal Arabic-style 'Ketab' (though rare in Persian).

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

Easy to recognize as it's a compound of two common words.

Escrita 3/5

Requires remembering the spelling of 'Komod' and 'Ketab'.

Expressão oral 3/5

Must master the Ezafe '-e-' connection for natural flow.

Audição 2/5

Very distinct sounds, easy to pick out in a sentence.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

کتاب (Book) کمد (Cupboard) اتاق (Room) چوب (Wood) داشتن (To have)

Aprenda a seguir

میز تحریر (Desk) صندلی (Chair) چراغ مطالعه (Study lamp) دفترچه (Notebook) مداد (Pencil)

Avançado

قفسه‌بندی (Shelving) دکوراسیون (Decoration) نجاری (Carpentry) بایگانی (Archive) نسخه خطی (Manuscript)

Gramática essencial

The Ezafe Construction

Komod-e Ketab (The '-e-' links the two nouns).

Compound Noun Pluralization

Komod-ha-ye Ketab (Pluralizing the first part).

Adjective Placement

Komod-e ketab-e bozorg (Adjective comes after the compound).

Pronominal Suffixes

Komod-e ketab-am (My bookcase).

Indefinite 'Yek'

Yek komod-e ketab (A bookcase).

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Exemplos por nível

این یک کمد کتاب است.

This is a bookcase.

Subject + Verb 'ast' (is).

کمد کتاب کجاست؟

Where is the bookcase?

Interrogative 'kojāst'.

کتاب در کمد کتاب است.

The book is in the bookcase.

Preposition 'dar' (in).

من کمد کتاب دارم.

I have a bookcase.

Verb 'dāshtan' (to have).

کمد کتاب من کوچک است.

My bookcase is small.

Possessive Ezafe + Adjective.

آن کمد کتاب قهوه‌ای است.

That bookcase is brown.

Demonstrative 'ān' (that).

یک کمد کتاب بخر.

Buy a bookcase.

Imperative 'be-khar'.

کمد کتاب زیباست.

The bookcase is beautiful.

Adjective + Verb.

ما یک کمد کتاب جدید برای خانه خریدیم.

We bought a new bookcase for the house.

Past tense 'kharidim'.

آیا کمد کتاب شما پر است؟

Is your bookcase full?

Question with 'āyā'.

کمد کتاب کنار میز است.

The bookcase is beside the desk.

Preposition 'kenār-e'.

او کتاب‌ها را در کمد کتاب می‌گذارد.

He puts the books in the bookcase.

Present continuous 'mi-gozārad'.

این کمد کتاب خیلی سنگین است.

This bookcase is very heavy.

Adverb 'kheyli' + Adjective.

کمد کتاب‌های او سفید است.

Her bookcase is white.

Plural possessive.

من باید کمد کتاب را تمیز کنم.

I must clean the bookcase.

Modal 'bāyad' + Subjunctive.

در اتاق من دو کمد کتاب هست.

There are two bookcases in my room.

Existential 'hast'.

اگر کمد کتاب بزرگتری داشتم، تمام کتاب‌هایم جا می‌شد.

If I had a larger bookcase, all my books would fit.

Conditional sentence.

او کمد کتابش را بر اساس رنگ چیده است.

She has arranged her bookcase based on color.

Present perfect 'chideh ast'.

این کمد کتاب از چوب بلوط ساخته شده است.

This bookcase is made of oak wood.

Passive voice 'sākhteh shodeh ast'.

می‌توانید به من کمک کنید کمد کتاب را جابه‌جا کنم؟

Can you help me move the bookcase?

Compound verb 'jā-be-jā kardan'.

کمد کتابی که خریدم، شیشه هم دارد.

The bookcase that I bought also has glass.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

او همیشه کتاب‌هایش را با دقت در کمد کتاب می‌چیند.

He always arranges his books carefully in the bookcase.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat'.

قیمت این کمد کتاب نسبت به کیفیتش خوب است.

The price of this bookcase is good compared to its quality.

Comparison 'nesbat be'.

کمد کتاب قدیمی پدربزرگم بوی چوب می‌دهد.

My grandfather's old bookcase smells of wood.

Sensory verb 'bu dādan'.

طراحی این کمد کتاب به گونه‌ای است که فضای کمی اشغال می‌کند.

The design of this bookcase is such that it occupies little space.

Result clause 'be gooneh-yi ke'.

او قصد دارد یک کمد کتاب دیواری سرتاسری سفارش دهد.

He intends to order a wall-to-wall built-in bookcase.

Compound adjective 'sartāsari'.

نصب این کمد کتاب به دلیل قطعات زیاد، دشوار بود.

Installing this bookcase was difficult due to the many parts.

Noun phrase with 'be dalil-e'.

کمد کتاب در دکوراسیون داخلی نقش مهمی ایفا می‌کند.

The bookcase plays an important role in interior decoration.

Idiomatic verb 'naghsh ifā kardan'.

او تمام مدارک مهم را در طبقه بالای کمد کتاب پنهان کرده بود.

He had hidden all the important documents on the top shelf of the bookcase.

Past perfect 'penhān kardeh bud'.

این کمد کتاب قابلیت تغییر ارتفاع طبقات را دارد.

This bookcase has the capability to change the height of the shelves.

Abstract noun 'ghābelyat'.

با وجود کوچکی اتاق، او یک کمد کتاب بزرگ در آن جا داد.

Despite the smallness of the room, he fitted a large bookcase in it.

Prepositional phrase 'bā voojood-e'.

کمد کتاب‌های فلزی معمولاً در کتابخانه‌های عمومی دیده می‌شوند.

Metal bookcases are usually seen in public libraries.

Passive present 'dideh mi-shavand'.

کمد کتاب او آینه‌ای از افکار و علایق متکثر اوست.

His bookcase is a mirror of his diverse thoughts and interests.

Metaphorical usage.

در این کمد کتاب، نسخه‌های خطی نایابی نگهداری می‌شود که نیاز به مراقبت ویژه دارند.

In this bookcase, rare manuscripts are kept that require special care.

Relative clause with 'ke' + passive.

ساختار مستحکم این کمد کتاب، تحمل وزن سنگین دایره‌المعارف‌ها را دارد.

The sturdy structure of this bookcase has the capacity to bear the heavy weight of encyclopedias.

Technical vocabulary 'sākhtār', 'tahamol'.

او با وسواس عجیبی کتاب‌ها را در کمد کتاب بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب می‌کرد.

With a strange obsession, he arranged the books in the bookcase according to the date of publication.

Adverbial phrase 'bā vasvās-e ajibi'.

نورپردازی داخلی کمد کتاب، جلوه خاصی به اتاق نشیمن بخشیده است.

The internal lighting of the bookcase has given a special effect to the living room.

Compound verb 'jelveh bakhshidan'.

کمد کتاب‌های قدیمی معمولاً از چوب‌های اصیلی ساخته می‌شدند که دهه‌ها دوام می‌آوردند.

Old bookcases were usually made of authentic woods that lasted for decades.

Imperfect past 'sākhteh mi-shodand'.

فضای خالی در کمد کتاب، نشان‌دهنده عطش او برای خرید کتاب‌های جدید است.

The empty space in the bookcase indicates his thirst for buying new books.

Present participle 'neshān-dahandeh'.

او ترجیح می‌دهد کمد کتابش بدون در باشد تا دسترسی به کتاب‌ها آسان‌تر گردد.

He prefers his bookcase to be doorless so that access to the books becomes easier.

Subjunctive 'gardad' (formal for 'shavad').

کمد کتاب در حقیقت موزه‌ای شخصی است که سیر تحول فکری صاحبش را روایت می‌کند.

A bookcase is, in truth, a personal museum that narrates the intellectual evolution of its owner.

Philosophical and complex sentence structure.

تقابل میان کمد کتاب‌های سنتی و کتابخانه‌های دیجیتال، بحثی داغ در محافل فرهنگی است.

The contrast between traditional bookcases and digital libraries is a hot topic in cultural circles.

Abstract noun 'taghābol'.

او با دقت و ظرافت، کمد کتاب را به گونه‌ای بازسازی کرد که گویی قطعه‌ای از تاریخ است.

With precision and delicacy, he restored the bookcase as if it were a piece of history.

Subjunctive 'gooyi' (as if).

چیدمان هرج‌ومرج‌گونه کتاب‌ها در کمد کتاب، بازتابی از ذهن آشفته اما خلاق او بود.

The chaotic arrangement of books in the bookcase was a reflection of his troubled but creative mind.

Compound adjective 'harj-o-marj-gooneh'.

در بسیاری از خانه‌های اعیانی قدیم، کمد کتاب‌های توکار با تزیینات منبت‌کاری دیده می‌شود.

In many old aristocratic houses, built-in bookcases with wood-carving decorations are seen.

Technical term 'monabbat-kāri'.

او بر این باور است که کمد کتاب باید قلب تپنده هر خانه‌ای باشد.

He believes that the bookcase should be the beating heart of every home.

Metaphorical phrase 'ghalb-e tapandeh'.

استفاده از شیشه‌های ضد یو-وی در کمد کتاب‌های نفیس، برای جلوگیری از فرسایش کاغذ الزامی است.

The use of anti-UV glass in exquisite bookcases is mandatory to prevent paper erosion.

Academic/Technical style.

کمد کتاب، فراتر از یک وسیله، نمادی از پیوند انسان با دانش و آگاهی در طول اعصار است.

The bookcase, beyond a utility, is a symbol of the human bond with knowledge and awareness throughout the ages.

Prepositional phrase 'farātar az'.

Colocações comuns

کمد کتاب چوبی

چیدن کمد کتاب

کمد کتاب دیواری

خرید کمد کتاب

کمد کتاب مدرن

کمد کتاب بزرگ

گردگیری کمد کتاب

کمد کتاب فلزی

کمد کتاب شیشه‌دار

طبقه کمد کتاب

Frases Comuns

کمد کتابم پر شده

— My bookcase is full. Used when someone has too many books.

دیگر جا ندارم، کمد کتابم پر شده.

کمد کتاب دیواری

— Built-in bookcase. Common in modern Iranian apartments.

خانه جدید ما کمد کتاب دیواری دارد.

کمد کتاب ام‌دی‌اف

— MDF bookcase. The most common material in stores today.

کمد کتاب ام‌دی‌اف ارزان‌تر است.

کمد کتاب کلاسیک

— Classic style bookcase. Often made of dark wood.

او یک کمد کتاب کلاسیک خریده است.

کمد کتاب جادار

— Spacious bookcase. Used when praising a piece of furniture.

این کمد کتاب خیلی جادار است.

کمد کتاب دو در

— Two-door bookcase. Refers to the physical structure.

کمد کتاب دو در برای این اتاق بزرگ است.

کمد کتاب کودک

— Child's bookcase. Usually colorful and smaller.

کمد کتاب کودک باید ایمن باشد.

کمد کتاب دست دوم

— Second-hand bookcase. Common on apps like 'Divar'.

یک کمد کتاب دست دوم تمیز پیدا کردم.

کمد کتاب قدی

— Full-length bookcase. Tall units that reach the ceiling.

کمد کتاب قدی نمای زیبایی دارد.

کمد کتاب زیرپله

— Under-stairs bookcase. A clever use of space.

آن‌ها زیر پله را کمد کتاب کردند.

Frequentemente confundido com

کمد کتاب vs کمد لباس

This is a wardrobe for clothes. Don't put your books in the 'komod-e lebas'!

کمد کتاب vs کتابخانه

While often used for 'bookcase', it primary means 'library' (building).

کمد کتاب vs قفسه

This means 'shelf'. A bookcase is a collection of shelves.

Expressões idiomáticas

"کمد کتابش را شخم زده"

— To search through a bookcase very thoroughly. Literally 'to plow'.

او برای یافتن نامه، کمد کتابش را شخم زد.

Informal

"کتاب‌ها در کمد خاک می‌خورند"

— Books are collecting dust in the bookcase. Means they aren't being read.

حیف این همه کتاب که در کمد خاک می‌خورند.

Metaphorical

"کمد کتابش دهان باز کرده"

— The bookcase is so full it looks like it's bursting.

کمد کتابش دهان باز کرده از بس کتاب در آن است.

Informal

"سرش توی کمد کتاب است"

— He is always reading or searching for books. Implies studiousness.

او همیشه سرش توی کمد کتاب است.

Neutral

"کمد کتابش را تکانده"

— To completely empty and clean the bookcase.

قبل از عید، کمد کتابش را تکاند.

Informal

"پشت کمد کتاب قایم شدن"

— To hide behind a bookcase. Often used for children or secrets.

بچه پشت کمد کتاب قایم شده بود.

Neutral

"کمد کتابش را چیده"

— To have one's life or thoughts in order (metaphorically).

بالاخره کمد کتاب ذهنش را چید.

Literary

"از توی کمد کتاب درآوردن"

— To produce something (like a fact or book) suddenly.

یک ایده جدید از توی کمد کتابش درآورد.

Metaphorical

"کمد کتابش را فروخت"

— To give up on intellectual pursuits (sometimes used figuratively).

وقتی ناامید شد، کمد کتابش را فروخت.

Contextual

"کمد کتابش را آراستن"

— To decorate one's bookcase. Implies aesthetic care.

او با گلدان کمد کتابش را آراست.

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

کمد کتاب vs کتاب‌فروشی

Both involve books.

Ketab-forushi is a shop where you buy books, not the furniture you keep them in.

من به کتاب‌فروشی رفتم تا برای کمد کتابم کتاب بخرم.

کمد کتاب vs میز تحریر

Both are in a study.

Miz-e tahrir is a desk for writing; Komod-e ketab is for storage.

او پشت میز تحریر نشست و کتابی از کمد کتاب برداشت.

کمد کتاب vs بایگانی

Both involve storage.

Baygani is an archive, usually for files, not necessarily a personal bookcase.

پرونده‌ها در بایگانی هستند، نه در کمد کتاب.

کمد کتاب vs ویترین

Both can have glass.

Vitrin is for displaying ornaments; Komod-e ketab is specifically for books.

مجسمه در ویترین است و کتاب در کمد کتاب.

کمد کتاب vs گنجه

Old term for cupboard.

Ganjeh is archaic and general; Komod-e ketab is modern and specific.

در خانه‌های قدیمی، گنجه جای کمد کتاب را می‌گرفت.

Padrões de frases

این [Noun] است.

این کمد کتاب است.

من [Noun] دارم.

من یک کمد کتاب دارم.

[Noun] در [Location] قرار دارد.

کمد کتاب در گوشه اتاق قرار دارد.

من باید [Noun] را [Verb].

من باید کمد کتاب را مرتب کنم.

[Noun]ای که [Clause]، [Adjective] است.

کمد کتابی که خریدم، بسیار جادار است.

با توجه به [Context]، [Noun] [Verb].

با توجه به دکوراسیون، کمد کتاب باید قهوه‌ای باشد.

[Noun] به مثابه [Metaphor] است.

کمد کتاب به مثابه شناسنامه فرهنگی خانه است.

اگرچه [Noun] [Verb]، اما [Clause].

اگرچه کمد کتاب قدیمی است، اما هنوز بسیار محکم است.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

کتاب (Book)

کمد (Cupboard)

کتابخانه (Library)

کتابدار (Librarian)

کتاب‌فروشی (Bookstore)

Verbos

کتاب خواندن (To read a book)

چیدن (To arrange/set up furniture)

Adjetivos

کتابی (Literary/Bookish)

کمدی (Relating to a cupboard - rare)

Relacionado

میز (Table)

صندلی (Chair)

اتاق مطالعه (Study room)

قفسه (Shelf)

دفتر (Notebook)

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Como usar

frequency

High in domestic and educational settings.

Erros comuns

Komod Ketab (No Ezafe) → Komod-e Ketab
Persian nouns in a possessive or descriptive relationship must be linked by the Ezafe sound.
Using 'Ketab-khaneh' only for the furniture. → Using 'Komod-e Ketab' for specificity.
While 'Ketab-khaneh' is common, 'Komod-e Ketab' is more accurate for the object itself.
Misplacing adjectives: 'Komod-e sefid-e ketab' → Komod-e ketab-e sefid
The adjective should describe the entire compound, so it goes at the very end.
Pluralizing the wrong part: 'Komod ketab-ha' → Komod-ha-ye ketab
In formal Persian, the first noun in an Ezafe construction is pluralized.
Confusing 'Komod' with 'Miz' → Komod = Cupboard, Miz = Table
A bookcase is vertical (Komod), while a desk is horizontal (Miz).

Dicas

Master the Ezafe

The Ezafe '-e-' is crucial. Practice saying 'Komod-e' then 'Ketab' until it flows as one word. It's the most important grammatical bridge in Persian.

Specific vs. General

Use 'Komod-e Ketab' when you want to be specific about the furniture item. Use 'Ketabkhaneh' for the general concept of a library or bookcase.

The Pride of the House

In Iran, a full 'Komod-e Ketab' is a sign of culture. If you visit an Iranian home, commenting on their bookcase is a great conversation starter.

Adjective Order

Remember that adjectives come after the whole compound. 'Komod-e ketab-e sefid' (White bookcase). Don't put the adjective in the middle.

Shopping Tip

When shopping, ask for 'MDF' or 'Chub-e Tabiyi' (natural wood) to specify the quality of the 'Komod-e Ketab' you want.

French Connection

Since 'Komod' comes from French, if you know any French or English (Commode), you've already learned half the word!

Soft 'K'

The 'K' in 'Ketab' is soft. Don't over-aspirate it. It should sound gentle and fluid.

Spelling Check

The word 'Komod' ends with a 'd' (د) and 'Ketab' ends with a 'b' (ب). Both are simple, straight letters in Persian script.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Komod' followed by 'lebas', it's a wardrobe. If you hear it followed by 'ketab', it's a bookcase. Listen for the second word!

Technical Terms

Learn 'tabagheh' (shelf/floor) to describe the bookcase in more detail. 'In komod panj tabagheh darad' (This bookcase has five shelves).

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of a 'Commode' (Komod) for your 'Books' (Ketab). It's a 'Commode-e-Ketab'.

Associação visual

Visualize a classic French cupboard (Commode) but instead of clothes, it is packed with Persian poetry books.

Word Web

Wood Shelves Reading Furniture Library Study Paper Storage

Desafio

Try to describe every item in your 'Komod-e Ketab' in Persian using simple sentences.

Origem da palavra

The word is a 'hybrid' compound. 'Komod' is a direct loanword from the French 'commode', which entered Persian during the Qajar or early Pahlavi era as European furniture styles became popular. 'Ketāb' is an Arabic loanword (from the root k-t-b, 'to write') that has been part of Persian for over a millennium.

Significado original: Commode (convenient/chest of drawers) + Book.

Indo-European (Persian/French) + Afro-Asiatic (Arabic).

Contexto cultural

Always handle books, especially religious ones like the Quran, with clean hands when placing them in a 'Komod-e Ketab'.

Unlike 'bookshelf', 'Komod-e Ketab' sounds more like a piece of heavy furniture (a cabinet).

The 'National Library of Iran' (Ketabkhaneh-ye Melli). The book markets of 'Enghelab Street' in Tehran. Classic Persian films where a hidden 'Komod' often holds secrets.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Furniture Shopping

قیمت این کمد کتاب چقدر است؟
آیا کمد کتاب چوبی دارید؟
این کمد کتاب چند طبقه دارد؟
هزینه حمل کمد کتاب چقدر می‌شود؟

Organizing at Home

باید کمد کتاب را مرتب کنم.
کتاب‌ها را در کمد کتاب بچین.
کمد کتاب خیلی گرد و خاک دارد.
این کمد کتاب برای همه کتاب‌هایم جا ندارد.

In a Library/School

کتاب را به کمد کتاب برگردان.
کمد کتاب شماره پنج کجاست؟
در کمد کتاب را ببند.
کمد کتاب‌های مرجع در طبقه دوم است.

Moving House

کمد کتاب را با پلاستیک بپیچ.
مواظب باش کمد کتاب خط نیفتد.
کمد کتاب را اول خالی کن.
کمد کتاب در کامیون جا می‌شود؟

Interior Design

کمد کتاب باید با رنگ دیوار ست باشد.
کمد کتاب دیواری فضای کمتری می‌گیرد.
یک کمد کتاب مدرن بخریم.
نورپردازی کمد کتاب خیلی مهم است.

Iniciadores de conversa

"کمد کتاب تو چقدر بزرگ است؟"

"کتاب‌هایت را در کمد کتاب چطور می‌چینی؟"

"به نظر تو کمد کتاب چوبی بهتر است یا فلزی؟"

"آخرین باری که کمد کتابت را تمیز کردی کی بود؟"

"اگر می‌توانستی یک کمد کتاب رویایی داشته باشی، چه شکلی بود؟"

Temas para diário

درباره کتاب‌هایی که در کمد کتابت داری بنویس.

چرا داشتن یک کمد کتاب در خانه مهم است؟

خاطره‌ای از خریدن اولین کمد کتابت بنویس.

اگر کمد کتابت می‌توانست حرف بزند، چه می‌گفت؟

تفاوت کمد کتاب‌های قدیمی و مدرن را شرح بده.

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Not necessarily. While 'Komod' often implies a cabinet with doors, in the context of books, it can refer to open shelving units as well. However, if it's completely open, 'qafaseh-ye ketab' is also very common.

Yes, in everyday spoken Persian, most people say 'Ketab-khaneh' to refer to their bookcase. 'Komod-e Ketab' is slightly more formal or specific to the furniture itself.

You say 'Komod-e ketab-e divari'. 'Divari' means 'of the wall' or 'wall-mounted'.

The most common plural is 'Komod-e ketab-ha', but 'Komod-ha-ye ketab' is grammatically more formal.

No, 'Komod-e Ketab' specifically refers to physical furniture. For a digital library, use 'Ketabkhaneh-ye digital'.

It must be 'Komod-e Ketab' with the Ezafe. Skipping the '-e-' is a common mistake for beginners.

Common verbs include 'chidan' (to arrange), 'tamiz kardan' (to clean), and 'kharidan' (to buy).

Most modern ones are MDF, but high-end ones are made of walnut (gerdoo) or maple (afrā).

Hassan-Abad for office style, and Yaft-Abad or Jajroud for home styles.

Yes, but often people might specify 'Komod-e majalleh', though 'Komod-e ketab' is a safe general term.

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