B2 · Intermediário superior Capítulo 44

Advanced Passive and Agentivity

4 Regras totais
1 min
Regras neste capítulo Prática rápida

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of passive voice and agentivity to convey nuanced responsibility and experience in Indonesian.

  • Identify the specific usage of the 'kena' passive for unpleasant events.
  • Analyze the role of agents in complex passive sentence structures.
  • Apply passive voice variations to reflect subtle social and linguistic nuances.
Shift your perspective: mastering passive voice and agentivity.

O que você vai aprender

Focuses on the 'kena' passive and its usage. Explains the role of the agent in complex structures.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly construct sentences using 'kena' to describe unfortunate passive experiences.

Dicas e truques (4)

🎯

The 'Base' Rule

Always strip the verb of its prefixes. If you see 'kena ditipu', it's a red flag. It should always be 'kena tipu'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Kena Passive
💡

Focus on the Object

Always check if the object is the main topic. If yes, use the passive.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent Role
🎯

Use 'Diduga' for Safety

When talking about someone's mistakes or crimes, always use 'diduga' (suspected) to sound objective and avoid sounding like you're making a personal attack.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Passive Structures
💡

Focus on the Object

When using passive voice, make sure the object is the focus of your sentence.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agentivity Nuances

Vocabulário-chave (5)

kena to be struck by/to suffer (unpleasant) pelaku actor/agent terkena to be hit/affected by tindakan action objektif objective

Real-World Preview

umbrella

A Bad Day

Review Summary

  • Subject + kena + noun
  • Di-verb + oleh + agent
  • Subject + relative clause (passive) + verb
  • Various

Erros comuns

'Kena' is reserved for unpleasant events. Using it for positive events like receiving a gift sounds unnatural.

Wrong: Saya kena hadiah.
Correto: Saya mendapat hadiah.

In Indonesian passive, if the agent is a pronoun, it should precede the verb. 'Dibaca saya' is a common literal translation error.

Wrong: Buku itu dibaca saya.
Correto: Buku itu saya baca.

With 'kena' passive, you typically don't use 'oleh' to introduce the agent as you would with 'di-' passive.

Wrong: Dia kena marah oleh guru.
Correto: Dia kena marah guru.

Next Steps

You are making incredible progress in your Indonesian journey. Keep practicing these structures until they feel second nature!

Read a news article and highlight all passive constructions.

Continue to: Discourse Markers

Prática rápida (10)

Correct the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Surat itu ditulis Budi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Surat itu ditulis oleh Budi.
Need 'oleh' for agent.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agentivity Nuances

Choose the correct form of the 'kena' passive.

Pencuri itu ___ polisi kemarin.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kena tangkap
We use 'kena' + base verb (tangkap).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Kena Passive

Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.

Jangan parkir di sini, nanti ___ denda.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kena
'Kena denda' is the standard way to say 'get fined'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Kena Passive

Choose the correct passive sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Surat ditulis oleh dia.
Correct structure is di-Verb + oleh + Agent.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent Role

Fill in the blank with the correct passive verb.

Buku itu ___ (baca) oleh saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dibaca
Use 'di-' for passive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent Role

Correct the mistake in this sentence: 'Dia adalah dianggap guru.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Dia adalah dianggap guru.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia dianggap guru.
Remove 'adalah' when using a passive verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Passive Structures

Fill in the missing word for a formal report.

Dikatakan ___ proyek ini akan gagal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bahwa
'Bahwa' (that) is the standard conjunction for reporting clauses.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Passive Structures

Correct the mistake in this sentence: 'Saya kena dimarah oleh ibu.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya kena dimarah oleh ibu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya kena marah oleh ibu.
Remove the 'di-' prefix from 'dimarah'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Kena Passive

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Buku dibaca oleh saya.
Correct word order for passive voice.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agentivity Nuances

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Mobil itu mencuci oleh ayah.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mobil itu dicuci oleh ayah.
Use 'di-' and 'oleh'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent Role

Score: /10

Perguntas comuns (6)

Yes, but it's less common. Usually, it's with verbs or nouns. For example, kena marah (marah can be a verb or adj).
They are similar, but terkena is more formal and often used for physical contact (e.g., terkena sinar matahari). Kena is more common for social/adversative passives.
Yes, if the agent is unknown or unimportant.
Yes, it is the standard passive marker.
No, dibilang is informal. Use dikatakan or disebutkan instead.
Dianggap means 'considered as' (judgment), while dikira means 'mistakenly thought to be'.
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