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A2 adjective #1,000 mais comum 13 min de leitura

十分

jubun Top 1,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 十分 em 30 segundos

Explicação 十分 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should focus on the most basic use of '十分' (jūbun) as a way to say 'I'm okay' or 'No more, thank you.' In this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar. Simply learning the phrase 'Mō jūbun desu' (It's already enough) is incredibly helpful. Imagine you are at a Japanese friend's house and they keep offering you snacks. You can pat your stomach and say 'Jūbun desu!' to politely let them know you are full. You might also see it in simple sentences like 'Okane wa jūbun desu' (The money is enough). The key at A1 is to recognize the sound 'jūbun' and associate it with the concept of 'fullness' or 'completeness.' Avoid confusing it with 'juppun' (10 minutes) by remembering that 'jūbun' has a long, smooth 'u' sound like 'zoom.' At this level, you are just planting the seed of the word, using it mostly in fixed phrases to navigate basic social interactions and express your needs or satisfaction.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use '十分' (jūbun) more actively in your own sentences. You should start distinguishing between its use as a na-adjective and an adverb. For example, you can now say 'Jūbun na suimin' (enough sleep) using the 'na' particle to describe a noun. You can also use it as an adverb with 'ni' to describe actions: 'Jūbun ni tabete kudasai' (Please eat enough). At this stage, you are expected to understand that 'jūbun' is a polite way to set boundaries. You might use it in a restaurant to tell a waiter you don't need more water, or in a classroom to tell a teacher you have enough handouts. You should also be able to understand simple negative forms like 'Jūbun janai' (Not enough) in casual conversation. The focus at A2 is on 'adequacy' in daily routines—having enough time for homework, enough money for a bus ticket, or enough vegetables in your diet. You are moving beyond fixed phrases and starting to build your own expressions of sufficiency.

By the B1 level, your use of '十分' (jūbun) becomes more nuanced. You start to use it to describe abstract concepts rather than just physical items. For example, you might talk about 'jūbun na riyū' (a sufficient reason) or 'jūbun na setsumei' (a sufficient explanation). You are also able to compare 'jūbun' with similar words like 'tariru' and 'takusan.' You understand that 'jūbun' implies a sense of satisfaction and quality, not just a numerical count. At B1, you can use 'jūbun' in more complex sentence structures, such as 'Jūbun na junbi o shinakereba narimasen' (I must make sufficient preparations). You also begin to notice 'jūbun' in media, such as news reports advising 'jūbun na chūi' (sufficient caution). Your vocabulary is expanding to include collocations—words that naturally go together with 'jūbun'—like 'yoyū' (leeway) or 'keiken' (experience). You are no longer just saying 'I have enough'; you are describing the adequacy of your life, your work, and your environment with greater precision and confidence.

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At the B2 level, you use '十分' (jūbun) with the fluency of an upper-intermediate learner. You can handle the word in formal, professional, and academic contexts. You understand its role in logical arguments, such as 'jūbun jōken' (sufficient conditions) in mathematics or philosophy. In a business setting, you can use 'jūbun' to evaluate project resources or market research: 'Kono dēta de wa jūbun dewa arimasen' (This data is not sufficient). You are also sensitive to the register of the word, knowing when to use the kanji versus hiragana to strike the right tone in writing. You can use 'jūbun' to express subtle shades of meaning, such as 'jūbun sugiru' to imply that something is so plentiful it's almost overwhelming. Your listening skills allow you to catch 'jūbun' even when spoken quickly, and you never confuse it with 'juppun.' You are capable of explaining the difference between 'jūbun' and 'manzoku' to others, showing a deep grasp of the emotional and functional aspects of the word. You use it to provide thorough feedback and to set high standards for sufficiency.

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At the C1 level, '十分' (jūbun) is a tool for sophisticated expression. You use it to discuss complex social issues, such as whether the government's response to a crisis was 'jūbun' (adequate). You can use it in literary analysis to describe a character's motivations or the 'jūbun na dōki' (sufficient motive) in a mystery novel. Your use of the word is idiomatic and natural. You might use it in rhetorical questions or to add emphasis in a debate: 'Sore dake de jūbun desu ka?' (Is that alone really enough?). You are also aware of the historical etymology of the word and how its meaning has remained stable yet versatile over centuries. In writing, you use 'jūbun' to create a sense of balance and completeness in your prose. You can navigate the fine line between 'jūbun' (sufficient) and 'kajō' (excessive) with ease. Your mastery of the word allows you to use it as a pivot point in a conversation, moving from a statement of fact to a deeper discussion of value and satisfaction. You are not just a user of the language; you are a stylist who understands how 'jūbun' contributes to the overall 'wa' (harmony) of a sentence.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '十分' (jūbun) is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You use the word with absolute precision in the most demanding contexts, such as legal drafting, philosophical treatises, or high-level diplomatic negotiations. You understand the most subtle connotations of the word, including its use in classical-style Japanese or specialized technical fields. You can play with the word's meaning in creative writing, perhaps using it ironically or to evoke a specific cultural atmosphere. You have a complete command of all its forms, including rare or archaic variants if they appear in text. For you, 'jūbun' is not just a word for 'enough'; it is a concept that you can deconstruct and discuss in the context of Japanese aesthetics, ethics, and logic. You can provide a 600-word dissertation on the nuances of 'jūbun' yourself! Whether you are delivering a keynote speech or writing a peer-reviewed article, 'jūbun' is a seamless part of your expansive vocabulary, used to convey exactly the right amount of meaning with perfect clarity and grace.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

十分 em 30 segundos

Jūbun means 'enough' or 'sufficient' and is used to express satisfaction with a quantity or quality.
It acts as a na-adjective (jūbun na) or an adverb (jūbun ni) in Japanese grammar.
Pronounced 'jūbun', it is distinct from 'juppun' (10 minutes) despite sharing the same kanji characters.
It is a polite way to decline offers or describe having ample resources like time, money, or sleep.

The Japanese word 十分 (じゅうぶん, jūbun) is a cornerstone of daily communication, functioning primarily as a 'na-adjective' or an adverb to express the concept of 'enough,' 'sufficient,' or 'plenty.' At its linguistic core, the kanji characters represent 'ten' (十) and 'parts' or 'minutes' (分). When combined, they evoke the image of ten out of ten parts—a complete or full state where nothing more is required. This word is indispensable because it covers both physical quantities, like having enough water, and abstract concepts, like having sufficient time or explanation. In the Japanese mindset, 'jūbun' often carries a nuance of satisfaction; it is not just the bare minimum required, but a comfortable amount that allows for peace of mind.

Grammatical Versatility: As a na-adjective, it modifies nouns: jūbun na jikan (enough time). As an adverb, it modifies verbs: jūbun ni taberu (to eat sufficiently).

You will encounter this word in almost every social tier of Japanese life. In a casual setting, a friend might ask if you want more tea, and you would reply 'Jūbun desu' to indicate you are satisfied. In a professional environment, a manager might state that the evidence provided for a project is 'jūbun,' meaning no further research is needed. It is important to distinguish this from the verb 'tariru' (to be enough). While 'tariru' focuses on the functional aspect of meeting a requirement, 'jūbun' emphasizes the state of fullness or the quality of being ample. For instance, if you have exactly 100 yen for a 100 yen item, it 'tariru' (suffices), but if you have 500 yen, your funds are 'jūbun' (plentiful/more than enough).

もう十分頂きました。 (Mō jūbun itadakimashita.) - I have already received plenty/enough.

Culturally, 'jūbun' reflects the Japanese value of moderation and recognizing when a limit has been reached. It is often used in polite refusals. Instead of saying 'No, I don't want more,' saying 'Jūbun desu' (It is enough) focuses on the positive state of being full rather than the negative act of rejecting an offer. This subtle shift in focus is key to mastering polite Japanese social interactions. Furthermore, in academic or technical writing, 'jūbun' is used to describe 'sufficient conditions' (jūbun jōken), showing its reach from the dinner table to the logic classroom. Whether you are discussing battery life, sleep, or emotional support, 'jūbun' is your go-to word for expressing that the cup is full.

Contextual Nuance: In negative sentences, 'jūbun dewa nai' suggests a deficiency that might cause problems, highlighting a gap between the current state and the desired 'full' state.

説明が十分ではありません。 (Setsumei ga jūbun dewa arimasen.) - The explanation is not sufficient.

Understanding 'jūbun' also requires understanding its relationship with 'motto' (more). While 'motto' looks forward to an increase, 'jūbun' looks at the present and finds it complete. It is a word of contentment. In the modern era, you might hear it in the context of 'jūbun na kyūkei' (sufficient rest), a common topic in discussions about work-life balance in Japan. It is a word that bridges the gap between simple survival and comfortable living.

Using 十分 (jūbun) correctly requires a grasp of its dual nature as an adverb and a na-adjective. This flexibility is one of its greatest strengths, allowing it to integrate seamlessly into various sentence structures. When you want to describe a noun as being enough, you must use the particle 'na'. For example, 'jūbun na okane' means 'enough money.' Without the 'na', the sentence becomes grammatically incomplete if it's meant to modify the noun directly. However, when 'jūbun' is used at the end of a sentence followed by 'desu' or 'da', the 'na' is dropped: 'Okane wa jūbun desu' (The money is enough).

Adverbial Usage: When modifying a verb, use the particle 'ni'. Example: Jūbun ni nete kudasai (Please sleep sufficiently/enough).

One of the most common patterns for beginners is [Noun] + ga + jūbun + [Verb]. For instance, 'Jikan ga jūbun arimasu' (There is enough time). Here, 'jūbun' acts as an adverbial noun modifying the existence verb 'arimasu'. It is also frequently paired with 'mō' (already) to indicate that a threshold has been reached: 'Mō jūbun desu' (That's already enough). This is particularly useful when someone is pouring you a drink or giving you food. It signals a polite stop. If you want to emphasize that something is 'more than enough' or 'plentiful,' you can use 'jūbun sugiru,' though 'jūbun' on its own usually carries a very positive, ample connotation.

準備は十分に整いました。 (Junbi wa jūbun ni整いました。) - The preparations are fully/sufficiently complete.

In more complex sentences, 'jūbun' can be used to set conditions. For example, 'Jūbun na shūnyū ga nakereba, kurase-nai' (If I don't have sufficient income, I can't live). Here, it modifies 'shūnyū' (income) to create a specific requirement. You might also see it used with the particle 'de' to mean 'with enough...': 'Jūbun na yoyū de kachimashita' (Won with plenty of room to spare). This 'yoyū' (room/leeway) is a frequent partner for 'jūbun,' emphasizing that the victory or success was not a close call but a decisive one.

Negative Forms: To say 'not enough,' use 'jūbun dewa nai' (formal) or 'jūbun janai' (casual). Example: Kore dake dewa jūbun janai (This alone isn't enough).

彼は十分な経験を持っています。 (Kare wa jūbun na keiken o motte imasu.) - He has sufficient experience.

Finally, consider the placement of 'jūbun' for emphasis. Placing it at the beginning of a sentence can highlight the adequacy of the situation: 'Jūbun, yatta yo' (You've done enough/plenty). This is often said to someone who is overworking or worrying too much, serving as a comforting reassurance. By mastering these patterns—'jūbun na' for nouns, 'jūbun ni' for verbs, and 'jūbun desu' for states—you will be able to express satisfaction and adequacy in any Japanese conversation.

The word 十分 (jūbun) echoes through the halls of Japanese society, from the bustling kitchens of izakayas to the quiet boardrooms of Tokyo skyscrapers. One of the most common places you will hear it is in the context of hospitality. When a host offers you a second helping of rice or another glass of beer, the standard, polite way to decline is 'Iie, mō jūbun desu' (No, I've already had plenty). This phrase is safer and more polite than 'kekko desu,' which can sometimes sound a bit sharp or final. 'Jūbun' implies that the host has already been so generous that you are completely satisfied.

In the Workplace: Managers use it to evaluate performance or resources. 'Jūbun na seika' (sufficient results) is a common phrase in performance reviews.

In the realm of education and parenting, you will hear 'jūbun' used to encourage or set boundaries. A teacher might tell a student, 'Jūbun ni fukushū shite kudasai' (Please review sufficiently). Here, it isn't just a suggestion to study; it's an instruction to reach a level of understanding where the knowledge is 'full.' Similarly, parents often tell their children 'Jūbun ni ki o tsukete' (Take plenty of care/be very careful) when they leave the house. In this context, 'jūbun' acts as an intensifier, elevating 'care' to a level of thoroughness.

野菜を十分に食べてください。 (Yasai o jūbun ni tabete kudasai.) - Please eat plenty of vegetables.

You will also encounter 'jūbun' in the world of shopping and services. A clerk might ask if the size of a bag is 'jūbun' for your needs. In advertisements, companies often boast that their products provide 'jūbun na kinō' (sufficient/ample functions) to justify the price. Interestingly, in the gaming and anime world, a character might say 'Jūbun da...' (It's enough...) in a dramatic moment, perhaps before a sacrifice or after a hard-fought battle, signifying that they have no regrets and have done all they could.

Daily Life & Health: Doctors and health apps frequently use 'jūbun na suimin' (sufficient sleep) as a metric for a healthy lifestyle.

この広さで十分です。 (Kono hirosa de jūbun desu.) - This width/space is sufficient.

Finally, 'jūbun' appears in legal and formal documents to define adequacy. 'Jūbun na riyū' (sufficient reason) is a legal term used to justify actions or claims. This wide range of usage—from the casual 'I'm full' to the legal 'sufficient cause'—demonstrates how 'jūbun' is a foundational concept in Japanese logic and social etiquette. When you hear it, listen for the 'ni' or 'na' to understand if it's describing an action or a thing, and you'll quickly grasp the speaker's intent.

The most frequent and perhaps most confusing mistake for learners of Japanese regarding 十分 (jūbun) is its phonetic similarity to '10 minutes.' While both are written with the same kanji (十分), they are pronounced differently and have entirely different meanings. 'Enough' is pronounced jūbun (じゅうぶん), with a long 'u' and a voiced 'b'. '10 minutes' is pronounced juppun (じゅっぷん) or sometimes jippun (じっぷん), with a short 'u' and a double 'p' sound. If you say 'Juppun desu' when you mean 'It's enough,' a Japanese person might look at their watch and wonder what is happening in ten minutes!

The 'Na' vs. 'No' Trap: Learners often try to use 'no' to connect 'jūbun' to a noun (e.g., *jūbun no okane). This is incorrect. Because it is a na-adjective, you must use 'na': jūbun na okane.

Another common error is confusing 'jūbun' with 'takusan' (many/a lot). While they can sometimes be interchangeable, 'takusan' focuses on the quantity being large, whereas 'jūbun' focuses on the quantity being *right* or *adequate* for the purpose. For example, if you have 'takusan' of homework, it's a burden. If you have 'jūbun' of time to do it, it's a relief. Using 'takusan' when you mean 'jūbun' can make you sound like you are complaining about an excess rather than expressing satisfaction with an adequacy.

❌ 十分の時間 (Jūbun no jikan)
✅ 十分な時間 (Jūbun na jikan) - Enough time.

There is also a nuance mistake regarding 'tariru' (to suffice). Beginners often use the verb 'tariru' in places where 'jūbun' would be more natural. 'Tariru' is a functional verb: 'Does this amount of money cover the bill?' 'Hai, tarimasu.' 'Jūbun' is more descriptive and often more polite: 'Is this amount of money okay?' 'Hai, jūbun desu.' Using 'tariru' can sometimes sound a bit clinical or overly focused on the bare minimum. If you want to sound more expressive and satisfied, 'jūbun' is the better choice.

Overusing 'Sugiru': Saying 'jūbun sugiru' (too enough) is common in casual speech to mean 'more than enough,' but in formal writing, it can be seen as redundant. Stick to 'jūbun' unless you really want to emphasize excess.

❌ 十分に食べました (Juppun ni tabemashita - I ate for 10 minutes)
✅ 十分食べました (Jūbun tabemashita - I ate enough)

Lastly, be careful with the negative form 'jūbun dewa nai.' While it means 'not enough,' it is quite strong. In social situations, if someone offers you more food and you say 'Jūbun janai,' you are saying 'It's not enough!' which is very rude. Always ensure you are using the positive 'jūbun desu' to mean 'I've had enough' and the negative only when describing a genuine lack of resources or information.

While 十分 (jūbun) is a versatile word, Japanese offers several alternatives that carry different shades of meaning. Understanding these can help you choose the most precise word for your situation. The most direct relative is the verb 足りる (tariru). As mentioned before, 'tariru' is functional. It answers the question 'Is the requirement met?' It is often used for money, time, or physical items where there is a specific quota to fill. 'Jūbun' is broader and more subjective, often implying a sense of plenty or satisfaction beyond the bare minimum.

Jūbun vs. Tariru: Jūbun: Ample, satisfying, sufficient in quality and quantity.
Tariru: Functional, meeting a specific limit or requirement.

Another similar word is 満足 (manzoku), which means 'satisfaction.' While 'jūbun' describes the *amount* or *state* of being enough, 'manzoku' describes the *feeling* of being satisfied. You might say 'Jūbun na shokuji' (a sufficient meal) to describe the portion size, but 'Manzoku na shokuji' to describe how happy you were with the taste and experience. If you are 'manzoku,' you are 'jūbun,' but being 'jūbun' doesn't always mean you are 'manzoku' (e.g., you might have enough work, but you aren't satisfied with it).

彼はその結果に満足しています。 (Kare wa sono kekka ni manzoku shite imasu.) - He is satisfied with that result.

Then there is 余裕 (yoyū), which means 'leeway' or 'room to spare.' This is used when you have *more* than enough. If you have 'jūbun' of time, you can finish the task. If you have 'yoyū,' you can finish the task and take a long coffee break. 'Yoyū' is often used to describe mental or financial breathing room. In sports, a 'yoyū no shōri' is a victory where the winner didn't even have to try their hardest. Use 'yoyū' when you want to emphasize that the 'enough' is actually 'plenty plus some.'

Other Alternatives

沢山 (takusan): Many/A lot (focus on quantity).
適当 (tekitō): Appropriate/Suitable (can also mean 'careless' in some contexts).
相当 (sōtō): Considerable/Substantial (stronger than jūbun).

時間はまだ余裕があります。 (Jikan wa mada yoyū ga arimasu.) - There is still plenty of time (leeway).

Finally, in formal or written Japanese, you might see 充足 (jūzoku), which means 'sufficiency' or 'filling up.' This is much more technical and is used in contexts like 'filling a quota' or 'satisfying a legal requirement.' For daily life, 'jūbun' remains the most natural and frequent choice. By knowing these alternatives, you can move from saying 'it's enough' to saying 'it's more than enough,' 'it's satisfying,' or 'it meets the requirements' with precision.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

While it means 'enough' today, its literal 'ten parts' meaning is still seen in phrases like 'jūbun no ichi' (one tenth).

Guia de pronúncia

UK dʒuːbuːn

US dʒuːbun

The pitch usually starts high on 'jū' and drops slightly on 'bun' (Heiban pattern).

Rima com

Kūbun (空文) Tsūbun (通分) Kyūbun (旧聞) Gūbun (偶分) Shūbun (秋分) Tōbun (等分) Kōbun (公文) Zūbun (ずうぶん - dialectal variant)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing it as 'juppun' (10 minutes).
Making the 'u' too short.
Confusing the 'b' with a 'p' sound.
Stress on the wrong syllable.
Mixing up the pitch accent with 'juppun'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

The kanji are simple (10 and part), but the reading 'jūbun' must be distinguished from 'juppun'.

Escrita 1/5

Both kanji are taught in the first year of Japanese school.

Expressão oral 3/5

Requires correct pitch and vowel length to avoid confusion with '10 minutes'.

Audição 3/5

Context is key to distinguishing 'enough' from '10 minutes' in fast speech.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

十 (Jū) 分 (Fun/Pun) ある (Aru) ない (Nai) 時間 (Jikan)

Aprenda a seguir

満足 (Manzoku) 余裕 (Yoyū) 足りる (Tariru) 適当 (Tekitō) 不十分 (Fujūbun)

Avançado

充足 (Jūzoku) 補完 (Hokan) 完備 (Kanbi) 潤沢 (Juntaku) 横溢 (Ōitsu)

Gramática essencial

Na-Adjective modification

十分な時間 (Jūbun na jikan)

Adverbial use with 'ni'

十分に食べる (Jūbun ni taberu)

State of being with 'desu'

これで十分です (Kore de jūbun desu)

Negative form 'dewa nai'

十分ではない (Jūbun dewa nai)

Emphatic 'sugiru'

十分すぎる (Jūbun sugiru)

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Exemplos por nível

水は十分あります。

There is enough water.

Simple [Noun] + ga + jūbun + arimasu structure.

もう十分です。

That's enough already.

Common phrase for declining an offer.

十分ですか？

Is it enough?

Question form using the 'desu ka' ending.

はい、十分です。

Yes, it's enough.

Standard affirmative response.

お金は十分ありますか？

Do you have enough money?

Asking about the sufficiency of a noun.

時間は十分あります。

There is enough time.

Using 'jikan' (time) with 'jūbun'.

これで十分です。

This is enough.

'Kore de' indicates 'with this' or 'this much'.

十分食べました。

I ate enough.

Adverbial use without 'ni' in casual speech.

十分な睡眠をとってください。

Please get enough sleep.

Na-adjective modifying 'suimin' (sleep).

野菜を十分に食べてください。

Please eat plenty of vegetables.

Adverbial use with 'ni' modifying 'tabete'.

この部屋は十分広いです。

This room is sufficiently spacious.

Adverbial use modifying the i-adjective 'hiroi'.

準備は十分ですか？

Are the preparations sufficient?

Asking about the state of 'junbi' (preparation).

十分な時間がない。

There isn't enough time.

Negative existence with na-adjective.

彼は十分に練習しました。

He practiced sufficiently.

Adverbial use with 'ni' modifying 'renshū shita'.

十分な説明が必要です。

A sufficient explanation is necessary.

Na-adjective modifying 'setsumei' (explanation).

塩は十分に入れましたか？

Did you put in enough salt?

Adverbial use with 'ni' modifying 'iremashita'.

十分な理由がなければなりません。

There must be a sufficient reason.

Using 'nakereba narimasen' (must) with 'jūbun na'.

彼は十分な経験を持っています。

He has sufficient experience.

Describing 'keiken' (experience) as 'jūbun'.

注意を十分に払ってください。

Please pay sufficient attention.

The phrase 'chūi o harau' (pay attention) modified by 'jūbun ni'.

この計画には十分な予算があります。

There is a sufficient budget for this plan.

Describing 'yosan' (budget) in a business context.

説明は十分理解できました。

I was able to understand the explanation fully.

Adverbial use modifying 'rikai dekita' (could understand).

彼は十分に反省しているようです。

It seems he is sufficiently reflecting on his actions.

Using 'hansei' (reflection/regret) with 'jūbun ni'.

十分な証拠が見つかりませんでした。

Sufficient evidence was not found.

Negative past tense with 'jūbun na shōko' (sufficient evidence).

将来のために十分な貯金をする。

Save enough money for the future.

Using 'jūbun na chokin' (sufficient savings).

この条件で十分満足しています。

I am sufficiently satisfied with these conditions.

Combining 'jūbun' with 'manzoku' for emphasis.

十分な配慮がなされるべきです。

Sufficient consideration should be given.

Passive voice 'nasareru' with 'jūbun na hairyo' (consideration).

彼の能力は十分評価されています。

His abilities are sufficiently evaluated/appreciated.

Passive voice 'hyōka sarete iru' with 'jūbun'.

十分な議論を尽くしました。

We have exhausted sufficient discussion.

The phrase 'giron o tsukusu' (exhaust discussion) with 'jūbun na'.

それは十分あり得る話だ。

That is a story that could sufficiently happen (is quite possible).

Using 'jūbun' to modify the potential verb 'ari-uru'.

安全対策は十分講じられています。

Safety measures are sufficiently in place.

Formal verb 'kōjiru' (to take measures) with 'jūbun ni'.

十分な休養をとることが大切です。

It is important to take sufficient rest.

Using 'kyūyō' (rest/recuperation) with 'jūbun na'.

この資料だけで十分説明がつきます。

This data alone provides a sufficient explanation.

The phrase 'setsumei ga tsuku' (to be explained) with 'jūbun'.

十分な勝算があっての行動です。

This action is based on having a sufficient chance of victory.

Using 'shōsan' (chance of winning) with 'jūbun na'.

彼の主張には十分な根拠がある。

There is sufficient grounds/basis for his claim.

Using 'konkyo' (grounds/basis) in an argumentative context.

十分な吟味を重ねた結果です。

This is the result of repeated sufficient scrutiny.

Using 'ginmi' (scrutiny/testing) with 'jūbun na'.

その説明では十分な納得が得られない。

That explanation does not provide sufficient conviction/understanding.

Using 'nattoku' (conviction/consent) with 'jūbun na'.

十分な余地を残しておくべきだ。

We should leave sufficient room/leeway.

Using 'yochi' (room/scope) with 'jūbun na'.

彼は十分すぎるほどの富を築いた。

He built up more than enough wealth.

Using 'jūbun sugiru' for emphasis on excess.

十分な裏付け捜査が必要です。

Sufficient corroborative investigation is necessary.

Using 'urazuke' (corroboration/backing) in a legal context.

その配慮は十分行き届いていた。

That consideration was sufficiently thorough.

Using 'ikitodoku' (to be thorough) with 'jūbun'.

十分な蓋然性をもって推論する。

Infer with a sufficient degree of probability.

Using 'gaizensei' (probability) in a highly academic context.

彼の沈黙は十分な弁明であった。

His silence was a sufficient vindication/explanation.

Using 'benmei' (explanation/excuse) metaphorically.

十分な周知徹底を図る必要がある。

It is necessary to ensure that everyone is sufficiently informed.

Using 'shūchi tettei' (making something widely known).

その行為は十分な可罰性を有する。

That act possesses a sufficient degree of punishability.

Using 'kabatsusei' (punishability) in a legal/judicial context.

十分な含蓄のある言葉だ。

Those are words with sufficient implication/depth.

Using 'ganchiku' (implication/depth of meaning).

十分な勝機を見極めてから動く。

Move only after discerning a sufficient opportunity for victory.

Using 'shōki' (opportunity for victory) in a strategic context.

その作品は十分な芸術性を備えている。

That work possesses a sufficient degree of artistic quality.

Using 'geijutsusei' (artistic quality).

十分な推敲を経て出版された。

It was published after undergoing sufficient polishing/revision.

Using 'suikō' (polishing/revision of writing).

Colocações comuns

十分な時間

十分な睡眠

十分に注意する

十分な経験

十分な理由

十分な準備

十分な予算

十分な証拠

十分に理解する

十分な配慮

Frases Comuns

もう十分です

— I've had enough / That's plenty. Used to politely decline more food or drink.

お代わりはいかがですか？ーいいえ、もう十分です。

十分すぎる

— More than enough. Used to emphasize that something is very plentiful.

この給料で十分すぎます。

十分の一

— One tenth. (Note: Here it literally means 1/10, not 'enough').

確率は十分の一だ。

十分条件

— Sufficient condition. A technical term used in logic and math.

それは十分条件にすぎない。

十分に気をつけて

— Be very careful. A common parting phrase for safety.

夜道は十分に気をつけてね。

十分元は取れた

— Got one's money's worth. Used when a purchase was very satisfying.

この靴は十分元は取れた。

十分承知しています

— I am well aware. A formal way to say you understand completely.

その件は十分承知しています。

十分な手応え

— A sufficient response/feeling of success. Used after an effort.

試験には十分な手応えがあった。

十分な広さ

— Sufficient space/width. Used when describing rooms or areas.

家族四人で十分な広さだ。

十分の一も...

— Not even a tenth... Used to emphasize how little something is compared to the whole.

実力の十分の一も出せなかった。

Frequentemente confundido com

十分 vs 十分 (Juppun)

Means 10 minutes. Same kanji, different pronunciation and meaning.

十分 vs 沢山 (Takusan)

Means 'many' or 'a lot'. Focuses on quantity, while 'jūbun' focuses on adequacy.

十分 vs 足りる (Tariru)

A verb meaning 'to be enough'. More functional and less descriptive than 'jūbun'.

Expressões idiomáticas

"腹八分目に医者いらず"

— Eating until 80% full keeps the doctor away. Related to the concept of 'jūbun' (100%) by suggesting 80% is better.

健康のために腹八分目を守る。

Proverb

"十分の一の力"

— A fraction of one's power. Used in anime/manga to show how strong someone is.

まだ十分の一の力も出していない。

Casual/Dramatic

"十分な見返り"

— A sufficient return or reward for one's efforts.

苦労した甲斐あって、十分な見返りがあった。

Neutral

"十分な勝算"

— A good chance of winning. Having the 'numbers' on your side.

十分な勝算があるまで待つ。

Strategic

"十分な裏付け"

— Solid backing or proof for a claim.

その話には十分な裏付けがない。

Formal

"十分に検討する"

— To give something full consideration or study.

新しい案を十分に検討する。

Business

"十分な教育"

— A proper or sufficient education.

子供に十分な教育を受けさせる。

Social

"十分な距離"

— A safe or sufficient distance.

前の車と十分な距離を保つ。

Safety

"十分な睡眠時間"

— Sufficient hours of sleep.

十分な睡眠時間を確保する。

Health

"十分な食べ応え"

— Very filling/satisfying to eat. Used for hearty meals.

このステーキは十分な食べ応えがある。

Casual

Fácil de confundir

十分 vs 十分 (Jūbun)

Same kanji as 10 minutes.

Jūbun means 'enough'; Juppun means '10 minutes'. Pronunciation is the key difference.

十分(じゅうぶん)あります vs 十分(じゅっぷん)かかります。

十分 vs 満足 (Manzoku)

Both relate to being 'full' or 'okay'.

Jūbun is about the amount/state; Manzoku is about the feeling of satisfaction.

十分な量 vs 満足な気持ち。

十分 vs 余裕 (Yoyū)

Both mean having enough.

Jūbun is 'sufficient'; Yoyū is 'more than enough/leeway'.

十分な時間 vs 余裕のある時間。

十分 vs たっぷり (Tappuri)

Both mean plenty.

Tappuri is more casual and emphasizes a large, overflowing amount.

お肉たっぷり！

十分 vs 相当 (Sōtō)

Both describe a large degree.

Sōtō means 'considerable' or 'quite a lot', often implying more than just 'enough'.

相当な努力。

Padrões de frases

[Noun] は十分です。

水は十分です。

十分な [Noun] があります。

十分な時間があります。

十分に [Verb]。

十分に寝てください。

[Noun] は十分ではない。

証拠は十分ではない。

十分な [Noun] を [Verb]。

十分な経験を積む。

十分に [Adjective]。

十分に広いです。

十分すぎるほど [Verb/Adj]。

十分すぎるほど安いです。

十分な [Abstract Noun] を有する。

十分な蓋然性を有する。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

不十分 (Fujūbun - Insufficiency)

十分条件 (Jūbun jōken - Sufficient condition)

Verbos

充足する (Jūzoku suru - To suffice/satisfy)

Adjetivos

十分な (Jūbun na - Sufficient)

Relacionado

足りる (Tariru)

満足 (Manzoku)

余裕 (Yoyū)

沢山 (Takusan)

適当 (Tekitō)

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Como usar

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation, business, and media.

Erros comuns

Using 'no' instead of 'na'. → 十分な時間 (Jūbun na jikan)
Since 十分 is a na-adjective, it requires 'na' to modify a noun. Using 'no' is a grammatical error.
Pronouncing it as 'juppun' when you mean 'enough'. → Jūbun (じゅうぶん)
Juppun means 10 minutes. This is the most common spoken mistake and can lead to confusion about time.
Saying 'Jūbun janai' to a host. → Mō sukoshi itadakemasu ka? (Can I have a bit more?)
Telling a host 'it's not enough' is very rude. Only use the negative form for objective lacks.
Confusing 'jūbun' with 'kanpeki' (perfect). → Jūbun (enough) vs Kanpeki (perfect).
Something can be 'enough' without being 'perfect'. Don't use 'jūbun' when you want to praise something as flawless.
Using 'jūbun' for people (e.g., 'He is enough'). → Kare wa jūbun na nōryoku ga aru. (He has sufficient ability.)
In Japanese, you usually describe a person's qualities or the amount of people as 'jūbun', not the person themselves directly in that way.

Dicas

The 'Na' Rule

Always remember that 十分 is a na-adjective. When it modifies a noun directly, you must include 'na'. Example: 十分な理由 (A sufficient reason). Skipping 'na' is a common beginner mistake.

Long Vowels Matter

The 'ū' in jūbun is long. If you make it short, it sounds like 'juppun' (10 minutes). Practice saying 'jooo-bun' to get the length right and avoid confusion.

Polite Refusal

Use 'Mō jūbun desu' to decline more food or drink. It sounds much softer and more grateful than 'Iie' (No) or 'Iranai' (I don't want it). It focuses on the fact that you are already satisfied.

Jūbun vs. Takusan

Use 'takusan' when you want to say there is a large quantity. Use 'jūbun' when you want to say the quantity is *right* or *enough*. Having 'takusan' of problems is bad, but having 'jūbun' of solutions is good!

Kanji vs. Hiragana

In professional emails, use the kanji 十分. In a text to a friend, using hiragana じゅうぶん can make your message feel warmer and less stiff. It also removes any risk of them reading it as '10 minutes'.

Look for 'Ni'

When you see '十分に' (jūbun ni), it's almost always an adverb modifying an action. This is a great clue when reading or listening to determine the word's function in the sentence.

Chūi Phrases

Memorize the phrase '十分に注意してください' (Please be sufficiently careful). You will hear this constantly on trains, at construction sites, and in weather reports. It's a key safety phrase.

Subjectivity

'Jūbun' is often subjective. What is 'jūbun' for one person might not be for another. Using it allows you to express your personal satisfaction with an amount.

Jūbun vs. Tariru

Remember that 'tariru' is a verb and 'jūbun' is an adjective/adverb. You can say 'Okane ga tariru' or 'Okane wa jūbun da'. Both mean the money is enough, but 'jūbun' sounds slightly more descriptive.

10/10 Parts

The kanji are 十 (10) and 分 (parts). If you have 10 out of 10 parts, you have a full set. A full set is 'enough'. This literal meaning helps you remember the kanji and the concept.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of a '10/10' score. If you have 10 out of 10 parts, you have 'jūbun' (enough).

Associação visual

Imagine a fuel gauge pointing exactly at the 'Full' mark. That is the state of 'jūbun'.

Word Web

Enough Sufficient Plenty Full 10/10 Satisfied Ample Complete

Desafio

Try to use 'jūbun' three times today: once for time, once for food, and once for a job well done.

Origem da palavra

Derived from Middle Chinese characters 十 (ten) and 分 (part/division). In the decimal system, 10 parts represent a whole.

Significado original: Literally 'ten parts,' meaning 100% or a complete set.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Contexto cultural

Be careful not to say 'Jūbun janai' (not enough) to a host, as it is very insulting to their hospitality.

English speakers often say 'I'm good' or 'I'm full.' 'Jūbun' is the perfect equivalent for these social situations.

Used in many anime when a character has reached their limit. Common in health slogans in Japan. Appears in the Japanese translation of the Bible (e.g., 'My grace is sufficient').

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Dining

もう十分です。
十分頂きました。
十分な量です。
お腹が十分いっぱいです。

Work

十分な準備。
十分な説明。
十分な予算。
十分に検討します。

Health

十分な睡眠。
十分な休養。
十分に水分をとる。
十分な運動。

Safety

十分に注意する。
十分な距離。
十分な確認。
十分に気をつける。

Shopping

これで十分です。
十分な大きさ。
十分な機能。
十分安い。

Iniciadores de conversa

"日本での生活には十分慣れましたか？ (Have you gotten sufficiently used to life in Japan?)"

"このプロジェクトには十分な時間があると思いますか？ (Do you think there is enough time for this project?)"

"昨日は十分な睡眠がとれましたか？ (Were you able to get enough sleep yesterday?)"

"この料理の量はあなたにとって十分ですか？ (Is the amount of this food enough for you?)"

"旅行の準備は十分整いましたか？ (Are the preparations for the trip fully complete?)"

Temas para diário

今日、自分が「十分だ」と感じた瞬間について書いてください。 (Write about a moment today when you felt 'it's enough'.)

あなたが「十分な幸せ」を感じるために必要なものは何ですか？ (What do you need to feel 'sufficient happiness'?)

最近、十分な睡眠や休息がとれていますか？その理由も書いてください。 (Have you been getting enough sleep or rest lately? Write the reason too.)

「十分」と「多すぎる」の違いについて、あなたの考えを日本語で書いてください。 (Write your thoughts in Japanese about the difference between 'enough' and 'too much'.)

仕事や勉強で「十分な成果」を出すために、何が一番大切だと思いますか？ (What do you think is most important to produce 'sufficient results' in work or study?)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Look at the context and listen for the pronunciation. 'Jūbun' (enough) has a long 'u' and a 'b' sound. 'Juppun' (10 mins) has a short 'u' and a 'p' sound. If they say 'Jūbun na...', it always means 'enough' because '10 minutes' doesn't take the 'na' particle.

Yes, 'Mō jūbun desu' is a very common and polite way to say you have had enough to eat. It is often more polite than saying 'Onaka ga ippai desu' (My stomach is full) in formal situations.

It is both! Use 'jūbun na' before a noun (adjective) and 'jūbun ni' before a verb (adverb). You can also use it alone as a noun/adverb in some contexts.

'Tariru' is a verb (to suffice). 'Jūbun' is a na-adjective/adverb (sufficient). 'Tariru' is often used for functional needs (Does this money cover the bill?), while 'jūbun' is used for general adequacy and satisfaction.

It can be very rude if you are talking to a host who provided something for you. It literally means 'It's not enough.' Use it only when objectively describing a lack of resources, like 'Jikan ga jūbun janai' (There isn't enough time).

Yes, writing it as じゅうぶん is common in casual texts or when the writer wants to avoid the ambiguity with '10 minutes' (十分). However, in formal writing, the kanji is preferred.

It means 'more than enough' or 'too much in a good way.' It's an emphatic way to say you are extremely satisfied or that the amount is very generous.

Use '十分に' (jūbun ni). For example, '十分に検討させていただきます' (We will give it sufficient consideration).

Generally, yes. It implies completeness. However, 'jūbun dewa nai' (not enough) is negative. Also, in some contexts, 'jūbun' can sound a bit final, like 'I've heard enough of your excuses!'

It is a term used in logic meaning 'sufficient condition.' If A is a 'jūbun jōken' for B, then if A is true, B must also be true.

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