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A2 pronoun #1,000 mais comum 15 min de leitura

どれ

dore Top 1,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas どれ em 30 segundos

Explicação どれ in your Level:

At the A1 beginner level, learners are introduced to this word as a fundamental building block for basic communication and survival Japanese. The primary goal at this stage is simply to recognize the word as a question meaning 'which one' and to use it in very simple, highly structured sentences. Learners are taught the ko-so-a-do system (kore, sore, are, dore) as a set, memorizing them as 'this one', 'that one', 'that one over there', and 'which one'. The most common sentence pattern taught at this level is 'X wa dore desu ka' (Which one is X?). For example, a student might learn to ask 'Watashi no kaban wa dore desu ka' (Which one is my bag?) or 'Toire wa dore desu ka' (Which one is the toilet? - though 'doko' is better for locations, 'dore' might be used if pointing at several doors). At this stage, the strict rule of 'three or more items' is introduced, but learners often struggle with it, frequently defaulting to this word even when only two options are present. Teachers focus heavily on visual aids, placing three or more objects on a desk and asking the student to identify one. The focus is entirely on concrete, physical objects present in the immediate environment. Grammar is kept to an absolute minimum, usually just combining the word with the copula 'desu' and the question particle 'ka'. Pronunciation practice focuses on the correct pitch accent, ensuring the first syllable 'do' is slightly higher or emphasized compared to the 're'. Mastery at the A1 level means the student can successfully ask a shop staff member which item is a specific product, or ask a classmate which textbook belongs to them, using simple, direct phrasing without complex particle usage.

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Moving into the A2 elementary level, the usage of this word expands significantly as learners become more comfortable with Japanese particles and basic verb conjugations. While A1 focused on 'X is which one', A2 flips the structure to make the interrogative pronoun the active subject or object of the sentence. Learners are explicitly taught the crucial rule that question words cannot take the topic marker 'wa', and must instead take the subject marker 'ga'. Therefore, sentences like 'Dore ga oishii desu ka' (Which one is delicious?) or 'Dore ga anata no pen desu ka' (Which one is your pen?) become standard practice. Furthermore, learners at this level begin to use the word with action verbs and the object marker 'o', such as 'Dore o kaimasu ka' (Which one will you buy?) or 'Dore o tabemasu ka' (Which one will you eat?). The concept of making choices is formalized with the introduction of the 'ni suru' grammar point, allowing learners to ask 'Dore ni shimasu ka' (Which one will you decide on?). The strict distinction between this word (for three or more items) and 'dochira/dotchi' (for two items) is heavily reinforced through repetitive drills and situational role-plays. Learners also begin to understand that the word can refer to abstract choices represented visually, such as choosing from a list of activities on a board, rather than just physical objects they can touch. By the end of A2, a student should be able to navigate a restaurant menu, ask for recommendations, and express their own choices clearly using appropriate particles and verb forms in conjunction with this essential pronoun.

At the B1 intermediate level, the focus shifts from simple, direct questions to more complex sentence structures and embedded clauses. Learners are no longer just asking 'Which one is it?'; they are now expressing uncertainty, reporting questions, and embedding the interrogative pronoun into larger thoughts. The most significant grammatical leap here is the mastery of embedded questions using the particle 'ka'. Students learn to construct sentences like 'Dore ga ichiban ii ka wakarimasen' (I don't know which one is the best) or 'Dore o erabu beki ka mayotte imasu' (I am hesitating about which one I should choose). This requires an understanding of plain verb forms preceding the 'ka' particle. Additionally, B1 learners start combining the word with other particles to create new meanings. The inclusive/exclusive forms 'doremo' (any of them / none of them) and 'doreka' (some one of them / any one) are introduced and practiced extensively. For example, 'Doremo oishisou desu' (They all look delicious) or 'Doreka hitotsu erande kudasai' (Please choose any one of them). The contexts in which the word is used also become more abstract. Instead of just choosing apples or pens, learners might use it to discuss which policy is better, which route to take for a trip, or which software program to install. The ability to use this word fluidly in these more complex, multi-clause sentences is a hallmark of B1 proficiency, demonstrating that the learner can not only ask for information but also manipulate that information within their own cognitive framework and express complex states of mind regarding choices.

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In the B2 upper-intermediate level, the usage of this word becomes highly nuanced and naturalized, closely mimicking native speech patterns. Learners at this stage are expected to have completely internalized the grammatical rules (such as the 'ga' particle requirement and the three-or-more rule) to the point where they apply them subconsciously. The focus now is on conversational flow, tone, and utilizing the word in various registers, from casual banter to polite business Japanese. In casual speech, B2 learners will confidently drop particles where appropriate, saying things like 'Kore to sore to are, dore ga ii?' (This, that, or that over there, which is good?) with natural intonation. They will also use it in rhetorical questions or expressions of exasperation, such as 'Mou, dore ga dore da ka wakaranai!' (Ugh, I don't know which is which anymore!). In more formal settings, they understand how to frame the question politely, perhaps using 'kono naka de' (among these) to clearly define the parameters of the choice before asking 'dore ga yoroshii deshou ka' (which one would be acceptable?). B2 learners also encounter and utilize the word in more complex reading materials, such as news articles or essays, where it might refer back to a complex list of previously mentioned abstract concepts rather than physical items. They are able to track the reference of the pronoun across multiple sentences. Furthermore, they begin to appreciate the subtle differences in nuance between using this standalone pronoun versus using the adjectival 'dono' + noun, making deliberate stylistic choices based on clarity and emphasis. Mastery at B2 means the word is a fully integrated, flexible tool in the learner's communicative arsenal.

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At the C1 advanced level, the word is utilized with near-native precision, and the learner's focus is on sophisticated discourse management, rhetorical devices, and subtle pragmatic implications. C1 speakers do not just use the word to ask for information; they use it to structure arguments, highlight contradictions, or guide a listener's attention in complex professional or academic discussions. For instance, in a debate or a business negotiation involving multiple complex proposals, a C1 speaker might say, 'Samazamana an ga teiji saremashita ga, kyūkyokuteki ni dore ga mottomo hiyō tai kōka ga takai no ka o minao subeki desu' (Various proposals have been presented, but we must re-examine which one is ultimately the most cost-effective). Here, the word acts as a pivot point for critical analysis. Furthermore, C1 learners are comfortable with highly idiomatic or literary uses of the word. They understand expressions like 'dore dore' (let's see / let me look), used when someone is about to inspect something closely. They can also navigate classical or archaic nuances if they appear in modern literature. The distinction between 'dore' and 'nani' in philosophical or abstract contexts is completely clear to them; they know exactly when a situation implies a bounded set of choices versus an infinite realm of possibilities. Errors at this level are virtually non-existent regarding basic grammar, and any mistakes are usually related to extremely subtle issues of tone or register in highly specific sociolinguistic contexts. The C1 speaker wields this simple pronoun as a precise instrument for logical deduction and sophisticated inquiry.

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At the C2 mastery level, the learner possesses a comprehensive, almost academic understanding of the word, its etymology, its sociolinguistic variations, and its role within the broader architecture of the Japanese language. A C2 speaker understands the historical development of the ko-so-a-do system and how interrogative pronouns function cognitively to map spatial and conceptual relationships. They can discuss the linguistic theory behind why question words resist the topic marker 'wa' and demand the subject marker 'ga', explaining the information structure (theme vs. rheme) of Japanese sentences. In practical usage, a C2 speaker can seamlessly integrate the word into the most demanding and complex environments, such as legal proceedings, high-level diplomatic translations, or literary analysis. They can play with the word for comedic or dramatic effect, deliberately breaking rules for stylistic purposes if the context allows. They are also acutely aware of regional dialects and how the standard Tokyo usage of this word might differ slightly in intonation or application in places like Kansai or Tohoku, even if they themselves use the standard form. At this ultimate level of proficiency, the word is not just a vocabulary item to be translated; it is a fundamental cognitive category that the speaker uses to organize reality and interact with others in a profoundly native-like manner. They can write essays or give lectures on the nature of choice in Japanese society, using this very word as a central thematic element, demonstrating a flawless integration of linguistic skill and cultural insight.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

どれ em 30 segundos

Means 'which one' in English.
Used ONLY for three or more items.
Cannot be attached directly to a noun.
Takes the 'ga' particle, never 'wa'.

The Japanese word dore is an essential interrogative pronoun that translates to which or which one in English. It is a fundamental component of the ko-so-a-do demonstrative system, which categorizes words based on spatial relationship and proximity to the speaker and the listener. Understanding this system is absolutely crucial for anyone aiming to achieve fluency in the Japanese language, as it forms the bedrock of how Japanese speakers navigate their physical and conversational environments. The word dore specifically belongs to the do-series, which represents the question or interrogative form within this paradigm. When you use this word, you are inherently asking the listener to identify a specific item from a given set. However, there is a very strict and vital grammatical rule that governs its usage: it must only be used when there are three or more options available to choose from. If there are only two options, the correct word to use is dochira or its more casual variant dotchi. This distinction is one of the most common stumbling blocks for native English speakers, because in English, the word which can be used regardless of whether there are two, three, or a hundred options. In Japanese, the mathematical count of the objects in question dictates the vocabulary you must employ.

The Ko-So-A-Do System: This is the foundational framework for Japanese demonstratives, organizing words by proximity: ko (near speaker), so (near listener), a (far from both), and do (question).

Furthermore, it is important to recognize that dore functions strictly as a standalone pronoun. This means it replaces the noun entirely and cannot be attached directly to another noun to modify it. For instance, you cannot say dore hon to mean which book. Instead, you must use its adjectival counterpart, dono, resulting in dono hon.

あなたの傘はどれですか。

This standalone nature makes it incredibly versatile in everyday conversation, especially when the context is already established and the objects are physically present or have just been mentioned. You will frequently hear it in situations like shopping, dining out, or organizing items. The psychological aspect of using this word also involves a shared visual or contextual field between the speaker and the listener. When you ask someone which one they want, you are inviting them to scan the available choices and make a selection.

Pronoun vs Modifier: Remember that this word stands alone. It is the subject or object itself, never a descriptive word attached to another noun.

一番好きなのはどれ？

In casual speech, the copula desu is often dropped, making the question as simple as just saying the word with a rising intonation. This brevity is highly characteristic of native Japanese conversational flow.

ケーキ、どれにする？

As you advance in your studies, you will notice that this word can also be combined with various particles to express different nuances, such as doremo (none/any) or dorekura (how much/how long), though the latter is technically a different compound.

Particle Combinations: Adding particles like 'mo' or 'demo' completely changes the meaning from a question to an inclusive or exclusive statement, such as 'any of them' or 'none of them'.

車の中で、どれが一番速いですか。

これとそれとあれ、どれがあなたの？

Mastering this interrogative pronoun opens up a massive array of communicative possibilities, allowing you to ask for preferences, identify lost items, and navigate complex choices with ease and native-like accuracy.

Using this interrogative pronoun correctly in a sentence requires a solid understanding of Japanese particles, as the word itself rarely functions in isolation without a grammatical marker to define its role. Because it is a pronoun, it can serve as the subject, the direct object, or the target of an action, and the particle you attach to it will dictate this function. The most common particle you will see attached to it is the subject marker ga. When you want to ask which one possesses a certain quality or which one performs a certain action, you use dore ga. For example, if you are looking at a tray of different pastries and want to know which one is the most delicious, you would ask dore ga ichiban oishii desu ka. Notice that the topic marker wa is almost never used directly after this word. This is a fundamental rule of Japanese grammar: interrogative words (question words) cannot be the topic of a sentence because the topic must be known information. Therefore, you must use the subject marker ga.

The Ga Particle Rule: Question words like this one cannot take the topic marker 'wa'. They represent unknown information, so they must take the subject marker 'ga' when acting as the subject.

どれがあなたのペンですか。

Another highly frequent usage involves the particle ni, specifically in the construction ni suru, which means to decide on or to choose. When a waiter asks for your order, or a friend asks which movie you want to watch from a list of options, they will likely say dore ni shimasu ka or casually dore ni suru. This literally translates to toward which will you do, but idiomatically means which one will you decide on.

Making Choices: The phrase 'ni suru' is the standard way to express making a selection. Combining our target word with 'ni suru' creates the ultimate phrase for asking someone's decision.

飲み物はどれにしますか。

You can also use the object marker o when the pronoun is the direct receiver of an action. For instance, if someone tells you to pick a card from a deck, they might say dore o erabimasu ka (which one will you choose).

プレゼント、どれを買おうかな。

Beyond simple questions, this word is instrumental in forming embedded questions. An embedded question is a question inside a larger sentence, such as I don't know which one is good. In Japanese, you form this by taking the question clause, adding the question particle ka, and then finishing the sentence. For example, dore ga ii ka wakarimasen. This structure is incredibly common in both spoken and written Japanese and represents a significant step up in conversational fluency.

Embedded Questions: Use the particle 'ka' after the clause containing the interrogative word to embed it into a larger sentence, often followed by verbs like 'know', 'understand', or 'tell me'.

どれが正しい答えか教えてください。

どれから始めればいいですか。

Finally, you can use the particle kara (from) to ask where to begin, as in dore kara (from which one). This is perfect for situations where you have multiple tasks or items to process and need direction on the starting point. By mastering these particle combinations, you transform a simple vocabulary word into a powerful grammatical tool.

The environments and contexts where you will encounter this interrogative pronoun are vast and varied, permeating almost every aspect of daily life in Japan. Because human interaction constantly involves making choices, identifying objects, and clarifying preferences, this word is a high-frequency staple in both formal and informal settings. One of the most immediate and common places you will hear it is in retail and dining establishments. When you walk into a bakery, point at a display case filled with dozens of different breads, and ask the staff for a recommendation, they might respond by asking which specific type you are interested in. If you are at a traditional Japanese izakaya and ordering from a massive menu of yakitori skewers, the waiter might confirm your choices using this word.

Shopping Contexts: Retail environments are prime locations for this word. Whether choosing clothes, electronics, or food, the presence of multiple options necessitates its use.

この中で、どれが一番人気がありますか。

In an educational or office setting, it is equally ubiquitous. A teacher might lay out several flashcards on a desk and ask a student to point to the correct one. A manager might present three different design proposals in a meeting and ask the team which one they believe is the most effective. In these scenarios, the word facilitates clear communication and democratic decision-making.

Professional Environments: In offices, it is used to select between strategies, documents, or schedules. It is a vital tool for narrowing down options in a professional capacity.

会議の資料は、どれを印刷しますか。

Casual social interactions with friends and family are perhaps where the word gets the most mileage. Imagine sitting in a living room trying to decide which movie to stream on Netflix from a list of trending titles. Or standing in front of a gachapon (capsule toy) machine, wondering aloud which toy will come out. The casual form, often just the word itself said with a questioning tone, is a staple of relaxed, intimate conversation.

ねえ、どれが見たい？

Furthermore, you will encounter this word frequently in digital spaces. When navigating Japanese websites, software interfaces, or video games, you might see prompts asking you to select an avatar, a difficulty level, or a payment method. While sometimes formal language is used, the core concept of selecting from multiple options remains tied to this interrogative root.

Digital Interfaces: Software and games often use this concept when prompting user choices, though sometimes written in kanji or embedded in more complex polite phrases.

キャラクターはどれにしますか。

本物の鍵はどれだ？

It is also heavily featured in language learning materials and tests like the JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test). Listening comprehension sections frequently rely on scenarios where multiple images are shown, and the audio asks the test-taker to identify the correct image based on a spoken description. In these high-stakes testing environments, quickly recognizing the word and scanning the options is a critical skill. By immersing yourself in these various contexts, you will develop a natural intuition for when and how to deploy this essential vocabulary word.

Even though it is a beginner-level vocabulary word, English speakers frequently make several predictable and persistent mistakes when using this interrogative pronoun. These errors usually stem from direct translation habits and a misunderstanding of the strict categorization within the Japanese demonstrative system. The single most prevalent mistake is ignoring the rule of numbers. In English, we ask which one regardless of whether we are holding two apples or ten apples. In Japanese, using this word when there are only two options is grammatically incorrect and sounds highly unnatural to a native speaker. If you hold up a red shirt and a blue shirt and ask dore ga ii (which one is good?), a Japanese speaker will understand you, but it will immediately mark you as a novice. The correct word for two items is always dochira or dotchi. You must train your brain to quickly count the options before formulating your question.

The Two-Item Trap: Never use this word for binary choices. Yes/No, Left/Right, A/B scenarios strictly require 'dochira'. Reserve our target word exclusively for three or more items.

AとB、どれがいい？ (Incorrect usage if only two options exist)

The second major mistake involves confusing pronouns with pre-noun modifiers. Many learners attempt to attach this word directly to a noun, saying things like dore kuruma (which car) or dore hito (which person). This is a direct translation of English syntax but violates Japanese grammar rules. Because it is a standalone pronoun, it cannot modify a noun. If you want to say which car, you must use the adjectival form dono, resulting in dono kuruma. This distinction between the re-series (kore, sore, are, dore) and the no-series (kono, sono, ano, dono) requires dedicated practice to master.

Pronoun vs Adjective: Do not place a noun immediately after this word. If a noun follows, you must switch to 'dono'.

どれ靴が好きですか。 (Incorrect - should be どの靴)

Another common error is the misuse of particles, specifically using the topic marker wa instead of the subject marker ga. Beginners often say dore wa anata no desu ka (which is yours?). As mentioned in previous sections, question words cannot be the topic of a sentence because the topic must be established, known information. You are asking for the identity of the subject, so you must use ga: dore ga anata no desu ka.

Particle Errors: Using 'wa' after interrogative pronouns is a classic beginner mistake. Always default to 'ga' when the question word is the subject.

どれは美味しいですか。 (Incorrect - should be どれが)

Finally, learners sometimes use this word when asking about abstract concepts or actions, where nani (what) would be more appropriate. This word implies a selection from a defined set of options. If the options are open-ended or infinite, nani is the better choice. For example, asking what do you want to do today should use nani, not a word implying a selection from a list, unless a specific list of activities has already been presented.

将来、どれになりたいですか。 (Incorrect if asking generally about future careers - should be 何)

今日の夕食はどれがいい？ (Only correct if pointing at a menu or specific options)

By being mindful of the number of options, the grammatical role of the word, the correct particles, and the nature of the choices being presented, you can avoid these common pitfalls and speak with much greater accuracy and confidence.

To fully grasp the nuances of this interrogative pronoun, it is highly beneficial to compare it with its linguistic siblings and cousins within the Japanese language. The most immediate and necessary comparison is with dochira and its colloquial abbreviation dotchi. As emphasized repeatedly, the primary distinction is numerical. Dochira is used exclusively when choosing between two items, whereas our target word is used for three or more. However, dochira also carries a secondary function: it can mean which direction or which way. In highly formal business Japanese (keigo), dochira is sometimes used as a polite substitute for who or where, adding layers of complexity that our target word does not possess. Our target word remains firmly rooted in the selection of objects from a group of three or more.

Dochira / Dotchi: The binary equivalent. Used strictly for two options. Also used for directions. Highly formal contexts may expand its usage, unlike our target word.

コーヒーと紅茶、どちらがいいですか。

Another crucial alternative is dono, the pre-noun modifier form. While our target word translates to which one (as a pronoun), dono translates simply to which (as an adjective). If you want to specify the category of the item you are asking about, you must use dono followed by the noun. For example, dono hon (which book), dono hito (which person), or dono kuruma (which car). This is often more precise than just asking which one, especially in cluttered environments or complex conversations where the category of objects might not be immediately obvious to the listener.

Dono + Noun: The adjectival equivalent. Requires a noun immediately following it. Use this when you need to specify exactly what kind of object is being selected.

どのパソコンを買う予定ですか。

We must also consider the word nani (what). While both are question words, nani is open-ended, whereas our target word implies a closed set of options. If you ask nani o tabemasu ka (what will you eat?), the answer could be anything in the world. If you ask dore o tabemasu ka (which one will you eat?), you are implying that there is a specific menu, a table full of food, or a previously discussed list of options from which the person must choose. The boundary between the two can sometimes blur if the context implies a set, but generally, nani is infinite and our target word is finite.

Nani (What): Used for open-ended questions without a predefined set of choices. Represents infinite possibilities rather than a specific selection.

誕生日に何が欲しいですか。

Finally, it is worth mentioning related compounds like doremo. By adding the inclusive particle mo, the question word transforms into a universal negative or positive depending on the verb. Doremo ii desu means any of them are fine (all are good). Doremo suki ja nai means I don't like any of them. This demonstrates how Japanese builds complex meanings by combining simple interrogatives with powerful particles.

どれも高すぎて買えません。

その三つのうち、どれか一つ選んでください。

Understanding these alternatives and related forms not only clarifies the specific usage of our target word but also significantly expands your overall grammatical repertoire and expressive capability in Japanese.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The 'ko-so-a-do' system is incredibly mathematically elegant. Once you learn the four prefixes (ko=near me, so=near you, a=far from both, do=question), you can combine them with various suffixes to create dozens of words. Add '-re' for pronouns, '-no' for adjectives, '-ko' for places, and '-chira' for directions. Learning 'dore' unlocks the entire 'do' (question) column of this matrix!

Guia de pronúncia

UK /do.ɾe/

US /do.ɾe/

Japanese uses pitch accent, not stress. The standard Tokyo pitch accent for this word is Atamadaka (High-Low). The first mora 'do' is pronounced with a high pitch, and the pitch drops on 're'. DO-re.

Rima com

これ (kore) それ (sore) あれ (are) もれ (more - leak) すれ (sure - passing) ぬれ (nure - wet) はれ (hare - sunny) たれ (tare - sauce)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing the 'r' like an English 'r' (rolling the tongue back). It must be a tap.
Diphthongizing the vowels. The 'o' should not sound like 'oh' (ou), and the 'e' should not sound like 'ay' (ei). Keep them pure and short.
Using English stress instead of Japanese pitch accent. Do not say do-RE.
Confusing it with 'dono' when speaking quickly.
Forgetting the pitch drop. If pronounced flat (Heiban), it sounds unnatural for this specific word.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 1/5

Written entirely in hiragana (どれ). Very easy to read and recognize.

Escrita 1/5

Only two basic hiragana characters. Extremely simple to write.

Expressão oral 3/5

Pronunciation is easy, but remembering to use 'ga' instead of 'wa', and remembering the 3+ item rule requires cognitive effort during live speech.

Audição 2/5

Easy to hear, but learners must quickly process the particles that follow it to understand its grammatical role in the sentence.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

これ (kore - this) それ (sore - that) あれ (are - that over there) が (ga - subject particle) ですか (desu ka - is it?)

Aprenda a seguir

どの (dono - which + noun) どちら (dochira - which of two) どっち (dotchi - which of two, casual) 何 (nani - what) どこ (doko - where)

Avançado

いずれ (izure - which, formal) どれほど (dorehodo - to what extent) 甲乙つけがたい (kouotsu tsukegatai - hard to rank/choose)

Gramática essencial

Question words as subjects must take 'ga', not 'wa'.

どれが [dore ga] (Correct) vs どれは [dore wa] (Incorrect)

To express 'deciding on' an option, use the particle 'ni' + 'suru'.

これにします。(I will decide on this one.)

To embed a question inside a sentence, use the plain form + 'ka'.

どれがいいか分かりません。(I don't know which is good.)

Adding 'mo' to a question word creates an inclusive/exclusive pronoun.

どれも好きです。(I like all of them.)

Adding 'ka' to a question word creates an indefinite pronoun.

どれか選んで。(Choose any one.)

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Exemplos por nível

あなたのペンはどれですか。

Which one is your pen?

Basic A1 structure: [Noun] wa dore desu ka.

どれが水ですか。

Which one is water?

Using 'ga' because the question word is the subject.

トイレはどれですか。

Which one is the toilet?

Simple identification among multiple options.

どれが好きですか。

Which one do you like?

Combining with the common adjective 'suki' (like).

私の靴はどれですか。

Which ones are my shoes?

Used for plural items as well, since Japanese doesn't distinguish plural pronouns here.

どれを買いますか。

Which one will you buy?

Using the object particle 'o' with a basic verb.

一番はどれですか。

Which one is number one?

Combining with 'ichiban' (number one/best).

どれが安いですか。

Which one is cheap?

Asking for a characteristic among choices.

飲み物はどれにしますか。

Which drink will you decide on?

Using the 'ni suru' (decide on) grammar point.

この中でどれが一番美味しいですか。

Among these, which one is the most delicious?

Using 'kono naka de' to define the group of choices.

どれを読めばいいですか。

Which one should I read?

Using the conditional 'ba' form to ask for advice.

ケーキはどれがいいですか。

Which cake is good (for you)?

'ga ii' is a common way to ask for a preference.

どれが正しい答えですか。

Which one is the correct answer?

Modifying 'kotae' (answer) with an adjective.

どれから食べましょうか。

Which one shall we eat from (first)?

Using 'kara' to indicate a starting point.

どれも高くて買えません。

They are all expensive and I cannot buy them.

Using 'doremo' for 'all of them' in a negative context.

どれか一つ選んでください。

Please choose any one.

Using 'doreka' to mean 'some one' or 'any one'.

どれが自分の傘か分からなくなりました。

I don't know which one is my umbrella anymore.

Embedded question using 'ka' before the verb 'wakaranai'.

メニューが多すぎて、どれにしようか迷っています。

There are too many menus (items), so I am hesitating about which one to decide on.

Volitional form + 'ka mayotte iru' (hesitating about what to do).

どれを選んでも、結果は同じだと思います。

Whichever one you choose, I think the result will be the same.

'Dore o [verb-te] mo' means 'no matter which one you [verb]'.

会議の資料、どれを印刷すればいいか教えてくれますか。

Could you tell me which meeting materials I should print?

Embedded question asking for instructions.

どれが一番効率的な方法か、みんなで話し合いましょう。

Let's discuss together which is the most efficient method.

Using complex vocabulary like 'kouritsuteki' (efficient) with the pronoun.

どれも素晴らしい作品で、甲乙つけがたいです。

They are all wonderful works, and it's hard to rank them.

Using 'doremo' in a highly positive, slightly formal context.

どれか適当なものを見つけておいてください。

Please find some appropriate one and keep it ready.

'Doreka tekitou na mono' (some appropriate thing).

パソコンが壊れたので、どれか新しいのを買わなければなりません。

My computer broke, so I have to buy some new one.

Using 'no' as a nominalizer after an adjective following 'doreka'.

複数の選択肢がありますが、最終的にどれを採用するかは社長が決めます。

There are multiple options, but the company president will decide which one to ultimately adopt.

Formal business context, embedding the question before 'wa'.

どれが真実でどれが嘘か、見極めるのは非常に困難だ。

It is extremely difficult to discern which is the truth and which is a lie.

Contrasting two 'dore' clauses for dramatic effect.

どれをとっても、彼の右に出る者はいない。

In every aspect (whichever you take), there is no one who surpasses him.

Idiomatic expression 'dore o totte mo' meaning 'in all aspects'.

どれだけ探しても、探している本は見つからなかった。

No matter how much I searched, I couldn't find the book I was looking for.

'Dore dake' is a related compound meaning 'how much' or 'to what extent'.

どれもこれも中途半端で、使い物にならない。

Every single one of these is half-baked and useless.

Idiomatic phrase 'dore mo kore mo' expressing frustration that everything is bad.

予算の都合上、どれか一つを諦めざるを得ない状況です。

Due to budget constraints, we are in a situation where we have no choice but to give up on one of them.

Advanced grammar 'zaru o enai' (cannot help but) combined with the pronoun.

どれが原因でシステム障害が起きたのか、現在調査中です。

We are currently investigating which one caused the system failure.

Using 'ga gen'in de' (caused by which one) in a technical context.

彼の提案はどれも現実味がなく、会議は平行線をたどった。

None of his proposals were realistic, and the meeting went nowhere.

Using 'doremo' with a negative ending to dismiss multiple abstract ideas.

提示された三つの案のうち、どれが最も費用対効果に優れているか、詳細な分析が求められる。

A detailed analysis is required to determine which of the three presented proposals has the best cost-effectiveness.

Highly formal academic/business vocabulary ('hiyou tai kouka').

どれも一長一短があり、即断するのは危険極まりない。

Each of them has its merits and demerits, and making a hasty decision is extremely dangerous.

Using the four-character idiom (yojijukugo) 'icchou ittan'.

「どれどれ、見せてごらん」と、祖父は古い時計を手に取った。

'Let's see, show it to me,' the grandfather said, taking the old watch in his hand.

Using the colloquial/idiomatic repetition 'dore dore' to express interest or inspection.

情報が錯綜しており、どれが公式な見解なのか判然としない。

Information is tangled, and it is unclear which is the official view.

Advanced vocabulary 'sakusou' (tangled) and 'hanzen to shinai' (unclear).

どれを犠牲にしてどれを救うかという、究極の倫理的ジレンマに直面した。

We faced the ultimate ethical dilemma of which to sacrifice and which to save.

Philosophical/ethical context contrasting two choices from a larger set.

彼の言い訳はどれもこれも的外れで、聞くに堪えない。

Every single one of his excuses is beside the point and unbearable to listen to.

Strong expression of disdain using 'dore mo kore mo' and 'kiku ni taenai'.

数ある名作の中で、どれを最高傑作と呼ぶかは個人の価値観に大きく依存する。

Among the many masterpieces, which one is called the greatest work depends heavily on individual values.

Discussing subjective judgment regarding a large set of items.

どれから手をつければよいか途方に暮れるほどの、膨大な作業量が待ち受けていた。

An enormous amount of work awaited, so much that I was at a loss as to which to start with.

Using 'tohou ni kureru' (to be at a loss) to emphasize the overwhelming number of choices.

古典文学において、この指示代名詞がどれを指し示しているのかを特定することは、解釈の鍵となる。

In classical literature, identifying what this demonstrative pronoun refers to is the key to interpretation.

Academic linguistic discussion about the word itself.

政策の優先順位を決定する際、どれを切り捨てるかという冷酷な決断が政治家には求められる。

When determining policy priorities, politicians are required to make the ruthless decision of which ones to cut.

High-level political discourse using strong vocabulary like 'reikoku' (ruthless).

どれもが正義を主張する泥沼の紛争において、絶対的な善悪を見出すことは不可能に近い。

In a quagmire of a conflict where every side claims justice, finding absolute good and evil is nearly impossible.

Using 'dore mo ga' to personify multiple factions or abstract concepts.

宇宙の無数の星々の中で、どれが生命を宿しているのか、人類の探求は終わることがない。

Among the countless stars in the universe, which ones harbor life is an endless quest for humanity.

Cosmic/philosophical scale, using the word for a practically infinite set treated as discrete options.

彼の芸術は、既存のジャンルのどれにも分類できない、全く新しい地平を切り開いた。

His art opened up a completely new horizon, unable to be classified into any of the existing genres.

Using 'dore ni mo [negative]' to express complete exclusion from all categories.

どれほどの犠牲を払おうとも、この計画は完遂させねばならないという狂気に彼は憑りつかれていた。

He was possessed by the madness that this plan must be completed, no matter how much sacrifice was paid.

Using the related compound 'dore hodo' (how much/to what extent) in a dramatic literary style.

言語学的に見れば、「どれ」と「どの」の使い分けは、名詞の独立性に対する話者の認識を反映している。

Linguistically speaking, the distinction between 'dore' and 'dono' reflects the speaker's cognitive perception of the noun's independence.

Meta-linguistic analysis of the word's function.

万物流転の世において、どれが永遠の真理であるかを問うこと自体が、人間の傲慢かもしれない。

In a world of constant flux, asking which is the eternal truth might itself be human arrogance.

Deep philosophical statement using the word to question the nature of truth among many philosophies.

Colocações comuns

どれがいい

どれにする

どれが一番

どれくらい

どれも

どれか

どれから

どれを

どれでも

どれほど

Frases Comuns

どれどれ

— An expression used when you are about to look at or inspect something. Translates roughly to 'let's see' or 'let me look'.

どれどれ、見せてごらん。 (Let's see, show it to me.)

どれにしようかな

— A phrase muttered to oneself when trying to make a decision. Translates to 'which one should I choose, I wonder'.

ケーキがいっぱいある。どれにしようかな。 (There are so many cakes. Which one should I choose, I wonder.)

どれがどれだか

— An expression of confusion when many things look similar or a situation is chaotic. Translates to 'which is which'.

似たような部品が多くて、どれがどれだか分からない。 (There are so many similar parts, I don't know which is which.)

どれもこれも

— An emphatic way to say 'every single one of them', usually with a negative connotation expressing frustration.

彼の言い訳はどれもこれも嘘だ。 (Every single one of his excuses is a lie.)

どれをとっても

— An expression meaning 'no matter which one you look at' or 'in every aspect', usually followed by praise.

このレストランの料理は、どれをとっても一流だ。 (No matter which dish you look at, this restaurant's food is top-class.)

どれくらい

— A compound meaning 'how much' or 'how long'. Used for time, distance, or quantity.

日本にどれくらい住んでいますか。 (How long have you lived in Japan?)

どれだけ

— Similar to dorekura, meaning 'how much' or 'to what extent', often with an emotional emphasis.

どれだけ待てばいいの？ (How much longer do I have to wait?)

どれでもいい

— A phrase meaning 'any of them is fine' or 'I don't mind which one'.

飲み物は何がいい？どれでもいいよ。 (What drink do you want? Any is fine.)

どれか一つ

— A phrase emphasizing the selection of exactly one item from a group. Translates to 'any one (of them)'.

どれか一つだけ選んでください。 (Please choose just one of them.)

どれがおすすめ

— A very useful phrase for travelers or shoppers asking for a recommendation. Translates to 'which one is recommended'.

この中で、どれがおすすめですか。 (Among these, which one is recommended?)

Frequentemente confundido com

どれ vs どちら (dochira)

Learners often use 'dore' for two items. 'Dochira' must be used for two items. 'Dore' is strictly for three or more.

どれ vs どの (dono)

Learners often try to attach 'dore' to a noun (dore hon). 'Dono' is the correct word to use before a noun (dono hon).

どれ vs 何 (nani)

Learners sometimes use 'dore' for open-ended questions. 'Dore' implies a specific set of choices. 'Nani' is for infinite possibilities.

Expressões idiomáticas

"どれもこれも"

— Every single one; all of them without exception. Usually carries a negative nuance of exasperation or dismissal.

今年の新人たちは、どれもこれも挨拶ができない。 (Every single one of the new employees this year can't even greet properly.)

Informal/Frustrated

"どれをとっても"

— Whichever one you take; in every respect; without exception. Usually used to praise a collection of things where every single item is excellent.

彼女の作品は、どれをとっても素晴らしい。 (Whichever of her works you look at, they are all wonderful.)

Neutral/Positive

"どれがどれやら"

— A state of complete confusion where one cannot distinguish between multiple items or pieces of information. 'Which is which'.

双子なので、どれがどれやら全く見分けがつかない。 (Because they are twins, I have absolutely no idea which is which.)

Informal

"どれどれ"

— An interjection used when initiating an inspection or observation. 'Let's see here'.

どれどれ、今日の新聞には何が書いてあるかな。 (Let's see here, what's written in today's newspaper.)

Casual/Older generation

"どれほど"

— To what extent; how much. Used to emphasize the extreme degree of an emotion, effort, or situation.

親がどれほど心配したか、君には分からないだろう。 (You probably don't understand how much your parents worried.)

Formal/Dramatic

"どれだけ"

— Similar to dorehodo, emphasizing extent or quantity, but slightly more conversational.

これを完成させるのに、どれだけ時間がかかったことか。 (Oh, how much time it took to complete this.)

Neutral/Emphatic

"どれに転んでも"

— Whichever way things turn out; no matter what happens. Similar to 'either way'.

どれに転んでも、損はしない仕組みになっている。 (Whichever way it turns out, it's structured so we won't lose money.)

Business/Idiomatic

"どれかと言えば"

— If I had to say which one; if forced to choose.

どれかと言えば、こちらのデザインの方が好きです。 (If I had to choose, I like this design better.)

Neutral

"どれも同じ"

— They are all the same; it makes no difference which one you choose.

安いワインはどれも同じ味がする。 (Cheap wines all taste the same.)

Neutral/Dismissive

"どれでも構わない"

— I don't mind which one; any of them is perfectly fine.

お茶かコーヒーか、どれでも構いません。 (Tea or coffee, I don't mind which.)

Polite

Fácil de confundir

どれ vs どちら (dochira)

Both translate to 'which' in English.

The difference is purely mathematical. 'Dochira' is used when there are exactly two options. 'Dore' is used when there are three or more options. English does not make this distinction, causing constant confusion for native English speakers.

AとB、どちらがいい？ (A or B, which is better?) vs AとBとC、どれがいい？ (A, B, or C, which is better?)

どれ vs どの (dono)

Both translate to 'which' in English and sound similar.

'Dore' is a pronoun; it stands alone and replaces the noun. 'Dono' is an adjective (pre-noun modifier); it must be followed immediately by a noun. You cannot say 'dore hon', you must say 'dono hon'.

どれが好きですか。 (Which one do you like?) vs どの本が好きですか。 (Which book do you like?)

どれ vs 何 (nani)

Both are question words asking for identification.

'Nani' (what) is used when the options are open-ended or unknown. 'Dore' (which) is used when there is a predefined, limited set of options to choose from.

何を食べますか。 (What will you eat? - anything in the world) vs どれを食べますか。 (Which one will you eat? - from this menu)

どれ vs だれ (dare)

Sounds similar (starts with d, ends with re) and is also an interrogative pronoun.

'Dare' means 'who' and is used exclusively for people. 'Dore' means 'which one' and is used for inanimate objects or animals, never for people (unless in a very specific, dehumanizing context).

だれが来ますか。 (Who will come?) vs どれがあなたのカバンですか。 (Which one is your bag?)

どれ vs どれか (doreka)

It contains the word 'dore' but has a different function.

'Dore' is a question word meaning 'which one?'. 'Doreka' is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some one' or 'any one' from a group. It is not a question word itself, though it can be used in questions.

どれが欲しいですか。 (Which one do you want?) vs どれか欲しいですか。 (Do you want any one of them?)

Padrões de frases

[Noun] はどれですか。

あなたの車はどれですか。 (Which one is your car?)

どれが [Adjective] ですか。

どれが一番安いですか。 (Which one is the cheapest?)

どれにしますか。

デザートはどれにしますか。 (Which dessert will you decide on?)

どれが [Adjective] か分かりません。

どれが正しいか分かりません。 (I don't know which is correct.)

どれも [Negative Verb]。

どれも美味しくないです。 (None of them are delicious.)

どれを [Verb-te] も [Result]。

どれを選んでも同じです。 (Whichever you choose, it's the same.)

どれを [Verb] べきか。

どれを優先すべきか議論する。 (We will discuss which one we should prioritize.)

どれもこれも [Negative description]。

彼の案はどれもこれも非現実的だ。 (Every single one of his proposals is unrealistic.)

Família de palavras

Adjetivos

どの (dono - which, pre-noun modifier)

Relacionado

これ (kore - this one)

それ (sore - that one)

あれ (are - that one over there)

どちら (dochira - which of two)

どっち (dotchi - which of two, casual)

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Como usar

frequency

Extremely high. It is a core vocabulary word taught in the first few weeks of any Japanese curriculum.

Erros comuns

AとB、どれがいいですか。 → AとB、どちら（どっち）がいいですか。
Using 'dore' for a choice between exactly two items (A and B) is incorrect. You must use 'dochira' or 'dotchi' for binary choices.
どれ本を読みますか。 → どの本を読みますか。
'Dore' is a standalone pronoun and cannot be placed directly before a noun. To modify a noun, you must use the adjectival form 'dono'.
どれはあなたのペンですか。 → どれがあなたのペンですか。
Interrogative words (question words) represent unknown information and therefore cannot be the topic of a sentence. They must take the subject marker 'ga', never 'wa'.
将来、どれになりたいですか。 → 将来、何になりたいですか。
'Dore' implies choosing from a specific, limited set of options. When asking an open-ended question about the future (like 'what do you want to be'), you must use 'nani' (what).
飲み物はどれをしますか。 → 飲み物はどれにしますか。
When expressing a decision or choice, the correct grammatical structure is 'ni suru', not 'o suru'. Therefore, it must be 'dore ni shimasu ka'.

Dicas

The 3+ Rule

Burn this into your memory: 'Dore' is strictly for three or more items. If you are looking at two things, immediately switch to 'dochira' or 'dotchi'.

No 'Wa' Allowed

Never, ever say 'dore wa'. Question words cannot take the topic marker. Always use 'dore ga' when it is the subject of your sentence.

The Ko-So-A-Do Matrix

Learn 'dore' as part of a set: kore (this), sore (that), are (that over there), dore (which). They all follow the exact same grammatical rules.

Pitch Accent Matters

Pronounce it DO-re (High-Low). If you say do-RE (Low-High), it sounds unnatural and might confuse the listener for a split second.

Pronoun vs Modifier

If you want to say the name of the object right after 'which' (like 'which car'), you cannot use 'dore'. You must use 'dono' (dono kuruma).

Restaurant Survival

Memorize the phrase 'Dore ni shimasu ka?' (Which will you decide on?). You will hear this constantly from waiters and friends when looking at menus.

Listen for the Particle

When native speakers talk fast, 'dore' might blend into the next word. Train your ear to catch 'dore-ga', 'dore-o', and 'dore-ni' as single phonetic units.

Add 'Mo' for All/None

Remember that adding 'mo' (doremo) completely changes the meaning. 'Doremo ii' means they are all good. 'Doremo dame' means none of them are good.

Pointing is Okay

When using 'dore', it is perfectly natural and expected to physically point at the objects you are asking about, or gesture towards the general area.

Mental Drill

Whenever you see a group of objects in your daily life (cars, trees, cups), mentally ask yourself 'Dore ga [adjective] desu ka?' to build rapid recall.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine a DOoR (do-re) with three or more keyholes. You have to ask, 'WHICH ONE is the right keyhole?' Remember, there must be at least three keyholes on the DOoR to use this word!

Associação visual

Visualize three distinct, brightly colored boxes (red, blue, green) sitting on a table. Above them, a giant, glowing question mark is hovering. The question mark is shaped slightly like the hiragana character for 'do' (ど).

Word Web

どれ (dore) -> どの (dono) [adjective form] -> どちら (dochira) [two items] -> これ (kore) [this one - answer] -> どれが (dore ga) [subject] -> どれに (dore ni) [decision] -> どれも (doremo) [all/none] -> 三つ以上 (mittsu ijou) [three or more]

Desafio

Next time you are at a grocery store, look at a shelf with many different brands of the same item (like cereal or coffee). Point to the shelf and ask yourself out loud: 'Dore ga ichiban oishii desu ka?' (Which one is the most delicious?).

Origem da palavra

The word originates from Old Japanese. It is formed by combining the interrogative root 'do-' (which is used for questions regarding identity or location) with the suffix '-re', which acts as a nominalizer or pronoun marker indicating a thing or entity.

Significado original: Which thing (among a group). The meaning has remained remarkably consistent throughout Japanese history.

Japonic -> Japanese -> Modern Japanese.

Contexto cultural

There are no major cultural sensitivities or taboo usages associated with this word. It is a neutral, functional grammatical tool.

English speakers are used to the word 'which' being universal. The biggest cultural/linguistic hurdle is retraining the brain to care about the number of items. In English, counting options before asking 'which' is unnecessary; in Japanese, it is mandatory.

The phrase 'Dore dore' is a classic trope used by elderly characters (like grandfathers or doctors) in anime and manga when they are about to examine something or someone. Many Japanese game shows feature segments where contestants must guess the correct item among many fakes, often titled with phrases like 'Honmono wa dore da?' (Which is the real one?). In the famous Japanese folk tale 'Kaguya-hime' (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter), the suitors are presented with impossible tasks, essentially a multiple-choice test of 'which' impossible item they can retrieve.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Shopping in a store

どれが人気ですか (Which is popular?)
どれを買えばいいですか (Which should I buy?)
おすすめはどれですか (Which is recommended?)
どれも高いですね (They are all expensive)

Ordering at a restaurant

どれにしますか (Which will you decide on?)
どれが美味しいですか (Which is delicious?)
デザートはどれがいい？ (Which dessert is good?)
どれから食べようかな (Which should I eat first?)

In a classroom

正しい答えはどれですか (Which is the correct answer?)
あなたの教科書はどれですか (Which is your textbook?)
どれが分かりませんか (Which one do you not understand?)
どれか一つ選んでください (Please choose one)

Finding lost items

私の傘はどれですか (Which is my umbrella?)
あなたのカバンはどれ？ (Which is your bag?)
どれが自分のものか分からない (I don't know which is mine)
これとそれ、どれが君の？ (This and that, which is yours?)

Making plans with friends

映画、どれが見たい？ (Which movie do you want to see?)
ゲーム、どれをやる？ (Which game will we play?)
どれでもいいよ (Any is fine)
どれにしようか迷うね (It's hard to decide which one)

Iniciadores de conversa

"色々な種類のケーキがありますが、どれが一番好きですか。"

"日本の都市の中で、旅行するならどれが一番おすすめですか。"

"この三つの映画の中で、今夜はどれを見ましょうか。"

"たくさんの趣味があるそうですが、どれが一番楽しいですか。"

"メニューがたくさんあって迷いますね。どれにしようと思っていますか。"

Temas para diário

Write about a time you had to choose between many options. Which one (どれ) did you choose and why?

List three of your favorite books or movies. Write a sentence asking a friend which one (どれ) they want to borrow.

Describe your closet. Ask yourself which clothes (どれ) you should wear tomorrow.

Imagine you are at a pet store with many puppies. Write a dialogue asking the staff which one (どれ) is the most energetic.

Write about a difficult decision where you didn't know which one (どれ) to pick.

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, this is grammatically incorrect in Japanese. If there are exactly two items, you must use 'dochira' or its casual form 'dotchi'. Using 'dore' for two items sounds very unnatural to a native speaker. Always count your options!

No, 'dore' is a standalone pronoun and cannot modify a noun directly. To say 'which book', you must use the adjectival form 'dono', resulting in 'dono hon'. Remember: 're' words stand alone, 'no' words need a noun.

In Japanese grammar, question words (interrogatives) cannot be the topic of a sentence because the topic must be known information. Since 'dore' represents unknown information, it must take the subject marker 'ga'.

'Ni suru' is a grammatical structure meaning 'to decide on'. When combined with 'dore', it means 'which one will you decide on?' or 'which one will you choose?'. It is the standard phrase used when ordering food or making a selection.

Generally, no. 'Dore' is used for inanimate objects and animals. To ask 'which person', you should use 'dono hito' or 'donata' (polite). Using 'dore' for people can sound extremely rude or dehumanizing, as if treating them like objects.

'Nani' means 'what' and is used for open-ended questions with infinite possibilities. 'Dore' means 'which one' and is used when there is a specific, limited set of options (three or more) to choose from.

By adding the inclusive particle 'mo' to 'dore', it becomes 'doremo'. With a positive verb, it means 'any of them' or 'all of them'. With a negative verb, it means 'none of them'. For example, 'doremo oishii' (they are all delicious) or 'doremo suki ja nai' (I don't like any of them).

'Dore' itself is a neutral vocabulary word. Its politeness depends entirely on the words that follow it. 'Dore?' is casual. 'Dore desu ka?' is polite. 'Dore ga yoroshii deshou ka?' is highly formal.

Pronounce the 'do' like the English word 'dough' but shorter. The 're' uses the Japanese tapped 'r', which sounds like a quick 'd' or the 'tt' in 'butter'. The pitch accent is high on 'do' and low on 're' (DO-re).

'Dore dore' is an idiomatic expression used when someone is about to look at, inspect, or examine something. It translates roughly to 'let's see' or 'let me take a look'. It is often used by older people or in a slightly playful tone.

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