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B2 noun #6,500 mais comum 9 min de leitura

기틀

giteul Top 6,500

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 기틀 em 30 segundos

Explicação 기틀 in your Level:

The word '기틀' (giteul) is a bit difficult for beginners, but you can think of it as a 'special starting point.' Imagine you want to build a very big LEGO castle. Before you add the colorful bricks, you need a strong grey baseplate and a plan. That baseplate is the '기틀.' In Korean, we use this word when we talk about big things like a new school, a country, or a big business starting the right way. You won't use it to talk about making a sandwich, but you might hear it when someone talks about a king starting a new country a long time ago. It means 'the important first part that makes everything else possible.' For now, just remember it means 'foundation' for big, important things.

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At the A2 level, you can start to see '기틀' as a more formal version of '기초' (basics) or '시작' (start). While '기초' is for things like learning '1+1=2,' '기틀' is used for the organization of a project. For example, if you and your friends start a club, and you decide on the rules and who is the leader, you are making the '기틀' for the club. It is a noun that often goes with the verb '마련하다' (to prepare) or '잡다' (to set/catch). You will see it in simple news stories or history lessons. It is a 'high-level' word, so using it makes your Korean sound more serious and grown-up. Just remember: it's for the structure of a system, not the physical ground.

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As a B1 learner, you should recognize '기틀' as a key term for 'groundwork' or 'structural foundation.' It is frequently used in business and social contexts. When a company expands, they need to establish a '기틀'—meaning they need the right departments, rules, and goals in place. It differs from '기반' (infrastructure) because '기틀' focuses on the *form and logic* of the organization. A common phrase is '기틀을 다지다,' which means to make the foundation firm or solid. If you are writing an essay about society or history, using '기틀' instead of '기초' will significantly improve your score because it shows you understand the nuance of systemic structures versus simple elementary basics.

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At the B2 level, '기틀' is an essential word for discussing abstract systems, institutional frameworks, and historical developments. It refers to the fundamental structure upon which a task, organization, or system is built. It implies a level of complexity and intentionality. For instance, in a discussion about economic policy, '기틀' refers to the regulatory and institutional frameworks that allow markets to function. It is often used with '바로잡다' (to correct/straighten) when a system is failing and needs reform. You should be able to distinguish it from '토대' (base) and '근간' (backbone). '기틀' is specifically about the *framework*—the set of rules or structures that give an entity its shape and direction. It is a hallmark of formal, written Korean.

For C1 learners, '기틀' represents the conceptual and institutional architecture of an entity. It is a term that carries historical and philosophical weight. In academic discourse, it describes the establishment of a paradigm or the foundational tenets of a school of thought. You should use it to describe the 'institutionalization' of concepts. For example, '조선 왕조의 통치 기틀을 확립하다' refers to the complex process of establishing the administrative, legal, and social codes of the Joseon Dynasty. It is not just about starting; it is about the authoritative and definitive creation of a lasting structure. Mastery at this level involves using '기틀' in complex metaphorical senses, such as the '기틀' of one's character or the '기틀' of a logical argument.

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At the C2 level, '기틀' is used with precision to describe the deep-seated structural and systemic underpinnings of complex phenomena. It is used in high-level political analysis, legal philosophy, and macro-economics. You should understand its nuances in collocations like '기틀을 일신하다' (to completely renew the framework) or '기틀을 공고히 하다' (to make the framework rock-solid). It functions as a sophisticated tool to discuss the ontological foundations of systems. In literature, it might describe the structural integrity of a narrative arc. At this level, you don't just know the word; you know the gravitas it lends to a sentence, signaling that the speaker is addressing the most fundamental, structural level of the topic at hand, often with an eye toward historical continuity or future scalability.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

기틀 em 30 segundos

기틀 refers to the essential framework or groundwork of a system, organization, or nation, focusing on its structural and organizational integrity rather than physical materials.
It is a formal word (CEFR B2) commonly used in business, politics, and history to describe the founding principles or the stabilizing structure of a project.
Common collocations include '기틀을 마련하다' (prepare groundwork), '기틀을 다지다' (firm up the foundation), and '기틀을 잡다' (establish the framework).
It differs from '기초' (basics) by being more advanced and systemic, and from '기반' (infrastructure) by focusing on the 'frame' or 'logic' of the entity.

The Korean noun 기틀 (Giteul) is a sophisticated term that translates most accurately to 'foundation,' 'framework,' or 'groundwork.' While English speakers might use 'foundation' for both a physical building and an abstract concept, Korean distinguishes these nuances. 기틀 is almost exclusively reserved for the abstract or structural beginnings of systems, organizations, nations, or significant projects. It represents the crucial starting point where the 'frame' (틀) of a grand design is established. When you use this word, you are speaking about the essential elements that allow something to stand firm and grow in the future. It is not just the dirt at the bottom; it is the skeletal structure that defines the shape of what is to come.

Structural Essence: The word combines the idea of a base with the idea of a frame. It is the architectural blueprint made manifest.

Growth Potential: Establishing a 기틀 implies that the entity is now ready to expand or operate successfully.

신생 기업이 시장에서 성공할 수 있는 기틀을 마련했다.

(The startup prepared the groundwork to succeed in the market.)

In professional and academic settings, 기틀 is a high-frequency word. You will hear it in corporate boardrooms when discussing a five-year plan, or in history books when describing how a king established the laws of a new dynasty. It carries a sense of gravity and permanence. Unlike '기초' (gicho), which can refer to basic knowledge like ABCs, 기틀 refers to the organizational or systemic integrity. If a project lacks 기틀, it is seen as disorganized, shaky, and destined for failure regardless of how much effort is put in later. It is the 'skeleton' upon which the 'flesh' of the business or project will eventually hang.

그는 한국 근대 문학의 기틀을 잡은 작가로 평가받는다.

(He is evaluated as the writer who set the foundation for modern Korean literature.)

Common Verbs: It is most commonly paired with '마련하다' (to prepare), '다지다' (to harden/firm up), and '잡다' (to catch/set).

Historically, this word was used to describe the institutionalization of government systems. In modern contexts, it has expanded to include technological frameworks and educational systems. When a scientist discovers a fundamental law, they are said to have laid the 기틀 for that field of study. It is a word of respect, acknowledging that without this initial structural work, later successes would have been impossible. It evokes a sense of visionary planning and solid execution at the earliest stages of a venture.

민주주의의 기틀이 흔들려서는 안 된다.

(The framework of democracy must not be shaken.)

To use 기틀 effectively, you must understand its synergy with specific verbs. Because it represents a structure, you don't just 'make' it; you 'harden' it, 'prepare' it, or 'stabilize' it. The most natural way to use it is in the context of long-term stability and systemic health. Whether you are talking about a nation's economy, a child's education, or a company's internal culture, 기틀 provides the vocabulary to describe the essential underpinnings.

이번 개혁은 국가 경제의 기틀을 바로잡기 위한 것입니다.

(This reform is intended to straighten out the framework of the national economy.)

With '다지다' (To Firm Up): This describes the process of making a foundation stronger. Just as you stamp down soil before building, you 'dajida' the foundation of a business by securing funding and talent.

In academic writing, 기틀 is often used to describe the theoretical basis of a study. If a researcher proposes a new methodology that others will follow, they have established a 기틀. In this sense, it is synonymous with 'paradigm-setting.' It is also frequently used in political discourse to describe the 'founding principles' of a party or a constitution. The word carries a nuance of 'rightness'—that the foundation is being set correctly and for the long haul.

어린 시절의 독서 습관은 평생 학습의 기틀이 된다.

(Reading habits in childhood become the foundation for lifelong learning.)

With '마련하다' (To Prepare): This is used when you are in the initial phase of creating the groundwork. It implies foresight and planning.

Consider the difference between '기초를 배우다' (learning the basics) and '기틀을 잡다' (establishing the framework). The former is passive—you are receiving information. The latter is active and constructive—you are building the system itself. This makes 기틀 a very powerful word for leaders and creators. It suggests that you aren't just doing work; you are doing work that matters for the future. It is a 'high-level' word that adds gravity to your speech.

정부는 중소기업 성장의 기틀을 마련하기 위해 새로운 정책을 발표했다.

(The government announced a new policy to prepare the groundwork for the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises.)

그의 연구는 현대 물리학의 새로운 기틀을 제시했다.

(His research presented a new framework for modern physics.)

With '흔들리다' (To Be Shaken): Used negatively, this describes a crisis where the very core or stability of an organization is at risk.

You will encounter 기틀 most frequently in formal contexts. It is a staple of the evening news, particularly when political or economic changes are being discussed. When a politician promises to 'rebuild the nation,' they will almost certainly use the phrase '국가의 기틀을 바로잡다.' This gives their speech a sense of historical importance and structural seriousness that more common words would lack.

뉴스 리포터: "이번 법안 통과로 복지 국가의 기틀이 완성되었습니다."

(News Reporter: "With the passing of this bill, the framework of the welfare state has been completed.")

Documentaries & History: In historical dramas (Sageuk), kings often talk about the '기틀' of the dynasty. It emphasizes the longevity and structural health of the kingdom.

In the business world, you’ll hear it during annual general meetings or in CEO messages. A CEO might say, "We have spent the last three years establishing the 기틀 for global expansion." Here, it refers to the logistical, financial, and cultural systems that will support international growth. It conveys that the company is no longer just experimenting but has a solid, scalable structure in place.

CEO 연설: "우리 회사는 이제 세계 시장으로 뻗어 나갈 기틀을 갖추었습니다."

(CEO Speech: "Our company is now equipped with the framework to reach out into the global market.")

In educational settings, teachers use 기틀 when talking about the importance of early education. They might tell parents that elementary school is the time to lay the 기틀 for a child's character and academic habits. It sounds more professional and serious than just saying 'basics.' It implies that what is built now will support everything the child does for the rest of their life.

선생님: "초등학교 시절은 인격 형성의 기틀을 다지는 중요한 시기입니다."

(Teacher: "Elementary school years are an important time to firm up the foundation of character formation.")

Legal & Academic Papers: You will see this word in the preambles of laws or in the introductory chapters of academic textbooks to establish the scope and foundation of the subject.

Finally, in sports, a commentator might say a team has established the 기틀 for a winning streak after a major strategic change. It suggests that the team's success isn't just luck, but the result of a solid new system or dynamic. In all these cases, 기틀 is the word for 'the deep, structural reason why something is working or will work.'

One of the most common mistakes learners make is using 기틀 for physical foundations. If you are talking about the concrete foundation of a house you are building, use '기초' (gicho) or '토대' (todae). 기틀 is almost always abstract. Calling the concrete under a building a '기틀' would sound very strange to a native speaker, as it lacks the metaphorical 'framework' or 'system' nuance.

Incorrect: 건물의 기틀을 콘크리트로 만들었다.
Correct: 건물의 기초를 콘크리트로 만들었다.

Confusion with '기초' (Gicho): While '기초' means 'basics' (like basic math), '기틀' means 'framework' (like the system of logic that makes math work). Don't use '기틀' when you just mean 'elementary level'.

Another mistake is using the wrong verbs. Learners often try to 'make' (만들다) a 기틀. While not strictly ungrammatical, it sounds much more natural to use '마련하다' (prepare), '다지다' (firm up), or '잡다' (establish/catch). '만들다' is too simple for such a heavy, structural word. Using the correct verb collocation is what separates intermediate learners from advanced ones.

Awkward: 성공의 기틀을 만들다.
Natural: 성공의 기틀을 다지다.

Finally, do not confuse 기틀 with '기틀을 잡다' as a fixed idiom for just 'getting organized.' While it means that, it specifically refers to the *initial* organization of a large entity. If you are just tidying your room, you aren't '기틀을 잡고 있는 것'—that would imply you are setting up a systemic way to manage your room's logistics for the next decade!

Register Misuse: Using '기틀' in a text message to a friend about a small project might come off as sarcastic or overly dramatic. It is best suited for essays, speeches, and formal discussions.

Korean has several words for 'foundation,' and choosing the right one depends on the context. Understanding the subtle differences between 기틀, 기반, 토대, and 기초 will greatly improve your fluency.

기틀 (Giteul) vs. 기반 (Giban): '기반' is the most general word for 'base' or 'infrastructure.' While '기틀' emphasizes the *frame and structure*, '기반' emphasizes the *support system*. You might have a 'technological 기반' (infrastructure), but the '기틀' of the company is its management system.
기틀 (Giteul) vs. 토대 (Todae): '토대' literally means the 'earth-base.' It can be physical (the ground under a building) or abstract. '기틀' is more about the *organization* and *order* of the foundation, whereas '토대' is the *solid ground* upon which things sit.
기틀 (Giteul) vs. 기초 (Gicho): '기초' is used for the most basic, elementary parts of something. '기초 수학' (basic math). '기틀' is much more advanced and structural. You learn '기초', but you establish a '기틀'.

그 회사는 탄탄한 기반 위에 새로운 사업의 기틀을 세웠다.

(The company built the framework for a new business on top of a solid infrastructure/base.)

Another word to consider is 근간 (Geungan), which means 'root and trunk' (backbone/mainstay). While 기틀 is about the *starting structure*, 근간 is about the *central, most important part* that keeps everything together. If the 기틀 is the skeleton, the 근간 is the spine.

민주주의의 기초는 투표이지만, 법치는 민주주의의 기틀이다.

(The basis of democracy is voting, but the rule of law is the framework of democracy.)

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

While many foundational words in Korean are pure Hanja (like 기초), '기틀' is a hybrid that feels more 'solid' and 'structural' to native speakers because of the word '틀'.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ɡi.tʰɯl/

US /ɡi.tʰɯl/

The stress is equal on both syllables, typical of Korean words.

Rima com

비틀 (biteul - twisting) 서틀 (seoteul - clumsy, though usually 서툴다) 버틀 (beoteul - bottle, loanword) 셔틀 (shyeoteul - shuttle) 커틀 (keoteul - cuttle) 히틀 (hiteul - heat) 리틀 (riteul - little) 니틀 (niteul - knit)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'gi' as 'ji'. It should be a hard 'g' sound.
Pronouncing 'teul' like 'tool'. The 'eu' sound is not 'oo'.
Ignoring the aspiration on the 't'. It should have a puff of air.
Pronouncing the final 'l' like an English 'l' at the start of a word. It's a light liquid sound.
Confusing the pitch with '깃틀' (feather frame), which is not a common word.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 4/5

Common in news and books, but requires understanding abstract concepts.

Escrita 5/5

Hard to use naturally without knowing specific verb collocations.

Expressão oral 4/5

Useful for formal presentations but rare in casual speech.

Audição 3/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to hear in formal audio.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

기초 틀 잡다 다지다 마련하다

Aprenda a seguir

확립하다 공고히 근간 토대

Avançado

사상누각 와해되다 일신하다

Gramática essencial

~의 기틀을 마련하다

정부는 복지 국가의 기틀을 마련했다.

~이/가 기틀이 되다

이 경험은 나중에 큰 기틀이 될 거야.

기틀을 ~하는 데 (사용되다/중요하다)

이 자금은 사업 기틀을 잡는 데 사용될 것이다.

기틀이 잡히지 않다 (Passive Negative)

아직 조직의 기틀이 잡히지 않아서 혼란스럽다.

기틀을 공고히 ~하다 (Adverbial)

기틀을 공고히 다지는 작업이 필요하다.

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Exemplos por nível

이 책은 공부의 기틀이 됩니다.

This book becomes the foundation for study.

'~이/가 되다' (to become) is used here to show the role of the book.

그는 나라의 기틀을 만들었습니다.

He made the foundation of the country.

'~을 만들다' is a simple way for A1 learners to use the word.

좋은 습관은 성공의 기틀입니다.

Good habits are the foundation of success.

Simple 'A는 B입니다' structure.

우리 팀의 기틀을 잡아요.

Let's set the foundation for our team.

'~을 잡다' here means to establish or set.

이것은 새로운 사업의 기틀입니다.

This is the groundwork for a new business.

'~의' is used for possession (foundation of business).

기틀이 아주 튼튼해요.

The foundation is very strong.

'튼튼하다' is an adjective meaning strong or sturdy.

학교에서 미래의 기틀을 배워요.

Learn the foundation of the future at school.

'~에서' indicates the location of the action.

기틀을 마련하는 것이 중요해요.

Preparing the groundwork is important.

'~하는 것' turns the verb phrase into a noun.

회사가 성장의 기틀을 마련했습니다.

The company prepared the groundwork for growth.

Past tense '마련했습니다' shows completed preparation.

우리는 대화의 기틀을 잡아야 합니다.

We need to establish the framework for conversation.

'~해야 합니다' expresses necessity.

그 법은 사회의 기틀을 다졌습니다.

That law firmed up the foundation of society.

'다지다' (to firm up) is a common collocation.

기틀이 없으면 무너지기 쉽습니다.

Without a framework, it is easy to collapse.

'~기 쉽다' means 'easy to [verb]'.

새로운 제도의 기틀을 세우고 있어요.

We are setting up the framework for a new system.

'~고 있다' indicates an ongoing action.

그의 노력은 연구의 기틀이 되었습니다.

His effort became the foundation of the research.

Focus on the result using '되었습니다'.

민주주의의 기틀을 지켜야 합니다.

We must protect the framework of democracy.

'지키다' means to protect or maintain.

이 계획은 프로젝트의 기틀을 잡는 것입니다.

This plan is about establishing the framework of the project.

Using '~는 것이다' to define the purpose.

이번 계약으로 해외 진출의 기틀을 마련하게 되었다.

With this contract, we have come to prepare the groundwork for overseas expansion.

'~게 되다' indicates a change in situation or result.

정부는 경제 회복의 기틀을 다지기 위해 노력하고 있다.

The government is working hard to firm up the foundation for economic recovery.

'~기 위해' expresses purpose (in order to).

어린 시절의 교육은 인격 형성의 기틀을 잡아준다.

Childhood education sets the framework for character formation.

'~어/아 주다' indicates the action is a benefit to someone.

그 사건은 새로운 문화의 기틀을 흔들어 놓았다.

That incident shook the foundation of the new culture.

'~어/아 놓다' implies the state resulting from an action.

탄탄한 기틀 위에 세워진 조직은 위기에 강하다.

An organization built on a solid foundation is strong in a crisis.

Passive form '세워진' (built/established).

우리는 먼저 운영의 기틀부터 바로잡아야 한다.

We must first straighten out the framework of operations.

'~부터' emphasizes starting with this specific item.

이론적 기틀이 부족하면 실험 결과가 부정확할 수 있다.

If the theoretical framework is lacking, experimental results can be inaccurate.

'~하면' (if) condition.

그는 한국 영화 산업의 기틀을 세운 인물이다.

He is the person who established the framework of the Korean film industry.

Relative clause '세운' modifying '인물'.

세종대왕은 조선의 국가 기틀을 확립하는 데 큰 공을 세웠다.

King Sejong made great contributions to establishing the national framework of Joseon.

'~하는 데' means 'in the process of' or 'for doing'.

혁신적인 기술력이 시장 선점의 기틀이 되었다.

Innovative technology became the groundwork for preoccupying the market.

Subject is '기술력' (technological power).

조직의 기틀을 일신하기 위해 대대적인 인사가 단행되었다.

A large-scale personnel reshuffle was carried out to renew the organization's framework.

'단행되다' (to be carried out decisively).

그 연구는 현대 언어학의 학문적 기틀을 제시했다는 평가를 받는다.

That research is evaluated as having presented the academic framework of modern linguistics.

'~했다는 평가를 받다' (is evaluated as having done...).

기틀이 잡히지 않은 상태에서 사업을 확장하는 것은 위험하다.

It is dangerous to expand a business when the framework has not been established.

Passive '잡히지 않은' (not established).

민주주의 기틀을 공고히 하기 위해서는 시민 의식이 필수적이다.

Civic consciousness is essential to solidify the framework of democracy.

'공고히 하다' (to make firm/solid).

그의 철학은 후대 사상가들에게 중요한 기틀을 제공했다.

His philosophy provided an important framework for later thinkers.

'제공하다' (to provide/offer).

새로운 법안은 공정 거래의 기틀을 마련할 것으로 기대된다.

The new bill is expected to prepare the groundwork for fair trade.

'~할 것으로 기대된다' (is expected to...).

국가 운영의 기틀을 바로잡는 일은 세대를 아우르는 과업이다.

Straightening out the framework of national governance is a task that spans generations.

'아우르다' (to encompass/span).

그 학설은 기존 물리학의 기틀을 완전히 뒤엎는 혁명적인 것이었다.

That theory was a revolutionary one that completely overturned the framework of existing physics.

'뒤엎다' (to overturn/upend).

기업의 윤리적 기틀이 무너지면 아무리 큰 수익도 사상누각에 불과하다.

If a company's ethical framework collapses, no matter how large the profit, it is nothing more than a house of cards (sand castle).

'사상누각' (house built on sand/unstable foundation).

그는 평생을 바쳐 이 분야의 학문적 기틀을 확고히 다져 놓았다.

He devoted his whole life to firmly solidifying the academic framework of this field.

'확고히' (firmly/resolutely).

정치적 기틀이 불안정한 국가에서는 경제 성장을 기대하기 어렵다.

It is difficult to expect economic growth in a country where the political framework is unstable.

'~기 어렵다' (hard to...).

헌법은 한 국가의 법적 기틀을 정의하는 최고 규범이다.

The constitution is the supreme norm that defines the legal framework of a nation.

'정의하다' (to define).

이 프로젝트는 향후 10년의 사업 기틀을 결정짓는 중차대한 사안이다.

This project is a critical matter that determines the business framework for the next 10 years.

'중차대하다' (extremely important/critical).

전통 문화의 기틀을 유지하면서도 현대적 감각을 수용하는 것이 과제다.

The challenge is to maintain the framework of traditional culture while embracing modern sensibilities.

'~하면서도' (while also...).

그의 통치 철학은 제국의 기틀을 일신하여 장기적 번영을 구가하게 했다.

His governing philosophy renewed the framework of the empire, allowing it to enjoy long-term prosperity.

'구가하다' (to enjoy/celebrate a state of affairs).

패러다임의 전환은 과학적 기틀의 근본적인 재구성을 요구한다.

A paradigm shift requires a fundamental restructuring of the scientific framework.

'재구성' (restructuring/reconstitution).

사회 계약론은 근대 국가 기틀의 철학적 정당성을 부여했다.

Social contract theory provided the philosophical legitimacy for the framework of the modern state.

'정당성을 부여하다' (to grant legitimacy).

기틀이 와해된 조직을 재건하는 데는 창립 때보다 더 큰 에너지가 소모된다.

Rebuilding an organization whose framework has disintegrated consumes more energy than its founding.

'와해되다' (to disintegrate/break up).

글로벌 공급망의 기틀이 변함에 따라 기업들은 새로운 전략을 모색하고 있다.

As the framework of the global supply chain changes, companies are seeking new strategies.

'~함에 따라' (as [something happens]).

그 작가는 서사 구조의 기틀을 비틀어 독자들에게 신선한 충격을 주었다.

The writer gave readers a fresh shock by twisting the framework of the narrative structure.

'비틀다' (to twist/distort).

법치주의의 기틀을 훼손하는 어떠한 시도도 용납되어서는 안 된다.

Any attempt to damage the framework of the rule of law must not be tolerated.

'용납되다' (to be tolerated/accepted).

신산업의 기틀을 선제적으로 구축하는 국가가 미래의 패권을 쥐게 될 것이다.

The nation that preemptively builds the framework for new industries will hold future hegemony.

'선제적으로' (preemptively/proactively).

Sinônimos

기반 기초 토대 근간 바탕

Antônimos

말단 표면

Colocações comuns

기틀을 마련하다

기틀을 다지다

기틀을 잡다

기틀이 잡히다

기틀을 확립하다

기틀이 흔들리다

기틀을 바로잡다

학문적 기틀

경제적 기틀

국가적 기틀

Frases Comuns

기틀을 공고히 하다

— To make the foundation or framework extremely firm and strong.

그는 왕위에 오른 뒤 국가의 기틀을 공고히 했다.

성공의 기틀

— The groundwork or foundation that leads to success.

철저한 준비가 성공의 기틀이 되었다.

발전의 기틀

— The framework or foundation for future development.

이번 투자는 지역 발전의 기틀이 될 것이다.

기틀을 일신하다

— To completely renew or refresh the existing framework.

회사는 위기를 극복하기 위해 경영 기틀을 일신했다.

이론적 기틀

— The theoretical framework or basis of a study.

이 책은 심리학의 이론적 기틀을 잘 설명하고 있다.

기틀을 세우다

— To build or establish a framework.

그는 가문의 기틀을 세우기 위해 노력했다.

기틀이 튼튼하다

— To have a strong and sturdy foundation.

기틀이 튼튼한 회사는 불황에도 잘 견딘다.

민주주의의 기틀

— The framework or institutional basis of democracy.

자유 투표는 민주주의의 기틀이다.

운영 기틀

— The operational framework or system.

효율적인 운영 기틀을 만드는 것이 시급하다.

기틀을 닦다

— To smooth or prepare the foundation (similar to 마련하다).

선배들의 노력이 오늘날 우리 학문의 기틀을 닦았다.

Frequentemente confundido com

기틀 vs 기초

Learners use '기틀' for basic school subjects, which is wrong. '기초' is for learning, '기틀' is for systems.

기틀 vs 기반

Learners use '기틀' for physical infrastructure (like internet cables), which should be '기반'.

기틀 vs 토대

Sometimes interchangeable, but '토대' is more about the 'base' and '기틀' is more about the 'frame'.

Expressões idiomáticas

"기틀을 잡다"

— To establish the initial order or structure of something.

신설 부서의 기틀을 잡는 데 세 달이 걸렸다.

Neutral

"기틀이 서다"

— For a foundation or order to be established firmly.

이제야 집안의 기틀이 좀 서는 것 같다.

Neutral/Formal

"기틀을 다지다"

— To strengthen a position or system so it doesn't change easily.

그는 선거 승리로 자신의 정치적 기틀을 다졌다.

Formal

"기틀을 놓다"

— To lay the first stone or the very first part of a foundation.

그는 한국 IT 산업의 기틀을 놓은 선구자다.

Formal

"기틀이 잡히다"

— To become organized or structured.

새로운 정책이 시행되면서 시장의 기틀이 잡혔다.

Neutral

"기틀을 흔들다"

— To threaten the core stability of a system.

부패는 국가의 기틀을 흔드는 중죄다.

Formal

"기틀을 바로잡다"

— To correct a distorted or failing system.

무너진 교육의 기틀을 바로잡아야 한다.

Formal

"기틀을 마련하다"

— To prepare the necessary conditions for something to start.

평화 통일의 기틀을 마련하기 위한 회담이 열렸다.

Formal

"기틀을 확립하다"

— To establish a framework with authority and permanence.

그 왕은 중앙 집권 제도의 기틀을 확립했다.

Academic/Historical

"기틀을 닦다"

— To work hard to prepare the foundation for others to follow.

그는 평생을 바쳐 이 연구의 기틀을 닦았다.

Respectful/Formal

Fácil de confundir

기틀 vs 기초 (Gicho)

Both mean 'foundation'.

Gicho is elementary/basic knowledge. Giteul is the structural framework of a system.

기초 수학 (O), 기틀 수학 (X)

기틀 vs 기반 (Giban)

Both mean 'foundation/base'.

Giban is infrastructure or support (like money/tech). Giteul is organizational/logical structure.

경제 기반 (O), 경제 기틀 (O - but means the system of the economy)

기틀 vs 토대 (Todae)

Both mean 'foundation'.

Todae is the literal or metaphorical 'ground'. Giteul is the 'skeleton' or 'frame'.

건물의 토대 (O), 건물의 기틀 (X - unless abstract)

기틀 vs 근간 (Geungan)

Both mean 'central part'.

Geungan is the 'backbone' or 'core'. Giteul is the 'starting framework'.

민주주의의 근간 (the core), 민주주의의 기틀 (the framework)

기틀 vs 틀 (Teul)

Giteul contains this word.

Teul is just 'frame' or 'mold'. Giteul is the 'foundational frame'.

안경 틀 (glass frame), 국가의 기틀 (national framework)

Padrões de frases

[N]의 기틀을 마련하다

새로운 제도의 기틀을 마련했다.

[N]의 기틀을 다지다

성공의 기틀을 다지는 것이 중요하다.

[N]의 기틀을 잡다

운영의 기틀을 잡는 데 시간이 걸린다.

[N]의 기틀이 잡히다

이제야 사업의 기틀이 잡혔다.

[N]의 기틀을 확립하다

국가 통치의 기틀을 확립하였다.

기틀을 바로잡다

무너진 도덕의 기틀을 바로잡아야 한다.

기틀을 공고히 하다

평화의 기틀을 공고히 하기 위해 노력하자.

기틀을 일신하다

조직의 기틀을 일신하는 개혁을 단행했다.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

기초 (foundation/basics)

틀 (frame/mold)

기반 (base/infrastructure)

Verbos

기틀을 잡다 (to establish a framework)

기틀을 다지다 (to firm up a foundation)

Relacionado

근간 (backbone)

토대 (groundwork)

바탕 (background/basis)

체계 (system)

질서 (order)

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Como usar

frequency

High in written/formal Korean, low in casual daily conversation.

Erros comuns

기틀을 배우다 (Learn the framework) → 기초를 배우다 (Learn the basics)
'기틀' is a structure you build or establish, not a set of facts you memorize.
건축물의 기틀 (The framework of a building) → 건축물의 골격/뼈대 (The skeleton/frame of a building)
While '틀' means frame, '기틀' is almost always abstract. For buildings, use '골격' or '뼈대'.
기틀을 만들다 (Make a framework) → 기틀을 마련하다/잡다 (Prepare/Establish a framework)
'만들다' is too simple. Formal words like '마련하다' or '잡다' are much more natural with '기틀'.
친구와 여행 기틀을 짰다 (Drafted the travel framework with a friend) → 친구와 여행 계획을 짰다 (Drafted the travel plan with a friend)
'기틀' is too heavy and formal for a casual trip. Use '계획' (plan).
기틀이 얇다 (The framework is thin) → 기틀이 약하다/부족하다 (The framework is weak/lacking)
Abstract foundations aren't described as 'thin' (얇다); they are 'weak' (약하다) or 'shaky' (불안정하다).

Dicas

Use with 마련하다

If you are starting a new project, say '기틀을 마련하다' to show you are thinking about the long-term structure.

Giteul vs. Gicho

Use 'Gicho' for the ABCs and 'Giteul' for the architectural structure of the entire curriculum.

Formal Contexts

Save '기틀' for essays, presentations, and formal emails. It's a high-value word for professional Korean.

Firming Up

Use '기틀을 다지다' when you want to say you are making an existing organization stronger and more stable.

The Skeleton Metaphor

Think of '기틀' as the skeleton. Without it, the body (the project) has no shape and cannot stand.

Nation Building

This is a key word for discussing history. Every great leader in history is said to have established the '기틀' of their era.

Noun Form

Remember that '기틀' is a noun. It needs a verb like '잡다' or '다지다' to function in a sentence about action.

News Keyword

When you hear '기틀' on the news, the reporter is talking about a major, structural change in society.

Essay Booster

Using '기틀' in a TOPIK II essay about social issues will significantly increase your vocabulary score.

No Physical Objects

Don't use it for small physical frames like a picture frame (액자 틀) or a window frame (창틀). Use '기틀' for systems.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'GI' (Giant) + 'TEUL' (Tool). You need a 'Giant Tool' to build the 'Framework' of a massive skyscraper.

Associação visual

Imagine the steel skeleton of a skyscraper before the glass and walls are added. That skeleton is the '기틀'.

Word Web

Structure Foundation Framework System Groundwork Organization Stability Beginning

Desafio

Try to use '기틀' in a sentence about your own career or studies. What is the '기틀' of your daily routine?

Origem da palavra

The word is a compound of the Hanja-derived '기' (基 - base/foundation) and the native Korean '틀' (frame/structure).

Significado original: The frame of a foundation; the structural beginning of a large task.

Koreanic with Sinitic influence.

Contexto cultural

It is a positive or neutral word. Using it incorrectly for a very small, trivial thing might sound mock-heroic or sarcastic.

Similar to how English speakers use 'founding fathers' or 'constitutional framework,' but '기틀' is a more versatile single noun.

King Sejong establishing the '기틀' of the Joseon Dynasty. The '기틀' of the Korean economic miracle (Han River Miracle). Modern tech companies establishing the '기틀' for AI ethics.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Business Strategy

사업의 기틀을 마련하다
운영 기틀을 다지다
글로벌 진출의 기틀
성장의 기틀

History & Politics

국가 기틀을 확립하다
통치 기틀을 바로잡다
민주주의의 기틀
헌법적 기틀

Education & Self-Improvement

학습의 기틀을 잡다
인격 형성의 기틀
기틀을 다지는 시기
성공의 기틀

Academic Research

이론적 기틀을 제시하다
학문적 기틀을 닦다
연구의 기틀
논리적 기틀

Crisis Management

기틀이 흔들리다
기틀을 다시 세우다
와해된 기틀
기틀을 공고히 하다

Iniciadores de conversa

"새로운 프로젝트의 기틀을 잡는 데 가장 중요한 게 뭐라고 생각하세요?"

"회사의 기틀을 다지기 위해 우리가 지금 해야 할 일은 무엇일까요?"

"어린 시절에 어떤 습관이 인생의 기틀이 된다고 보시나요?"

"우리 사회의 기틀을 흔드는 가장 큰 위협은 무엇일까요?"

"성공적인 사업 기틀을 마련하기 위한 팁이 있나요?"

Temas para diário

나의 인생에서 가장 중요한 '기틀'은 무엇인지 써보세요. (Write about what the most important 'framework' of your life is.)

새로운 취미나 공부를 시작할 때 어떻게 기틀을 잡는지 설명해 보세요.

우리나라의 국가적 기틀 중에서 가장 자랑스러운 점은 무엇인가요?

지난 한 해 동안 내가 다진 성장의 기틀은 무엇이었나요?

미래의 꿈을 위해 지금 마련하고 있는 기틀에 대해 적어보세요.

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Generally, no. For a physical house foundation, use '기초' or '토대'. '기틀' is used for abstract systems like a company or a government. If you use it for a house, it would sound like you are talking about the 'architectural concept' rather than the concrete.

Yes, much more formal. '기초' can be used for things as simple as 'the basics of cooking.' '기틀' is used for grander things like 'the framework of an industry.' Using '기틀' in a casual conversation might make you sound like a professor or a politician.

The most common are '마련하다' (to prepare), '다지다' (to firm up), and '잡다' (to establish). You will see these in almost every news article that uses the word '기틀'.

Usually, yes. It implies that something is being built properly for future success. However, it can be used negatively in phrases like '기틀이 흔들리다' (the framework is shaking), which describes a serious crisis.

The '기' (基) in '기틀' means 'base,' while the '기' (機) in '기계' means 'machine/opportunity.' They are different Chinese characters, so they are not directly related in meaning.

It sounds a bit awkward. It's better to say '기초를 배우다' (learn the basics) or '기틀을 잡는 법을 배우다' (learn how to establish a framework). '기틀' is something you establish, not something you just learn.

It refers to the fundamental systems of a nation, such as its constitution, laws, and administrative structure. Establishing '국가 기틀' is a major theme in Korean history books.

Not really in casual talk. You won't hear a friend say, 'I'm establishing the 기틀 for my lunch.' But you will hear it in work meetings when discussing long-term plans or in serious documentaries.

'기틀을 마련하다' is the most accurate translation for 'lay the groundwork' in a formal or professional context.

'체계' (system) focuses on the organized relationship between parts. '기틀' (framework) focuses on the foundational structure that allows the system to exist and function.

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