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A2 noun 7 min de leitura

выходной

day off, weekend

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'выходной' (vy-khod-noy) means 'day off' and 'выходные' (vy-khod-ny-ye) means 'weekend'. You should be able to say 'Сегодня мой выходной' (Today is my day off) or 'Я люблю выходные' (I love weekends). Focus on the fact that it's a day when you don't go to work or school. It's one of the first words you learn for talking about your schedule. Remember the stress is at the end. Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just use it as a simple label for your rest days.
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At A2, you start using 'выходной' with prepositions and simple past/future tenses. You should learn the phrase 'в выходные' (on the weekend) and 'в выходной' (on the day off). You can now describe what you did: 'В прошлые выходные я был в парке' (Last weekend I was in the park). You should also understand the difference between 'выходной' (one day) and 'выходные' (Saturday and Sunday). You might encounter it in shops on signs that say 'Без выходных' (Open 7 days a week).
At B1, you should be comfortable declining 'выходной' as an adjective. You'll use the genitive for negation: 'У меня нет выходных' (I have no days off). You'll use the dative for habits: 'По выходным я хожу в спортзал' (On weekends I go to the gym). You also start to learn related words like 'отгул' (a compensatory day off) and 'праздничный день' (a public holiday). You can discuss your work schedule in more detail, using phrases like 'работать в выходные' (to work on weekends) and the social etiquette of asking about someone's weekend.
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At B2, you understand the nuances of 'выходной' in professional and legal contexts. You know that 'выходное пособие' is 'severance pay' (literally: 'exit' or 'leaving' allowance, though related to a different sense of the root). You can discuss the 'long weekends' (длинные выходные) created by the government. You are familiar with the colloquial 'на выходных' vs. the standard 'в выходные'. You can use the word metaphorically or in more complex sentence structures, like 'Несмотря на отсутствие выходных, он продолжал работать' (Despite the lack of days off, he continued to work).
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At C1, you recognize 'выходной' in literature and high-level media. You understand its adjectival use in phrases like 'выходной костюм' (one's best suit/attire) or 'выходной день' in formal legislation. You can discuss the social implications of the 'выходной' culture in Russia compared to other countries. You are aware of idiomatic expressions and the subtle emotional weight the word carries in different registers. You can effortlessly switch between 'выходной', 'отгул', 'субботник', and 'досуг' depending on the exact context of rest or labor.
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At C2, you have a near-native grasp of the word's etymology and its place in the Russian psyche. You can analyze how the concept of 'выходной' has evolved from the Soviet era to modern capitalism. You understand the word's relationship with the root 'ход' (move/step) and how it branches into hundreds of other words. You can use the word in philosophical debates about the nature of time and labor, and you never make a mistake in its declension, even in the most complex poetic or legal constructions.
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Exemplos Notas e dicas

выходной em 30 segundos

  • Means 'day off' or 'weekend'.
  • Functions as a noun but declines like an adjective.
  • Plural 'выходные' is the standard word for 'weekend'.
  • Essential for schedules and social life.

The Russian word выходной is a fascinating example of a substantivized adjective—a word that looks like an adjective but functions primarily as a noun in everyday speech. At its core, it refers to a 'day off' or a day when one is not required to work or attend school. While it technically stems from the verb выходить (to go out), it specifically designates the time sanctioned for leaving the workplace and returning to personal life. In the plural form, выходные, it is the standard way to say 'the weekend' (Saturday and Sunday).

Grammatical Essence
Although it acts as a noun, it declines like a masculine adjective. This means its endings change based on the case system (e.g., в выходной, по выходным).
Singular vs. Plural
Use the singular выходной when referring to one specific day off (like a Monday or a Wednesday). Use the plural выходные when referring to the collective weekend period.
Work Context
In professional settings, it is used to discuss shift schedules. If you work 'два через два' (two days on, two days off), those non-working days are your выходные.

Завтра у меня долгожданный выходной, и я планирую выспаться.

Translation: Tomorrow I have a long-awaited day off, and I plan to sleep in.

Как ты провёл свои выходные?

Translation: How did you spend your weekend?

The word is ubiquitous in social planning. When meeting friends, the first question is usually about their availability during these periods. It carries a positive connotation of freedom, relaxation, and detachment from the 'byt' (daily grind) of labor. Whether you are a student, a CEO, or a freelancer, the concept of the выходной is the universal goal of the work week.

У врачей редко бывают выходные по субботам.

Translation: Doctors rarely have days off on Saturdays.

Understanding this word also involves understanding the Russian work ethic. While Russians work hard, the sanctity of the выходной is protected by law. Labor codes specify how many hours one must rest, and working on a выходной usually requires double pay or a compensatory day off later.

Using выходной correctly requires attention to the preposition 'в' and the specific case endings. Because it functions as an adjective, it changes its tail to match the gender (usually masculine) and number.

Accusative Case (Time When)
To say 'on my day off', use в выходной. For 'on the weekend', use в выходные. Note that the plural doesn't change from the nominative form in this context.
Dative Case (Regularity)
To say 'on weekends' (meaning every weekend), use по выходным. This is very common for describing habits or schedules.

В выходные мы обычно ездим на дачу.

Translation: On the weekend, we usually go to the dacha (summer house).

It is also frequently used with the verb брать/взять (to take). If you need an extra day off from work for personal reasons, you would say 'я возьму выходной'. This is the equivalent of 'taking a personal day'.

Мне нужно взять выходной в следующую пятницу.

Translation: I need to take a day off next Friday.

When describing the character of a day, it can also function as a standard adjective. For example, выходной костюм refers to a suit you wear 'out' (on special occasions or days off), though this usage is slightly more formal or dated.

Это мой лучший выходной за весь год!

Translation: This is my best day off in the whole year!

Finally, pay attention to the genitive case with negation. 'У меня нет выходных' (I have no days off) is a common complaint among workaholics or students during finals week.

You will encounter выходной in almost every layer of Russian life. From the casual chatter in a Moscow cafe to the formal announcements on a city bus, it is an essential piece of the linguistic landscape.

In the Office
Colleagues will often ask: 'Какие планы на выходные?' (What are your weekend plans?). It’s the standard small talk before the week ends.
Retail and Services
Storefronts often have signs saying 'Без выходных'. This means they are open seven days a week, including weekends and holidays.
Public Transportation
Bus and train schedules are often divided into 'Будни' (Weekdays) and 'Выходные' (Weekends). Announcements might state: 'По выходным дням транспорт ходит реже' (On weekends, transport runs less frequently).

Магазин работает с девяти до восьми без выходных.

Translation: The shop works from nine to eight without days off.

In Russian pop culture, especially in music and cinema, the 'weekend' is often romanticized. Songs about the 'last weekend' or 'waiting for the day off' are staples of the radio. It represents a break from the often harsh or monotonous reality of the work week.

Желаю всем отличных выходных!

Translation: I wish everyone a great weekend!

You will also hear it in news broadcasts when discussing government decrees. For example, 'Правительство объявило дополнительные выходные' (The government announced additional days off). This usually happens around major holidays like New Year's or May Day.

Even at the A2 and B1 levels, students often stumble when using выходной. Because it behaves like an adjective but means a noun, it creates a unique set of challenges for English speakers.

Mistake 1: Using the wrong preposition
English speakers often say 'на выходных' (on the weekends). While this is actually used in colloquial Russian, the more standard and grammatically precise version is 'в выходные'. Avoid using 'на' if you want to sound more educated, though you will hear 'на' in the streets.
Mistake 2: Confusing 'Выходной' with 'Отпуск'
A выходной is a single day off or a weekend. An отпуск is a vacation (usually a week or more). Don't say 'у меня выходной на две недели'—that makes no sense. Use 'отпуск' instead.
Mistake 3: Forgetting Adjectival Declension
Since it's an adjective, it must change endings. Students often say 'после выходной' (after the day off). The correct genitive form is 'после выходного'.

Я был в отпуске в этот выходной.

Я отдыхал в этот выходной.

Explanation: Don't use 'отпуск' for a single day. Use 'отдыхал' (rested) or simply state it was your day off.

Another common error is confusing выходной with праздник (holiday/celebration). A праздник is a special day like Christmas or Victory Day. While a праздник is often a выходной, a regular Sunday is just a выходной, not a праздник.

У меня нет выходных на этой неделе.

Translation: I have no days off this week. (Correct use of genitive plural).

To truly master Russian, you need to know the synonyms and related terms that surround the concept of rest. Выходной is the most common, but not the only word you'll need.

Отгул (Ot-gul)
This specifically refers to a compensatory day off. If you worked on a Saturday, you might get an 'отгул' on Tuesday. It's more technical and work-related than a general 'выходной'.
Уикенд (Weekend)
A direct loanword from English. It is used primarily by younger people in urban areas or in marketing (e.g., 'уикенд в Париже'). It feels more 'trendy' than the traditional 'выходные'.
Праздник (Prazdnik)
A festive day. While most 'праздники' are 'выходные', the focus here is on the celebration, not just the absence of work.

Я возьму отгул, чтобы сходить к врачу.

Translation: I will take a compensatory day off to go to the doctor.

Comparing выходной and свободное время: Свободное время means 'free time' in general (even just an hour after work). Выходной implies a full calendar day dedicated to rest.

В свой выходной я стараюсь не думать о делах.

Translation: On my day off, I try not to think about business.

Finally, there is the term субботник. Historically, this was a 'voluntary' working Saturday (usually for cleaning or community service). While it happens on a выходной, it is actually a day of work! Knowing this cultural nuance will help you understand why some Russians might groan when they hear about a 'Saturday event'.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

""

Neutro

""

Informal

""

Child friendly

""

Gíria

""

Curiosidade

The root '-ход-' is one of the most productive in the Russian language, appearing in words for walking, stairs, steamships, and even the way a person behaves.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /vɨxɐdˈnoj/
US /vɪxədˈnɔɪ/
The stress is on the last syllable: вы-ход-НОЙ. In the plural, it shifts slightly but stays on the ending: вы-ход-НЫ-е.
Rima com
родной (native) ночной (nightly) речной (river) стальной (steel) дурной (bad) больной (sick) лесной (forest) земной (earthly)
Erros comuns
  • Stressing the first syllable (VÝ-khod-noy) — incorrect.
  • Pronouncing 'kh' as a soft 'h' — it should be more raspy.
  • Pronouncing 'y' as a clear 'ee' — it must be the hard 'y' (ы).

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

Easy to recognize but can be confused with other '-ход-' words.

Escrita 3/5

Requires correct adjectival endings in different cases.

Expressão oral 2/5

Stress is important, but the word is very common.

Audição 2/5

Clearly pronounced in most contexts.

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Exemplos por nível

1

Сегодня мой выходной.

Today is my day off.

Nominative singular masculine.

2

Я люблю выходные.

I love weekends.

Accusative plural (looks like nominative).

3

Завтра выходной?

Is tomorrow a day off?

Simple question structure.

4

Это мой первый выходной.

This is my first day off.

Adjective 'первый' agrees with 'выходной'.

5

Где твой выходной?

Where is your day off? (When is it?)

Informal usage.

6

Выходные — это хорошо.

Weekends are good.

Plural subject.

7

Ура, выходной!

Hooray, a day off!

Exclamation.

8

Суббота — это выходной.

Saturday is a day off.

Definition sentence.

1

В выходные я иду в кино.

On the weekend I am going to the cinema.

Preposition 'в' + Accusative plural.

2

В этот выходной я дома.

This day off I am at home.

Preposition 'в' + Accusative singular.

3

У меня нет выходного в понедельник.

I don't have a day off on Monday.

Genitive singular after 'нет'.

4

Какие планы на выходные?

What are the plans for the weekend?

Preposition 'на' + Accusative plural.

5

Магазин работает без выходных.

The shop works without days off.

Preposition 'без' + Genitive plural.

6

Я жду выходных.

I am waiting for the weekend.

Genitive plural after 'ждать'.

7

В прошлые выходные было холодно.

Last weekend it was cold.

Past tense neuter 'было'.

8

Желаю хорошего выходного!

I wish you a good day off!

Genitive case for wishes.

1

По выходным я обычно сплю до полудня.

On weekends I usually sleep until noon.

Dative plural for habitual actions.

2

Я взял выходной, чтобы поехать к родителям.

I took a day off to go to my parents.

Verb 'взять' + Accusative.

3

Трудно работать без единого выходного.

It is hard to work without a single day off.

Genitive singular adjective 'единого'.

4

Мы встретимся после выходных.

We will meet after the weekend.

Preposition 'после' + Genitive plural.

5

Мой начальник не любит давать выходные.

My boss doesn't like giving days off.

Infinitive construction.

6

Перед выходными всегда много работы.

Before the weekend there is always a lot of work.

Preposition 'перед' + Instrumental plural.

7

Этот выходной день объявлен праздничным.

This day off is declared a holiday.

Passive construction.

8

Я проведу выходные с пользой.

I will spend the weekend usefully.

Future tense + Instrumental.

1

Нам перенесли выходной с субботы на понедельник.

They moved our day off from Saturday to Monday.

Impersonal 'they' construction.

2

В связи с праздниками у нас будут длинные выходные.

Due to the holidays, we will have a long weekend.

Formal 'в связи с' construction.

3

Работа в выходной день оплачивается в двойном размере.

Work on a day off is paid at double rate.

Legal/Formal register.

4

Он посвятил все свои выходные ремонту квартиры.

He devoted all his weekends to renovating the flat.

Dative plural after 'посвятить'.

5

Не забудь надеть свой выходной костюм.

Don't forget to put on your best suit.

Adjective use meaning 'dressy'.

6

У неё скопилось несколько отгулов и выходных.

She has accumulated several compensatory days and days off.

Genitive plural after 'несколько'.

7

Выходные пролетели совершенно незаметно.

The weekend flew by completely unnoticed.

Metaphorical verb 'пролететь'.

8

В выходные дни парк переполнен людьми.

On weekend days, the park is overcrowded with people.

Short participle 'переполнен'.

1

Право на выходной закреплено в трудовом кодексе.

The right to a day off is enshrined in the labor code.

Abstract noun phrase.

2

Его жизнь превратилась в бесконечную череду выходных.

His life turned into an endless succession of days off.

Genitive plural after 'череду'.

3

Не стоит беспокоить коллег по выходным без крайней нужды.

One shouldn't bother colleagues on weekends without extreme need.

Impersonal modal 'не стоит'.

4

Даже в выходной он не мог отделаться от мыслей о проекте.

Even on a day off, he couldn't get rid of thoughts about the project.

Concessive 'даже в'.

5

Выходные — это время для саморазвития и рефлексии.

Weekends are a time for self-development and reflection.

Philosophical definition.

6

График работы предусматривает плавающие выходные.

The work schedule provides for floating days off.

Professional terminology 'плавающие'.

7

Он выглядел так, будто у него не было выходных лет десять.

He looked as if he hadn't had a day off for about ten years.

Subjunctive 'будто'.

8

Радость от наступающих выходных была омрачена плохой погодой.

The joy of the upcoming weekend was overshadowed by bad weather.

Participle 'наступающих'.

1

Концепция выходного дня претерпела значительные изменения с индустриализацией.

The concept of the day off has undergone significant changes since industrialization.

High-level academic style.

2

В этот выходной город словно вымер, погрузившись в тишину.

On this day off, the city seemed to have died out, plunging into silence.

Literary metaphor.

3

Сакральный смысл выходного заключается в восстановлении душевных сил.

The sacred meaning of the day off lies in the restoration of mental strength.

Abstract philosophical usage.

4

Он жертвовал своими выходными ради призрачной цели.

He sacrificed his weekends for a ghostly (elusive) goal.

Instrumental plural after 'жертвовать'.

5

На стыке будней и выходных рождается особое чувство тревоги.

At the junction of weekdays and weekends, a special feeling of anxiety is born.

Poetic construction.

6

Идеология потребления превратила выходные в марафон по магазинам.

The ideology of consumption has turned weekends into a shopping marathon.

Sociological critique.

7

Никакие выходные не заменят истинного призвания.

No amount of days off will replace a true calling.

Negative 'никакие' construction.

8

Размытие границ между рабочим временем и выходными — бич современности.

The blurring of boundaries between work time and weekends is the bane of modern times.

Complex nominalization.

Colocações comuns

взять выходной
длинные выходные
без выходных
очередной выходной
заслуженный выходной
плавающий выходной
дополнительный выходной
провести выходные
первый выходной
редкий выходной

Frases Comuns

Хороших выходных!

Какие планы на выходные?

У меня сегодня выходной.

Работать без выходных.

Встретимся в выходные.

Выходной день.

На выходных.

Сделать выходной.

Желаю отличного выходного!

Конец выходных.

Expressões idiomáticas

"Выходной костюм"

One's best clothes, saved for special occasions.

Он надел свой выходной костюм на свадьбу.

Neutral

"Проходной двор"

Not directly related, but uses the same root. Means a place where anyone can enter/exit freely.

Это не офис, а какой-то проходной двор!

Informal

"Выход в свет"

Going out into society or appearing in public.

Это был её первый выход в свет после болезни.

Formal

"Найти выход"

To find a way out/solution. Uses the root 'exit'.

Мы обязательно найдём выход из этой ситуации.

Neutral

"Выходные данные"

Publication details of a book (imprint).

Проверьте выходные данные книги.

Academic

"Дать выход чувствам"

To give vent to one's feelings.

Она наконец дала выход своим чувствам и заплакала.

Literary

"Вход — рубль, выход — два"

Easy to get into, hard/expensive to get out of.

С этой сектой так: вход — рубль, выход — два.

Informal

"Выходной день — для души"

A saying implying that days off are for spiritual/personal growth.

Помни, что выходной день — для души, а не для уборки.

Folk

"Запасный выход"

Emergency exit. Found in every building.

Где здесь запасный выход?

Neutral

"Выход на пенсию"

Retirement (literally: 'exit to pension').

После выхода на пенсию он стал путешествовать.

Neutral

Família de palavras

Substantivos

Verbos

Adjetivos

Relacionado

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Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of it as the 'Exit' (выход) day. You are 'exiting' your work life to enter your personal life.

Associação visual

Imagine a large green 'EXIT' sign over your office door, and as you walk through it, the calendar turns to Saturday.

Word Web

rest Saturday Sunday no work sleep hobbies friends family

Desafio

Try to use 'выходной' in three different cases today: 'У меня выходной', 'В выходной я...', and 'Я жду выходного'.

Origem da palavra

Derived from the verb 'выходить' (to go out). Historically, it referred to the day when workers were allowed to 'go out' of the factory or estate grounds after their weekly labor.

Significado original: A day for exiting or going out.

Slavic (Indo-European).

Contexto cultural

Be aware that for some people in service industries, 'выходной' might not be on the weekend, so asking 'What did you do on the weekend?' might be less relevant than 'When is your next day off?'

Unlike the US where 'personal days' are common, in Russia, 'выходной' is the standard term for any non-working day, whether scheduled or taken as an 'отгул'.

The song 'Выходной' by various Russian pop artists. Soviet films depicting the 'Saturday subbotnik' vs. the 'Sunday rest'. Classic literature where characters discuss their 'выход в свет'.
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