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A1 verb 8 min de leitura

بند کرنا

To close or shut

At the A1 level, 'بند کرنا' (band karna) is taught as a simple action verb. Students learn it in the context of the classroom and home. The focus is on the imperative form ('Darwaza band karo') and basic present tense. Learners at this stage should be able to identify the word in simple commands and use it to describe closing physical objects like books, doors, and windows. The concept of 'band karna' for electrical appliances (lights/fans) is also introduced here as it is essential for daily life. The primary goal is to associate the sound 'band' with the action of closing.
At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'بند کرنا' to include the past and future tenses. They begin to encounter the 'ne' particle in sentences like 'Main ne khirki band ki'. A2 students also learn to use the verb in a wider variety of settings, such as shopping (shops closing) or basic technology (closing a phone or app). They start to distinguish between 'band karna' (active) and 'band hona' (passive/intransitive), which is a crucial step in understanding Urdu verb logic. They can now provide reasons for closing something, such as 'It's cold, so I closed the window.'
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At the B1 level, the usage of 'بند کرنا' becomes more idiomatic and abstract. Learners use it to describe stopping habits or activities, such as 'Smoking band karna' (to stop smoking) or 'Baat band karna' (to stop talking to someone). They are expected to handle more complex sentence structures, including modal verbs like 'Sakta' (can) or 'Chahye' (should). For example, 'Humein bijli bachane ke liye light band karni chahye' (We should turn off the light to save electricity). They also start to recognize the word in news contexts, such as a city-wide strike (bandh).
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At the B2 level, speakers use 'بند کرنا' in professional and administrative contexts. They can discuss 'closing a business deal', 'shutting down a factory', or 'closing a bank account' with the correct nuances. They are comfortable with the ergative 'ne' construction in all its complexities, including gender and number agreement with the object. They also begin to use the verb in more sophisticated compound forms, such as 'band kar dena' (to close completely/definitively), which adds a layer of completion or 'perfection' to the action.
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At the C1 level, 'بند کرنا' is used in nuanced, metaphorical, and literary ways. A speaker might use it to describe 'shutting someone out of a conversation' or 'closing one's mind to new ideas'. They understand the subtle differences between 'band karna' and its more formal synonyms like 'masdood karna' (to block/obstruct) or 'manda' in classical poetry. They can follow complex legal or political discussions where 'band karna' might refer to the cessation of diplomatic ties or the closing of a legal loophole. Their usage is fluid and contextually perfect.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of 'بند کرنا' is absolute. The speaker can appreciate and use the word in high-level literature, academic writing, and formal oratory. They can analyze the etymological roots and the historical shift of the word from Persian into Urdu. They can use the verb in wordplay, puns, or complex rhetorical devices. At this level, the distinction between 'band karna' and its myriad synonyms is not just about meaning, but about tone, register, and the specific 'flavor' of the Urdu language they wish to evoke.
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Exemplos Notas e dicas

بند کرنا em 30 segundos

  • Used for closing doors, windows, and books.
  • Used for turning off lights, fans, and electronics.
  • Used for stopping activities or closing businesses.
  • Requires 'ne' particle in the past tense.

The Urdu verb بند کرنا (Band Karna) is a foundational compound verb that every learner must master early in their journey. At its most basic level, it translates to 'to close' or 'to shut' in English. However, the linguistic utility of this phrase extends far beyond merely moving a door or a window. In the Urdu-speaking world, this verb is the universal key to stopping, terminating, or deactivating almost anything that was previously active or open. Whether you are asking a child to shut their book, a shopkeeper to close their store for the day, or a colleague to turn off a flickering light, 'band karna' is the phrase you will reach for. It is composed of two parts: 'band' (an adjective meaning closed or shut) and 'karna' (the auxiliary verb 'to do'). Together, they form a 'kar' compound verb, which is a hallmark of Urdu grammar.

Physical Closure
This is the primary usage. It refers to the physical act of closing objects like doors (darwaza), windows (khirki), boxes (dabba), or even your eyes (aankhen). For example, 'Darwaza band karo' (Close the door) is one of the most common imperative sentences you will hear in a household.

مہربانی کر کے کھڑکی بند کر دیں کیونکہ باہر سردی ہے۔ (Meherbani kar ke khirki band kar dein kyunke bahar sardi hai.) - Please close the window because it is cold outside.

Electrical and Mechanical Deactivation
Unlike English, which often uses 'turn off' for electronics, Urdu frequently uses 'band karna' for lights, fans, computers, and engines. Saying 'Pankha band karo' literally means 'make the fan closed,' but it translates to 'Turn off the fan.'

Beyond the physical and electrical, 'band karna' is used metaphorically and administratively. If a business ceases operations, people say 'Dukan band ho gayi' (The shop has closed). If a bank account is terminated, it is 'Account band karna'. Even in social contexts, if someone is talking too much and you want them to stop, a somewhat blunt way to say it is 'Apna munh band rakho' (Keep your mouth shut), though this is considered rude. The versatility of this verb makes it an essential building block for A1 learners, providing a wide range of expression with a single, simple grammatical structure.

Using 'بند کرنا' (band karna) correctly requires understanding how to conjugate the auxiliary verb 'karna' while keeping 'band' static. Since it is a transitive verb (taking an object), the grammar changes slightly depending on the tense. In the present tense, you might say 'Main darwaza band karta hoon' (I close the door). In the past tense, because 'karna' is transitive, you must use the 'ne' construction: 'Us ne darwaza band kiya' (He/She closed the door). This is a critical hurdle for English speakers who are not used to ergative-absolutive alignment where the subject is marked when the verb is transitive and in the past tense.

کیا آپ نے رات کو لائٹ بند کی تھی؟ (Kya aap ne raat ko light band ki thi?) - Did you turn off the light at night?

The Imperative Form
For commands, you use 'band karo' (informal/neutral) or 'band kijiye' (formal). For example, 'Kitab band karo' (Close the book). If you are speaking to an elder or in a professional setting, 'Band kar dein' is a polite way to suggest an action be completed.

Another important aspect is the 'band hona' vs 'band karna' distinction. 'Band karna' is active (someone closes something), whereas 'band hona' is passive or intransitive (something closes/is closed). If the wind blows a door shut, you would say 'Darwaza band ho gaya' (The door closed). If you physically walked over and shut it, you would say 'Main ne darwaza band kiya'. Understanding this 'karna' (to do) vs 'hona' (to be/happen) pair is vital for fluency in Urdu as it applies to hundreds of other verbs.

In everyday life in Pakistan or North India, 'band karna' is ubiquitous. You will hear it at home when parents tell children to turn off the TV ('TV band karo!'). You will hear it in the bazaar when a shopkeeper announces he is closing for the afternoon prayer ('Dukan band kar raha hoon'). You will also hear it in the context of 'Hartal' or 'Bandh' (strikes), where entire cities might be 'band' (closed) as a form of protest. In such cases, the news might report 'Shehar band karne ka elaan' (Announcement to close the city).

شور بہت زیادہ ہے، براہ کرم ریڈیو بند کر دیں۔ (Shor bohat zyada hai, baraye meherbani radio band kar dein.) - The noise is too much, please turn off the radio.

Technology and Media
In the digital age, 'band karna' is used for closing apps on a phone or shutting down a laptop. 'Computer band kar do' is the standard way to say 'Shut down the computer'. Even on social media, 'comments band karna' means to disable comments on a post.

In transportation, you will hear it when a bus driver or conductor tells passengers to move so they can close the door: 'Darwaza band karne do' (Let me close the door). In more formal settings, like a court or a meeting, 'karwai band karna' means to adjourn or close the proceedings. The word 'band' itself has a sense of finality and boundary, which is why it is used so frequently in administrative and legal contexts to signify the end of a session or the termination of a service.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is using 'band karna' for things that should use 'khatam karna' (to finish) or 'bujhana' (to extinguish). For example, if you want to say 'I finished my work,' you should not say 'Main ne kaam band kiya' (which sounds like you just stopped doing it, perhaps prematurely); instead, use 'Main ne kaam khatam kiya'. 'Band karna' implies a physical or functional closure, not necessarily the completion of a task.

غلط: میں نے اپنا کھانا بند کر دیا۔ (Wrong: I closed my food.)
درست: میں نے اپنا کھانا ختم کر دیا۔ (Correct: I finished my food.)

The 'Ne' Particle Confusion
As mentioned before, forgetting the 'ne' in the past tense is a major error. Saying 'Main darwaza band kiya' is grammatically incorrect. It must be 'Main ne darwaza band kiya'. This is because 'band karna' is a transitive verb, and Urdu requires the ergative case for subjects of transitive verbs in perfective tenses.

Another nuance is the use of 'band karna' with people. To say 'He closed the person' makes no sense. However, 'Usne rasta band kiya' (He blocked the path) is perfectly valid. Learners often struggle with the distinction between 'shutting' and 'blocking'. If you block someone's way, you are 'rasta band' doing, which effectively uses the same verb but in a spatial context.

While 'band karna' is the most common way to say 'to close,' Urdu offers several synonyms and related terms that provide more specific meanings. Understanding these can help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a textbook. For instance, 'munda' (to close/shut) is often used specifically for eyes or sometimes for closing a lid, though it is less common in modern urban dialects than 'band karna'.

Comparison: Band Karna vs. Khatam Karna
'Band karna' means to shut or stop an ongoing process (like a machine). 'Khatam karna' means to finish or bring something to its logical conclusion (like a book or a meal). You 'band' a laptop, but you 'khatam' a project.
Comparison: Band Karna vs. Rokna
'Rokna' means 'to stop' or 'to prevent'. If you want someone to stop their car, you say 'Gaari roko'. If you want them to turn off the engine, you say 'Engine band karo'. 'Rokna' is about motion, while 'band karna' is about state or operation.

اس نے اپنی آنکھیں موند لیں۔ (Us ne apni aankhen moond lein.) - He closed his eyes. (A more poetic/specific alternative to 'band kar lein').

In formal or poetic Urdu, you might encounter 'wa' (open) and 'dar-basta' (closed doors), but these are rare in daily conversation. For 'locking', always prefer 'tala lagana'. For 'extinguishing' a fire or light, 'bujhana' is the more precise term, though 'band karna' is increasingly used for electric lights due to the influence of English 'turn off'. By learning these distinctions, you can navigate Urdu conversations with much greater precision.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

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Neutro

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Informal

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Child friendly

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Gíria

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Curiosidade

The word 'band' is used in many Indian and Pakistani English dialects to mean a strike or a complete shutdown of a city (a 'Bandh').

Guia de pronúncia

UK /bənd kərnɑː/
US /bʌnd kərnɑ/
The primary stress is on the first syllable of the second word: 'kar-'. The word 'band' is also stressed as it is the semantic core.
Rima com
Mand (Slow) Chand (A few) Kand (Shoulder - rare) Pand (Advice - archaic) Bharna (To fill) Darna (To fear) Marna (To die/hit) Tarna (To swim/cross)
Erros comuns
  • Pronouncing 'band' like the English word for a music group (with a wide 'a' as in 'cat').
  • Over-emphasizing the 'r' in 'karna'. It should be a light flap.
  • Making the final 'a' in 'karna' too short.
  • Mixing up 'band' with 'bund' (which means a dam or embankment, though spelled similarly in some transliterations).
  • Forgetting the gap between the two words.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 1/5

Very easy to read as it uses common letters.

Escrita 2/5

Requires learning the 'dal' and 'noon' connection in 'band'.

Expressão oral 1/5

Simple pronunciation for English speakers.

Audição 1/5

Distinctive sound, easy to pick out in conversation.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

Karna (To do) Darwaza (Door) Light Main (I) Aap (You)

Aprenda a seguir

Kholna (To open) Tala lagana (To lock) Bujhana (To extinguish) Rokna (To stop) Khatam karna (To finish)

Avançado

Masdood (Obstructed) Munda (Closed - poetic) Ikhtitaam (Conclusion) Tauttul (Suspension/Shutdown)

Gramática essencial

Compound Verbs

Adding 'dena' (band kar dena) emphasizes the completion of the act.

Ergative Case (Ne)

In past tense: 'Ali ne khirki band ki'.

Object Agreement

The verb ending changes for masculine (kiya) vs feminine (ki) objects.

Imperative Mood

Use 'karo' for peers and 'kijiye' for elders.

Transitive vs Intransitive

'Band karna' (to close) vs 'Band hona' (to be closed).

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Exemplos por nível

1

دروازہ بند کرو۔

Close the door.

Imperative form (command).

2

کتاب بند کریں۔

Close the book.

Formal imperative form.

3

لائٹ بند کر دو۔

Turn off the light.

Compound imperative with 'do'.

4

آنکھیں بند کرو۔

Close your eyes.

Plural object 'aankhen'.

5

کھڑکی بند ہے۔

The window is closed.

State of being (adjective usage).

6

باکس بند کرو۔

Close the box.

Simple transitive action.

7

منہ بند رکھو۔

Keep your mouth shut.

Imperative for state maintenance.

8

پنکھا بند کرو۔

Turn off the fan.

Electronic device usage.

1

میں نے دروازہ بند کیا۔

I closed the door.

Past tense with 'ne' particle.

2

وہ دکان بند کر رہا ہے۔

He is closing the shop.

Present continuous tense.

3

کیا آپ کھڑکی بند کریں گے؟

Will you close the window?

Future tense interrogative.

4

ہم نے ریڈیو بند کر دیا۔

We turned off the radio.

Past tense with completion marker 'diya'.

5

تم کمپیوٹر کیوں بند کر رہے ہو؟

Why are you shutting down the computer?

Interrogative present continuous.

6

بچے نے اپنی آنکھیں بند کیں۔

The child closed his eyes.

Feminine plural agreement (aankhen).

7

گاڑی کا انجن بند کرو۔

Turn off the car engine.

Genitive construction 'gaari ka'.

8

اس نے بیگ بند نہیں کیا۔

He did not close the bag.

Negative past tense.

1

آپ کو اپنا اکاؤنٹ بند کرنا پڑے گا۔

You will have to close your account.

Compulsion in future tense.

2

شور کی وجہ سے اس نے کان بند کر لیے۔

He closed his ears because of the noise.

Reflexive compound verb 'kar liye'.

3

حکومت نے سکول بند کرنے کا فیصلہ کیا ہے۔

The government has decided to close the schools.

Infinitive as a noun 'karne ka'.

4

میں نے سگریٹ نوشی بند کر دی ہے۔

I have stopped smoking.

Abstract usage for stopping a habit.

5

کیا ہم یہ بحث بند کر سکتے ہیں؟

Can we stop this argument?

Modal verb 'sakte' for possibility.

6

اس نے فون بند کر دیا جب میں بول رہا تھا۔

He hung up the phone while I was speaking.

Usage for ending a call.

7

بارش کی وجہ سے رستہ بند کر دیا گیا ہے۔

The road has been closed due to rain.

Passive voice construction.

8

آپ کو اپنی دکان وقت پر بند کرنی چاہیے۔

You should close your shop on time.

Advice using 'chahye'.

1

کمپنی نے اپنا خسارہ کم کرنے کے لیے فیکٹری بند کر دی۔

The company closed the factory to reduce its losses.

Complex purpose clause.

2

پولیس نے احتجاج کی وجہ سے سڑکیں بند کر رکھی ہیں۔

The police have kept the roads closed due to the protest.

Perfective state 'kar rakhi hain'.

3

اس نے اپنی تمام سماجی سرگرمیاں بند کر دیں تاکہ پڑھائی پر توجہ دے سکے۔

He stopped all his social activities so he could focus on studies.

Subjunctive purpose clause.

4

بینک نے مشکوک لین دین کی وجہ سے کارڈ بند کر دیا۔

The bank blocked the card due to suspicious transactions.

Administrative 'close/block' usage.

5

کیا آپ نے گیس کا چولہا بند کرنا یاد رکھا؟

Did you remember to turn off the gas stove?

Infinitive object of 'yaad rakhna'.

6

اس نے اپنی زندگی کا یہ باب ہمیشہ کے لیے بند کر دیا۔

He closed this chapter of his life forever.

Metaphorical usage.

7

عدالت نے کیس کی کارروائی بند کرنے کا حکم دیا۔

The court ordered the closure of the case proceedings.

Formal legal context.

8

وہ اپنی پرانی عادتیں بند کرنے کی کوشش کر رہا ہے۔

He is trying to stop his old habits.

Continuous attempt.

1

ریاست نے باغی گروہوں کے تمام مالیاتی ذرائع بند کر دیے۔

The state cut off all financial resources of the rebel groups.

Strategic/Political context.

2

اس نے اپنے دل کے دروازے دوسروں کے لیے بند کر لیے ہیں۔

He has closed the doors of his heart to others.

Poetic/Emotional metaphor.

3

تحقیق کے بعد اس نظریے پر بحث ہمیشہ کے لیے بند کر دی گئی۔

After the research, the debate on this theory was closed forever.

Academic closure.

4

انتظامیہ نے ہسپتال کے اس وارڈ کو عارضی طور پر بند کرنے کا فیصلہ کیا ہے۔

The administration has decided to temporarily close this ward of the hospital.

Administrative formal Urdu.

5

اس نے اپنی تنقیدی آواز کو بند کرنے کے لیے دباؤ ڈالا۔

He exerted pressure to silence his critical voice.

Abstract 'silencing'.

6

معاہدے کی خلاف ورزی پر سپلائی بند کر دی جائے گی۔

The supply will be shut off upon violation of the agreement.

Conditional future passive.

7

اس نے اپنے خیالات کو قلمبند کر کے اس موضوع کو بند کر دیا۔

He finalized the topic by recording his thoughts.

Completion of intellectual work.

8

شہر کے داخلی راستے سیکیورٹی وجوہات کی بنا پر بند کر دیے گئے ہیں۔

The entrance points of the city have been closed for security reasons.

Official security terminology.

1

فلسفی نے انسانی شعور کے اس دریچے کو بند کرنے سے انکار کر دیا۔

The philosopher refused to close this window of human consciousness.

High-level philosophical discourse.

2

تاریخ کے اس تاریک باب کو بند کرنا ہی قوم کے مفاد میں ہے۔

It is in the nation's interest to close this dark chapter of history.

Political rhetoric.

3

اس نے اپنی انا کی خاطر مفاہمت کے تمام راستے بند کر دیے۔

For the sake of his ego, he closed all paths of reconciliation.

Psychological/Literary depth.

4

قانون ساز اسمبلی نے اس بحث کو غیر معینہ مدت کے لیے بند کر دیا۔

The legislative assembly closed this debate indefinitely.

Formal parliamentary language.

5

اس کی خاموشی نے مکالمے کے امکانات کو کلی طور پر بند کر دیا۔

His silence completely closed off the possibilities of dialogue.

Adverbial intensity 'kulli taur par'.

6

ماحولیاتی تبدیلیوں نے کئی انواع کے بقا کے راستے بند کر دیے ہیں۔

Climate change has closed the paths of survival for many species.

Scientific/Global issue context.

7

اس نے اپنی وصیت میں جائیداد کے تمام تنازعات کو بند کرنے کی کوشش کی۔

In his will, he attempted to close all property disputes.

Legal/Inheritance context.

8

ادب کے اس دبستان کو بند کرنا اردو کی علمی تاریخ کا بڑا نقصان ہوگا۔

Closing this school of literature would be a great loss to Urdu's intellectual history.

Cultural/Academic critique.

Colocações comuns

دروازہ بند کرنا
لائٹ بند کرنا
دکان بند کرنا
آنکھیں بند کرنا
منہ بند کرنا
اکاؤنٹ بند کرنا
رستہ بند کرنا
بات بند کرنا
کمپیوٹر بند کرنا
کیس بند کرنا

Frases Comuns

دروازہ بند کر دیں

لائٹ بند کرو

دکان بند ہے

منہ بند رکھو

فون بند کر دو

رستہ بند ہے

آنکھیں بند کر کے

کاروبار بند کرنا

نلکا بند کرو

سکول بند ہیں

Expressões idiomáticas

"قسمت کے دروازے بند ہونا"

To have one's luck run out or opportunities cease.

Naukri janay ke baad us par qismat ke darwaze band ho gaye.

Literary

"منہ بند کرنا"

To silence someone, often by giving a strong argument or a bribe.

Sach bol kar usne sab ka munh band kar diya.

Colloquial

"رستہ بند کرنا"

To block someone's progress or options.

Usne meri taraqqi ka rasta band kar diya.

Metaphorical

"آنکھیں بند کر لینا"

To ignore something or turn a blind eye.

Hukumat ne is maslay par aankhen band kar li hain.

Political/Social

"کان بند کر لینا"

To refuse to listen to advice or truth.

Tumne meri baat se apne kaan band kar liye hain.

Personal

"دکان بڑھانا"

An idiomatic way to say closing a shop for the day (euphemism).

Raat ho gayi hai, ab dukan barhao.

Bazaar Slang

"بند گلی میں ہونا"

To be in a dead end or a situation with no way out.

Hamari guftagu ek band gali mein pahunch gayi hai.

Intellectual

"ہاتھ بند ہونا"

To be short of money or financially constrained.

Aaj kal mera hath zara band hai.

Colloquial

"زبان بند کرنا"

To stop someone from speaking or revealing secrets.

Dhamki de kar uski zaban band kar di gayi.

Serious

"دروازے بند کر دینا"

To eliminate any possibility of return or reconciliation.

Usne wapsi کے تمام darwaze band kar diye.

Dramatic

Família de palavras

Substantivos

Verbos

Adjetivos

Relacionado

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Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of a 'Band' of soldiers 'closing' a road. Or imagine putting a rubber 'band' around a box to keep it 'closed'.

Associação visual

Imagine a heavy iron shutter being pulled down over a shop with a loud 'CLANG'. That is 'band karna'.

Word Web

Door (Darwaza) Light Shop (Dukan) Eyes (Aankhen) Account Mouth (Munh) Fan (Pankha) Road (Rasta)

Desafio

Try to identify five things in your room right now that you can 'band karna' and say the sentence out loud for each.

Origem da palavra

The word 'band' comes from the Persian 'band' (بند), meaning a tie, bond, or fastening. It shares roots with the English word 'bind' and 'band'. The second part 'karna' is a pure Indo-Aryan verb from Sanskrit 'karoti' (to do).

Significado original: To fasten or to tie something up so it cannot move or open.

Indo-European (via Persian and Sanskrit).

Contexto cultural

Be careful using 'munh band karo' (shut your mouth) as it is much more offensive than 'khamosh rahen' (please be quiet).

English speakers often say 'turn off' for lights, but Urdu uses 'close'. Don't let that confuse you!

The phrase 'Darwaza band kar do' appears in countless Bollywood and Lollywood movie scenes. The concept of 'Bandh' (shutdowns) is a frequent topic in South Asian news. Poets often use 'aankhen band karna' to signify death or deep meditation.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

At Home

  • Fridge band karo.
  • Nalka band karo.
  • Kamray ka darwaza band kar do.
  • Sone se pehle light band karna.

In the Market

  • Dukan kab band hogi?
  • Ye rasta band hai.
  • Market band ho chuki hai.
  • Apna bag band rakhen.

At Work/School

  • Laptop band karo.
  • File band kar dein.
  • Meeting band ho gayi.
  • Shor band karo.

With Technology

  • App band karo.
  • Phone band ho gaya.
  • Tab band kar do.
  • Notification band karo.

Social/Emotional

  • Baat band karo.
  • Rishta band karna.
  • Dosti band karna.
  • Aankhen band kar ke yaqeen karna.

Iniciadores de conversa

"Kya main darwaza band kar doon?"

"Aap ki dukan kitne baje band hoti hai?"

"Kya aap ne light band ki thi?"

"Ye rasta kyun band hai?"

"Kya hum ye purani baatein band kar sakte hain?"

Temas para diário

Write about a time you forgot to 'band karna' something important (like a door or a tap).

Describe what you see when you 'aankhen band karna' and imagine your dream house.

List five habits you want to 'band karna' this year.

Imagine a day when the whole city is 'band'. What would you do?

Why is it important to 'band karna' the lights when leaving a room?

Cadastre-se grátis para ver dicas e notas

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