实施 em 30 segundos
- Formal verb for 'implementing' plans, laws, or systems.
- Commonly used in business, government, and medical contexts.
- Implies a structured transition from planning to action.
- Often paired with objects like 计划, 政策, or 手术.
The term 实施 (shíshī) is a cornerstone of formal Chinese communication, representing the bridge between abstract thought and concrete reality. At its core, it means 'to implement,' 'to carry out,' or 'to put into effect.' Unlike more casual verbs for 'doing' something, 实施 implies a structured approach, often involving a pre-existing plan, a set of regulations, or a high-level strategy. It is the moment a blueprint becomes a building, or a law becomes a lived reality for citizens. The first character, 实 (shí), denotes 'solid,' 'real,' or 'fact,' while the second, 施 (shī), suggests 'to bestow,' 'to execute,' or 'to apply.' Together, they form a powerful verb that signifies the manifestation of intent into action.
- Core Concept
- The transition from theory, planning, or legislation to practical application in the real world.
政府决定下个月开始实施新的交通法规。(The government decided to implement the new traffic regulations starting next month.)
In academic and professional contexts, 实施 is preferred over the simpler 执行 (zhíxíng) when the focus is on the entirety of the process rather than just the act of following an order. It encompasses the preparation, the deployment, and the ongoing management of the action. For instance, when a company '实施' a new software system, it isn't just turning it on; it's the whole rollout process. This word carries a weight of authority and deliberate planning, making it essential for anyone reading Chinese news, business reports, or legal documents.
这项计划的实施需要大量的资金支持。(The implementation of this plan requires a large amount of financial support.)
- Etymological Nuance
- The character 施 historically related to spreading out or expanding, like a flag fluttering. This adds a layer of 'spreading' a policy across a population.
Using 实施 correctly requires understanding its typical objects. It is almost always paired with abstract nouns that represent a plan, a rule, or a system. You cannot 实施 a physical object like a chair, but you can 实施 a plan to build a chair. Common objects include 计划 (jìhuà - plan), 政策 (zhèngcè - policy), 方案 (fāng'àn - scheme), 法律 (fǎlǜ - law), and 手术 (shǒushù - surgery). The last one is a specific technical usage where it means to perform the operation.
- Grammar Pattern 1
- Subject + [Adverb] + 实施 + Object (e.g., 我们必须全面实施这个方案。)
医生正在为病人实施紧急手术。(The doctor is performing an emergency surgery on the patient.)
One of the most common ways to see 实施 is in the passive voice or as a noun. In the phrase '实施过程中' (during the implementation process), 实施 acts as a verbal noun. It is also frequently modified by adverbs that describe the scale or intensity of the action, such as 全面 (quánmiàn - comprehensively), 逐步 (zhúbù - step-by-step), or 强制 (qiángzhì - forcibly). This flexibility allows it to describe everything from a gentle rollout of a new office policy to the strict enforcement of national security laws.
- Grammar Pattern 2
- Object + 被/得到 + 实施 (e.g., 新政策已经得到了有效的实施。)
该项目将分三个阶段实施。(The project will be implemented in three stages.)
You will encounter 实施 in environments where precision and formality are paramount. It is a staple of the evening news (新闻联播), where anchors report on the implementation of central government directives. In a corporate boardroom, a CEO might discuss the 实施 of a new market entry strategy. It is also ubiquitous in legal settings; a judge might refer to the 实施 of a specific article of the civil code. Even in hospitals, as mentioned, it is the standard term for 'performing' a clinical procedure.
- Common Context: Business
- Project management, strategic planning, and HR policy updates.
公司决定实施远程办公制度。(The company decided to implement a remote work system.)
In academic writing, 实施 is used to describe the methodology of an experiment or the application of a theoretical framework. If you are reading a research paper, the 'Methods' section will frequently use this word to explain how the study was 'carried out.' It provides a sense of rigor. In daily life, you might see it on public notices in subways or parks, such as '实施交通管制' (implementing traffic control) during a marathon or a festival. It signals to the public that a formal rule is now in effect.
- Common Context: Law
- Enforcement of statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions.
法律的生命力在于实施。(The vitality of the law lies in its implementation.)
The most frequent error learners make with 实施 is using it for trivial or personal tasks. You would not say '我实施了洗碗' (I implemented washing the dishes). For daily chores, use 做 (zuò) or 干 (gàn). 实施 requires a certain level of complexity or institutional backing. Another mistake is confusing it with its synonyms like 执行 (zhíxíng) or 落实 (luòshí). While they are related, 执行 is more about following an order (execution), while 实施 is about the broader application of a plan.
- Incorrect Usage
- *我实施了去超市买菜。 (Incorrect: Too formal for grocery shopping.)
错误：他实施了一个微笑。(He 'implemented' a smile.) -> 正确：他露出了微笑。
Learners also sometimes forget that 实施 is a transitive verb that needs an object, or they use it as an adjective incorrectly. You cannot say '这是一个实施计划' to mean 'this is an implemented plan'; you should say '这是一个已实施的计划' or '这是一个实施中的计划' (a plan in the process of implementation). Additionally, avoid using it for 'practicing' a skill; for that, use 练习 (liànxí). 实施 is about 'putting into practice' a system, not 'practicing' a piano piece.
- Confusion with 落实 (luòshí)
- 落实 emphasizes making sure something is grounded and actually happens, often used in bureaucratic contexts to mean 'following through'. 实施 is the act of putting it into effect.
Understanding the nuances between 实施 and its synonyms will elevate your Chinese from functional to sophisticated. The most common look-alike is 执行 (zhíxíng). While both mean 'to carry out,' 执行 often implies following a specific command or legal judgment (e.g., 执行命令, 执行死刑). 实施 is broader and more focused on the rollout of a system or plan. Another close relative is 落实 (luòshí), which literally means 'to fall to the ground.' It emphasizes the concrete realization of a promise or policy, often used when checking if a plan has actually been fulfilled.
- Comparison: 实施 vs. 履行 (lǚxíng)
- 履行 is specifically used for duties, obligations, or contracts (e.g., 履行合同 - fulfill a contract). 实施 is for plans and policies.
我们必须落实会议精神，并尽快实施具体方案。(We must follow through on the spirit of the meeting and implement the specific plan as soon as possible.)
Then there is 实行 (shíxíng). This is very close to 实施 and often interchangeable, but 实行 is slightly more general and can apply to long-term systems (e.g., 实行民主 - practice democracy). 实施 feels more like a project-based action. Finally, 开展 (kāizhǎn) means to launch or develop an activity (e.g., 开展活动). It suggests an opening up or expansion, whereas 实施 suggests the application of a pre-set rule. Choosing the right one depends on whether you want to emphasize the command (执行), the obligation (履行), the reality (落实), or the systematic application (实施).
- Comparison: 实施 vs. 开展 (kāizhǎn)
- Use 开展 for campaigns or movements; use 实施 for technical plans or laws.
How Formal Is It?
Nível de dificuldade
Gramática essencial
Resultative complements (实施好)
Duration of action (实施了三个月)
Passive markers (得到实施)
Purpose clauses (为了实施...)
Conditional sentences (如果实施这个方案...)
Exemplos por nível
我们要实施这个计划。
We want to implement this plan.
Simple Subject + 实施 + Object structure.
学校实施了新规则。
The school implemented new rules.
Use of '了' to show the action is completed.
这个计划很难实施。
This plan is hard to implement.
实施 used after an adjective '难'.
他们正在实施方案。
They are implementing the scheme.
正在 indicates the action is in progress.
什么时候实施？
When will it be implemented?
Question form.
我们需要实施它。
We need to implement it.
It (它) as the object.
老师实施了新方法。
The teacher implemented a new method.
Subject is a person in authority.
请实施这个决定。
Please implement this decision.
Imperative sentence with '请'.
公司决定实施新的管理制度。
The company decided to implement a new management system.
实施 used with a formal object '管理制度'.
我们必须尽快实施这个项目。
We must implement this project as soon as possible.
Use of '必须' (must) and '尽快' (ASAP).
政府正在实施环保政策。
The government is implementing environmental policies.
实施 used for government actions.
这个计划已经开始实施了。
This plan has already begun to be implemented.
已经...了 structure.
医生为他实施了手术。
The doctor performed surgery on him.
Specific collocation: 实施手术.
新法律将于明年实施。
The new law will be implemented next year.
Future tense with '将于'.
我们需要更多人来实施这个方案。
We need more people to implement this scheme.
Infinitive-like use: 'to implement'.
他负责实施这个计划。
He is responsible for implementing this plan.
负责 (be responsible for) + 实施.
为了提高效率，公司实施了新的奖励办法。
In order to improve efficiency, the company implemented a new reward method.
为了... (In order to...) purpose clause.
该政策的实施得到了市民的支持。
The implementation of the policy received support from the citizens.
实施 used as a noun (implementation).
我们正在研究如何有效地实施这项技术。
We are researching how to effectively implement this technology.
Adverb '有效地' modifying 实施.
这个项目分阶段实施，目前是第一阶段。
This project is implemented in stages; currently, it is the first stage.
分阶段 (in stages) + 实施.
由于资金不足，计划无法实施。
Due to insufficient funds, the plan cannot be implemented.
无法 (unable to) + 实施.
警方正在对该地区实施交通管制。
The police are implementing traffic control in the area.
实施 + 交通管制 (traffic control).
这项措施已经全面实施。
This measure has been fully implemented.
全面 (fully/comprehensively) + 实施.
在实施过程中，我们遇到了一些困难。
During the implementation process, we encountered some difficulties.
在...过程中 (in the process of...).
该国政府决定对进口商品实施新的关税政策。
The country's government decided to implement a new tariff policy on imported goods.
对...实施 (implement ... on ...).
企业应当根据实际情况实施差异化战略。
Enterprises should implement differentiation strategies based on actual conditions.
根据 (based on) + 实施.
法律的生命力在于实施，法律的权威也在于实施。
The vitality of the law lies in its implementation, and its authority also lies in its implementation.
Parallel structure using '在于'.
该手术由国内顶尖专家亲自实施。
The surgery was personally performed by top domestic experts.
Passive structure with '由...实施'.
为了确保计划的顺利实施，我们需要做好充分准备。
To ensure the smooth implementation of the plan, we need to make full preparations.
顺利 (smooth) as an adjective for 实施.
这项技术尚未在全国范围内实施。
This technology has not yet been implemented nationwide.
尚未 (not yet) + 范围 (scope) + 实施.
实施素质教育是当前教育改革的核心。
Implementing quality-oriented education is the core of current education reform.
实施 used as the subject of the sentence.
他因实施诈骗行为被警方逮捕。
He was arrested by the police for carrying out fraudulent activities.
实施 + negative behavior (诈骗行为).
有关部门正在制定该法律的实施细则。
Relevant departments are formulating the detailed rules for the implementation of the law.
实施细则 (detailed implementation rules) is a fixed term.
货币政策的实施效果往往具有一定的滞后性。
The implementation effects of monetary policy often have a certain time lag.
实施效果 (implementation effect) as a compound noun.
该项目在实施阶段遭遇了前所未有的挑战。
The project encountered unprecedented challenges during the implementation phase.
实施阶段 (implementation phase).
我们必须严格实施环境准入制度。
We must strictly implement the environmental entry system.
严格 (strictly) + 实施.
这一举措的实施，标志着改革进入了深水区。
The implementation of this move marks the entry of reform into deep waters.
Metaphorical language used with 实施.
政府通过实施积极的财政政策来刺激经济。
The government stimulates the economy by implementing proactive fiscal policies.
通过 (through) + 实施.
该方案的实施需经董事会批准。
The implementation of the scheme requires approval from the board of directors.
需经...批准 (requires approval by...).
实施跨国并购是该企业全球化战略的重要一步。
Implementing cross-border mergers and acquisitions is an important step in the enterprise's globalization strategy.
Complex business terminology.
法律的实施机制是确保社会公平正义的关键。
The implementation mechanism of the law is the key to ensuring social fairness and justice.
实施机制 (implementation mechanism).
在宏观调控中，政策实施的时机至关重要。
In macro-control, the timing of policy implementation is crucial.
时机 (timing) + 实施.
该项研究旨在探讨如何优化公共政策的实施路径。
This research aims to explore how to optimize the implementation path of public policy.
实施路径 (implementation path).
强制性国家标准必须严格执行和实施。
Mandatory national standards must be strictly enforced and implemented.
Paired with 执行 (zhíxíng).
该地区的土地改革方案已进入实质性实施阶段。
The land reform scheme in the region has entered the substantive implementation phase.
实质性 (substantive) + 实施.
实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略。
Implement the national strategy to actively respond to the aging population.
High-level political slogan.
政策实施的偏差可能导致预期的目标落空。
Deviations in policy implementation may lead to the failure of expected goals.
偏差 (deviation) in implementation.
要加强对权力运行的制约和监督，确保法律得到公正实施。
It is necessary to strengthen the restriction and supervision of the exercise of power to ensure that the law is implemented fairly.
Passive voice with '得到...实施'.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
Frequentemente confundido com
Expressões idiomáticas
Fácil de confundir
Padrões de frases
Como usar
Often used as '得到有效实施' (received effective implementation).
Unique formal use for 'performing' surgery.
- Using it for daily chores (e.g., 实施洗碗).
- Confusing the tones with 试试 (shìshì).
- Using it without an object (it's transitive).
- Confusing it with 练习 (practicing a skill).
- Using it for physical objects (e.g., 实施一本书).
Dicas
Pair with 政策
Always remember '实施政策'. It's one of the most common pairings in Chinese media.
Use as a Noun
Don't be afraid to use it as a noun. '这个计划的实施很顺利' is perfectly natural.
Tone Practice
Practice the 2nd and 1st tone transition. Shí (up) Shī (flat).
Formal Tone
Use 实施 in your essays to improve your score. It sounds much more 'HSK 5' than just using 做.
Context Clues
If you see 实施, look for a 'plan' or 'law' nearby to understand what is being done.
Government Reports
If you read a Chinese government report, count how many times they use 实施. It shows how important 'action' is in their rhetoric.
Hospital Context
In a hospital, if you see '实施中' on a door, it means a procedure is currently being performed.
Project Management
In a Chinese office, use '实施方案' when presenting your execution plan to your boss.
Law Enforcement
Legal implementation is often discussed as '法律的实施'. It's a key term in law school.
HSK Tip
In the HSK listening section, 实施 often signals that a decision has moved from 'talking' to 'doing'.
Memorize
Origem da palavra
Contexto cultural
Using this word in a job interview shows you have a professional vocabulary.
Highly frequent in the 'Government Work Report' (政府工作报告).
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Iniciadores de conversa
"你认为这个新政策该如何实施？"
"公司什么时候开始实施新的休假制度？"
"在实施这个计划时，你遇到了什么困难？"
"这项技术在你们国家实施了吗？"
"谁来负责这个项目的具体实施？"
Temas para diário
描述一个你曾经参与实施的计划。
如果你是市长，你会实施什么样的环保政策？
讨论法律实施对社会公平的重要性。
记录你在实施一个新习惯（如早起）时的过程。
分析一个失败的计划，看看是哪里在实施过程中出了问题。
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasNo, 实施 is too formal for daily tasks like homework. Use 做 (zuò) instead. 实施 is for big plans or rules.
执行 often means following a specific order or enforcing a law (like a police officer). 实施 is broader, covering the whole process of putting a plan into action.
It is primarily a verb ('to implement'), but it can also function as a noun ('implementation'), especially in phrases like '实施过程中'.
Yes, this is the standard formal way to say 'perform a surgery' in Chinese.
Not necessarily. It just means the action of putting something into effect. You can say '实施失败' (implementation failed).
Only if you are talking about something formal, like a company policy. In casual talk about daily life, it's rarely used.
Common adverbs include 全面 (fully), 逐步 (step-by-step), 严格 (strictly), and 立即 (immediately).
Yes, it can be used for carrying out illegal acts, like '实施诈骗' (carrying out a scam).
The standard term is '实施细则' (shíshī xìzé).
Yes, it is a very common word in HSK 4 and HSK 5 levels.
Teste-se 200 perguntas
Write: 'Implement the plan.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write: 'The school implemented new rules.'
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Write: 'The policy was fully implemented.'
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Write: 'The doctor performed surgery on him.'
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Write: 'Formulate implementation details.'
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Write: 'When to implement?'
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Write: 'He is responsible for implementation.'
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Write: 'During the implementation process...'
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Write: 'Implement environmental policies.'
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Write: 'The implementation effect is good.'
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Write: 'We want to implement.'
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Write: 'Start to implement now.'
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Write: 'Unable to implement the plan.'
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Write: 'Strictly implement the law.'
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Write: 'Implementation mechanism.'
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Write: 'Please implement.'
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Write: 'Implement a new system.'
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Write: 'Implement in stages.'
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Write: 'Implement a strategy.'
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Write: 'Optimizing the implementation path.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'Shíshī jìhuà'
Read this aloud:
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Say: 'Gōngsī shíshī xīn zhìdù'
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Say: 'Zhèngcè quánmiàn shíshī'
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Say: 'Yīshēng shíshī shǒushù'
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Say: 'Zhìdìng shíshī xìzé'
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Say: 'Wǒmen shíshī ba'
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Say: 'Shénme shíhou shíshī?'
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Say: 'Shíshī guòchéng hěn shùnlì'
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Say: 'Yángé shíshī fǎlǜ'
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Say: 'Yōuhuà shíshī lùjìng'
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Say: 'Qǐng shíshī'
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Say: 'Fùzé shíshī xiàngmù'
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Say: 'Wúfǎ shíshī fāng'àn'
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Say: 'Fēn jiēduàn shíshī'
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Say: 'Shíshī xiàoguǒ liánghǎo'
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Say: 'Shíshī le'
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Say: 'Kāishǐ shíshī'
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Say: 'Dédào yǒuxiào shíshī'
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Say: 'Shíshī zhànlüè'
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Say: 'Shíshī jīzhì'
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Listen and identify: '实施计划'
Listen and identify: '公司实施新制度'
Listen and identify: '政策全面实施'
Listen and identify: '医生实施手术'
Listen and identify: '制定实施细则'
Listen and identify: '什么时候实施？'
Listen and identify: '他负责实施'
Listen and identify: '无法实施方案'
Listen and identify: '严格实施法律'
Listen and identify: '实施效果良好'
Listen and identify: '请实施'
Listen and identify: '新法律明年实施'
Listen and identify: '分阶段实施'
Listen and identify: '实施素质教育'
Listen and identify: '优化实施路径'
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
实施 (shíshī) is the professional way to say 'carry out' or 'put into effect.' Use it for formal projects and policies, like '实施新政策' (implement a new policy), to sound more authoritative and precise.
- Formal verb for 'implementing' plans, laws, or systems.
- Commonly used in business, government, and medical contexts.
- Implies a structured transition from planning to action.
- Often paired with objects like 计划, 政策, or 手术.
Pair with 政策
Always remember '实施政策'. It's one of the most common pairings in Chinese media.
Use as a Noun
Don't be afraid to use it as a noun. '这个计划的实施很顺利' is perfectly natural.
Tone Practice
Practice the 2nd and 1st tone transition. Shí (up) Shī (flat).
Formal Tone
Use 实施 in your essays to improve your score. It sounds much more 'HSK 5' than just using 做.
Exemplo
政府决定从下个月起实施新的交通规则。
Conteúdo relacionado
Frases relacionadas
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获取
B1Obter ou adquirir algo, especialmente através de esforço ou de um processo específico.
抱负
B1A strong desire to achieve something great; ambition or high aspirations for one's life or career.
尝试
B1Tentar, experimentar. Ele tentou consertar o carro sozinho. (他尝试自己修车。)
注意
B1Prestar atenção; notar ou observar algo.
基本
B1Fundamental ou básico. Por exemplo: 'Direitos humanos básicos'.
引发
B1To trigger, provoke, or give rise to a reaction, event, or discussion. It often describes the starting point of a chain reaction or a public response.
确认
B1Por favor, confirme o recebimento deste documento assinando abaixo. (请在下方签字以确认收到此文件。)
重心
B1The center of gravity (literally) or the main focus/core part (figuratively) of a plan, activity, or discussion.
涵盖
B1To cover, encompass, or include a wide range of things. It implies a comprehensive scope.
交叉
B1Cruzar ou intersectar; usado para estradas, dados ou campos acadêmicos.
