A1 verb Neutro #200 mais comum 3 min de leitura

知道

zhidao [tʂi taʊ]
Pratique

Overview

‘知道’ (zhīdào) is a fundamental and frequently used verb in Mandarin Chinese, meaning 'to know,' 'to be aware of,' or 'to understand.' It is generally used to express knowledge of facts, information, news, or situations, rather than knowledge of skills or how to do something (for which '会' (huì) is often used).

Usage and Contexts:

  1. 1Knowing a Fact/Information: This is the most common use. You can use '知道' to indicate that you possess certain information or are aware of a particular fact.
  • Example: 我知道他是一个好老师。(Wǒ zhīdào tā shì yīgè hǎo lǎoshī.) - I know he is a good teacher.
  • Example: 你知道这个消息吗？(Nǐ zhīdào zhège xiāoxī ma?) - Do you know this news?
  1. 1Being Aware of a Situation: It can also convey awareness of a current state or situation.
  • Example: 我知道你很忙。(Wǒ zhīdào nǐ hěn máng.) - I know you are very busy.
  • Example: 他们知道我们在等他们。(Tāmen zhīdào wǒmen zài děng tāmen.) - They know we are waiting for them.
  1. 1Realizing/Understanding: In some contexts, '知道' can imply a sudden realization or a deeper understanding after reflection, similar to 'to realize' or 'to understand.'
  • Example: 现在我才知道我错了。(Xiànzài wǒ cái zhīdào wǒ cuò le.) - Now I finally realize I was wrong.
  • Example: 听了他的解释，我才知道事情的真相。(Tīng le tā de jiěshì, wǒ cái zhīdào shìqíng de zhēnxiàng.) - After hearing his explanation, I understood the truth of the matter.

Distinction from other 'to know' verbs:

  • 认识 (rènshi): While '知道' means 'to know (a fact/information)', '认识' primarily means 'to know (a person)' or 'to recognize (a place/character)'.
  • Example: 我认识他。(Wǒ rènshi tā.) - I know him (personally).
  • Example: 我知道他的名字。(Wǒ zhīdào tā de míngzì.) - I know his name.
  • 会 (huì): '会' is used to express knowing how to do something, possessing a skill, or having the ability to do something.
  • Example: 我会说中文。(Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén.) - I can speak Chinese (I know how to speak Chinese).
  • Example: 我知道他说中文。(Wǒ zhīdào tā shuō Zhōngwén.) - I know that he speaks Chinese (I know the fact).

Common Phrases and Structures:

  • 不知道 (bù zhīdào): Don't know.
  • Example: 我不知道答案。(Wǒ bù zhīdào dá'àn.) - I don't know the answer.
  • 让...知道 (ràng... zhīdào): Let... know; inform...
  • Example: 请让我知道你的决定。(Qǐng ràng wǒ zhīdào nǐ de juédìng.) - Please let me know your decision.
  • 我知道了 (wǒ zhīdào le): I got it; I understand (often used to acknowledge new information).

'知道' is an essential building block for expressing knowledge and awareness in Chinese, and mastering its usage is crucial for effective communication.

Exemplos

1

我知道他住在哪里。

Asking about someone's residence

I know where he lives.

2

你知道这个消息吗？

Inquiring about someone's awareness of information

Do you know about this news?

3

我不知道怎么做。

Expressing lack of knowledge or skill

I don't know how to do it.

4

他知道很多关于中国历史的事情。

Referring to someone's extensive knowledge

He knows a lot about Chinese history.

5

请让我知道你的决定。

Requesting to be informed

Please let me know your decision.

Colocações comuns

知道吗
知道他
想知道
谁知道

Frequentemente confundido com

知道 vs 认识 (rènshi)

'知道' means to know a fact or to be aware of something, while '认识' means to know a person or to recognize something/someone.

知道 vs 会 (huì)

'知道' is about knowing facts, whereas '会' implies knowing how to do something or having a skill.

Padrões gramaticais

Subject + 知道 + Object (fact/information) Subject + 知道 + Clause (e.g., 知道他明天来 - zhīdào tā míngtiān lái - know he is coming tomorrow) Subject + 不 + 知道 + Object/Clause (negative form)

Como usar

'知道' (zhīdào) is primarily used to express knowledge of facts, information, or awareness of a situation. It's often used in questions like '你知道他在哪里吗?' (Nǐ zhīdào tā zài nǎlǐ ma? - Do you know where he is?) or statements like '我知道这个消息' (Wǒ zhīdào zhège xiāoxī - I know this news). It's important to distinguish '知道' from '认识' (rènshi), which generally means 'to know a person' or 'to be acquainted with,' and '会' (huì), which means 'to know how to do something' or 'to be able to.' While there can be some overlap, particularly in informal contexts, using the correct verb enhances clarity. For example, you wouldn't typically say '我不知道游泳' (Wǒ bù zhīdào yóuyǒng) to mean 'I don't know how to swim'; instead, you'd say '我不会游泳' (Wǒ bù huì yóuyǒng). However, you could say '你知道游泳池在哪里吗?' (Nǐ zhīdào yóuyǒngchí zài nǎlǐ ma? - Do you know where the swimming pool is?).

Erros comuns

A common mistake is confusing '知道' (zhīdào) with '认识' (rènshi). While both can mean 'to know', '知道' generally refers to knowing a fact or information, like 'I know that it's raining.' '认识' usually refers to knowing a person, place, or being familiar with a skill. For example, 'I know John' (我认识约翰 - Wǒ rènshi Yuēhàn) or 'I know how to swim' (我认识游泳 - Wǒ rènshi yóuyǒng is incorrect, should be 我会游泳 Wǒ huì yóuyǒng or 我知道怎么游泳 Wǒ zhīdào zěnme yóuyǒng). Also, ensure proper tone pronunciation, as '知道' has a first tone and a fourth tone. Incorrect tones can lead to misunderstandings, though context often helps.

Dicas

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Usage

'知道' is commonly used to express knowing a fact, information, or being aware of something. It can be used for both people and things.

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Distinction from 会 (huì)

While '会' can also mean 'to know,' it typically refers to knowing a skill or how to do something, whereas '知道' refers to knowing factual information.

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Common phrases

Some common phrases include '你知道吗？' (Do you know?) and '我不知道' (I don't know).

Origem da palavra

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 矢 (shǐ) 'arrow' + 口 (kǒu) 'mouth'. Originally referred to judging, understanding, or discerning through observation and articulation.

Contexto cultural

The word '知道' (zhīdào) is a fundamental and frequently used verb in Mandarin Chinese, meaning 'to know' or 'to be aware of.' Its cultural significance lies in its directness and ubiquity in everyday communication. Unlike some other languages that might have more nuanced distinctions between 'knowing a person,' 'knowing a fact,' or 'knowing how to do something,' '知道' often serves as a general term for factual knowledge or awareness. This can sometimes lead to slight differences in how information is conveyed or confirmed in Chinese compared to languages with more specific verbs for different types of knowing. For example, when asking if someone knows a piece of information, '你知道吗?' (Nǐ zhīdào ma?) is a common and direct inquiry. It reflects a cultural preference for clear and unambiguous communication regarding shared understanding.

Dica de memorização

The character '知' (zhī) means 'to know'. It's composed of '矢' (shǐ - arrow) and '口' (kǒu - mouth). Imagine an arrow flying out of your mouth, delivering knowledge. The character '道' (dào) means 'way' or 'path', often associated with understanding. So, '知道' is like knowing the 'way' or 'path' to understanding something.

Perguntas frequentes

4 perguntas

'知道' (zhī dào) is a Chinese verb that generally means 'to know' or 'to be aware of.' It's used when you possess factual information, are conscious of something, or have learned about a particular subject. It's a very common and versatile word in daily conversation, and understanding its nuances is key to grasping basic Chinese communication. It implies a recognition or understanding of a fact or situation.

'知道' can be used in various sentence structures. For example, you can say '我知道' (wǒ zhīdào) meaning 'I know,' or '你知道吗？' (nǐ zhīdào ma?) meaning 'Do you know?' It often takes an object which can be a noun, a pronoun, or even a clause. For instance, '我知道这个消息' (wǒ zhīdào zhège xiāoxī) means 'I know this news.' It's quite straightforward to integrate into sentences.

Absolutely! '知道' appears in many common phrases. For example, '谁知道' (shéi zhīdào) means 'who knows?' or 'who can tell?' '不知道' (bù zhīdào) is simply 'don't know.' Another useful one is '你知道吗？' (nǐ zhīdào ma?), which is a common way to ask 'Do you know?' These expressions are frequently used in everyday dialogue and can help you sound more natural.

While '知道' focuses on knowing a fact or being aware of something, other words like '认识' (rènshi) are used for knowing people or being familiar with a place or object through experience. For example, '我认识他' (wǒ rènshi tā) means 'I know him' (personally), whereas '我知道他' (wǒ zhīdào tā) means 'I know about him' (facts). '会' (huì) generally refers to knowing how to do something, like a skill. So, '知道' is more about factual knowledge.

Teste-se

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他_____这个消息吗？ (Tā _____ zhège xiāoxi ma?)

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
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我刚_____你在这里。 (Wǒ gāng _____ nǐ zài zhèlǐ.)

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
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你_____怎么去火车站吗？ (Nǐ _____ zěnme qù huǒchēzhàn ma?)

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Pontuação: /3

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