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A2 verb 9 min de leitura

背诵

beisong

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 背诵 em 30 segundos

Explicação 背诵 in your Level:

At the A1 level, 背诵 (bèisòng) is introduced as a basic action related to learning. Students at this level might use it to describe simple school tasks, like reciting a short poem or a few sentences. The focus is on the literal meaning: 'to say something from memory.' Examples usually involve very common objects like 'poetry' (诗) or 'words' (词). It is often one of the first verbs students learn that describes a specific study method in the Chinese cultural context. At this stage, learners should focus on the basic Subject + 背诵 + Object structure. The concept of 'turning your back' (背) to the book can be a helpful mnemonic for A1 students to remember the meaning of the word. They might also learn the shortened form 背 (bèi) in phrases like '背单词' (memorize words). The emphasis is on the physical act of reciting aloud, which is a common part of A1 language practice.

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By A2, learners encounter 背诵 (bèisòng) more frequently in the context of classroom activities and homework. They begin to use resultative complements like 下来 (xiàlái) to indicate the completion of the task (e.g., 背诵下来). At this level, students can describe their daily routine: 'I spent an hour reciting the text.' They also start to distinguish 背诵 from 朗读 (reading aloud). The A2 learner understands that 背诵 is a more demanding task that requires 'internalizing' the material. They might use it to talk about preparing for a small presentation or a test. The word is often paired with adverbs of frequency or duration, such as 'often' (经常) or 'for a long time' (很久). The cultural significance of recitation in Chinese learning becomes more apparent as students are often asked to 背诵 short classical verses like 'Thoughts in the Silent Night' (静夜思).

At the B1 level, 背诵 (bèisòng) is used in a wider variety of contexts beyond the classroom. Learners can talk about reciting lines for a play (背诵台词) or a speech for a meeting (背诵演讲稿). They begin to use the 把 (bǎ) construction more fluently with 背诵, reflecting a more advanced command of Chinese grammar. B1 learners can also discuss the *difficulty* of reciting different types of texts, using comparative structures. They might say, 'Reciting prose is harder than reciting poetry.' At this level, the distinction between 背诵 and 朗诵 (artistic recitation) becomes important, as students might participate in language competitions. They also start to understand the noun form, such as 'recitation competition' (背诵比赛). The focus shifts from the mere act of memorizing to the *quality* and *fluency* of the recitation.

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B2 learners use 背诵 (bèisòng) to discuss more abstract concepts, such as the role of rote memorization in education systems. They can debate the pros and cons of 背诵 compared to other learning methods like 'understanding-based learning' (理解性学习). At this level, the word appears in more formal discussions about culture and tradition. For example, a B2 student might explain how 背诵 helped them develop a better 'sense of language' (语感). They can use the word in complex sentences with multiple clauses, such as 'Although reciting ancient texts is difficult, it is a great way to appreciate Chinese literature.' The vocabulary associated with 背诵 expands to include terms like 'fluently' (流利地), 'verbatim' (一字不差地), and 'painstakingly' (辛苦地). They also become familiar with the historical context of the word in the Imperial Examination system.

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At the C1 level, 背诵 (bèisòng) is used with professional and academic precision. Learners can discuss the cognitive science of recitation and its impact on long-term memory. They might use the word in literary analysis, discussing how authors use rhythm and rhyme to make their works easier to 背诵. C1 students are expected to know more literary synonyms like 吟诵 (yínsòng - chanting) or 默诵 (mòsòng - reciting silently in one's mind). They can handle nuanced distinctions between different types of oral performance. In a professional setting, a C1 learner might use 背诵 to describe the requirement for lawyers to know certain statutes by heart or for religious scholars to memorize scriptures. The word is no longer just a 'study verb' but a tool for discussing cultural heritage, intellectual discipline, and the preservation of oral traditions. Their use of the word is characterized by high-level collocations and sophisticated grammatical structures.

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For C2 learners, 背诵 (bèisòng) is a word they can use to explore deep philosophical and cultural themes. They might discuss the 'embodied knowledge' that comes from 背诵, where a text becomes a part of the person's identity. They can analyze the evolution of 背诵 from the classical era to the modern day, including its role in the preservation of endangered languages or oral histories. C2 speakers can use the word in highly formal speeches or academic papers, perhaps critiquing the 'recitation-style' education (填鸭式教育) or praising the 'internalization' of classical wisdom. They are comfortable with the word's appearance in idioms and classical allusions. At this level, the act of 背诵 is seen as a bridge between the past and the present, a way of 'speaking' with the ancestors. Their command of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, using it with perfect tone, context, and stylistic flair.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

背诵 em 30 segundos

背诵 means to recite from memory, a core part of Chinese education.
It combines 'back' (turning away from the book) and 'chanting' (vocalizing).
Commonly used for poems, scripts, and school lessons to show mastery.
Differs from 'reading aloud' because the text is not present during the act.

The Chinese verb 背诵 (bèisòng) is a cornerstone of traditional and modern Chinese education, literally meaning 'to recite from memory.' To understand its depth, one must look at the two characters that compose it. The first character, 背 (bèi), commonly means 'back' or 'behind.' In a pedagogical context, it refers to the ancient practice where a student would turn their back to the teacher and the book to prove they had truly internalized the text. The second character, 诵 (sòng), means to chant, intone, or read aloud with rhythm. Together, 背诵 implies not just the mental act of remembering, but the vocal act of reproduction.

Educational Context: In Chinese schools, students are frequently required to perform 背诵 for classical poetry, prose, and even English vocabulary. It is seen as a way to 'possess' the knowledge permanently.

老师要求我们下周背诵这首唐诗。 (The teacher requires us to recite this Tang poem by heart next week.)

Historically, 背诵 was the primary method for preparing for the Imperial Examinations. Candidates had to memorize hundreds of thousands of characters from the Confucian classics. Today, while modern pedagogy emphasizes critical thinking, the cultural value placed on 背诵 remains high because it is believed that through recitation, the rhythm and aesthetic beauty of the Chinese language are best absorbed. It is used when referring to poems, scripts, speeches, or any formal text that must be delivered without looking at notes.

Cultural Nuance: Performing 背诵 is often a source of pride. In family gatherings, children might be asked to 背诵 a poem to show off their academic progress and diligence.

他能流利地背诵整篇《出师表》。 (He can fluently recite the entire 'Chu Shi Biao'.)

Furthermore, 背诵 is distinguished from 朗读 (lǎngdú). While 朗读 means to read aloud with expression (usually with the text in hand), 背诵 specifically requires the absence of the text. It is a test of both memory and delivery. In the digital age, while rote memorization is sometimes criticized, many Chinese learners still find that 背诵 helps them develop a 'sense of the language' (语感 yǔgǎn), making grammatical structures feel more natural and intuitive.

Using 背诵 (bèisòng) in a sentence is relatively straightforward as it functions as a standard transitive verb. The most common structure is Subject + 背诵 + Object. The object is typically a piece of writing, such as a poem (诗), a text (课文), or a speech (演讲稿). However, because 背诵 is an action that takes time and results in a state of knowledge, it is frequently paired with resultative complements or used in the 把 (bǎ) construction.

The Resultative Complement '下来': To indicate that you have successfully finished memorizing something so that you can recite it, we use 背诵下来 (bèisòng xiàlái). This 'down' (下来) implies the information has been 'fixed' or 'captured' in the mind.

我终于把这篇长文章背诵下来了。 (I finally managed to recite/memorize this long article.)

Another common pattern involves the use of 能 (néng) or 会 (huì) to express the ability to recite. 能背诵 suggests the physical or mental capability at a specific moment, while 会背诵 often implies that you have learned it and now possess the skill to recite it. In school settings, you might hear the phrase 背诵课文 (bèisòng kèwén), which is a standard homework assignment. It is important to note that 背诵 is rarely used for short, singular items like a phone number or a single word; for those, 背 (bèi) or 记住 (jìzhù) is more appropriate.

Negative Forms: To say you haven't memorized something yet, use 还没背诵 (hái méi bèisòng) or 背不下来 (bèi bù xiàlái) (cannot memorize it successfully).

这首诗太难了，我怎么也背诵不下来。 (This poem is too difficult; I just can't seem to recite it from memory.)

In formal writing, 背诵 can also act as a noun (recitation), as in 背诵比赛 (bèisòng bǐsài - recitation competition). When used as a noun, it often follows verbs like 进行 (jìnxíng - to conduct). For example, '班级正在进行诗歌背诵' (The class is conducting a poetry recitation). This versatility allows it to cover both the action and the event of reciting.

If you spend any time in a Chinese educational environment, 背诵 (bèisòng) will be one of the most frequent words you encounter. From the first grade through high school, the morning air in many Chinese schools is filled with the rhythmic sound of students 背诵-ing their lessons. This 'morning reading' (早读 zǎodú) is a dedicated time for students to chant and memorize texts. You will hear teachers say, '明天要抽查背诵' (Tomorrow I will randomly check your recitation), which usually strikes a bit of fear into students' hearts!

The Acting and Performing Arts: Beyond the classroom, 背诵 is a vital word in the world of theater and film. Actors must 背诵台词 (bèisòng táicí)—recite their lines. Directors might ask, '台词背诵熟了吗？' (Have you memorized the lines thoroughly?)

为了演好这个角色，他每天都在背诵剧本。 (In order to play this role well, he recites the script every day.)

In the religious sphere, 背诵 is used when practitioners memorize sutras or scriptures. In a Buddhist temple, you might hear about monks 背诵佛经 (bèisòng fójīng). Similarly, in a legal or political context, someone might be expected to 背诵誓词 (bèisòng shìcí)—recite an oath. Public speaking also involves 背诵; a polished speaker often 背诵-s their opening and closing remarks to ensure a strong impact without the distraction of notes.

Media and Competitions: On Chinese television, shows like 'The Chinese Poetry Congress' (中国诗词大会) showcase contestants who have 背诵-ed thousands of classical poems. Here, 背诵 is celebrated as a high-level intellectual achievement.

电视上的选手能背诵上千首古诗。 (The contestants on TV can recite over a thousand ancient poems.)

Finally, in the workplace, 背诵 might appear in training sessions where employees are required to memorize company missions or safety protocols. While 'memorize' is the closest English equivalent, the 'recitation' aspect of 背诵 emphasizes that the knowledge must be ready to be spoken at a moment's notice. It is a word that bridges the gap between internal thought and external expression.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 背诵 (bèisòng) with 朗读 (lǎngdú). While both involve speaking aloud, 朗读 is 'reading aloud' (usually with a book in front of you), whereas 背诵 is 'reciting from memory.' If you say you are 背诵-ing a book while you are clearly looking at the pages, a native speaker will be confused. Use 朗读 for practice and 背诵 for the final test of memory.

Mistaking '背' for '背诵': In casual speech, people often shorten 背诵 to just 背 (bèi). However, 背 has many other meanings, including 'back' (noun) and 'to carry on the back' (verb). Beginners sometimes misuse the tones or the context. For example, '我背书' (wǒ bèi shū) means 'I am memorizing/reciting books,' but '我背书包' (wǒ bēi shūbāo - note the tone change to 1st tone) means 'I am carrying a backpack.'

❌ 错误: 我在背诵我的名字。 (I am reciting my name.)
✅ 正确: 我在写我的名字。 (I am writing my name.)

Another error is using 背诵 for things that don't involve text. You 背诵 a poem, a speech, or a law, but you don't 背诵 a person's face, a map, or a melody. For those, you would use 记住 (jìzhù - remember/memorize) or 熟悉 (shúxī - be familiar with). 背诵 is strictly for linguistic or textual content that can be spoken.

Collocation Errors: Sometimes learners forget to use the resultative complement 下来 or 会. Saying '我背诵了这首诗' (I recited this poem) is grammatically fine but often sounds like you just did the action once. If you want to say you *know* it now, '我会背诵这首诗了' is much more natural.

❌ 错误: 我背诵他的电话号码。 (I recite his phone number.)
✅ 正确: 我记住了他的电话号码。 (I remembered his phone number.)

Finally, watch out for the formality. 背诵 is a formal term. In very casual conversation, just using 背 (bèi) is much more common. '你背了吗？' (Did you memorize/recite it?) is what a classmate would ask you, whereas a teacher or an official document would use the full 背诵.

To master 背诵 (bèisòng), it helps to understand how it compares to its synonyms. The most common related word is 背 (bèi), which is the informal, shortened version. While they are often interchangeable, 背 is a broader verb that can also mean 'to memorize' (the internal process), whereas 背诵 almost always implies the vocal output. If you are 'cramming' for an exam, you are 背书 (bèishū), not necessarily 背诵书.

背诵 vs. 朗诵 (lǎngsòng): 背诵 focuses on the *accuracy* of memory. 朗诵 focuses on the *artistic delivery*. You can 朗诵 a poem while reading it from a book, focusing on your tone and emotion. 背诵 means the book is closed.

他在晚会上感人地朗诵了一首诗。 (He gave a moving recitation/reading of a poem at the party.)

Another alternative is 默写 (mòxiě), which means 'to write from memory.' This is the written counterpart to 背诵. In a Chinese class, a teacher might first ask you to 背诵 a paragraph and then 默写 it to ensure you also know how to write the characters correctly. There is also 复述 (fùshù), which means 'to retell.' Unlike 背诵, which requires verbatim accuracy, 复述 allows you to use your own words to summarize the content.

背诵 vs. 记住 (jìzhù): 记住 is the general term for 'to remember' or 'to keep in mind.' It is used for facts, faces, and events. 背诵 is a specific *method* of remembering linguistic texts through repetition and vocalization.

请记住我刚才说的话。 (Please remember what I just said.)

For more formal or literary contexts, you might see 吟诵 (yínsòng), which refers to the traditional, melodic way of chanting classical poetry. While 背诵 is the modern standard for 'recite,' 吟诵 carries a more classical, artistic connotation. Finally, 熟记 (shújì) means 'to learn by heart' or 'to know thoroughly.' It emphasizes the depth of the memory rather than the act of speaking it aloud. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the right word for the right level of memory and performance.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

In the Imperial Exams, candidates had to '背诵' over 400,000 characters of classical text perfectly to pass the highest levels.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /beɪ sʊŋ/

US /beɪ sʊŋ/

The stress is equal on both syllables, as is typical in Mandarin, but the tones are the key: 4th tone (falling) on both syllables.

Rima com

对弄 (duìnòng) 重用 (zhòngyòng) 痛用 (tòngyòng) 梦中 (mèngzhōng) 动用 (dòngyòng) 空洞 (kōngdòng) 控制 (kòngzhì) 放送 (fàngsòng)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'bèi' with a rising tone (2nd tone) like 'běi' (north).
Pronouncing 'sòng' with a flat tone (1st tone).
Confusing 'bèi' with 'bēi' (to carry).
Failing to make the 'ng' ending in 'sòng' clear.
Shortening the vowel in 'bèi' so it sounds like 'bet'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

The characters are relatively common in educational contexts.

Escrita 4/5

The character '诵' has several strokes and requires practice.

Expressão oral 3/5

The double 4th tone (bèisòng) requires clear, sharp falling tones.

Audição 2/5

Easily recognized in school or formal settings.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

背 (bèi) 读 (dú) 书 (shū) 课文 (kèwén) 诗 (shī)

Aprenda a seguir

朗诵 (lǎngsòng) 默写 (mòxiě) 复述 (fùshù) 记忆力 (jìyìlì) 经典 (jīngdiǎn)

Avançado

吟诵 (yínsòng) 死记硬背 (sǐjì yìngbèi) 过目不忘 (guòmù bùwàng)

Gramática essencial

Resultative Complements (下来)

他把文章背诵下来了。

Potential Complements (不下来)

我背诵不下来这么多词。

The 'Ba' Construction

请把这段话背诵一遍。

Degree Particle 'De'

他背诵得非常流利。

Causative 'Rang'

老师让我背诵课文。

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Exemplos por nível

我会背诵这首小诗。

I can recite this short poem.

Uses '会' (huì) to indicate a learned ability.

他在背诵课文。

He is reciting the lesson text.

The '在' (zài) indicates an ongoing action.

请背诵第一段。

Please recite the first paragraph.

A simple imperative sentence.

我们要背诵五个词。

We need to recite five words.

Uses '要' (yào) to indicate a requirement.

我不喜欢背诵。

I don't like reciting from memory.

Simple negation using '不' (bù).

他背诵得很快。

He recites very quickly.

Uses the structural particle '得' (de) to describe the action.

你会背诵这个吗？

Can you recite this?

A basic question using '吗' (ma).

老师让我背诵。

The teacher asked me to recite.

Uses the causative verb '让' (ràng).

我终于把课文背诵下来了。

I finally managed to recite the text from memory.

Uses the '把' construction with the resultative '下来'.

每天早上我们都要背诵课文。

Every morning we have to recite the lesson text.

Indicates a habitual action with '每天' and '都'.

他能背诵很多古诗。

He can recite many ancient poems.

Uses '能' (néng) for capability.

背诵对学习汉语很有用。

Recitation is very useful for learning Chinese.

The verb '背诵' acts as the subject of the sentence.

你背诵的时候不要看书。

Don't look at the book when you are reciting.

Uses '...的时候' to indicate time.

这首诗太长了，我背诵不下来。

This poem is too long; I can't memorize/recite it.

Potential complement '不下来' indicating inability to complete.

他背诵得非常流利。

He recites very fluently.

Uses '得' with the adverb '非常流利'.

我们班要举行背诵比赛。

Our class is going to hold a recitation competition.

Here '背诵' acts as an adjective modifying '比赛'.

为了明天的演讲，我必须背诵演讲稿。

For tomorrow's speech, I must recite the speech script.

Uses '为了' (for the purpose of) and '必须' (must).

演员们正在背诵下周要演的台词。

The actors are reciting the lines for next week's performance.

Uses '正在' for an action in progress.

如果你能背诵这段话，我就给你奖励。

If you can recite this passage, I will give you a reward.

A conditional sentence using '如果...就...'.

背诵古文可以帮助我们了解中国文化。

Reciting ancient prose can help us understand Chinese culture.

The phrase '背诵古文' is the subject.

他虽然背诵得很好，但不太理解意思。

Although he recites well, he doesn't quite understand the meaning.

A contrastive sentence using '虽然...但...'.

请你把刚才背诵的内容写下来。

Please write down the content you just recited.

Combines '把' construction with a relative clause '刚才背诵的内容'.

通过背诵，我的口语水平提高了很多。

Through recitation, my speaking level has improved a lot.

Uses '通过' (through/by means of).

他能一字不差地背诵整本书。

He can recite the whole book verbatim.

Uses the four-character idiom '一字不差' (not one word different).

背诵并不是死记硬背，而是为了内化知识。

Recitation is not just rote memorization; it is for internalizing knowledge.

Uses '不是...而是...' (not... but...).

在古代，背诵是参加科举考试的基本功。

In ancient times, recitation was a basic skill for taking the Imperial Examinations.

Uses '在...是...' to describe a historical fact.

他从小就被要求背诵大量的经典著作。

Since he was young, he was required to recite a large number of classic works.

A passive sentence using '被' (bèi).

这种背诵式的教学方法在现代受到了挑战。

This recitation-style teaching method is being challenged in modern times.

Uses the adjective '背诵式的' (recitation-style).

无论文章多难，他都能坚持背诵完。

No matter how difficult the article is, he can always persist in finishing the recitation.

Uses '无论...都...' (no matter...).

背诵名篇佳作有助于提高文学修养。

Reciting famous masterpieces helps to improve one's literary accomplishment.

Formal vocabulary: '名篇佳作' and '文学修养'.

他背诵时的神情非常专注，仿佛进入了另一个世界。

His expression while reciting was very focused, as if he had entered another world.

Uses '仿佛' (as if) to create a simile.

老师强调，背诵时要注意情感的表达。

The teacher emphasized that one should pay attention to emotional expression when reciting.

Uses '强调' (emphasize) followed by a clause.

他能够熟练地背诵《论语》中的许多篇章。

He is able to proficiently recite many chapters from the Analects of Confucius.

Uses '能够' (be able to) and '熟练地' (proficiently).

那种机械的背诵往往会扼杀学生的创造力。

That kind of mechanical recitation often stifles students' creativity.

Uses '机械的' (mechanical) and '扼杀' (stifle/kill).

背诵经典不仅是记忆的训练，更是文化的传承。

Reciting classics is not only a training of memory but also a transmission of culture.

Uses '不仅是...更是...' (not only... but even more...).

在没有文字的时代，历史主要靠背诵和口传。

In eras without writing, history relied mainly on recitation and oral tradition.

Uses '靠' (rely on) to indicate the method.

他背诵出的诗句，字字珠玑，令人赞叹。

The verses he recited were like pearls (exquisite), making everyone marvel.

Uses the idiom '字字珠玑' (every word is a gem).

为了达到完美的表演效果，他反复背诵和揣摩台词。

To achieve a perfect performance, he repeatedly recited and pondered the lines.

Uses '揣摩' (to ponder/analyze deeply).

这种背诵的要求对某些学生来说确实是一种负担。

This requirement for recitation is indeed a burden for some students.

Uses '对...来说' (as far as ... is concerned).

他背诵的速度之快，令在场的所有人都感到震惊。

The speed of his recitation was so fast that it shocked everyone present.

Uses '...之快' (the quickness of...).

背诵，作为一种古老的认知方式，在信息时代依然具有独特的价值。

Recitation, as an ancient cognitive mode, still holds unique value in the information age.

Uses '作为...' (as a...) to define the subject's role.

他通过背诵将那些深刻的哲学思想化为了自己的血肉。

Through recitation, he transformed those profound philosophical thoughts into his own flesh and blood (internalized them completely).

Metaphorical use of '化为了自己的血肉'.

这种对文本的极致背诵，体现了对知识的敬畏之心。

This extreme recitation of texts reflects a heart of reverence for knowledge.

Uses '体现了' (reflects/embodies).

背诵不仅是对遗忘的对抗，更是对人类文明精髓的刻意留存。

Recitation is not only a struggle against forgetting, but a deliberate preservation of the essence of human civilization.

Sophisticated parallel structure with '不仅是...更是...'.

在口头文学研究中，背诵的变异与稳定性是一个核心课题。

In the study of oral literature, the variation and stability of recitation is a core topic.

Academic terminology: '变异与稳定性' (variation and stability).

他能随口背诵出任何一段他读过的经典，这种功力非一日之寒。

He can recite any passage of a classic he has read at will; this level of skill was not achieved in a day.

Uses the idiom '冰冻三尺，非一日之寒' (Rome wasn't built in a day).

背诵之美，在于声韵与情感在记忆深处的共鸣。

The beauty of recitation lies in the resonance of phonology and emotion in the depths of memory.

Poetic structure: '...之美，在于...'.

通过背诵，我们得以在千载之后与古人的灵魂进行跨时空的对话。

Through recitation, we are able to engage in a cross-temporal dialogue with the souls of the ancients a thousand years later.

Uses '得以' (be able to/be allowed to) in a formal context.

Colocações comuns

背诵课文

背诵诗歌

流利地背诵

背诵台词

背诵下来

机械背诵

背诵比赛

一字不差地背诵

背诵经典

要求背诵

Frases Comuns

死记硬背

— To learn by rote without understanding. It describes mechanical memorization.

死记硬背不是好的学习方法。

倒背如流

— To know something so well that you can recite it backwards. It means extreme fluency.

他对这些规则已经倒背如流了。

背诵全文

— To recite the entire text from beginning to end.

这堂课的任务是背诵全文。

默读背诵

— To read silently and then try to recite from memory.

他正在通过默读背诵来记单词。

抽查背诵

— To randomly check a student's recitation.

老师今天下午要抽查背诵。

背诵手册

— A small handbook designed for memorizing key facts or vocabulary.

这是一本中考背诵手册。

背诵任务

— The specific assignment of memorizing a text.

我还没完成今天的背诵任务。

反复背诵

— To recite something over and over again to ensure it is remembered.

经过反复背诵，他终于记住了。

背诵要点

— To recite only the key points or main ideas.

复习时只需背诵要点即可。

背诵技巧

— Techniques or methods used to help one recite more effectively.

他向我们分享了他的背诵技巧。

Frequentemente confundido com

背诵 vs 朗读

Reading aloud with a book vs. reciting from memory.

背诵 vs 默写

Writing from memory vs. speaking from memory.

背诵 vs 记住

General remembering vs. specific verbatim recitation.

Expressões idiomáticas

"倒背如流"

— To know a text so thoroughly that one can recite it as if it were flowing water, even backwards.

他把那篇演讲稿背得倒背如流。

Informal/Idiomatic

"滚瓜烂熟"

— Literally 'as ripe as a rolling melon'; meaning to have something perfectly memorized.

这些课文他早已经背得滚瓜烂熟了。

Informal

"过目不忘"

— To have a photographic memory; to never forget what one has seen once.

他有过目不忘的本领，背诵对他来说很简单。

Literary

"博闻强记"

— To have wide knowledge and a powerful memory.

他博闻强记，能背诵许多冷门的典籍。

Formal

"如数家珍"

— To be as familiar with something as if counting one's own family treasures.

他背诵起家族历史来，如数家珍。

Literary

"出口成章"

— To speak so eloquently that it's as if one is reciting a pre-written essay.

他博学多才，背诵的积累让他出口成章。

Literary

"念兹在兹"

— To keep something constantly in mind; to be preoccupied with it.

他背诵着那句格言，念兹在兹。

Classical

"铭记在心"

— To engrave in one's heart; to remember forever.

老师的教诲，我始终铭记在心，时常背诵。

Formal

"耳熟能详"

— What's frequently heard can be repeated in detail.

这些故事大家都耳熟能详，甚至能背诵一段。

Common

"念念不忘"

— To never forget; to keep thinking about something.

他对自己背诵失败的那次经历念念不忘。

Common

Fácil de confundir

背诵 vs 朗读 (lǎngdú)

Both involve speaking aloud.

朗读 requires a text to read from; 背诵 requires memory and no text.

他在朗读课文。(He is reading the text aloud.)

背诵 vs 背 (bèi)

It is the first character and a common short form.

背 can mean 'back' or 'to carry'; 背诵 is specifically the verb 'to recite'.

他在背书。(He is memorizing/reciting books.)

背诵 vs 复述 (fùshù)

Both involve repeating information.

复述 is retelling in your own words; 背诵 is repeating word-for-word.

请复述故事大意。(Please retell the main idea of the story.)

背诵 vs 朗诵 (lǎngsòng)

Both are formal types of recitation.

朗诵 is artistic and can use a book; 背诵 is purely a test of memory.

诗歌朗诵会。(Poetry recitation/reading event.)

背诵 vs 默诵 (mòsòng)

Both involve the act of reciting.

默诵 is done silently in the mind; 背诵 is done aloud.

他在默诵心经。(He is silently reciting the Heart Sutra.)

Padrões de frases

我会背诵 [Object]。

我会背诵这首诗。

我把 [Object] 背诵下来了。

我把课文背诵下来了。

[Subject] 正在背诵 [Object]。

他正在背诵演讲稿。

通过背诵 [Object]，可以 [Effect]。

通过背诵古诗，可以提高语感。

[Subject] 能一字不差地背诵 [Object]。

他能一字不差地背诵整篇论文。

背诵 [Object] 是为了 [Purpose]。

背诵经典是为了内化传统智慧。

[Subject] 背诵得非常 [Adverb]。

他背诵得非常流利。

不要 [Action]，要背诵。

不要看书，要背诵。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

背诵者 (bèisòngzhě - reciter)

背诵比赛 (bèisòng bǐsài - recitation competition)

Verbos

背 (bèi - to memorize/recite)

诵 (sòng - to chant/recite)

Adjetivos

背诵式的 (bèisòngshì de - recitation-style)

Relacionado

朗读 (lǎngdú)

默写 (mòxiě)

复述 (fùshù)

记忆 (jìyì)

背书 (bèishū)

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Como usar

frequency

High in educational contexts; medium in professional arts.

Erros comuns

Using '背诵' for people or faces. → 记住 (jìzhù) or 认得 (rènde).
'背诵' is only for linguistic texts. You cannot 'recite' a face.
Using '背诵' while reading the book. → 朗读 (lǎngdú).
If the book is open, you are 'reading aloud' (朗读), not 'reciting' (背诵).
Saying '背诵电话号码'. → 记电话号码 or 背电话号码.
'背诵' is too formal for a simple string of numbers. It sounds like you are performing the phone number on stage.
Forgetting the '下来' in resultative contexts. → 我背诵下来了。
Without '下来', the sentence '我背诵了' often feels incomplete in Mandarin when you mean you have finished memorizing.
Confusing 'bèi' (4th tone) with 'běi' (3rd tone). → bèisòng (4th 4th).
If you use the 3rd tone, it sounds like 'North Recitation', which makes no sense.

Dicas

Break it Down

Don't try to '背诵' a whole page at once. Break the text into small 'chunks' and master each one before moving on. This is how Chinese students learn long classical texts.

Use Rhythm

Chinese is a rhythmic language. When you '背诵', try to find the natural 'beat' of the sentences. This makes it much easier to remember and sounds more natural.

Result Matters

Always remember to use '下来' (xiàlái) to indicate you've successfully finished memorizing. '我背诵了' just means you did the action, but '我背下来了' means you know it now.

Appreciate the Art

In China, '背诵' is often seen as a performance. Even if you are just reciting for a teacher, try to use clear pronunciation and appropriate pauses.

The 'Back' Method

Literally try turning your back to your notes when practicing. It forces your brain to retrieve the information without visual cues, which is the essence of '背诵'.

Stroke Order

The character '诵' has the 'speech' radical (讠). This is a great reminder that '背诵' is about speaking, not just thinking.

Chant Along

Listen to recordings of famous Chinese poems. Try to '背诵' along with the speaker to get the tones and the 'feeling' (语感) right.

Show Off a Little

Learning to '背诵' a famous Tang poem like 'Jing Ye Si' is a great way to impress Chinese friends and show your dedication to the culture.

Review Regularly

Recitation decays if not practiced. '背诵' something today, then again in three days, then in a week to move it to permanent memory.

Internalize Wisdom

Pick texts to '背诵' that you actually find meaningful. When you memorize a wise quote, it becomes a tool you can use in your own life.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine yourself standing with your BACK (背) to a book, CHANTING (诵) the words aloud to your teacher.

Associação visual

A student standing in front of a wooden desk, looking at a wall, and speaking rhythmically.

Word Web

Memory Poetry School Voice Back Chant Internalize Performance

Desafio

Try to '背诵' one short Chinese sentence every day this week without looking at your notes.

Origem da palavra

The term is composed of '背' (back) and '诵' (to chant). In ancient times, students would turn their backs to the teacher to prove they weren't looking at the book.

Significado original: To chant a text while facing away from it to demonstrate mastery.

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic).

Contexto cultural

Be careful not to dismiss '背诵' as merely 'rote learning' when talking to Chinese educators; it is often viewed as a sophisticated form of internalization.

In the West, 'recitation' is often associated with old-fashioned schooling or theater, whereas in China, it remains a mainstream educational tool.

The Chinese Poetry Congress (TV Show) Confucius' emphasis on learning the Odes The movie 'Not One Less' (showing rural education)

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

School Classroom

背诵课文
抽查背诵
背诵作业
背得真好

Theater/Film

背诵台词
记不住词
背熟了吗
反复背诵

Poetry Club

背诵唐诗
诗歌背诵
背诵名篇
感情背诵

Religious Study

背诵佛经
每日背诵
默诵经文
背诵仪式

Public Speaking

背诵演讲稿
脱稿背诵
背诵开场白
流利背诵

Iniciadores de conversa

"你小时候最讨厌背诵哪篇课文？"

"你觉得背诵对学习外语有帮助吗？"

"你能背诵一首你最喜欢的诗吗？"

"你背诵台词的时候有什么好方法吗？"

"在你们国家，学生也需要背诵很多东西吗？"

Temas para diário

描写一次你参加背诵比赛的经历和感受。

讨论死记硬背和理解性学习的区别。

如果让你背诵一本书，你会选择哪一本？为什么？

谈谈你对中国传统教育中背诵经典的看法。

记录你今天背诵五个新单词的过程。

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, in almost all contexts, '背诵' implies an audible recitation. If you are doing it silently, the term '默诵' (silent recitation) or simply '背' (memorize) is used. In a classroom, if a teacher asks you to '背诵', they expect to hear your voice.

Technically you could, but it sounds very strange. '背诵' is reserved for 'texts' like poems, articles, or speeches. For numbers or short facts, use '记住' (remember) or '背' (memorize).

'背' is the casual, everyday version. '背诵' is the formal, complete word. You would use '背' with your friends ('你背了吗？') and '背诵' in an essay or when a teacher is giving a formal instruction.

Very much so. While Western education has moved away from rote memorization, it remains a pillar of Chinese pedagogy, especially for learning classical literature and developing language fluency.

You can say '我背不下来' (wǒ bèi bù xiàlái). This uses the potential complement to show that despite your effort, the information isn't 'staying down' in your memory.

Yes, it can. For example, '背诵是他的强项' (Recitation is his strong point) or '背诵比赛' (Recitation competition).

Yes. '朗诵' implies artistic expression, emotion, and rhythm. '背诵' just implies you remember the words. If you are on stage, you are '朗诵'-ing.

It comes from the tradition of students turning their backs to the teacher and the book so they couldn't cheat during a recitation test.

No. For music, you would use '背谱' (bèipǔ - memorize the score) or '记歌词' (jì gēcí - remember lyrics). '背诵' is specifically for spoken text.

It is a common idiom meaning 'to memorize mechanically without understanding.' It's usually used negatively to criticize students who just memorize for exams.

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