总数 em 30 segundos
- Total number, sum, aggregate.
- Used for the complete quantity of items or people.
- Common in news, business, and everyday life.
- Essential for expressing final counts.
'总数' (zǒng shù) is a fundamental Chinese word that translates directly to 'total number,' 'sum,' or 'aggregate.' It's used to refer to the entire quantity of something when all its parts are combined. Think of it as the grand total you arrive at after counting or adding everything up. This term is incredibly common in everyday life, from simple arithmetic to more complex statistical reporting. You'll encounter it in contexts where you need to express the complete count or amount of items, people, or any quantifiable entity. It signifies completeness and a final, overarching figure.
- Usage Scenarios
- When discussing the total number of students in a school, the total sales for a month, the total cost of an item, or the total population of a city, '总数' is the appropriate term to use. It's a versatile word that can be applied to both countable and uncountable quantities, as long as you are referring to the sum of all elements.
- Example Contexts
- Imagine a teacher reporting on class attendance: '今天的总数是三十个学生。' (Jīntiān de zǒng shù shì sānshí ge xuéshēng. - Today's total number is thirty students.) Or a shopkeeper reviewing sales: '这个月的总数比上个月高。' (Zhège yuè de zǒng shù bǐ shàng ge yuè gāo. - This month's total number is higher than last month's.) In both cases, '总数' clearly indicates the complete quantity being discussed.
今天的总数是三十个学生。
这个月的总数比上个月高。
- Everyday Relevance
- You'll hear '总数' in news reports about statistics, in business meetings discussing figures, in classrooms when summing up results, and even in casual conversations about the number of people attending an event. Its prevalence makes it an essential vocabulary item for anyone learning Chinese.
我们来计算一下这次活动的参加者的总数。
Using '总数' (zǒng shù) in sentences is quite straightforward once you understand its meaning as 'total number' or 'sum.' It typically functions as a noun and often appears after a quantifier or a descriptive phrase that indicates what is being totaled. The structure often involves specifying what the total refers to, followed by '总数'.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- A common pattern is: [What is being totaled] + 的 (de) + 总数 + 是 (shì) / 是 (shì) + [The number]. Alternatively, you can say: [The number] + 是 (shì) + [What is being totaled] + 的 + 总数.
- Examples with Quantities
- '这本书的总数是三百页。' (Zhè běn shū de zǒng shù shì sānbǎi yè. - The total number of pages in this book is three hundred.)
- '这次会议的总人数是五十人。' (Zhè cì huìyì de zǒng rénshù shì wǔshí rén. - The total number of people at this meeting is fifty.)
- '我们商店的总销售额达到了十万元。' (Wǒmen shāngdiàn de zǒng xiāoshòu'é dádào le shí wàn yuán. - Our store's total sales reached one hundred thousand yuan.)
这本书的总数是三百页。
- Using '总数' as a Subject
- '总数' can also be the subject of a sentence, often followed by a verb or adjective that describes the total. For instance: '总数超过了一千。' (Zǒng shù chāoguò le yīqiān. - The total number exceeded one thousand.)
总数超过了一千。
- Comparison and Context
- You can also use it in comparative sentences: '今年游客的总数比去年少。' (Jīnnián yóukè de zǒng shù bǐ qùnián shǎo. - This year's total number of tourists is less than last year's.) This shows how '总数' can be integrated into more complex grammatical structures.
今年游客的总数比去年少。
'总数' (zǒng shù) is a word you'll hear in a wide variety of real-world situations, reflecting its commonality in everyday Chinese. Its usage spans from formal reporting to casual conversation, making it a staple in a learner's vocabulary.
- News and Media
- News reports frequently use '总数' when discussing statistics, such as the total number of participants in an event, the total number of cases of a disease, or the total economic output. For example, a news anchor might say: '昨天报告的新增病例的总数是五百例。' (Zuótiān bàogào de xīnzēng bìnglì de zǒng shù shì wǔbǎi lì. - The total number of new cases reported yesterday is five hundred.)
昨天报告的新增病例的总数是五百例。
- Business and Finance
- In business settings, '总数' is used to refer to total revenue, total expenses, total inventory, or the total number of employees. A manager might say to their team: '本季度的总数销售额超出了我们的预期。' (Běn jìdù de zǒng shù xiāoshòu'é chāochū le wǒmen de yùqī. - This quarter's total sales revenue exceeded our expectations.)
本季度的总数销售额超出了我们的预期。
- Education and Academia
- In schools, teachers use '总数' to talk about the total number of students in a class, the total score on an exam, or the total number of homework assignments. A teacher might announce: '这次考试的总数分是100分。' (Zhè cì kǎoshì de zǒng shù fēn shì 100 fēn. - The total score for this exam is 100 points.)
这次考试的总数分是100分。
- Everyday Conversations
- Even in casual conversations, '总数' comes up. For example, when discussing the number of people invited to a party: '我们邀请了三十个人，但总数可能只有二十人会来。' (Wǒmen yāoqǐng le sānshí ge rén, dàn zǒng shù kěnéng zhǐyǒu èrshí rén huì lái. - We invited thirty people, but the total number who might come is twenty.)
我们邀请了三十个人，但总数可能只有二十人会来。
While '总数' (zǒng shù) is a relatively straightforward word, learners can sometimes make mistakes in its application. These errors often stem from confusion with similar concepts or incorrect grammatical placement.
- Confusing '总数' with Specific Quantities
- Mistake: Using '总数' when referring to a specific part of a whole, or when a more precise term is needed. For example, saying '这个总数是十个' (Zhège zǒng shù shì shí ge - This total is ten) when you mean '这堆东西的总数是十个' (Zhè duī dōngxi de zǒng shù shì shí ge - The total number of items in this pile is ten). '总数' implies the entirety, not just a segment.
- Correct Usage:
- Ensure that '总数' refers to the complete sum. If you are talking about a specific quantity within a larger group, use a more descriptive phrase. For instance, if you have 10 red apples and 5 green apples, the total number of apples is 15 ('总数是十五个'). You wouldn't say '红苹果的总数是十个' if you are referring to just the red ones; you'd say '红苹果有十个' (Hóng píngguǒ yǒu shí ge - There are ten red apples).
Mistake: 今天总数来了五十人。
Correct: 今天来的总人数是五十人。
- Incorrect Placement of '总数'
- Mistake: Placing '总数' in a position where it disrupts the natural flow of the sentence or misrepresents the intended meaning. For example, saying '总数我的书有五本' (Zǒng shù wǒ de shū yǒu wǔ běn - Total my books have five volumes) is grammatically awkward.
- Correct Usage:
- Typically, '总数' functions as a noun phrase, often modified by '的' (de) to indicate what it refers to. The most natural placement is usually after the noun it quantifies or as the subject of the sentence. Correct: '我的书的总数是五本。' (Wǒ de shū de zǒng shù shì wǔ běn. - The total number of my books is five.) or '总数是五本。' (Zǒng shù shì wǔ běn. - The total is five volumes.)
Mistake: 我总数吃了三个苹果。
Correct: 我吃了三个苹果，这是今天的总数。
- Overusing '总数'
- Mistake: Using '总数' in situations where a simpler word or phrase would be more natural or where the concept of 'total' isn't the primary focus. For instance, if you're just talking about having one apple, saying '我的总数是一个苹果' is unnecessarily complex.
- Correct Usage:
- Use '总数' when you specifically need to emphasize the aggregate or the sum of multiple items. If you're simply stating a quantity, use the number directly. For example, if you bought five items, you'd say '我买了五个东西' (Wǒ mǎi le wǔ ge dōngxi - I bought five things), not '我的总数是五个东西' unless you were comparing it to a previous total or a different category.
Mistake: 这个总数很好吃。
Correct: 这些总数加起来味道很好。
In Chinese, there are several words and phrases that can be used to express the idea of a total or sum. Understanding their nuances helps in choosing the most appropriate term for a given context. '总数' (zǒng shù) is a general term, but other words offer more specific meanings or registers.
- 总和 (zǒng hé)
- Meaning: Sum, total (often used in mathematical contexts or for abstract totals).
- Comparison:
- '总和' is very similar to '总数' but leans more towards mathematical operations or abstract sums. While '总数' can refer to the count of discrete items, '总和' is often used for the result of an addition or a combined value. For example, '1加1的总和是2' (Yī jiā yī de zǒng hé shì èr - The sum of 1 plus 1 is 2). '总数' could be used for the total number of students, while '总和' might be used for the total score achieved by those students.
1加1的总和是2。
- 总计 (zǒng jì)
- Meaning: Total, sum (often used in accounting, billing, or when summarizing figures).
- Comparison:
- '总计' is commonly found on invoices, receipts, and financial statements. It signifies the final amount after all calculations. For example, '您的购物总计是150元。' (Nín de gòuwù zǒng jì shì 150 yuán. - Your shopping total is 150 yuan.) While '总数' can be used for people or items, '总计' is more focused on monetary or numerical totals derived from calculations.
您的购物总计是150元。
- 一共 (yī gòng)
- Meaning: In total, altogether (often used adverbially or as a simple way to state a total).
- Comparison:
- '一共' is a very common and often simpler way to express a total. It can function as an adverb modifying a verb or as part of a noun phrase. For example, '这一共多少钱？' (Zhè yī gòng duōshao qián? - How much is this in total?) or '我一共买了三个。' (Wǒ yī gòng mǎi le sān ge. - I bought three in total.) '一共' is more conversational and less formal than '总数' or '总计' when used in certain contexts.
这 एकूण多少钱？
- 总额 (zǒng é)
- Meaning: Total amount, aggregate sum (often used for financial amounts or large quantities).
- Comparison:
- '总额' is very similar to '总计' but can also refer to the total amount of something abstract, like the total value of an investment or the total volume of production. For instance, '项目的总额是多少？' (Xiàngmù de zǒng é shì duōshao? - What is the total amount for the project?) While '总数' focuses on count, '总额' focuses on the magnitude of an amount.
项目的总额是多少？
Exemplos por nível
有几个学生？
How many students are there?
Simple question about quantity.
苹果总数是十个。
The total number of apples is ten.
Using '总数' to state a total.
这本书有多少页？
How many pages does this book have?
Asking about the total pages.
书的总数是三十页。
The total number of pages in the book is thirty.
Stating the total page count.
有多少人？
How many people are there?
Asking for the total number of people.
总数是二十人。
The total number is twenty people.
Giving the total count of people.
这个多少钱？
How much is this?
Asking for the price.
总数是一百元。
The total amount is one hundred yuan.
Stating the total cost.
今天的总数是多少？
What is today's total number?
Asking for the day's total.
这个月的总数比上个月高。
This month's total is higher than last month's.
Comparing totals.
请告诉我参加者的总数。
Please tell me the total number of participants.
Requesting the total count.
我们计算了所有物品的总数。
We calculated the total number of all items.
Indicating a calculation of the total.
这个项目的总数是多少？
What is the total number for this project?
Inquiring about the project's total.
总数超过了五百。
The total number exceeded five hundred.
Describing a total that surpassed a number.
学生总数是五十人。
The total number of students is fifty.
Stating the total number of students.
这些钱的总数是多少？
What is the total amount of this money?
Asking for the total sum of money.
根据报告，去年游客的总数创下了新高。
According to the report, last year's total number of tourists reached a new high.
Using '总数' in a more formal context with comparative data.
我们需要统计一下这次活动的报名总数。
We need to tally the total number of registrations for this event.
Expressing the need to count a total for a specific purpose.
这次的生产总数比预期的要少。
This production's total number is less than expected.
Comparing a total quantity to expectations.
请提供所有费用的总数。
Please provide the total sum of all expenses.
Requesting a comprehensive total, often financial.
他计算的错误导致了总数不准确。
His calculation error resulted in an inaccurate total.
Discussing the accuracy of a total due to errors.
这本书的总数页数是四百页。
The total number of pages in this book is four hundred.
Specifying the total count of pages.
这次会议的与会者总数达到了一百五十人。
The total number of attendees at this meeting reached one hundred and fifty.
Reporting the total number of participants in a formal setting.
我们必须确保最终的总数是正确的。
We must ensure that the final total is correct.
Emphasizing the importance of an accurate final total.
该公司发布的季度报告显示，其产品销售的总数较去年同期增长了15%。
The company's quarterly report shows that the total number of its product sales increased by 15% compared to the same period last year.
Using '总数' in a formal business context with statistical data.
在对所有捐款进行汇总后，我们发现此次慈善活动的募捐总数远远超出了预期。
After summing up all the donations, we found that the total amount raised in this charity event far exceeded expectations.
Discussing a financial total from a large event.
分析显示，该地区的人口总数在过去十年中呈现出稳步增长的趋势。
Analysis shows that the total population of the region has shown a steady growth trend over the past decade.
Using '总数' in a demographic or statistical analysis.
为了确保数据的准确性，我们需要仔细核对每一个项目的总数。
To ensure data accuracy, we need to carefully verify the total for each item.
Emphasizing the importance of accurate verification of totals.
尽管面临诸多挑战，但该团队在项目结束时的交付总数仍然令人印象深刻。
Despite facing many challenges, the total number of deliverables from the team at the end of the project remains impressive.
Describing a total output in a project management context.
政府统计部门公布了今年第一季度的国内生产总值（GDP）的总数。
The government statistics department announced the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the first quarter of this year.
Using '总数' in an official economic report.
在本次调查中，回收的问卷总数达到了预期的90%。
In this survey, the total number of questionnaires recovered reached 90% of the expected amount.
Quantifying the results of a survey.
通过整合所有部门的数据，我们可以得到一个准确的公司运营总数。
By integrating data from all departments, we can obtain an accurate total of the company's operations.
Describing the aggregation of data to find an overall total.
该研究的目的是量化环境污染对当地生态系统健康的影响，并估计其累积的总数。
The purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of environmental pollution on the health of the local ecosystem and estimate its cumulative total.
Using '总数' in an academic context, referring to a cumulative or aggregate impact.
在评估项目的长期效益时，我们必须考虑所有潜在的成本以及它们可能产生的总数。
When evaluating the long-term benefits of a project, we must consider all potential costs and their possible total impact.
Discussing a projected total impact, considering various factors.
历史文献中关于此次战役的伤亡总数记载不一，需要进一步考证。
The records of the total number of casualties for this battle in historical documents vary, requiring further verification.
Referring to a historical total that is subject to interpretation or discrepancy.
该公司的年度财务报告详细列出了各项收入和支出，并最终得出了公司的盈利总数。
The company's annual financial report details various incomes and expenditures, ultimately arriving at the company's total profit.
Using '总数' in a formal financial reporting context, referring to a net result.
通过对海量数据的分析，科学家们得以揭示出宇宙中星系的形成速率及其总数。
Through the analysis of massive data, scientists were able to reveal the rate of galaxy formation in the universe and their total number.
Discussing a grand total in a scientific or cosmological context.
尽管存在一些零星的冲突，但整体而言，该地区的和平时期人口流动总数并未发生显著变化。
Despite some sporadic conflicts, overall, the total number of population movements during the peaceful period in the region has not changed significantly.
Analyzing a total figure in the context of fluctuations and overall trends.
在对历年来的犯罪率进行统计分析后，我们发现某些特定类型犯罪的总数呈现出周期性波动的规律。
After statistical analysis of crime rates over the years, we found that the total number of certain specific types of crimes shows a pattern of cyclical fluctuations.
Identifying patterns in the total number of specific occurrences.
为了评估其对环境的综合影响，我们需要对所有排放源产生的污染物总数进行精确计算。
To assess its overall environmental impact, we need to accurately calculate the total amount of pollutants generated by all emission sources.
Quantifying a total impact in environmental science.
该城市在过去五年中实施了一系列旨在控制人口增长的政策，然而，其总数并未如预期般显著下降。
The city implemented a series of policies aimed at controlling population growth over the past five years; however, its total number did not decrease significantly as expected.
Discussing a total number in relation to policy outcomes and expectations.
对古代文明遗址的发掘表明，当时社会生产力所能达到的总数是有限的，这制约了其发展规模。
Excavations of ancient civilization sites indicate that the total productive capacity achievable by society at that time was limited, which constrained the scale of its development.
Using '总数' in a historical or archaeological context to describe limitations.
尽管面临着巨大的市场竞争，这家初创企业凭借其创新的商业模式，在成立的第三年就实现了用户总数百万级的突破。
Despite facing immense market competition, this startup company, with its innovative business model, achieved a breakthrough of millions in its total user base in its third year of establishment.
Describing a significant total achievement in a business context.
科学家们正在研究宇宙膨胀的速率，并试图精确估算可观测宇宙中物质的总数。
Scientists are studying the rate of cosmic expansion and attempting to accurately estimate the total amount of matter in the observable universe.
Discussing a vast, theoretical total in cosmology.
在分析全球气候变化数据时，我们必须考虑所有导致温室气体排放的因素，并计算其累积的总数。
When analyzing global climate change data, we must consider all factors contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and calculate their cumulative total.
Quantifying a cumulative total in a complex environmental study.
该文学作品通过描绘不同人物的命运，深刻地反映了那个时代社会底层人民的生存总数。
Through depicting the fates of various characters, this literary work profoundly reflects the total number of people living at the bottom of society during that era.
Using '总数' in a literary or sociological context to represent a collective experience.
对于历史事件的评价，往往需要综合考虑所有参与者的动机、行为及其最终造成的总数影响。
The evaluation of historical events often requires a comprehensive consideration of all participants' motives, actions, and their ultimate total impact.
Discussing a multifaceted total impact of historical events.
在进行大规模城市规划时，必须精确估算未来人口增长的趋势，并将其总数纳入考量。
When undertaking large-scale urban planning, it is essential to accurately estimate future population growth trends and incorporate their total number into consideration.
Applying '总数' in strategic planning for future developments.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— What is the total number?
请问，这次活动的参加者总数是多少？ (Excuse me, what is the total number of participants for this event?)
— The total number is [number].
今天来参观博物馆的总数是五百人。 (The total number of visitors to the museum today is five hundred.)
— The total number is [adjective] than [something].
今年夏天游客的总数比去年少。 (This summer's total number of tourists is less than last year's.)
— Add to the total.
如果我们再加一个，总数是多少？ (If we add one more, what will the total be?)
— The total has exceeded.
报告显示，去年的销售总数已经超过了预期。 (The report shows that last year's total sales have already exceeded expectations.)
— Reach the total.
我们希望能尽快达到预设的总数。 (We hope to reach the set total as soon as possible.)
— Calculate the total.
我们需要仔细计算这次活动的费用总数。 (We need to carefully calculat
Summary
The Chinese word '总数' (zǒng shù) means 'total number' or 'sum.' It's used to refer to the complete quantity of something after all its parts are combined. You'll hear it frequently when discussing statistics, sales figures, populations, or any situation where a grand total is needed.
- Total number, sum, aggregate.
- Used for the complete quantity of items or people.
- Common in news, business, and everyday life.
- Essential for expressing final counts.
Exemplo
学生总数是五百人。
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本事
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相应地
B1Correspondentemente / em conformidade. Usado para mostrar que uma ação é proporcional a uma mudança anterior.
账号
A2Um número de conta ou nome de usuário usado para acessar serviços bancários ou online.
客户经理
A2Um gerente de contas que cuida do relacionamento com os clientes.
账户
B1A record of financial transactions for an individual or business, usually at a bank; or a user profile for a digital service.
会计
A2Um contador é alguém que cuida dos registros financeiros.
收购
B1Adquirir ou comprar uma empresa.
商业活动
A2Business activity.
广告费
A2Custos de publicidade. O dinheiro gasto em anúncios para atrair clientes.
调整
B1Precisamos ajustar nossa estratégia de marketing para o próximo trimestre.
