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A2 noun #2,000 最常用 7分钟阅读

der Sonntag

At the A1 level, you learn 'Sonntag' as one of the seven days of the week. You should know that it is masculine (der Sonntag) and used with 'am'. You learn to say simple things like 'Am Sonntag habe ich frei' (On Sunday I am free) or 'Der Sonntag ist schön'. You also learn that shops are closed. The focus is on basic scheduling and identifying the day in a calendar.
At A2, you expand your use of 'Sonntag' to describe routines and hobbies. You start using the adverb 'sonntags' to talk about things you do every week, like 'Sonntags gehe ich ins Kino'. You also learn compound words like 'Sonntagsfrühstück'. You can understand simple weather reports for the weekend and can make plans with friends using the accusative: 'Hast du diesen Sonntag Zeit?'
By B1, you understand the cultural significance of 'Sonntag' in Germany. You can discuss the 'Sonntagsruhe' and express opinions about shops being closed. You use more complex grammar, such as 'trotz des Sonntags' (despite it being Sunday) or 'während des Sonntags'. You are familiar with common idioms and can describe a typical German Sunday in detail, including social norms regarding noise and family visits.
At B2, you can handle abstract discussions involving 'Sonntag', such as the economic impact of 'ladenschlussfreie Sonntage' (Sundays without closing laws). You understand the nuances of 'Sonntagsreden' (hollow speeches by politicians). You can use the word in formal writing and understand its role in legal texts (e.g., labor laws). Your vocabulary includes specific terms like 'Sonntagszuschlag' and 'Sonntagsfahrverbot'.
At C1, you appreciate the historical and religious etymology of 'Sonntag' and its evolution in modern secular society. You can follow complex debates about the 'Schutz des Sonntags' (protection of Sunday) in the constitutional court. You use the word with stylistic flair, perhaps using literary references or archaic forms in specific contexts. You understand the subtle irony in phrases like 'Sonntagsjäger'.
At C2, you have a near-native grasp of all connotations of 'Sonntag'. You can analyze the word's role in German literature and philosophy (e.g., the concept of 'Sonntagsstimmung'). You understand regional variations and dialectal influences. You can navigate the most complex legal and social discussions regarding Sunday labor and the 'Verfassungsmäßigkeit' (constitutionality) of Sunday restrictions with ease.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

der Sonntag 30秒了解

  • Sonntag is the 7th day of the week, masculine (der), and always capitalized.
  • In Germany, it is a 'Ruhetag' (day of rest) with strictly closed shops.
  • Use the preposition 'am' for specific Sundays and 'sonntags' for habits.
  • It is culturally associated with family, walks, and the TV show 'Tatort'.

Der Sonntag is more than just a day of the week in German culture; it is a legally protected institution of rest. Derived from the Old High German sunnuntag, it literally translates to the 'Day of the Sun'. In the German-speaking world, Sonntag represents the culmination of the week, characterized by the Sonntagsruhe (Sunday rest), where most retail businesses are closed by law. This creates a unique social atmosphere where the focus shifts from productivity and consumption to family, nature, and relaxation.

Grammatical Gender
Masculine (der Sonntag). All days of the week in German are masculine.
Plural Form
Die Sonntage. Used when referring to recurring events or habits over multiple Sundays.
Temporal Preposition
Used with 'am' (an + dem). Example: 'Am Sonntag gehe ich spazieren.'

"Der Sonntag ist der Tag, an dem man die Seele baumeln lässt." (Sunday is the day to let your soul dangle/relax.)

In a linguistic sense, 'Sonntag' functions as a temporal noun. It can be modified by adjectives like 'sonnig' (sunny), 'verregnet' (rainy), or 'entspannt' (relaxed). When used as an adverb to describe something that happens every Sunday, it becomes 'sonntags' (lowercase, with an -s suffix). Understanding 'Sonntag' requires an appreciation of the 'Ruhetag' concept—a day where noise is discouraged and the pace of life slows down significantly.

Ich besuche meine Großeltern jeden Sonntag.

The word also appears in compound nouns that define German life, such as Sonntagsbraten (Sunday roast) or Sonntagsfahrer (Sunday driver—someone who drives slowly and perhaps poorly because they only drive on weekends). It carries a connotation of 'specialness' or 'best behavior', as seen in the phrase sich in den Sonntagsstaat werfen (to put on one's Sunday best).

Synonyms in Context
Wochenende (Weekend - though Sunday is only part of it), Feiertag (Holiday - Sundays are treated legally like holidays).

Ein schöner Sonntag beginnt mit einem langen Frühstück.

Historically, the Christian influence shaped the Sunday as a day of worship. While secularization has changed habits, the legal framework (Grundgesetz Article 140) still protects the Sunday as a day of 'spiritual elevation'. This means no loud gardening, no vacuuming in apartments if neighbors complain, and no heavy truck traffic on the Autobahn. It is the ultimate 'quiet day'.

Am Sonntag sind alle Geschäfte geschlossen.

Common Collocations
Nächster Sonntag, letzter Sonntag, verkaufsoffener Sonntag (a rare Sunday where shops are allowed to open).

Wir freuen uns auf den kommenden Sonntag.

Using 'Sonntag' correctly involves mastering its grammatical role as a masculine noun and its temporal application. In German, time expressions usually follow the 'TeKaMoLo' rule (Temporal, Causal, Modal, Local). 'Sonntag' often sits at the beginning of this chain. To say 'on Sunday', you must use the contraction am (an + dem). For example, 'Am Sonntag schlafe ich lang' (On Sunday I sleep late). If you want to express a recurring action, you use the adverbial form sonntags: 'Sonntags gehen wir wandern' (On Sundays we go hiking).

When 'Sonntag' is the subject of a sentence, it takes the nominative case: 'Der Sonntag war sehr erholsam.' If it is the direct object, it stays 'den Sonntag' in the accusative: 'Ich genieße den Sonntag.' For possessive contexts, the genitive is 'des Sonntags', though this is often replaced by 'vom Sonntag' in spoken German. Adjectives preceding 'Sonntag' must follow masculine declension rules: 'einen schönen Sonntag', 'der freie Sonntag'.

In professional settings, 'Sonntag' is rarely a workday unless you are in the service, medical, or emergency sectors. If you are working, you might receive a Sonntagszuschlag (Sunday bonus pay). In casual conversation, asking about Sunday plans is a standard social lubricant: 'Was hast du am Sonntag vor?' (What are you doing on Sunday?). It is also common to wish someone a 'Schönen Sonntag noch!' as a parting phrase starting from Friday afternoon through Sunday itself.

Compound words are a vital part of using 'Sonntag' like a native. A Sonntagskind is a 'Sunday child', traditionally thought to be lucky. A Sonntagsausflug is a Sunday excursion, typically to a forest, lake, or castle. Mastering these compounds shows a higher level of fluency and cultural integration. Remember that 'Sonntag' is capitalized, but 'sonntags' (the adverb) is not, unless it starts a sentence.

You will hear 'Sonntag' in almost every facet of German life. On the news, you'll hear about Sonntagsfragen—political polls asking who citizens would vote for if the election were 'this Sunday'. In the neighborhood, you'll hear it in the context of the Sonntagsruhe, perhaps as a gentle (or not-so-gentle) reminder from a neighbor if you decide to mow your lawn. At the bakery on a Sunday morning (one of the few places open), you'll hear people ordering Sonntagsbrötchen.

In media, the long-running crime series Tatort is synonymous with Sunday evenings at 8:15 PM. Millions of Germans watch it religiously, making 'Tatort-Sonntag' a cultural staple. On the radio, weather forecasts will highlight the 'Sonntagswetter' to help people plan their outdoor activities. In religious contexts, church bells ringing across towns and cities are the acoustic hallmark of the German Sunday morning.

In travel and logistics, you'll hear announcements about Sonntagsfahrpläne (Sunday schedules), which are usually less frequent than weekday schedules. If you are at a train station, you might hear about the Wochenende-Ticket or specific Sunday restrictions. Even in sports, 'der Bundesliga-Sonntag' refers to the specific matches played on that day, often discussed extensively in Monday morning office talk.

One of the most frequent mistakes for English speakers is using the wrong preposition. In English, we say 'on Sunday', but in German, you must use am. Using 'auf Sonntag' or 'in Sonntag' is a direct translation error. Another common pitfall is the confusion between the noun 'Sonntag' and the adverb 'sonntags'. If you say 'Ich arbeite Sonntag', it's grammatically acceptable but sounds slightly incomplete compared to 'Ich arbeite am Sonntag' (this specific Sunday) or 'Ich arbeite sonntags' (every Sunday).

Capitalization is another hurdle. In German, all nouns are capitalized. Therefore, 'Sonntag' must always start with a capital letter. However, when it becomes an adverb ('sonntags'), it is lowercase. Learners often forget this distinction. Additionally, gender confusion is common; remember that all days of the week are masculine (der Montag, der Dienstag... der Sonntag). Using 'die' or 'das' with Sonntag is a clear marker of a beginner.

Finally, learners often underestimate the cultural weight of the Sonntagsruhe. Thinking you can 'just quickly' do some loud DIY work or run a loud washing machine in an old apartment building on a Sunday can lead to social friction. It's not just a word; it's a set of behaviors. Mistaking Sunday for a regular shopping day is the most practical 'mistake' foreigners make in Germany, often resulting in an empty fridge on Sunday evening.

While 'Sonntag' is unique, it shares semantic space with other temporal terms. Das Wochenende (the weekend) encompasses both Saturday (Samstag/Sonnabend) and Sunday. Der Feiertag (the public holiday) is the closest legal equivalent to a Sunday, as shops are closed and work is restricted. Der Ruhetag (day of rest) is a broader term that can apply to any day a business is closed, but it is most strongly associated with Sunday.

In terms of 'sun' related words, der Sonnenschein (sunshine) and sonnig (sunny) are obviously related etymologically. Die Sonnenwende (solstice) also shares the root. From a religious perspective, der Sabbat (Sabbath) is the theological ancestor of the Sunday rest, though in German, 'Sabbat' specifically refers to the Jewish day of rest (Saturday).

Contrasting 'Sonntag' with der Werktag (working day) or der Alltag (everyday life/weekday) helps define its boundaries. Sunday is the antithesis of the 'Alltag'. It is a 'Feiertag' in the sense of being a day set apart. Even the word die Freizeit (free time) is heavily concentrated on this day for the majority of the population.

How Formal Is It?

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俚语

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难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

Heute ist Sonntag.

Today is Sunday.

Nominative case.

2

Am Sonntag schlafe ich.

On Sunday I sleep.

Preposition 'am'.

3

Ist am Sonntag die Schule zu?

Is the school closed on Sunday?

Question structure.

4

Ich mag den Sonntag.

I like Sunday.

Accusative case.

5

Der Sonntag ist der siebte Tag.

Sunday is the seventh day.

Ordinal numbers.

6

Am Sonntag trinke ich Kaffee.

On Sunday I drink coffee.

Verb in second position.

7

Kommst du am Sonntag?

Are you coming on Sunday?

Inversion for question.

8

Sonntag ist mein Lieblingstag.

Sunday is my favorite day.

Compound noun 'Lieblingstag'.

1

Sonntags gehen wir oft spazieren.

On Sundays we often go for a walk.

Adverb 'sonntags'.

2

Was machst du diesen Sonntag?

What are you doing this Sunday?

Demonstrative pronoun 'diesen'.

3

Ich habe am Sonntag meine Oma besucht.

I visited my grandma on Sunday.

Perfekt tense.

4

Am Sonntag sind die Geschäfte geschlossen.

On Sunday the shops are closed.

Passive-like state.

5

Wir frühstücken am Sonntag lange.

We have a long breakfast on Sunday.

Temporal adverb 'lange'.

6

Der nächste Sonntag ist ein Feiertag.

Next Sunday is a holiday.

Adjective declension.

7

Ich brauche für Sonntag ein Geschenk.

I need a gift for Sunday.

Preposition 'für' + accusative.

8

Sonntags arbeite ich nie.

I never work on Sundays.

Negation 'nie'.

1

In Deutschland ist die Sonntagsruhe gesetzlich geschützt.

In Germany, Sunday rest is protected by law.

Passive voice / Adverbial usage.

2

Wenn es am Sonntag regnet, bleiben wir zu Hause.

If it rains on Sunday, we stay at home.

Conditional clause.

3

Ich genieße die Ruhe des Sonntags.

I enjoy the peace of Sunday.

Genitive case.

4

Hast du Lust auf einen Sonntagsausflug?

Do you feel like a Sunday excursion?

Compound noun.

5

Obwohl es Sonntag war, musste er arbeiten.

Although it was Sunday, he had to work.

Concession clause 'obwohl'.

6

Sonntags abends schauen viele Deutsche 'Tatort'.

On Sunday evenings, many Germans watch 'Tatort'.

Time combination 'Sonntags abends'.

7

Man sollte am Sonntag keinen Lärm machen.

One should not make noise on Sunday.

Modal verb 'sollte'.

8

Das ist mein typisches Sonntagsfrühstück.

That is my typical Sunday breakfast.

Possessive pronoun.

1

Die Gewerkschaften kämpfen für den Erhalt des freien Sonntags.

The unions are fighting for the preservation of the free Sunday.

Prepositional object 'für den Erhalt'.

2

Er hielt wieder eine seiner typischen Sonntagsreden.

He gave another one of his typical hollow Sunday speeches.

Idiomatic usage.

3

Wegen des Sonntagsfahrverbots sind weniger LKWs auf der Autobahn.

Because of the Sunday driving ban, there are fewer trucks on the highway.

Genitive after 'wegen'.

4

Ein verkaufsoffener Sonntag lockt viele Menschen in die Stadt.

A shopping Sunday attracts many people to the city.

Participle as adjective.

5

Wir sollten den Sonntag nutzen, um uns zu erholen.

We should use Sunday to recover.

Infinitiv mit 'zu'.

6

Die Sonntagsbeilage der Zeitung ist besonders dick.

The Sunday supplement of the newspaper is particularly thick.

Compound noun.

7

Es ist fraglich, ob der Sonntag seine Bedeutung verliert.

It is questionable whether Sunday is losing its significance.

Indirect question with 'ob'.

8

Sonntagszuschläge sind für viele Arbeitnehmer attraktiv.

Sunday bonuses are attractive for many employees.

Plural compound noun.

1

Die Sakralität des Sonntags ist tief in der europäischen Kultur verwurzelt.

The sacredness of Sunday is deeply rooted in European culture.

Abstract noun usage.

2

In der Sonntagsfrage spiegelt sich die aktuelle politische Stimmung wider.

The current political mood is reflected in the Sunday poll.

Reflexive verb 'sich widerspiegeln'.

3

Er ist ein klassisches Sonntagskind, dem alles im Leben gelingt.

He is a classic Sunday child, who succeeds in everything in life.

Relative clause.

4

Die Ruhe des Sonntags wird oft als wohltuender Kontrast zum hektischen Alltag empfunden.

The peace of Sunday is often perceived as a beneficial contrast to hectic everyday life.

Passive voice.

5

Mancherorts wird das Tanzverbot an stillen Sonntagen streng überwacht.

In some places, the dancing ban on quiet Sundays is strictly monitored.

Adverb 'mancherorts'.

6

Die Verfassung garantiert den Sonntag als Tag der Arbeitsruhe und der seelischen Erhebung.

The constitution guarantees Sunday as a day of rest from work and spiritual elevation.

Formal legal language.

7

Trotz der Säkularisierung bleibt der Sonntag ein kollektiver Fixpunkt.

Despite secularization, Sunday remains a collective fixed point.

Preposition 'trotz' + genitive.

8

Die Sonntagsjäger sind bei den professionellen Förstern nicht immer beliebt.

The Sunday hunters (amateurs) are not always popular with professional foresters.

Metaphorical usage.

1

Die ontologische Qualität des Sonntags entzieht sich einer rein ökonomischen Betrachtung.

The ontological quality of Sunday eludes a purely economic consideration.

Highly academic register.

2

In seinem Essay thematisiert er die Erosion des Sonntags in der Postmoderne.

In his essay, he addresses the erosion of Sunday in postmodernity.

Sophisticated verb 'thematisieren'.

3

Das Phänomen der Sonntagsneurose beschreibt die Angst vor der Leere des arbeitsfreien Tages.

The phenomenon of Sunday neurosis describes the fear of the emptiness of the work-free day.

Psychological terminology.

4

Die Sonntagsruhe fungiert als kulturelles Korrektiv zum Primat der Effizienz.

Sunday rest functions as a cultural corrective to the primacy of efficiency.

Metaphorical language.

5

Er kleidete seine Kritik in eine wohlfeile Sonntagsrede.

He cloaked his criticism in a cheap Sunday speech.

Idiomatic/Literary.

6

Die dialektische Spannung zwischen Sonntagsheiligung und Konsumbedürfnis bleibt ungelöst.

The dialectical tension between hallowing Sunday and the need for consumption remains unresolved.

Complex noun phrases.

7

Jenseits der religiösen Konnotationen bewahrt der Sonntag eine zivilisatorische Schutzfunktion.

Beyond religious connotations, Sunday preserves a civilizing protective function.

Preposition 'jenseits'.

8

Die Agonie des traditionellen Sonntags ist ein Topos der zeitgenössischen Soziologie.

The agony of the traditional Sunday is a topos of contemporary sociology.

Greek-derived academic terms.

常见搭配

Am Sonntag
Jeden Sonntag
Nächsten Sonntag
Verkaufsoffener Sonntag
Sonntags frei haben
Ein sonniger Sonntag
Der kommende Sonntag
Sonntagsruhe einhalten
Sonntagsbrötchen holen
Einen schönen Sonntag wünschen

常用短语

Schönen Sonntag noch!

Bis Sonntag!

Am Sonntag ist Ruhetag.

Was machst du am Sonntag?

Sonntags ist alles zu.

Einen gemütlichen Sonntag verbringen.

Sich in den Sonntagsstaat werfen.

Das ist mein freier Sonntag.

Sonntagabend vor dem Fernseher.

Vom Samstag auf den Sonntag.

容易混淆的词

der Sonntag vs Samstag (Saturday - the day before)

der Sonntag vs Sonne (Sun - the star)

der Sonntag vs Sonnig (Sunny - the adjective)

习语与表达

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容易混淆

der Sonntag vs Samstag

der Sonntag vs Sonne

der Sonntag vs Sonnabend

句型

词族

名词

形容词

如何使用

Capitalization

Sonntag (Noun) vs. sonntags (Adverb).

sonntags vs. am Sonntag

Use 'sonntags' for 'every Sunday' and 'am Sonntag' for 'this/next Sunday'.

常见错误

  • English 'on' translates to 'am' for days.

  • All days of the week are masculine.

  • Shops are closed!

  • Nouns must be capitalized.

  • The verb must be in the second position.

小贴士

Buy Groceries Early

Make sure to buy your food on Saturday. If you forget, you will have to pay higher prices at a gas station or wait until Monday.

Preposition Rule

Always use 'am' for days of the week. 'Ich komme am Sonntag' is the only correct way.

Keep it Quiet

Sunday is for resting. Avoid loud DIY projects or vacuuming if you have sensitive neighbors.

Adverbial 's'

Add an 's' to make it a habit: sonntags, montags, dienstags...

Watch Tatort

If you want to talk to Germans on Monday, watch 'Tatort' on Sunday night.

Kaffee und Kuchen

Sunday afternoon is the prime time for cake. Many cafes are very busy then.

Check Schedules

Buses and trains run less often on Sundays. Always check the 'Sonn- und Feiertags' schedule.

Weekend Parting

From Friday afternoon, you can say 'Schönes Wochenende!'. On Sunday, say 'Schönen Sonntag noch!'.

Compound Words

Learn words like Sonntagsausflug or Sonntagsbrunch to sound more native.

Sonntagskind

If someone calls you a 'Sonntagskind', take it as a compliment—they think you are lucky!

记住它

词源

Old High German 'sunnuntag'

文化背景

The crime series that defines Sunday night TV.

The social and legal expectation of quiet.

The traditional Sunday afternoon meal.

The law that keeps shops closed on Sundays.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"Was hast du am Sonntag schönes gemacht?"

"Gehen wir am Sonntag zusammen wandern?"

"Hast du schon Pläne für den nächsten Sonntag?"

"Welcher Tatort kommt diesen Sonntag?"

"Magst du den Sonntag oder findest du ihn langweilig?"

日记主题

Beschreibe deinen perfekten Sonntag.

Was machst du, wenn am Sonntag alle Läden zu sind?

Ist der Sonntag in deinem Land anders als in Deutschland?

Warum ist die Sonntagsruhe wichtig (oder nicht)?

Was hast du letzten Sonntag gegessen?

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, by law, most retail stores are closed. Only bakeries, pharmacies (emergency), and shops in train stations or gas stations are usually open.

In most apartments, yes, but you should avoid using loud machines during 'Ruhezeiten' (rest times) if the building rules are strict.

It is an adverb meaning 'every Sunday' or 'on Sundays'.

It is masculine: der Sonntag.

It is a special Sunday (usually 4 times a year) when shops are allowed to open for a few hours.

You say 'am Sonntag'.

A very popular crime series that airs every Sunday at 20:15.

No, it is generally forbidden due to the 'Sonntagsruhe'.

Common activities include sleeping late, going for walks, visiting family, and eating cake.

It comes from 'Day of the Sun'.

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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