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B2 noun 10分钟阅读

απομεινάρι

a small remaining quantity of something

At the A1 level, you can think of 'απομεινάρι' as 'a small piece that stays.' Even though this is a B2 word, you might see it in simple stories about history or cleaning up. Think of it as 'the part that is left.' For example, if you eat a pizza and one small crust is left on the plate, that is an 'απομεινάρι.' It is a neuter noun, so we say 'το απομεινάρι' (singular) and 'τα απομεινάρια' (plural). You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet, but recognizing it when someone talks about 'old things' or 'scraps' is helpful. Just remember: it is a thing, not a person. It usually comes from something bigger that is now gone. At this level, focus on the physical meaning: a piece of a toy, a piece of food, or a piece of a stone wall.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'απομεινάρι' to describe things you see around you, especially when talking about history or travel. Greece has many 'απομεινάρια' (remnants) of the past. You can use it with simple verbs like 'υπάρχει' (there is) or 'βλέπω' (I see). For example: 'Στο χωριό υπάρχουν απομεινάρια από ένα παλιό σπίτι' (In the village, there are remnants of an old house). You should also learn the plural form 'τα απομεινάρια' because it is used much more often than the singular. It helps you describe the environment more accurately than just saying 'πράγματα' (things). Remember, it's always neuter, and the plural ends in -α. It's a great word to use when you want to sound a little more descriptive about the objects you find in nature or in old cities.
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At the B1 level, you should understand the difference between 'απομεινάρι' and similar words like 'υπόλοιπο' (rest/remainder). You can start using 'απομεινάρι' in more varied contexts, such as describing the aftermath of an event. For instance, 'Μετά το πάρτι, υπήρχαν απομεινάρια παντού' (After the party, there were remnants everywhere). You can also begin to use it in a slightly more abstract way, like 'τα απομεινάρια της ημέρας' (the remnants of the day). You should be comfortable with the genitive case: 'του απομειναριού' and 'των απομειναριών.' This level is about moving beyond just 'physical scraps' to 'traces of events.' You might hear it in news reports or read it in intermediate-level books. It's a word that adds 'flavor' to your descriptions of scenes and situations.
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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should master its metaphorical and emotional nuances. 'Απομεινάρι' is often used to describe things like 'the remnants of hope,' 'the remnants of a civilization,' or 'the remnants of a feeling.' You should understand its poetic value and use it to add depth to your writing. For example, 'Αυτή η φωτογραφία είναι το μοναδικό απομεινάρι της παιδικής μου ηλικίας' (This photo is the sole remnant of my childhood). At this level, you should also distinguish it from 'λείψανο' (relic/remains) and 'κατάλοιπο' (residue). You are expected to use it in the correct register—it's perfect for essays, formal descriptions, and literary analysis. You should also be able to use it with a wide range of adjectives like 'θλιβερό' (sad), 'ένδοξο' (glorious), or 'ασήμαντο' (insignificant).
At the C1 level, you should use 'απομεινάρι' with precision in complex sentence structures. You can employ it to discuss historical continuity, sociological vestiges, or complex psychological states. You might use it in phrases like 'τα απομεινάρια του φεουδαρχισμού' (the remnants of feudalism) or 'τα απομεινάρια μιας ξεπερασμένης ιδεολογίας' (the remnants of an outdated ideology). Your use of the word should reflect an understanding of its subtle connotations—sometimes it implies something useless that should be discarded, and other times it implies something precious that must be preserved. You should also be familiar with its use in high-level literature and academic discourse, where it might be used to critique or analyze the persistence of the past in the present. You can handle the shifting stress in the genitive plural (απομειναριών) without hesitation.
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At the C2 level, 'απομεινάρι' becomes a tool for sophisticated expression. You can use it to evoke specific atmospheres in creative writing or to provide nuanced commentary in philosophical discussions. You might explore the irony of an 'απομεινάρι'—how a small fragment can sometimes carry more meaning than the original whole. You should be able to appreciate and use the word in its most literary forms, perhaps in poetry or high-level journalism, where it might stand as a symbol for human mortality or the transience of power. You understand the historical evolution of the word and can use it alongside its synonyms (κατάλοιπο, υπόλειμμα, ράκος) to create a rich, varied vocabulary. At this level, you don't just know what the word means; you know how to make it resonate with your audience, choosing it specifically for its evocative power and its ability to bridge the gap between the material and the spiritual.
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例句

απομεινάρι 30秒了解

  • A neuter noun meaning 'remnant' or 'vestige.'
  • Used for physical ruins, food scraps, or emotional traces.
  • Commonly found in the plural form: τα απομεινάρια.
  • Essential for discussing history, nostalgia, and cleaning up.

The Greek word απομεινάρι (pronounced a-po-mi-na-ri) is a neuter noun that translates primarily to 'remnant,' 'relic,' 'vestige,' or 'leftover.' At its core, it describes a small part of something that remains after the main part has been used, destroyed, or has passed away with time. It is a word steeped in both physical reality and emotional weight, often used to describe the tangible traces of history or the lingering fragments of a personal experience. Whether you are walking through the ruins of an ancient temple or looking at the scraps of food left on a plate after a large family gathering, the term fits perfectly.

Physical Remnants
In a literal sense, it refers to pieces of an object. For example, the rubble of a demolished building or the crumbs of a cake. In Greek households, you might hear a mother referring to the 'απομεινάρια του φαγητού' (leftovers of the food), though 'περισσεύματα' is also common for food specifically.
Historical and Archaeological Context
Greece is a land of ruins. When Greeks speak of 'αρχαία απομεινάρια,' they are referring to the physical vestiges of the past—broken columns, pottery shards, or old walls. It implies a sense of survival against the passage of time.
Metaphorical and Emotional Use
This is where the word gains its B2-level depth. It can describe the 'remnants of a dream,' the 'vestiges of a feeling,' or the 'scraps of a relationship.' It often carries a melancholic or nostalgic tone, suggesting that what is left is just a shadow of the original whole.

Το κάστρο στην κορυφή του λόφου είναι το τελευταίο απομεινάρι μιας ένδοξης εποχής.

Translation: The castle on the hilltop is the last remnant of a glorious era.

The word is versatile because it spans various registers. In everyday speech, it is common and accessible, yet in literature and poetry, it is used to evoke deep emotions about loss and the persistence of memory. It is derived from the verb απομένω (to remain), which combines the prefix από- (away/off) and the verb μένω (stay). This etymology perfectly captures the essence of something that stays behind while everything else has gone away. When using this word, consider the scale of what is left versus what was lost; an απομεινάρι is usually small, perhaps even insignificant to some, but highly meaningful to those who know its history.

Τα απομεινάρια της φωτιάς κάπνιζαν ακόμα το πρωί.

Translation: The remnants of the fire were still smoking in the morning.

Δεν έμεινε ούτε ένα απομεινάρι από την παλιά μας φιλία.

Translation: Not even a remnant of our old friendship remained.

Μάζεψε τα απομεινάρια του σπασμένου βάζου.

Translation: He gathered the remnants of the broken vase.

Αυτά τα έθιμα είναι απομεινάρια μιας άλλης εποχής.

Translation: These customs are remnants of another era.
Collective vs Individual
Usually, you will find this word in the plural form, 'τα απομεινάρια,' because remnants rarely come in single pieces. When used in the singular, it emphasizes a specific, lonely relic.
Tone
It carries a tone of 'what is left over.' Depending on the context, this can be trash (negative) or a precious artifact (positive/neutral).

Using απομεινάρι correctly involves understanding its declension as a neuter noun ending in -ι, which is one of the most common and predictable patterns in Greek. As a neuter noun, it takes the article το in the singular and τα in the plural. Because it refers to things that remain, it often appears as the object of verbs like 'βλέπω' (see), 'μαζεύω' (collect), or 'βρίσκω' (find), or as the subject of verbs like 'υπάρχω' (exist) or 'μένω' (remain).

The Nominative Case
Used when the remnant is the subject. Example: 'Το απομεινάρι του τείχους στέκεται ακόμα.' (The remnant of the wall still stands.)
The Genitive Case
Used to show possession or origin. Singular: 'του απομειναριού' (of the remnant). Plural: 'των απομειναριών' (of the remnants). Example: 'Η ιστορία αυτού του απομειναριού είναι άγνωστη.' (The history of this remnant is unknown.)
The Accusative Case
Used when the remnant is the object. Example: 'Καθάρισε τα απομεινάρια από το τραπέζι.' (Clean the remnants from the table.)

Παρατήρησε τα απομεινάρια του αρχαίου ναού με προσοχή.

Translation: He observed the remnants of the ancient temple with care.

One key grammatical feature to remember is the 'of' construction. In Greek, we often say 'remnant of [something].' This [something] must be in the genitive case. For example, 'απομεινάρι του παρελθόντος' (remnant of the past) or 'απομεινάρια της γιορτής' (remnants of the celebration). This is a very common pattern that helps provide context to what exactly is left behind. Adjectives often paired with this word include 'θλιβερό' (sad), 'τελευταίο' (last), 'αρχαίο' (ancient), and 'ασήμαντο' (insignificant).

Κάθε απομεινάρι έχει τη δική του σημασία για τους αρχαιολόγους.

Translation: Every remnant has its own significance for archaeologists.

Δεν βρήκαν ούτε ένα απομεινάρι από το ναυάγιο.

Translation: They didn't find even one remnant from the shipwreck.

In metaphorical usage, the word often appears in the singular to emphasize a singular lingering trace. 'Ένα απομεινάρι ελπίδας' (a remnant of hope) suggests that while most hope is gone, a tiny, vital piece still exists. This usage is common in higher-level Greek literature and journalism. When writing, try to pair it with abstract nouns to elevate your language. For example, 'τα απομεινάρια μιας παλιάς δόξας' (the remnants of an old glory) sounds much more sophisticated than just saying 'the old things.'

Common Verb Pairings
'Σαρώνω τα απομεινάρια' (Sweep away the remnants), 'Μελετώ τα απομεινάρια' (Study the remnants), 'Πετάω τα απομεινάρια' (Throw away the remnants).

You will encounter απομεινάρι in a surprisingly wide variety of contexts in Greece. Because of the country's rich history, the most common place is likely in a cultural or historical context. If you visit an archaeological site like the Parthenon or a Byzantine castle in Mystras, the tour guide or the informational plaques will frequently use this word to describe the structures. It sounds more evocative and less clinical than 'ερείπια' (ruins).

In the Kitchen and Dining Room
While 'περισσεύματα' is the standard for leftovers you intend to eat, 'απομεινάρια' is used for the scraps that are destined for the trash or the pets. You might hear: 'Δώσε τα απομεινάρια στον σκύλο' (Give the scraps to the dog).
In News and Journalism
Journalists use it to describe the aftermath of events. After a protest, they might report on the 'απομεινάρια των συγκρούσεων' (remnants of the clashes), such as burnt trash cans or broken glass. After a natural disaster, it refers to what is left of homes and lives.

Στις ειδήσεις έδειξαν τα απομεινάρια του καμένου δάσους.

Translation: On the news, they showed the remnants of the burnt forest.

In literature and Greek music (especially 'Entekhno' or 'Rebetiko'), the word is a favorite for songwriters. It is used to describe the 'απομεινάρια μιας αγάπης' (remnants of a love) or 'τα απομεινάρια της νύχτας' (the remnants of the night). It evokes a sense of 'the morning after,' where the party or the passion has ended, leaving only traces behind. If you listen to Greek radio, you will likely hear this word in lyrics that deal with nostalgia and the passage of time.

Αυτά τα παλιά έπιπλα είναι απομεινάρια από το σπίτι της γιαγιάς μου.

Translation: These old furniture pieces are remnants from my grandmother's house.

Finally, in a scientific or environmental context, you might hear about 'πλαστικά απομεινάρια' (plastic remnants) in the ocean. Here, the word takes on a more modern and critical meaning, referring to the pollution left behind by human activity. It highlights that the word isn't just for 'old and beautiful' things, but for anything that persists after it should have been gone.

Usage in Conversations
'Τι είναι αυτά τα απομεινάρια εδώ;' (What are these remnants/scraps here?) - often said when cleaning up a mess.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing απομεινάρι with other words that mean 'remainder' or 'rest.' Greek has several words for this concept, and choosing the wrong one can change the tone of your sentence significantly.

απομεινάρι vs. υπόλοιπο
'Υπόλοιπο' usually refers to the 'rest' of a sum or a group. For example, 'το υπόλοιπο της ημέρας' (the rest of the day) or 'το υπόλοιπο του λογαριασμού' (the balance of the account). You cannot use 'απομεινάρι' for money or time. 'Απομεινάρι' is for physical or emotional fragments.
απομεινάρι vs. λείψανο
'Λείψανο' (usually plural: λείψανα) specifically refers to human remains or religious relics (like the bones of a saint). Calling the scraps on a plate 'λείψανα' would sound very strange and possibly morbid. Use 'απομεινάρια' for general objects.
απομεινάρι vs. κατάλοιπο
'Κατάλοιπο' is often used in a more abstract or negative sense, like 'social remnants' or 'psychological residues.' While they are close, 'απομεινάρι' is more common for physical objects.

Mistake: Το απομεινάρι των χρημάτων μου.
Correct: Το υπόλοιπο των χρημάτων μου.

Another mistake is the gender and pluralization. Since it ends in -ι, some learners treat it as a feminine noun (like 'η πόλη'), but it is strictly neuter. Always use 'το' and 'τα.' Also, remember that the plural genitive is 'των απομειναριών,' where the accent shifts to the last syllable. This is a common rule for neuter nouns ending in -ι when they are more than two syllables long.

Mistake: Τα απομεινάριας της πόλης.
Correct: Τα απομεινάρια της πόλης.

Finally, avoid using 'απομεινάρι' to describe people unless you are being very poetic or insulting. If you call someone an 'απομεινάρι μιας άλλης εποχής,' you are suggesting they are a relic of the past—which could be taken as a compliment to their old-school values or an insult to their relevance.

Greek is rich in synonyms for 'remnant,' each with a slightly different nuance. Knowing when to swap απομεινάρι for another word will make your Greek sound more natural and precise.

Υπόλειμμα (to ypólimma)
This is the most direct synonym but sounds more formal or scientific. It's often used for 'residue' or 'remainder' in math and science. Example: 'τα υπολείμματα των φυτοφαρμάκων' (pesticide residues).
Ερείπιο (to erípio)
Specifically means 'ruin.' Use this when talking about a collapsed building. While 'απομεινάρι' can describe a ruin, 'ερείπιο' is the standard architectural term.
Κατάλοιπο (to katálipo)
Used for something that remains as a result of a process, often negative. Example: 'τα κατάλοιπα του πολέμου' (the remnants/aftermath of the war).
Θραύσμα (to thrávsma)
Means 'fragment' or 'shard.' If the remnant is a sharp piece of glass or pottery, 'θραύσμα' is more specific.

Σύγκριση:
1. Τα απομεινάρια του δείπνου (The scraps/remnants of dinner).
2. Τα περισσεύματα του δείπνου (The leftovers of dinner - to be eaten later).

In more poetic or archaic Greek, you might encounter the word λείψανον (the ancient form of λείψανο). In modern usage, if you want to sound very casual, you might use 'ψίχουλα' (crumbs) metaphorically to mean 'tiny remnants' or 'scraps of money/attention.'

Ο αρχαιολόγος βρήκε θραύσματα και απομεινάρια από την κλασική περίοδο.

Translation: The archaeologist found fragments and remnants from the classical period.

Understanding these distinctions is the hallmark of a B2/C1 learner. It allows you to describe a scene with texture—is it a 'sad remnant' (θλιβερό απομεινάρι) or a 'useful leftover' (χρήσιμο περίσσευμα)? The emotional weight of 'απομεινάρι' makes it indispensable for storytelling and describing the passage of time in the Greek landscape.

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按水平分级的例句

1

Το απομεινάρι είναι μικρό.

The remnant is small.

Simple subject-predicate structure with a neuter noun.

2

Βλέπω ένα απομεινάρι στο τραπέζι.

I see a remnant on the table.

Accusative case for the object 'απομεινάρι'.

3

Το απομεινάρι είναι από το ψωμί.

The remnant is from the bread.

Using 'από' to show origin.

4

Τα απομεινάρια είναι πολλά.

The remnants are many.

Plural form 'τα απομεινάρια'.

5

Πού είναι το απομεινάρι;

Where is the remnant?

Question form with a neuter noun.

6

Αυτό είναι ένα απομεινάρι.

This is a remnant.

Demonstrative pronoun 'αυτό' matches the neuter noun.

7

Το απομεινάρι είναι παλιό.

The remnant is old.

Adjective 'παλιό' matches the neuter gender.

8

Μάζεψε το απομεινάρι.

Pick up the remnant.

Imperative verb 'μάζεψε'.

1

Βρήκαμε απομεινάρια από το παλιό σπίτι.

We found remnants from the old house.

Plural accusative used in a descriptive sentence.

2

Τα απομεινάρια του φαγητού είναι για τον σκύλο.

The food remnants are for the dog.

Genitive 'του φαγητού' indicates what the remnants are of.

3

Υπάρχουν απομεινάρια από το κάστρο στο βουνό.

There are remnants of the castle on the mountain.

Existential verb 'υπάρχουν' with plural subject.

4

Πετάξτε τα απομεινάρια στα σκουπίδια.

Throw the remnants in the trash.

Imperative plural 'πετάξτε'.

5

Αυτό το απομεινάρι είναι από αρχαίο ναό.

This remnant is from an ancient temple.

Adjective 'αρχαίο' describing 'ναό'.

6

Είδαμε τα απομεινάρια της φωτιάς.

We saw the remnants of the fire.

Genitive 'της φωτιάς' to show the cause.

7

Μην αφήνεις απομεινάρια στο πάτωμα.

Don't leave remnants on the floor.

Negative imperative 'μην αφήνεις'.

8

Το απομεινάρι της γέφυρας είναι επικίνδυνο.

The remnant of the bridge is dangerous.

Adjective 'επικίνδυνο' describing the remnant.

1

Τα απομεινάρια του δείπνου έμειναν στο τραπέζι όλη νύχτα.

The remnants of the dinner stayed on the table all night.

Use of 'όλη νύχτα' to indicate duration.

2

Κάθε απομεινάρι του παρελθόντος έχει μια ιστορία.

Every remnant of the past has a story.

Distributive 'κάθε' with singular noun.

3

Καθαρίσαμε τα απομεινάρια μετά την ανακαίνιση.

We cleaned the remnants after the renovation.

Temporal preposition 'μετά'.

4

Το απομεινάρι του τείχους προστατεύεται από το κράτος.

The remnant of the wall is protected by the state.

Passive voice 'προστατεύεται'.

5

Δεν έμεινε κανένα απομεινάρι από το παλιό δάσος.

No remnant of the old forest remained.

Negative structure 'δεν... κανένα'.

6

Τα απομεινάρια της γιορτής ήταν παντού στο δρόμο.

The remnants of the festival were everywhere on the street.

Adverb of place 'παντού'.

7

Προσπάθησε να σώσει τα απομεινάρια της περιουσίας του.

He tried to save the remnants of his fortune.

Infinitive-like structure 'να σώσει'.

8

Αυτό το έθιμο είναι απομεινάρι μιας άλλης εποχής.

This custom is a remnant of another era.

Predicate nominative use.

1

Τα απομεινάρια του ναυαγίου βρέθηκαν στον βυθό της θάλασσας.

The remnants of the shipwreck were found on the seabed.

Passive past tense 'βρέθηκαν'.

2

Ένιωθε ακόμα τα απομεινάρια του θυμού του.

He still felt the remnants of his anger.

Metaphorical use for emotions.

3

Η πόλη είναι γεμάτη με απομεινάρια της οθωμανικής περιόδου.

The city is full of remnants of the Ottoman period.

Adjective 'γεμάτη' followed by 'με' + accusative.

4

Μάζεψαν τα απομεινάρια του σπασμένου καθρέφτη με προσοχή.

They gathered the remnants of the broken mirror with care.

Adverbial phrase 'με προσοχή'.

5

Το κάστρο είναι ένα θλιβερό απομεινάρι μιας ένδοξης εποχής.

The castle is a sad remnant of a glorious era.

Double adjective use: 'θλιβερό' and 'ένδοξης'.

6

Τα απομεινάρια της φωτιάς κάπνιζαν ακόμα όταν φτάσαμε.

The remnants of the fire were still smoking when we arrived.

Imperfect tense 'κάπνιζαν' for ongoing action.

7

Δεν υπάρχει ούτε ένα απομεινάρι ελπίδας στην καρδιά του.

There isn't even a remnant of hope in his heart.

Emphatic 'ούτε ένα' (not even one).

8

Πρέπει να καθαρίσουμε τα απομεινάρια της χθεσινής καταιγίδας.

We must clean up the remnants of yesterday's storm.

Genitive of time 'χθεσινής'.

1

Η γλώσσα περιέχει απομεινάρια από αρχαίες διαλέκτους.

The language contains remnants of ancient dialects.

Verb 'περιέχει' (contains) with plural object.

2

Τα απομεινάρια του τείχους του Βερολίνου είναι πλέον τουριστικό αξιοθέατο.

The remnants of the Berlin Wall are now a tourist attraction.

Compound subject with plural verb 'είναι'.

3

Ερεύνησαν τα απομεινάρια του αεροπλάνου για να βρουν τα αίτια της πτώσης.

They searched the remnants of the airplane to find the causes of the crash.

Purpose clause 'για να βρουν'.

4

Η νοσταλγία είναι το απομεινάρι μιας ευτυχίας που χάθηκε.

Nostalgia is the remnant of a happiness that was lost.

Relative clause 'που χάθηκε'.

5

Τα απομεινάρια της αποικιοκρατίας είναι ακόμα ορατά στην κοινωνία.

The remnants of colonialism are still visible in society.

Adjective 'ορατά' (visible).

6

Ανέλυσε τα απομεινάρια των υλικών στο εργαστήριο.

He analyzed the remnants of the materials in the lab.

Genitive plural 'των υλικών'.

7

Το βιβλίο είναι το τελευταίο απομεινάρι μιας ξεχασμένης βιβλιοθήκης.

The book is the last remnant of a forgotten library.

Participle 'ξεχασμένης' used as an adjective.

8

Τα απομεινάρια των ελπίδων του εξανεμίστηκαν γρήγορα.

The remnants of his hopes vanished quickly.

Passive verb 'εξανεμίστηκαν' (vanished/evaporated).

1

Κάθε αρχαιολογικό απομεινάρι αποτελεί έναν αδιάψευστο μάρτυρα της ιστορίας.

Every archaeological remnant constitutes an irrefutable witness to history.

High-level vocabulary: 'αδιάψευστο μάρτυρα'.

2

Τα απομεινάρια της ανθρώπινης δραστηριότητας μολύνουν ακόμα και τους πόλους.

The remnants of human activity pollute even the poles.

Subject-verb agreement with a complex subject.

3

Η φιλοσοφία του είναι ένα απομεινάρι του διαφωτισμού σε έναν μεταμοντέρνο κόσμο.

His philosophy is a remnant of the Enlightenment in a postmodern world.

Abstract metaphorical comparison.

4

Τα απομεινάρια των παραδόσεων συχνά συγκρούονται με τη σύγχρονη πραγματικότητα.

The remnants of traditions often clash with modern reality.

Verb 'συγκρούονται' (clash/collide).

5

Περιπλανήθηκε ανάμεσα στα απομεινάρια της παλιάς του δόξας.

He wandered among the remnants of his former glory.

Preposition 'ανάμεσα' + 'στα'.

6

Η μελέτη των απομειναριών της γλώσσας αποκαλύπτει την εξέλιξη του πολιτισμού.

The study of the remnants of language reveals the evolution of civilization.

Genitive plural 'των απομειναριών' with stress shift.

7

Τα απομεινάρια του φόβου παρέμεναν ριζωμένα στο υποσυνείδητό του.

The remnants of fear remained rooted in his subconscious.

Participle 'ριζωμένα' (rooted).

8

Αυτό το απομεινάρι τοιχογραφίας είναι ανεκτίμητης αξίας.

This remnant of a fresco is of priceless value.

Genitive of value 'ανεκτίμητης αξίας'.

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