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علیّت

B2 noun 10分钟阅读

علیّت

aliyyat

开始练习例句笔记与提示 علیّت 30秒了解

解析 علیّت in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'علیت' (causality) is much too advanced for daily use. However, you can think of it as the 'big brother' of the word 'why'. In A1, you learn to ask 'Why?' using 'چرا' (chera). You learn to give a reason using 'چون' (chon - because). 'علیت' is just the fancy, scientific name for the idea that every 'why' has an 'answer'. Imagine you push a ball and it rolls. The push is the cause. The rolling is the effect. The fact that the push *makes* the ball roll is what we call 'causality'. Even though you won't use this word in a restaurant or with your family, it is the foundation of all the 'why' questions you are learning. For now, just remember that in Persian, when things happen for a reason, scientists and philosophers use this special word to talk about that connection. You don't need to use it yet, but it's good to know it exists for when you start reading big books later on!

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As an A2 learner, you are starting to connect sentences. You use 'به دلیلِ' (because of) and 'علت' (cause). The word 'علیت' (causality) is the abstract version of these words. While 'علت' is a noun for a specific cause (like 'the cause of the rain'), 'علیت' is the concept of causation itself. You might see this word in a simple science news article or a basic educational video. It's important to start recognizing the '-iyat' ending in Persian, which often turns a word into an abstract concept. For example, 'انسانیت' (humanity) from 'انسان' (human). So, 'علیت' comes from 'علت'. If you want to sound very smart when talking about why things happen in a logical way, you might say 'The relationship of causality' (رابطه علیت). But for most of your needs, 'علت' and 'دلیل' are still the best words to use. Just keep 'علیت' in the back of your mind as the formal way to say 'the principle of cause and effect'.

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At the B1 level, you are moving into more complex topics and can start using 'علیت' in specific contexts. You should understand that 'علیت' (causality) is a technical term. You will encounter it if you read Persian newspapers, especially in the science, technology, or opinion sections. For example, if you are discussing the environment, you might hear about the 'causality' between pollution and health problems. At this level, you should be able to distinguish between 'علت' (a cause) and 'علیت' (the principle of causation). You can use it in phrases like 'رابطه علیت' (causal relationship) to explain how one event leads to another in a formal presentation or essay. It helps you move away from simple 'because' sentences and allows you to describe the logic behind events. You should also start noticing how this word is used in legal or formal contexts to establish responsibility. It's a key word for building a more professional and academic vocabulary in Persian.

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At the B2 level, 'علیت' is a word you should be comfortable using in formal writing and debates. This is the level where you discuss abstract ideas, and causality is a fundamental one. You should be able to explain the 'اصل علیت' (principle of causality) and how it applies to various fields like sociology, economics, or physics. You will likely encounter this word in university-level texts or serious literature. At B2, you should also be aware of the difference between 'علیت' and 'همبستگی' (correlation), as this is a common topic in academic discussions. You can use 'علیت' to construct more sophisticated arguments, such as 'We cannot assume causality just because two events happen simultaneously.' Your understanding of the word should include its philosophical roots in Persian thought and its modern application in scientific methodology. Using this word correctly shows that you have a firm grasp of formal Persian register and can engage in high-level intellectual discourse.

For C1 learners, 'علیت' is an essential part of your academic and philosophical lexicon. You should be able to discuss the nuances of causality in different philosophical schools, such as the Peripatetic (Mashsha) school of Avicenna or the Illuminationist (Ishraqi) school. You should understand complex terms like 'علیت تامه' (complete cause) and 'علیت ناقصه' (incomplete cause). In legal contexts, you should be able to use 'علیت' to argue about liability and the chain of events. Your usage of the word should be precise, distinguishing it from 'سببیت' (legal causation) or 'موجبیت' (determinism) when necessary. You should also be able to follow and participate in deep discussions about the challenges to causality in modern physics or postmodern philosophy. At this level, you aren't just using the word; you are analyzing the concept itself and its implications for how we understand reality, science, and ethics in the Persian-speaking intellectual world.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'علیت' and its vast conceptual framework. You can navigate the most dense philosophical treatises of Mulla Sadra or the intricate legal arguments of the Iranian Supreme Court where 'علیت' is a central theme. You understand the historical evolution of the term from its Arabic origins to its modern Persian usage. You can use the word to discuss high-level abstractions like 'causal closure' or 'probabilistic causality' with ease. You are sensitive to the rhetorical power of the word and can use it to add weight and authority to your speech or writing. Furthermore, you can identify and critique the use of 'علیت' in various discourses, from political propaganda to scientific papers. Your mastery of this word reflects a deep integration into the Persian intellectual tradition, allowing you to engage with the most complex ideas the language has to offer at the highest level of sophistication and precision.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

علیّت 30秒了解

Causality: The abstract principle that every effect has a cause.
A formal term used in science, law, and philosophy.
Distinguished from 'ellat' (cause) by being an abstract concept.
Essential for discussing logical connections and responsibility.

The Persian word علیّت (pronounced 'ol-li-yat') is a profound and intellectually weighty term that translates to 'causality' or 'causation' in English. It is not a word you would typically use while buying bread at the local bakery; rather, it belongs to the realms of philosophy, science, law, and high-level academic discourse. At its core, it describes the principle that everything has a cause and that there is a necessary connection between an antecedent event (the cause) and a consequent event (the effect). In the rich tradition of Persian philosophy, influenced heavily by figures like Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Mulla Sadra, the concept of علیّت is the backbone of ontological arguments regarding the existence of the universe and the 'First Cause'. When a Persian speaker uses this word, they are invoking a sense of logical necessity. They are moving beyond the simple question of 'why' (which is covered by the simpler word 'علت') and moving into the abstract mechanics of how one thing forces another into existence. It is the study of the 'cause-and-effect relationship' as a theoretical framework.

Formal Logic: In formal logic, this term refers to the principle that every change must be produced by an efficient cause. It is the 'Principle of Causality' (اصل علیت).

دانشمندان در تلاش هستند تا رابطه علیّت بین گرمایش زمین و طوفان‌های شدید را اثبات کنند.

In modern legal and scientific contexts in Iran, علیّت is used to establish liability or scientific proof. For instance, in a court of law, a lawyer must prove the 'causal link' between a defendant's action and the harm suffered by the plaintiff. Without establishing this link, the case falls apart. Similarly, in medicine, researchers look for علیّت rather than just correlation. Just because two things happen together (like eating ice cream and getting a sunburn) doesn't mean there is a causal relationship. Persian academics are very careful to distinguish between 'همبستگی' (correlation) and 'علیت' (causality), much like English speakers distinguish between the two in statistics. The word itself is derived from the Arabic root 'ع-ل-ل' (A-L-L), which pertains to reasons, causes, or illnesses, but the Persian suffix '-iyat' transforms it into an abstract noun representing the state or quality of being a cause.

Scientific Inquiry: Scientists use this word when discussing the mechanisms of physical laws, such as gravity causing an object to fall.

فلاسفه معتقدند که بدون پذیرش اصل علیّت، شناخت جهان غیرممکن است.

Understanding this word is crucial for anyone reading Persian philosophy, law, or high-level journalism. It signifies a transition from basic conversational Persian to the level of critical thinking and formal analysis. When you hear this word in a debate, it usually marks the point where the speaker is digging into the root of the issue, looking for the underlying structural reasons rather than just surface-level symptoms. It is a word that commands respect and indicates a high level of education in the speaker.

Using علیّت correctly requires an understanding of its abstract nature. Unlike 'علت' (cause), which can be pluralized into 'علل' (causes), علیّت is almost always used in the singular to describe the principle itself. You will often find it paired with words like 'رابطه' (relationship), 'اصل' (principle), or 'قانون' (law). For example, 'رابطه علیت' means 'the causal relationship'. If you are writing a paper on economics, you might discuss the علیّت between inflation and consumer spending. You wouldn't say 'the causes of inflation' using this word; instead, you would discuss the 'causality inherent in the inflationary cycle'.

Academic Context: In a thesis, one might write: 'This study investigates the causality between social media usage and anxiety levels.'

اثبات علیّت در این پرونده حقوقی بسیار دشوار است زیرا عوامل متعددی در وقوع حادثه نقش داشته‌اند.

In the sentence above, the speaker is highlighting the difficulty of proving a direct causal link in a legal case. Note how the word functions as a noun, often acting as the object of verbs like 'اثبات کردن' (to prove), 'بررسی کردن' (to investigate), or 'پذیرفتن' (to accept). Another common usage is in the phrase 'علت و معلول' (cause and effect), where علیّت is the underlying concept that links the two. If you are discussing the philosophy of science, you might say, 'کوانتوم فیزیک مفاهیم سنتی علیت را به چالش می‌کشد' (Quantum physics challenges traditional concepts of causality). This shows how the word is used to discuss high-level intellectual shifts.

Philosophical Debate: 'Do we have free will, or is every action determined by the laws of causality?'

او در کتاب خود به تحلیل عمیق مفهوم علیّت از دیدگاه ارسطو می‌پردازد.

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the formal tone. You will rarely see this word in a text message or a casual conversation about why someone was late for dinner. It is a word of the library, the courtroom, and the laboratory. Its usage signals to the listener that you are engaging in a serious, logical analysis of a situation. It is also important to note that the word is often used with the 'ezafe' construction, connecting it to other nouns to create complex terms like 'زنجیره علیت' (chain of causality) or 'نظریه علیت' (theory of causality).

To hear علیّت in its natural habitat, you should tune into Persian-language news programs that feature expert analysis, such as BBC Persian’s 'Pargar' or VOA Persian’s political talk shows. In these settings, experts often discuss the 'causality' behind economic shifts or geopolitical events. For example, an analyst might say, 'We must look at the causality between the sanctions and the devaluation of the currency.' This word is also a staple of university lecture halls in Iran, particularly in departments of Philosophy, Sociology, Law, and Physics. If you attend a seminar on 'Islamic Philosophy' in Qom or Tehran, you will hear علیّت mentioned repeatedly as scholars debate the works of Mulla Sadra or Al-Ghazali.

Documentaries: Science documentaries often use this word when explaining natural phenomena like the water cycle or the Big Bang.

در این مستند، علیّت بیولوژیکی برخی از رفتارهای انسانی بررسی می‌شود.

You will also encounter this word in high-end literature and essays. Writers who engage with existentialism or modernism in Persian literature often use علیّت to discuss the absurdity or the mechanical nature of life. In legal settings, during a trial for negligence, the judge or the prosecutor will use the term to determine if the defendant’s actions were the direct cause of the incident. It is a word that carries the weight of authority. If you are watching a Persian-dubbed version of a show like 'Cosmos' or a legal drama like 'Law & Order', you will frequently hear علیّت used to translate 'causality' or 'causation'.

Legal Dramas: Lawyers often shout about the 'lack of causality' (عدم علیت) between the evidence and the crime.

گزارشگر رادیو درباره علیّت بحران اقتصادی اخیر صحبت می‌کرد.

Finally, in the age of podcasts, many Persian-language educational podcasts (like 'Radio Marz' or 'Bplus') use this word when summarizing non-fiction books. It is a key term for anyone trying to understand the 'how' and 'why' of complex systems. If you can recognize and understand this word in a spoken context, it is a sign that your Persian listening comprehension has reached an advanced, sophisticated level.

The most common mistake learners make is confusing علیّت (causality) with its root word علت (cause). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. 'علت' refers to the specific thing or event that produces an effect. For example, 'The cause of the fire was a short circuit' uses 'علت'. However, 'The principle of causality' uses 'علیت'. If you say 'the causality of the fire', it sounds awkward and overly philosophical in most contexts. Another mistake is using علیّت in casual, everyday speech. Saying 'What was the causality of your delay?' to a friend will make you sound like a robot or a very eccentric philosopher. Stick to 'چرا' (why) or 'دلیل' (reason) for daily life.

Confusion with 'Correlation': Learners often use 'علیت' when they actually mean 'همبستگی' (correlation). Just because two things happen together doesn't mean one caused the other.

اشتباه رایج: نباید علیّت را با همبستگی آماری اشتباه گرفت.

Spelling is another area where mistakes occur. Because of the 'tashdid' (the doubling mark) on the 'y', the word is pronounced 'ol-li-yat'. Some learners forget the double 'y' sound and pronounce it 'ol-iyat', which is incorrect. In written Persian, the tashdid is often omitted, but the 'y' and 't' (ـیت) suffix must be present. Additionally, don't confuse علیّت with 'عالی' (excellent) or 'علی' (the name Ali/high), which sound similar to the untrained ear but have completely different roots and meanings. The initial 'ayn' (ع) must be pronounced clearly from the throat in formal speech to distinguish it from words starting with 'alif'.

Incorrect Prepositions: Sometimes people use 'برای' (for) when they should use 'بین' (between) with causality. It is usually 'the causality *between* X and Y'.

در فلسفه، علیّت به معنای رابطه ضروری بین علت و معلول است.

Lastly, be careful with the 'ezafe'. When you say 'رابطه علیت' (the relationship of causality), the 'e' sound at the end of 'رابطه' is essential. Beginners often drop this, making the sentence sound fragmented. Also, ensure you are using the correct word for the 'effect'. The partner of 'علیت' is 'معلول' (effect/caused), not just any result. Using 'نتیجه' (result) is okay, but 'معلول' is the proper technical term in philosophical contexts.

While علیّت is the most formal and technical term for causality, several other words share its semantic space. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right context. The most common alternative is سببیت (sababiyat). This also means 'causality' and is derived from 'سبب' (reason/cause). In many legal texts, 'سببیت' and 'علیت' are used almost interchangeably, though 'علیت' is slightly more common in pure philosophy while 'سببیت' appears frequently in civil law. Another related term is موجبیت (moujabiyat), which leans more towards 'determinism' or the 'necessity' of a cause producing an effect.

علیت vs. سببیت: 'علیت' is universal and philosophical. 'سببیت' is often used in legal contexts to describe the link between an act and a result.

حقوقدانان اغلب از واژه سببیت برای توصیف مسئولیت مدنی استفاده می‌کنند.

If you want to describe the 'reason' for something in a less formal way, use دلیل (dalil) or علت (ellat). For example, 'دلیل غیبت او بیماری بود' (The reason for his absence was illness). You would never use علیّت here. Another word often confused with causality is انگیزه (angizeh), which means 'motive'. Motive is a psychological cause, whereas causality is a logical or physical principle. In scientific writing, you might also see عامل (amel), meaning 'factor' or 'agent'. A factor contributes to an outcome but might not be the sole 'causality' behind it.

علیت vs. همبستگی: 'همبستگی' (correlation) means two things change together. 'علیت' means one makes the other happen.

در آمار، ما همیشه به دنبال تفاوت بین همبستگی و علیت هستیم.

In summary, choose علیّت when you are speaking about the abstract principle of cause and effect, especially in academic, philosophical, or scientific contexts. Use 'علت' for the specific cause, 'دلیل' for a general reason, 'سببیت' for legal causality, and 'عامل' for a contributing factor. Mastering these distinctions will make your Persian sound precise and highly educated.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

In ancient Arabic medical texts, the same root 'A-L-L' was used for 'illness' (علت), because an illness was seen as a 'cause' that changed the body's natural state.

发音指南

UK /ol.li.jæt/

US /ol.li.jæt/

The stress is on the final syllable: ol-li-YAT.

押韵词

انسانیت (ensāniyat) واقعیت (vāghe'iyat) مسئولیت (mas'uliyat) محرومیت (mahrumiyat) مظلومیت (mazlumiyat) شخصیت (shakhsiyat) کمیّت (kammiyat) کیفیّت (keifiyat)

常见错误

Pronouncing it as 'o-li-yat' with a single 'l'.
Confusing the initial 'ayn' with a simple 'a' sound.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Pronouncing the final 't' too softly.
Merging the 'i' and 'y' into a single sound.

难度评级

阅读 8/5

Requires familiarity with abstract academic Persian.

写作 9/5

Difficult to use correctly without sounding overly formal or awkward.

口语 7/5

Pronunciation is key; the double 'l' and 'y' can be tricky.

听力 8/5

Often used in fast-paced intellectual debates.

接下来学什么

前置知识

علت دلیل رابطه چون باعث

接下来学习

معلول سببیت موجبیت استقراء قیاس

高级

هستی‌شناسی معرفت‌شناسی جوهر عرض تلازم

需要掌握的语法

The '-iyat' suffix for abstract nouns.

علت + یت = علیت (Causality)

Gemination (Tashdid) in Arabic-derived words.

The 'l' in علیت is doubled.

Ezafe construction with abstract nouns.

رابطهٔ علیت (The relationship of causality)

Using 'بین' (between) with relational nouns.

علیت بین فقر و بیکاری.

Noun-Adjective agreement with 'علّی'.

روابط علّی (Causal relationships)

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按水平分级的例句

چرا باران می‌بارد؟ علت آن ابر است.

Why does it rain? The cause is the cloud.

A1 uses 'علت' (cause) instead of 'علیت' (causality).

او به دلیل سرماخوردگی نیامد.

He didn't come because of a cold.

Using 'به دلیل' to show a simple reason.

هر کاری یک دلیلی دارد.

Every action has a reason.

Simple sentence about reasons.

آتش علت دود است.

Fire is the cause of smoke.

Basic cause and effect structure.

چرا خوشحالی؟ چون دوستم را دیدم.

Why are you happy? Because I saw my friend.

Basic 'why' and 'because' structure.

این میوه به علت گرما خراب شد.

This fruit spoiled because of the heat.

Using 'به علت' in a simple context.

ورزش علت سلامتی است.

Exercise is the cause of health.

Simple noun-noun relationship.

علت این صدا چیست؟

What is the cause of this sound?

Questioning a specific cause.

رابطه بین ابر و باران یک نوع علیت ساده است.

The relationship between clouds and rain is a type of simple causality.

Introducing the concept of 'علیت' as a relationship.

دانشمندان درباره علیت بیماری‌ها تحقیق می‌کنند.

Scientists research the causality of diseases.

Using 'علیت' in a basic scientific context.

ما باید علیت این مشکل را پیدا کنیم.

We must find the causality of this problem.

Using 'علیت' to mean the underlying logic.

در کتاب علوم درباره اصل علیت خواندیم.

We read about the principle of causality in the science book.

Identifying 'علیت' as a formal principle.

علیت به ما می‌گوید که هیچ چیز اتفاقی نیست.

Causality tells us that nothing is accidental.

Defining the concept simply.

آیا بین این دو اتفاق رابطه علیت وجود دارد؟

Is there a causal relationship between these two events?

Asking about the connection.

او سعی کرد علیت رفتار خود را توضیح دهد.

He tried to explain the causality of his behavior.

Applying the concept to human actions.

فهمیدن علیت در فیزیک بسیار مهم است.

Understanding causality in physics is very important.

Contextualizing the word in a subject.

بررسی رابطه علیت بین فقر و جرم ضروری است.

Investigating the causal relationship between poverty and crime is essential.

Using 'علیت' in a sociological context.

این مقاله به تحلیل علیت در حوادث رانندگی می‌پردازد.

This article analyzes the causality in traffic accidents.

Formal analysis usage.

بدون اثبات علیت، نمی‌توان کسی را متهم کرد.

Without proving causality, one cannot accuse anyone.

Legal context for causality.

نظریه علیت یکی از پایه‌های علم مدرن است.

The theory of causality is one of the foundations of modern science.

Abstract noun as a subject.

او در سخنرانی خود به زنجیره علیت اشاره کرد.

In his speech, he referred to the chain of causality.

Using the compound 'زنجیره علیت'.

آیا علیت در دنیای کوانتوم متفاوت است؟

Is causality different in the quantum world?

Scientific inquiry usage.

ما باید بین همبستگی و علیت تفاوت قائل شویم.

We must distinguish between correlation and causality.

Common academic distinction.

علیت در این آزمایش به وضوح دیده می‌شود.

Causality is clearly seen in this experiment.

Observational usage.

فیلسوفان قرن‌هاست که درباره ماهیت علیت بحث می‌کنند.

Philosophers have been debating the nature of causality for centuries.

Using 'علیت' as a philosophical subject.

در حقوق مدنی، احراز رابطه علیت برای جبران خسارت الزامی است.

In civil law, establishing a causal relationship is mandatory for compensation.

Highly formal legal terminology.

این تحقیق علیت مستقیم بین آلودگی هوا و بیماری‌های قلبی را نشان می‌دهد.

This research shows a direct causality between air pollution and heart disease.

Scientific precision with 'علیت مستقیم'.

شکاکان معتقدند که علیت تنها یک عادت ذهنی است.

Skeptics believe that causality is only a mental habit.

Philosophical skepticism context.

تحلیل علیت در بحران‌های مالی پیچیدگی‌های زیادی دارد.

Analyzing causality in financial crises involves many complexities.

Economic context usage.

او سعی دارد مفهوم علیت را در تاریخ‌نگاری بازتعریف کند.

He is trying to redefine the concept of causality in historiography.

Historiographical application.

اصل علیت پایه و اساس استدلال‌های منطقی او بود.

The principle of causality was the foundation of his logical arguments.

Logic and reasoning context.

عدم وجود علیت باعث رد شدن فرضیه شد.

The lack of causality led to the rejection of the hypothesis.

Scientific methodology context.

ابن سینا در کتاب شفا به تفصیل به تبیین علیت پرداخته است.

Avicenna, in the Book of Healing, has explained causality in detail.

Reference to classical Persian philosophy.

برخی فیزیکدانان معتقدند که در سطح زیراتمی، علیت نقض می‌شود.

Some physicists believe that at the subatomic level, causality is violated.

Advanced scientific debate.

رابطه علیت در جرایم مرکب نیازمند تحلیل‌های دقیق فقهی است.

The causal relationship in complex crimes requires precise jurisprudential analysis.

Legal and religious jurisprudence context.

او در رساله خود به نقد دیدگاه هیوم درباره علیت می‌پردازد.

In his dissertation, he critiques David Hume's view on causality.

Comparative philosophy context.

علیت تامه به معنای مجموعه‌ای از شرایط است که وجود معلول را ضروری می‌کند.

Complete causality means a set of conditions that make the existence of the effect necessary.

Technical philosophical term 'علیت تامه'.

در این پارادایم فکری، علیت جای خود را به احتمالات داده است.

In this intellectual paradigm, causality has given way to probabilities.

Discussing intellectual shifts.

تبیین علیت در پدیده‌های اجتماعی به سادگی علوم طبیعی نیست.

Explaining causality in social phenomena is not as simple as in natural sciences.

Sociological theory context.

او مدعی است که علیت یک ساختار زبانی است تا یک حقیقت هستی‌شناختی.

He claims that causality is a linguistic structure rather than an ontological truth.

Post-structuralist philosophical context.

تلازم منطقی میان علت و معلول، جوهره اصلی مفهوم علیت است.

The logical concomitance between cause and effect is the core essence of the concept of causality.

High-level metaphysical terminology.

در حکمت متعالیه، علیت به تطورات وجودی بازمی‌گردد.

In Transcendent Theosophy, causality traces back to existential evolutions.

Specific reference to Mulla Sadra's philosophy.

چالش‌های اپیستمولوژیک پیرامون علیت، مبانی استقراء را زیر سوال می‌برد.

Epistemological challenges surrounding causality call into question the foundations of induction.

Advanced epistemology context.

بررسی علیت در سیستم‌های پیچیده نیازمند مدل‌سازی‌های غیرخطی است.

Investigating causality in complex systems requires non-linear modeling.

Advanced systems theory context.

او به واکاوی گسست‌های علیت در ساختار دراماتیک نمایشنامه پرداخت.

He engaged in an exploration of the ruptures of causality in the play's dramatic structure.

Literary and dramatic criticism.

در این نظریه حقوقی، علیت به مثابه یک انتزاع عرفی تلقی می‌شود.

In this legal theory, causality is regarded as a customary abstraction.

Advanced legal philosophy.

مواجهه با پارادوکس‌های زمانی، مفاهیم کلاسیک علیت را به چالش می‌کشد.

Encountering temporal paradoxes challenges classical concepts of causality.

Theoretical physics and philosophy.

علیت در این ساحت، نه یک جبر فیزیکی، بلکه یک ضرورت منطقی است.

Causality in this realm is not a physical determinism but a logical necessity.

Distinguishing between types of necessity.

常见搭配

رابطه علیت

اصل علیت

زنجیره علیت

اثبات علیت

علیت تامه

نظریه علیت

علیت معکوس

نفی علیت

علیت مادی

احراز علیت

常用短语

در چارچوب علیت

— Within the framework of causality. Used in academic discussions.

این پدیده باید در چارچوب علیت تحلیل شود.

بر مبنای علیت

— Based on causality. Used to explain the logic of a system.

جهان بر مبنای علیت اداره می‌شود.

فقدان علیت

— Lack of causality. Used in legal or scientific rejections.

فقدان علیت در این آزمایش مشهود است.

علیت و معلولیت

— Causality and the state of being an effect. A technical pair.

بحث درباره علیت و معلولیت در الهیات.

قانون علیت

— The law of causality. Often used in physics.

قانون علیت در مکانیک کلاسیک.

علیت ساختاری

— Structural causality. Used in sociology or Marxism.

او به علیت ساختاری در اقتصاد معتقد است.

علیت دوری

— Circular causality. Where A causes B and B causes A.

در این سیستم شاهد علیت دوری هستیم.

علیت احتمالی

— Probabilistic causality. Used in modern statistics.

علیت احتمالی در پزشکی کاربرد دارد.

علیت فاعلی

— Efficient causality. The agent that brings about a change.

خدا به عنوان علیت فاعلی در جهان.

علیت غایی

— Final causality. The purpose for which something is done.

ارسطو بر اهمیت علیت غایی تاکید داشت.

容易混淆的词

علیّت vs علت

A specific cause vs. the principle of causality.

علیّت vs همبستگی

Two things happening together vs. one causing the other.

علیّت vs دلیل

A general reason vs. a formal causal link.

习语与表达

"رشته علیت"

— The thread of causality. Used to describe a sequence of events.

او رشته علیت را در داستان گم کرد.

Literary

"در دام علیت افتادن"

— To fall into the trap of causality. Used when over-analyzing reasons.

نباید در دام علیت برای هر اتفاق کوچک افتاد.

Philosophical/Informal

"قربانی علیت شدن"

— To become a victim of causality. Used when circumstances force an outcome.

او قربانی علیت سخت‌گیرانه محیط خود شد.

Literary

"فراتر از علیت"

— Beyond causality. Used for mystical or spiritual experiences.

عشق پدیده‌ای فراتر از علیت است.

Poetic

"بازی علیت"

— The game of causality. Referring to the unpredictability of life's logic.

این هم از بازی‌های عجیب علیت است.

Literary

"ریشه در علیت داشتن"

— To be rooted in causality. To have a deep logical reason.

این رفتارها ریشه در علیت‌های اجتماعی دارند.

Academic

"شکستن سد علیت"

— Breaking the barrier of causality. Doing something impossible.

معجزه به معنای شکستن سد علیت است.

Religious

"گرداب علیت"

— The whirlpool of causality. Being caught in a cycle of cause and effect.

او در گرداب علیت‌های اشتباه خود غرق شد.

Poetic

"نور علیت"

— The light of causality. Gaining understanding of why things happen.

با نور علیت، جهان روشن‌تر می‌شود.

Philosophical

"زنجیرهای علیت"

— The chains of causality. Feeling restricted by logical consequences.

ما همه در زنجیرهای علیت اسیر هستیم.

Existential

容易混淆

علیّت vs علت

They share the same root.

علت is a concrete 'cause', while علیت is the abstract 'causality'.

علت تصادف یخ‌زدگی بود، اما علیت در فیزیک پیچیده‌تر است.

علیّت vs عالی

Similar sound to beginners.

عالی means 'excellent', while علیت means 'causality'.

این غذای عالی است! (This food is excellent!)

علیّت vs علی

Similar sound.

علی is a proper name or means 'high/superior'.

علی به مدرسه رفت.

علیّت vs عامل

Both relate to why things happen.

عامل is a 'factor' or 'agent' that contributes to a cause.

استرس یک عامل مهم در بیماری است.

علیّت vs معلول

They are partners in a phrase.

معلول is the 'effect' or 'the caused', while علیت is the 'causality'.

هر علتی یک معلول دارد.

句型

اثبات رابطه علیت بین [اسم] و [اسم] دشوار است.

اثبات رابطه علیت بین استرس و بیماری دشوار است.

طبق اصل علیت، هر [اسم] نیازمند یک [اسم] است.

طبق اصل علیت، هر معلولی نیازمند یک علت است.

دانشمندان در حال بررسی علیت [اسم] هستند.

دانشمندان در حال بررسی علیت تغییرات اقلیمی هستند.

این پدیده با قوانین کلاسیک علیت همخوانی ندارد.

رابطه علیت در اینجا کاملاً واضح است.

واکاوی مفهوم علیت در ساحت [اسم] مستلزم...

واکاوی مفهوم علیت در ساحت متافیزیک مستلزم مطالعه عمیق است.

بدون در نظر گرفتن علیت، نمی‌توان به نتیجه رسید.

آیا علیت یک ضرورت منطقی است یا تجربی؟

词族

名词

علت (cause)

معلول (effect)

علل (causes - plural)

عامل (factor)

سبب (reason)

动词

باعث شدن (to cause)

موجب شدن (to result in)

علت داشتن (to have a cause)

تعلیل کردن (to explain/rationalize)

形容词

علّی (causal)

معلول (caused)

سبب‌ساز (causing/creative)

بی‌علت (causeless)

如何使用

frequency

Common in specialized texts, rare in daily conversation.

常见错误

Using 'علیت' in a grocery store. → Using 'علت' or 'دلیل'.
It's too formal. It would be like saying 'What is the causality of the price increase?' to a shopkeeper.
Pronouncing it 'ol-iyat'. → Pronouncing it 'ol-li-yat'.
The 'l' and 'y' must be emphasized due to the Arabic root structure.
Using 'علیت' to mean 'motive'. → Using 'انگیزه'.
Causality is a logical principle; a motive is a psychological reason.
Forgetting the 'ezafe' in 'رابطه علیت'. → رابطهٔ علیت.
The ezafe is necessary to link 'relationship' and 'causality'.
Confusing 'علیت' with 'همبستگی'. → Using them correctly based on the logical link.
This is a conceptual mistake common in students of statistics and science.

小贴士

Abstract Suffix

Notice the '-iyat' suffix. It's a great way to spot abstract nouns like 'vaghe'iyat' (reality) or 'mas'uliyat' (responsibility).

Stress the End

Always put the stress on the 'yat' at the end. This is a common rule for Persian nouns ending in '-iyat'.

Correlation Warning

In academic writing, always clarify if you mean 'علیت' (causality) or 'همبستگی' (correlation). It's a sign of high-level thinking.

Legal Usage

If you read Iranian law, 'علیت' is the key to determining 'liability'. No causality, no crime.

The First Cause

In philosophy, 'علیت' often leads to discussions about 'علت نخستین' (The First Cause or God).

Pair with Effect

Memorize 'علیت' alongside 'معلول' (effect). They are like two sides of the same coin.

Formal Essays

Use 'علیت' instead of 'علت' when you are discussing a theory or a principle rather than a single event.

News Keywords

When you hear 'علیت' on the news, get ready for a deep dive into 'why' something happened.

Logical Chains

Think of 'علیت' as a chain. If one link (علت) breaks, the whole relationship (علیت) fails.

Sophistication

Using this word correctly is a great way to impress Persian professors or professionals.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Ali' (a common name) and 'Yat' (like a yacht). Imagine Ali driving a yacht to find the *cause* of a storm. Ali + Yacht = Olliyat (Causality).

视觉联想

Imagine a long chain of falling dominoes. The force that makes each one fall is the 'Olliyat'.

Word Web

Logic Science Law Philosophy Physics Reason Necessity Chain

挑战

Try to write three sentences about a global issue (like climate change) using the word 'علیت' to describe the connection between human actions and the result.

词源

Derived from the Arabic word 'علة' (illah), meaning cause, reason, or infirmity. The Persian suffix '-iyat' is added to create an abstract noun.

原始含义： The state of being a cause or the principle of causation.

Semitic root (Arabic) with Indo-European (Persian) suffix morphology.

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but avoid using it in casual religious contexts where 'God's will' (خواست خدا) is the preferred explanation.

English speakers might find 'علیت' equivalent to 'causality', but in Persian, it carries a heavier philosophical weight due to the history of Islamic metaphysics.

The works of Avicenna (Ibn Sina) on the 'First Cause'. Mulla Sadra's 'Asfar' which discusses the layers of causality. Modern Iranian legal codes based on 'رابطه سببیت'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Philosophy Class

اصل علیت
علیت تامه
برهان علیت
نقد علیت

Courtroom

رابطه علیت
احراز علیت
قطع رابطه علیت
علیت مستقیم

Scientific Laboratory

فرضیه علیت
آزمایش علیت
علیت آماری
متغیرهای علیت

Economic Analysis

علیت اقتصادی
رابطه علیت بین تورم و بیکاری
علیت ساختاری
تحلیل علیت

History Book

علیت تاریخی
زنجیره حوادث و علیت
علیت در سقوط امپراتوری‌ها
عوامل علّی

对话开场白

"به نظر شما علیت در زندگی ما چقدر نقش دارد؟"

"آیا به اصل علیت در همه امور معتقد هستید؟"

"چگونه می‌توان رابطه علیت را در مسائل اجتماعی ثابت کرد؟"

"تفاوت بین شانس و علیت از نظر شما چیست؟"

"آیا فیزیک مدرن توانسته مفهوم علیت را تغییر دهد؟"

日记主题

درباره یک اتفاق در زندگی خود بنویسید که زنجیره علیت در آن بسیار واضح بود.

آیا فکر می‌کنید انسان‌ها همیشه به دنبال علیت هستند یا برخی چیزها واقعاً اتفاقی‌اند؟

نقش علیت را در موفقیت‌های تحصیلی خود تحلیل کنید.

اگر علیت وجود نداشت، جهان چگونه به نظر می‌رسید؟

رابطه علیت بین تکنولوژی و تنهایی در دنیای امروز را بررسی کنید.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, it is very formal. In daily life, people use 'دلیل' or 'علت'. Using 'علیت' while talking to friends might make you sound like you are giving a university lecture. However, you will hear it frequently on news programs and in academic settings.

They both mean causality. 'علیت' is more common in philosophy and general science. 'سببیت' is a more technical term used in Iranian law (jurisprudence) to describe the link between a crime or action and its outcome. In most academic contexts, they are interchangeable.

The 'y' has a 'tashdid', which means it is doubled. You pronounce the 'i' sound (like 'ee') and then immediately a sharp 'y' sound. It sounds like 'ee-yat'. The full word is 'ol-li-yat'.

In standard Persian, no. It is an abstract noun. However, in very modern academic writing influenced by English (where people say 'causalities'), you might occasionally see 'علیت‌ها', but it is generally considered incorrect or at least non-standard.

It means the 'Principle of Causality'. It is the philosophical belief that nothing happens without a cause. It is a fundamental concept in both Western and Islamic philosophy.

The root 'علت' is Arabic, and the suffix '-یت' is also of Arabic origin, but the combination 'علیت' is used as a standard Persian word for 'causality'. It is common for high-level Persian vocabulary to have Arabic roots.

Yes, it specifically refers to that relationship. If you just want to say 'reason', use 'دلیل'. If you want to say 'motive', use 'انگیزه'. 'علیت' is strictly for the logical or physical link between cause and effect.

You would typically say 'رابطه علیت' (causal relationship). For example: 'The lawyer proved the causal relationship between the company's negligence and the accident.' (وکیل رابطه علیت بین سهل‌انگاری شرکت و حادثه را ثابت کرد.)

Not directly. To say 'to cause', we use 'باعث شدن' or 'موجب شدن'. To say 'to treat as a cause', we use 'تعلیل کردن'. There is no verb like 'to causalize' in common Persian.

At the B2 level, you are expected to understand and participate in formal discussions. 'علیت' is a gateway word to understanding Persian academic thought, legal systems, and scientific reporting. It helps you sound precise and educated.

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