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B1 adverb #1,500 最常用 5分钟阅读

اصولاً

osulan
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 اصولاً 30秒了解
解析 اصولاً in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'Osoolan' often, but you might hear it in very simple contexts meaning 'basically.' Think of it as a way to say 'In general.' For example, 'Osoolan, I like apples' (Basically, I like apples). It's a big word for a beginner, but knowing it helps you understand when Iranians are talking about their general habits or rules. Just remember it ends with an 'an' sound like 'man' or 'nan'. It is an adverb, so it describes how or why something is happening. At this stage, just recognize it as a word that means 'mostly' or 'generally' in a formal way.
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At A2, you can start using 'Osoolan' to describe your general preferences or rules you follow. Instead of just saying 'I don't like meat,' you can say 'Osoolan, I don't eat meat' to show it's a principle or a regular habit. It helps you move beyond simple sentences. You might see it in simple news headlines or in classroom instructions. It's a good word to use when you want to sound a bit more serious or when you are explaining a rule to someone. For example: 'Osoolan, we must be on time.' It shows you understand the 'why' behind an action.
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At B1, 'Osoolan' becomes a very useful tool for discussion. You are now expected to express opinions and explain your reasons. 'Osoolan' allows you to ground your opinions in logic. Instead of just saying 'I disagree,' you can say 'Osoolan, I disagree with this method,' which implies you have a fundamental reason for your stance. You will encounter this word in intermediate reading passages about culture, society, or technology. It is also common in 'Ta'arof' or formal social interactions where someone explains a general rule of hospitality or behavior. You should be able to distinguish it from 'Ma'moolan' (usually) now.
At B2, you should use 'Osoolan' to structure complex arguments. It serves as a transition word that signals you are moving from specific examples to a general principle. In writing essays or giving presentations, 'Osoolan' helps you define your terms. For instance, 'Osoolan, democracy requires participation.' You will also notice its use in legal or semi-formal documents. You should be comfortable using it in the middle of sentences to modify adjectives or verbs, and you should understand its nuance compared to 'Asasan' (fundamentally) or 'Gha'edatan' (normally). It adds a layer of sophistication to your Persian.
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At C1, you use 'Osoolan' with precision. You understand that it carries a philosophical weight. You can use it to critique an entire system or to defend a complex ideology. In literary analysis or high-level political discourse, 'Osoolan' is used to identify the 'Osool' (principles) of a movement or a work of art. You can also use it sarcastically to point out when someone is ignoring the 'basic principles' of a situation. Your usage should be natural, and you should be able to use it in various positions in a sentence to change the emphasis. You understand that 'Osoolan' often implies a 'de jure' (by law/principle) situation which might differ from the 'de facto' reality.
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At C2, 'Osoolan' is a subtle instrument in your linguistic repertoire. You use it to navigate the finest nuances of Persian rhetoric. You are aware of its historical and Arabic roots and how that influences its 'weight' in a sentence. You can use it in academic papers, legal briefs, or high-level diplomacy where every word matters. You understand how 'Osoolan' interacts with other modal adverbs to create complex layers of meaning. At this level, you might also explore its use in classical-style modern prose. It is no longer just a word for 'basically'; it is a marker of your mastery over the logical structure of the Persian language.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

اصولاً 30秒了解

  • Osoolan means 'fundamentally' or 'in principle' and is used to describe general rules or core natures.
  • It comes from the Arabic root 'Asl' (foundation) and is a formal, high-frequency adverb in Persian.
  • It is often used at the start of a sentence to set a logical premise or before a verb to modify it.
  • Commonly found in academic, legal, and intellectual discussions to move from details to general principles.

The Persian adverb اصولاً (Osoolan) is a cornerstone of intellectual and formal discourse. Derived from the Arabic root 'Asl' (meaning root, origin, or foundation) combined with the tanvin suffix '-an' which transforms nouns into adverbs, it literally translates to 'fundamentally' or 'in principle.' When a speaker uses this word, they are zooming out from specific details to address the underlying logic or the general rule governing a situation. It suggests a baseline reality that exists before exceptions are considered.

Etymological Root
The word comes from 'Asl' (اصل), meaning foundation or principle. In Persian philosophy and law, 'Osool' refers to the fundamental principles of a system.

من اصولاً با این نوع تصمیم‌گیری‌ها مخالف هستم چون شفاف نیستند.

Translation: I am fundamentally opposed to these types of decisions because they are not transparent.

In everyday conversation, it acts as a qualifier. If someone says, 'Osoolan, yes,' they mean that according to the rules or their general philosophy, the answer is yes, though there might be practical hurdles. It is often used to establish a stance in a debate, moving the conversation from 'what happened' to 'why it matters on a systemic level.' It is a high-frequency word in academic writing, legal documents, and political commentary.

Semantic Range
It covers 'basically,' 'as a matter of principle,' 'essentially,' and 'by nature.' It is the opposite of 'specifically' or 'incidentally.'

این دستگاه اصولاً برای کارهای سنگین طراحی نشده است.

Using اصولاً correctly requires understanding its syntactic flexibility. As an adverb, it can appear at the beginning of a sentence to set the tone, or immediately before the verb or predicate to modify the action. Unlike some English adverbs, it does not change form based on gender or number.

Sentence Placement
Placed at the start: 'Osoolan, [Sentence]' establishes a general truth. Placed after the subject: '[Subject] Osoolan [Verb]' emphasizes the subject's inherent nature.

اصولاً گربه ها از آب خوششان نمی آید.

Translation: Fundamentally, cats do not like water.

When used in negative sentences, it reinforces the impossibility or the fundamental rejection of an idea. For example, 'Osoolan nemishavad' means 'It is fundamentally impossible' or 'It simply cannot be done.' This is much stronger than just saying 'Nemishavad' (It's not possible).

Formal vs. Informal
In formal writing, use it to introduce a thesis. In informal speech, use it to simplify a complex situation: 'Osoolan harfesh ghalat ast' (Basically, what he says is wrong).

ما اصولاً نباید در کارهای دیگران دخالت کنیم.

You will encounter اصولاً in environments where logic, rules, and structures are discussed. It is a favorite of university professors, lawyers, and journalists. If you watch an Iranian news talk show or a political debate, you will hear this word repeatedly as speakers try to ground their arguments in 'principles.'

Academic Context
Used to describe scientific laws or philosophical axioms. 'Osoolan in faraziye...' (Fundamentally, this hypothesis...).

در فیزیک، اصولاً انرژی از بین نمی‌رود.

Translation: In physics, fundamentally, energy is not destroyed.

In the workplace, a manager might use it to explain company policy. 'Osoolan, we don't allow remote work, but in your case...' Here, it establishes the rule before the exception. In literature, it is used to describe the essential nature of characters or the world. It provides a sense of permanence and inevitability.

Legal and Bureaucratic
Found in contracts to define the 'spirit' of the agreement. It helps clarify the intention behind specific clauses.

این قرارداد اصولاً بر پایه اعتماد متقابل است.

One common mistake for learners is confusing اصولاً with معمولاً (Ma'moolan - usually). While they can sometimes overlap in meaning (since principles often dictate usual behavior), they are distinct. 'Ma'moolan' refers to frequency, while 'Osoolan' refers to the underlying reason or rule.

Osoolan vs. Ma'moolan
'Ma'moolan miravam' = I usually go. 'Osoolan miravam' = I go as a matter of principle/basically I go.

❌ من اصولاً ساعت ۸ صبحانه می‌خورم. (Unless it's a life philosophy, use معمولاً)

Another error is using it to mean 'actually' in the sense of 'to tell the truth' (which is 'Dar vaghe'). 'Osoolan' is about the *structure* of the truth, not just the fact itself. Also, be careful with the pronunciation of the tanvin '-an' ending; it should be a crisp 'an' sound, not merged into the 'l'.

Register Mismatch
Using 'Osoolan' in very casual slang can sound sarcastic or 'too formal' unless intended for comedic effect.

✅ این مسئله اصولاً به ما مربوط نمی‌شود.

Persian has several adverbs that deal with the 'essence' of things. Understanding the nuances between them will greatly improve your fluency. اساساً (Asasan) is the closest synonym, often used interchangeably, though 'Asasan' feels even more 'foundational.'

Comparison Table
اصولاً: Based on principles/rules.
اساساً: Based on the foundation/base.
کلاً: Totally/In general.
ذاتاً: Inherently/By nature.

او ذاتاً آدم مهربانی است، اما اصولاً با غریبه‌ها سرد برخورد می‌کند.

Translation: He is inherently kind, but as a rule, he acts coldly with strangers.

Another word is قاعدتاً (Gha'edatan), which means 'by rule' or 'normally.' While 'Osoolan' deals with the principle behind the rule, 'Gha'edatan' deals with the expectation that the rule will be followed. If you say 'Gha'edatan should be here,' you mean 'According to the schedule, he should be here.'

Subtle Differences
Use 'Osoolan' for 'In principle.' Use 'Asasan' for 'Basically/Fundamentally.' Use 'Gha'edatan' for 'Presumably/According to the norm.'

این دو کلمه اصولاً یک معنی دارند.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Adverbial Tanvin (-an)

Sentence structure (Subject-Adverb-Verb)

Modal adverbs

Formal vs Informal register

Negation with adverbs

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按水平分级的例句

1

اصولاً من چای دوست دارم.

Basically, I like tea.

Adverb at the start of a simple sentence.

2

او اصولاً آدم خوبی است.

He is basically a good person.

Modifying the noun phrase 'adam-e khoobi'.

3

اصولاً اینجا گرم است.

Basically, it is hot here.

Setting the general state of the environment.

4

ما اصولاً با هم می‌رویم.

We basically go together.

Adverb between subject and verb.

5

اصولاً کتاب خواندن خوب است.

Basically, reading books is good.

Generalizing an activity.

6

آنها اصولاً شب‌ها کار می‌کنند.

They basically work at nights.

Describing a general habit.

7

اصولاً آب برای بدن لازم است.

Basically, water is necessary for the body.

Stating a fundamental fact.

8

من اصولاً صبح زود بیدار می‌شوم.

I basically wake up early in the morning.

Adverb modifying a routine.

1

اصولاً نباید در کلاس حرف زد.

In principle, one shouldn't talk in class.

Using 'nabayad' (shouldn't) with 'Osoolan'.

2

این ماشین اصولاً برای شهر است.

This car is basically for the city.

Defining the purpose of an object.

3

اصولاً ورزش برای سلامتی مفید است.

Fundamentally, exercise is useful for health.

Stating a general principle.

4

ما اصولاً روزهای جمعه تعطیل هستیم.

We are basically closed on Fridays.

Explaining a rule/schedule.

5

اصولاً او حرف کسی را گوش نمی‌دهد.

Basically, he doesn't listen to anyone.

Describing a character trait.

6

این غذا اصولاً تند است.

This food is basically spicy.

Describing an inherent quality.

7

اصولاً سفر کردن تجربه خوبی است.

Basically, traveling is a good experience.

Generalizing an experience.

8

من اصولاً با این رنگ موافق نیستم.

I basically don't agree with this color.

Expressing a basic preference.

1

اصولاً هر تغییری در ابتدا سخت است.

In principle, every change is difficult at first.

Generalizing a psychological state.

2

این طرح اصولاً با قوانین ما تضاد دارد.

This plan fundamentally conflicts with our rules.

Using 'tazad' (conflict) with 'Osoolan'.

3

اصولاً انسان‌ها به دنبال آرامش هستند.

Fundamentally, humans seek peace.

Philosophical generalization.

4

او اصولاً به قول‌هایش عمل نمی‌کند.

Basically, he doesn't keep his promises.

Describing a consistent behavior.

5

اصولاً در این منطقه باران زیاد می‌بارد.

Basically, it rains a lot in this region.

Geographical generalization.

6

من اصولاً با سیاست‌های شرکت موافقم.

I fundamentally agree with the company's policies.

Formal agreement.

7

اصولاً یادگیری زبان زمان‌بر است.

In principle, language learning is time-consuming.

Stating a pedagogical truth.

8

این مشکل اصولاً به خاطر کمبود بودجه است.

This problem is basically due to a lack of budget.

Identifying a root cause.

1

اصولاً هنر باید آزاد و مستقل باشد.

In principle, art should be free and independent.

Expressing a normative principle.

2

این نظریه اصولاً بر پایه مشاهدات است.

This theory is fundamentally based on observations.

Scientific register.

3

اصولاً نمی‌توان بدون تلاش به موفقیت رسید.

Fundamentally, one cannot achieve success without effort.

Universal truth with 'nemishavad'.

4

او اصولاً از پذیرفتن اشتباهاتش خودداری می‌کند.

He basically refrains from admitting his mistakes.

Complex behavioral description.

5

اصولاً ساختار این سازمان نیاز به اصلاح دارد.

Fundamentally, the structure of this organization needs reform.

Organizational critique.

6

این دو فرهنگ اصولاً با هم متفاوت هستند.

These two cultures are fundamentally different from each other.

Comparative analysis.

7

اصولاً آموزش و پرورش باید برای همه رایگان باشد.

In principle, education should be free for everyone.

Political/Social stance.

8

او اصولاً به هیچ دینی اعتقاد ندارد.

Basically, he doesn't believe in any religion.

Stating a fundamental belief/lack thereof.

1

اصولاً هر پدیده‌ای علتی دارد که باید بررسی شود.

Fundamentally, every phenomenon has a cause that must be investigated.

Causal reasoning.

2

این رویکرد اصولاً با مبانی اخلاقی ما ناسازگار است.

This approach is fundamentally incompatible with our ethical foundations.

Ethical/Formal register.

3

اصولاً قدرت تمایل به فساد دارد.

Fundamentally, power tends to corrupt.

Political aphorism.

4

او اصولاً در پی کسب منافع شخصی است.

Basically, he is in pursuit of personal interests.

Critical analysis of motive.

5

اصولاً زبان بازتابی از فرهنگ یک ملت است.

Fundamentally, language is a reflection of a nation's culture.

Sociolinguistic principle.

6

این پروژه اصولاً از نظر اقتصادی توجیه ندارد.

This project is fundamentally not economically justified.

Business/Economic register.

7

اصولاً دموکراسی بدون آزادی بیان معنا ندارد.

In principle, democracy has no meaning without freedom of speech.

Political theory.

8

او اصولاً با هرگونه اقتدارگرایی مخالف است.

He is fundamentally opposed to any kind of authoritarianism.

Ideological stance.

1

اصولاً هستی‌شناسی بر معرفت‌شناسی مقدم است.

Fundamentally, ontology precedes epistemology.

Philosophical terminology.

2

این متن اصولاً در پی بازسازی هویت ملی است.

This text is fundamentally seeking to reconstruct national identity.

Literary/Critical theory.

3

اصولاً عدالت فراتر از اجرای صرف قوانین است.

In principle, justice is beyond the mere execution of laws.

Legal philosophy.

4

او اصولاً به نسبیت‌گرایی فرهنگی معتقد است.

He fundamentally believes in cultural relativism.

Advanced social science register.

5

اصولاً هر گفتمانی بر پایه قدرت شکل می‌گیرد.

Fundamentally, every discourse is formed based on power.

Post-structuralist thought.

6

این معماری اصولاً با محیط زیست همخوانی دارد.

This architecture is fundamentally in harmony with the environment.

Specialized technical praise.

7

اصولاً حقیقت در پسِ پرده‌ای از ابهام نهفته است.

Fundamentally, truth lies behind a veil of ambiguity.

Poetic/Philosophical register.

8

او اصولاً با نگاهی تقلیل‌گرایانه به مسائل می‌نگرد.

He fundamentally looks at issues with a reductionist view.

Epistemological critique.

常见搭配

اصولاً مخالف بودن
اصولاً موافق بودن
اصولاً درست بودن
اصولاً غلط بودن
اصولاً غیرممکن بودن
اصولاً متفاوت بودن
اصولاً لازم بودن
اصولاً تغییر کردن
اصولاً بر پایه...
اصولاً به خاطر...

常用短语

اصولاً حرف شما درست است
من اصولاً با این کار مخالفم
اصولاً چنین چیزی وجود ندارد
او اصولاً آدم ساکتی است
اصولاً راه دیگری نیست
اصولاً همه چیز ممکن است
این اصولاً یک مشکل فنی است
اصولاً نباید اینطور باشد
اصولاً در این مورد بحثی نیست
اصولاً هر کسی حق دارد...

容易混淆的词

اصولاً vs معمولاً

Means 'usually' (frequency), while Osoolan means 'fundamentally' (principle).

اصولاً vs احتمالاً

Means 'probably', expressing doubt, while Osoolan expresses a general rule.

اصولاً vs ظاهراً

Means 'apparently' (outward appearance), while Osoolan is about the inner principle.

习语与表达

"اصولاً و فروعاً"
"از اصل و اصول افتادن"
"پایبند به اصول بودن"
"خلاف اصول عمل کردن"
"اصول کار را دانستن"
"بی‌اصول بودن"
"اصولاً حرف زدن"
"روی اصول پیش رفتن"
"اصلِ اصول"
"اصولاً و اساساً"

容易混淆

اصولاً vs

اصولاً vs

اصولاً vs

اصولاً vs

اصولاً vs

句型

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如何使用

nuance

Implies a structural or logical necessity.

caution

Avoid in very casual slang unless being ironic.

常见错误
  • Using it to mean 'actually' (use 'dar vaghe').
  • Using it for frequency like 'usually' (use 'ma'moolan').
  • Mispronouncing the tanvin as 'oon'.
  • Overusing it in casual text messages.
  • Forgetting it is an adverb and trying to use it as a noun.

小贴士

Academic Writing

Use 'Osoolan' to define the scope of your argument.

Sound Smart

Using 'Osoolan' instead of 'Kollan' makes you sound more educated.

Tanvin

Remember the '-an' suffix is only for adverbs of Arabic origin.

Word Family

Connect it to 'Asl' (Original) to remember the meaning.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Osoolan', expect a general rule to follow.

Intellectualism

Iranians love discussing 'Osool' (principles). Join the club!

Variety

Swap with 'Asasan' to keep your writing interesting.

News

You'll see this word in almost every editorial in Persian newspapers.

Debates

Use it to politely disagree by attacking the principle, not the person.

Root Study

Learning the root 'A-S-L' unlocks dozens of other Persian words.

记住它

记忆技巧

O-SOO-LAN: 'Oh, So Logical, And Native' - use it for logical, fundamental truths.

词源

Arabic

文化背景

Formal/Academic

High in media/education

Sounds authoritative and logical.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"اصولاً نظر شما درباره این موضوع چیست؟"

"آیا اصولاً با این پیشنهاد موافقید؟"

"اصولاً چه چیزی باعث موفقیت می‌شود؟"

"شما اصولاً چطور اوقات فراغت خود را می‌گذرانید؟"

"اصولاً در شهر شما هوا چطور است؟"

日记主题

اصولاً چه ارزش‌هایی در زندگی برای شما مهم هستند؟

آیا اصولاً به شانس اعتقاد دارید یا تلاش؟

اصولاً یک دوست خوب باید چه ویژگی‌هایی داشته باشد؟

اصولاً چرا یادگیری زبان جدید سخت است؟

اصولاً در ده سال آینده خود را کجا می‌بینید؟

常见问题

10 个问题

It is an Arabic root (Asl) with an Arabic suffix (-an), but it is fully integrated into Persian and used very frequently.

Yes, but it sounds a bit more formal than 'basically' in English. It's common in serious discussions.

They are very similar. 'Asasan' is 'fundamentally' (foundation), while 'Osoolan' is 'in principle' (rules). Often they are interchangeable.

No, it can also go before the verb or after the subject to change the emphasis.

Less common in classical poetry, but very common in modern intellectual prose and essays.

Technically no, but since principles often lead to usual behavior, there is some overlap. Stick to 'Ma'moolan' for frequency.

Like the 'an' in 'can' or 'pan'. It is a short, crisp nasalized vowel sound.

It's a mid-level word. Every high school student in Iran knows and uses it.

Yes, e.g., 'Osoolan bad ast' (It is fundamentally bad).

Words like 'Estesna'an' (exceptionally) or 'Ettefaghan' (incidentally).

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自我测试 175 个问题

writing

Write a sentence using 'اصولاً' to describe your diet.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Explain why you like Persian music using 'اصولاً'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'In principle, I agree with you.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Basically, there is no other way.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen and identify the adverb: 'Osoolan in kar dorost nist.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'Basically, I am happy.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'In principle, the law is for everyone.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Basically, it's not important.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Fundamentally, we are different.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the word: 'Osoolan bayad talash kard.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'Basically, it is cold in winter.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'In principle, I don't accept this.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Basically, he is a teacher.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'In principle, we should go.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify: 'Osoolan in kar ghalat ast.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'Basically, the book is interesting.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'In principle, we don't have time.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Basically, it's finished.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'In principle, I don't like him.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify: 'Osoolan bayad raft.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'Basically, I am a student.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'In principle, we need more money.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Basically, it's easy.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'In principle, I don't agree.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify: 'Osoolan nemishavad.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'Basically, I am a student.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'In principle, we need more money.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Basically, it's easy.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'In principle, I don't agree.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify: 'Osoolan nemishavad.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'Basically, I am a student.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write: 'In principle, we need more money.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'Basically, it's easy.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'In principle, I don't agree.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify: 'Osoolan nemishavad.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 175 correct

Perfect score!

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