B2 Verb Forms 1 min read 困难

Second Causative Construction

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the second causative when you get someone to make a third person do an action.

  • Add -av to the root for first causative: 'kar' (do) -> 'karav' (make do).
  • Add -dav to the root for second causative: 'kar' (do) -> 'kardav' (get someone to make someone do).
  • The subject is the one who initiates the chain of action, not the one performing it.
Subject + (Agent 1) + (Agent 2) + Verb-dav

Meanings

The second causative indicates that the subject causes a second person to cause a third person to perform an action.

1

Indirect Causation

Causing an action through an intermediary.

“મેં તેને પત્ર લખાવડાવ્યો.”

“તેણે મને ખાવાનું ખવડાવ્યું.”

Causative Verb Formation

Root Meaning 1st Causative 2nd Causative
kar do karav kardav
lakh write lakhav lakhdav
kha eat khav khadav
pi drink piv pidav
bol speak bolav boldav
padh read padhav padhdav

Reference Table

Reference table for Second Causative Construction
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subj + Obj + Verb-dav મેં કામ કરાવડાવ્યું
Negative Subj + na + Verb-dav મેં કામ ન કરાવડાવ્યું
Question Shu + Subj + Verb-dav? શું તમે કામ કરાવડાવ્યું?
Past Verb-dav-yu મેં કરાવડાવ્યું
Present Verb-dav-e che હું કરાવડાવું છું
Future Verb-dav-she હું કરાવડાવીશ

正式程度

正式
મેં મેનેજર પાસે રિપોર્ટ તૈયાર કરાવડાવ્યો.

મેં મેનેજર પાસે રિપોર્ટ તૈયાર કરાવડાવ્યો. (Workplace)

中性
મેં રિપોર્ટ તૈયાર કરાવડાવ્યો.

મેં રિપોર્ટ તૈયાર કરાવડાવ્યો. (Workplace)

非正式
મેં રિપોર્ટ કરાવી દીધો.

મેં રિપોર્ટ કરાવી દીધો. (Workplace)

俚语
રિપોર્ટ પતાવી દીધો.

રિપોર્ટ પતાવી દીધો. (Workplace)

Causative Chain

Subject

Agent 1

  • Ramesh Intermediary

Agent 2

  • Mahesh Performer

Examples by Level

1

મેં કામ કર્યું.

I did the work.

2

મેં તેને બોલાવ્યો.

I called him.

3

તેણે મને જોયો.

He saw me.

4

મેં ખાધું.

I ate.

1

મેં તેને કામ કરાવ્યું.

I made him do the work.

2

માતાએ મને જમાડ્યો.

Mother fed me.

3

તેણે મને લખાવ્યું.

He made me write.

4

મેં તેને હસાવ્યો.

I made him laugh.

1

મેં રમેશ પાસે કામ કરાવડાવ્યું.

I got Ramesh to do the work.

2

તેણે મને પત્ર લખાવડાવ્યો.

He got me to write the letter.

3

મેં તેને પાણી પીવડાવડાવ્યું.

I got him to make someone drink water.

4

તેણે મને ઘર સાફ કરાવડાવ્યું.

He got me to clean the house.

1

મેં મેનેજર પાસે પ્રોજેક્ટ પૂરો કરાવડાવ્યો.

I got the manager to finish the project.

2

તેણે મને વકીલ પાસે કાગળ તૈયાર કરાવડાવ્યો.

He got me to have the lawyer prepare the document.

3

મેં તેને ડૉક્ટર પાસે તપાસ કરાવડાવી.

I got him to have the doctor check it.

4

તેણે મને શિક્ષક પાસે પાઠ ભણાવડાવ્યો.

He got me to have the teacher teach the lesson.

1

મેં અધિકારી પાસે ફાઈલ મંજૂર કરાવડાવી.

I got the officer to approve the file.

2

તેણે મને આર્કિટેક્ટ પાસે નકશો બનાવડાવ્યો.

He got me to have the architect make the map.

3

મેં તેને એજન્ટ પાસે ટિકિટ બુક કરાવડાવી.

I got him to have the agent book the ticket.

4

તેણે મને સુથાર પાસે ટેબલ બનાવડાવ્યું.

He got me to have the carpenter make the table.

1

મેં મંત્રી પાસે આ યોજના અમલમાં મુકાવડાવી.

I got the minister to implement this scheme.

2

તેણે મને નિષ્ણાત પાસે તપાસ કરાવડાવી.

He got me to have the expert conduct the investigation.

3

મેં તેને સલાહકાર પાસે રિપોર્ટ તૈયાર કરાવડાવ્યો.

I got him to have the consultant prepare the report.

4

તેણે મને કલાકાર પાસે ચિત્ર દોરાવડાવ્યું.

He got me to have the artist draw the picture.

Easily Confused

Second Causative Construction 对比 First vs Second Causative

Learners often use the first causative when they mean the second.

Second Causative Construction 对比 Transitive vs Causative

Confusing simple transitive verbs with causative forms.

Second Causative Construction 对比 Pase vs Ne

Using 'ne' for the agent instead of 'pase'.

常见错误

Me kam karyu

Me kam karavdyu

Confusing direct action with causative.

Me Ramesh kam karyu

Me Ramesh pase kam karavdyu

Missing the 'pase' marker.

Me lakhav

Me lakhavdyu

Using the root instead of the conjugated form.

Me bolav

Me bolavdyu

Incorrect suffix usage.

Me Ramesh ne kam karavdyu

Me Ramesh pase kam karavdyu

Using 'ne' instead of 'pase' for the agent.

Me kam karav

Me kam karavdyu

Incorrect tense.

Ramesh ne kam karavdyu

Ramesh pase kam karavdyu

Agent marker error.

Me Ramesh ne Mahesh pase kam karavdyu

Me Ramesh pase Mahesh pase kam karavdyu

Double 'ne' usage.

Me kam karavdyu che

Me kam karavdyu

Redundant auxiliary.

Ramesh ne Mahesh ne kam karavdyu

Ramesh pase Mahesh pase kam karavdyu

Incorrect agent markers.

Me adhikari ne file manjur karavdyu

Me adhikari pase file manjur karavdyi

Gender agreement error.

Me te ne karavdyu

Me teni pase karavdyu

Pronoun case error.

Me kam karavdyu hato

Me kam karavdyu hatu

Gender agreement error.

Sentence Patterns

મેં ___ પાસે ___ કામ કરાવડાવ્યું.

તેણે મને ___ પાસે ___ લખાવડાવ્યું.

શું તમે ___ પાસે ___ કરાવડાવ્યું?

મેં તેને ___ પાસે ___ બનાવડાવ્યું.

Real World Usage

Workplace Delegation very common

મેં મેનેજર પાસે રિપોર્ટ તૈયાર કરાવડાવ્યો.

Household Services common

મેં સુથાર પાસે ટેબલ બનાવડાવ્યું.

Medical Appointments occasional

મેં તેને ડૉક્ટર પાસે તપાસ કરાવડાવી.

Legal Matters occasional

મેં વકીલ પાસે કાગળ તૈયાર કરાવડાવ્યો.

Education common

શિક્ષકે વિદ્યાર્થી પાસે પાઠ ભણાવડાવ્યો.

Social Media occasional

મેં એડિટર પાસે વિડિયો એડિટ કરાવડાવ્યો.

💡

Use 'pase'

Always use 'pase' to mark the intermediary agent.
⚠️

Don't confuse suffixes

Ensure you use 'dav' for the second causative, not just 'av'.
🎯

Context is key

Use this in professional settings to sound more authoritative.
💬

Politeness

Using causative forms can be seen as more polite than direct commands.

Smart Tips

Use the second causative to sound professional and clear.

Me kam karyu. Me Ramesh pase kam karavdyu.

Identify the three agents first.

Me kam karavdyu. Me Ramesh pase Mahesh pase kam karavdyu.

Use formal causative forms.

Me report banavyo. Me manager pase report banavdyo.

Use causative to show you are managing, not just doing.

Me project karyo. Me project puravdyo.

发音

dav

Dav suffix

The 'dav' suffix should be pronounced clearly with a short 'a' sound.

Statement

મેં કામ કરાવડાવ્યું. ↘

Falling intonation for declarative sentences.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Dav is the double-doer: if you see 'dav', someone is getting someone else to do it.

Visual Association

Imagine a puppet master (Subject) pulling a string to a puppet (Agent 1), who then pulls a string to another puppet (Agent 2) who actually does the work.

Rhyme

When you want the work to flow, add 'dav' to make it go.

Story

I wanted a chair. I told Ramesh to tell the carpenter to make it. I used the second causative to describe this chain of events.

Word Web

karavdavlakhavdavkhavdavdavbolavdavpadhdavdavkarav

挑战

Write three sentences today using the second causative to describe tasks you delegated.

文化笔记

Delegation is highly valued. Using the second causative shows you are managing resources effectively.

Derived from Sanskrit causative structures.

Conversation Starters

તમે કોઈની પાસે કામ કરાવડાવ્યું છે?

તમે ક્યારેય કોઈને કંઈક લખાવડાવ્યું છે?

તમે કોઈને કંઈક ખવડાવડાવ્યું છે?

તમે કોઈને કંઈક બનાવડાવ્યું છે?

Journal Prompts

Write about a time you managed a project.
Describe how you get things done in your office.
Explain a complex task you delegated.
Write a story about a king and his servants.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

મેં રમેશ પાસે કામ ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: કરાવડાવ્યું
Second causative requires 'dav'.
Choose the correct form. 多项选择

Which is the second causative?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: કરાવડાવ્યું
The 'dav' suffix is the marker.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

મેં રમેશ ને કામ કરાવડાવ્યું.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: મેં રમેશ પાસે કામ કરાવડાવ્યું
Use 'pase' for the agent.
Transform to second causative. Sentence Transformation

મેં કામ કર્યું.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: મેં કામ કરાવડાવ્યું
Add 'dav' suffix.
Match the verb. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lakhdav
Root + dav.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use: Me, Ramesh, kam, karavdyu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me Ramesh pase kam karavdyu
Correct word order.
Conjugate 'bol'. Conjugation Drill

Second causative of 'bol'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: boldav
Root + dav.
True or False? True False Rule

Second causative involves 3 agents.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Subject, Intermediary, Performer.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

મેં રમેશ પાસે કામ ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: કરાવડાવ્યું
Second causative requires 'dav'.
Choose the correct form. 多项选择

Which is the second causative?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: કરાવડાવ્યું
The 'dav' suffix is the marker.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

મેં રમેશ ને કામ કરાવડાવ્યું.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: મેં રમેશ પાસે કામ કરાવડાવ્યું
Use 'pase' for the agent.
Transform to second causative. Sentence Transformation

મેં કામ કર્યું.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: મેં કામ કરાવડાવ્યું
Add 'dav' suffix.
Match the verb. Match Pairs

Match 'lakh' to its second causative.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lakhdav
Root + dav.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use: Me, Ramesh, kam, karavdyu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me Ramesh pase kam karavdyu
Correct word order.
Conjugate 'bol'. Conjugation Drill

Second causative of 'bol'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: boldav
Root + dav.
True or False? True False Rule

Second causative involves 3 agents.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Subject, Intermediary, Performer.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

First causative is 'I make you do it'. Second causative is 'I get you to make someone else do it'.

Use 'pase' to indicate the intermediary agent in a causative sentence.

It is more common in formal or professional settings.

Most transitive verbs can be used in the causative form.

The sentence may become ambiguous or grammatically incorrect.

Add 'na' before the verb.

Yes, causative is about agency, passive is about the object.

Some verbs have unique forms, but most follow the 'dav' rule.

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

hacer + infinitive

Gujarati is morphological, Spanish is periphrastic.

French moderate

faire + infinitive

Gujarati is morphological, French is periphrastic.

German moderate

lassen + infinitive

Gujarati is morphological, German is periphrastic.

Japanese high

causative suffix -saseru

Japanese has a more complex honorific system.

Arabic moderate

Form IV (Af'ala)

Arabic uses root-pattern modification.

Chinese low

shǐ (使)

Chinese is analytic, Gujarati is synthetic.

Was this helpful?
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人!