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B1 noun 10分钟阅读

孤立

koritsu

开始练习例句笔记与提示孤立 30秒了解

解析孤立 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '孤立' (koritsu) often, but you might see it in simple news reports or weather warnings. Think of it as 'very alone' or 'stuck.' For example, if a road is closed and a car cannot move, it is 'isolated.' At this stage, focus on the fact that 'ko' means 'lone' and 'ritsu' means 'stand.' It is like a person standing all by themselves in a big field. Most A1 learners use 'hitori' (one person) to mean alone. 'Koritsu' is a much 'bigger' and more 'serious' word. You might hear it on TV when there is a lot of snow. It means people cannot get out of their houses to buy food. It is a state of having no help from others. Just remember: Koritsu = No help + Standing alone.

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At the A2 level, you can start to understand '孤立' in the context of social situations. You might learn that some people feel 'isolated' in a new school or a new country. It is more than just being 'hitori' (alone); it means you don't have friends or connections to help you. You will see this word in basic Japanese textbooks when talking about social problems in Japan, like the elderly living alone. You should learn the phrase 'koritsu suru' (to become isolated). For example: 'He is isolated in the class' (Kare wa kurasu de koritsu shite iru). This means he has no one to talk to. It is a useful word for describing a sad or difficult situation where someone is cut off from a group. It is often a negative word at this level.

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As a B1 learner, you should be able to use '孤立' (koritsu) to describe both physical and social states. This is the level where the word becomes very important for reading news articles. You should understand that 'koritsu' is an objective state—it describes a fact. For example, 'The village was isolated by the earthquake.' You should also start using it to discuss social issues, such as 'social isolation' (shakaiteki koritsu). You can distinguish it from 'kodoku' (loneliness). 'Kodoku' is how you feel inside, but 'koritsu' is the fact that you are separated from others. You should also learn common verb pairings like 'koritsu o fusegu' (to prevent isolation). This level requires you to understand the nuance of being 'without support' or 'without a safety net.'

At the B2 level, you should master the various shades of '孤立' in professional and academic contexts. You will encounter it in discussions about international relations, where a country might be 'internationally isolated' (kokusaiteki ni koritsu suru) due to its policies. You should also be comfortable with compound words like 'koritsu-muen' (isolated and helpless). At this level, you can use the word metaphorically. For example, an idea that no one supports can be 'isolated.' You should also understand the causative form 'koritsu saseru' (to isolate someone) and the passive 'koritsu saserareru' (to be isolated by others). This is often used when talking about workplace dynamics or political strategies. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the structural reasons why isolation occurs, not just the fact that it exists.

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At the C1 level, '孤立' (koritsu) is used to analyze complex sociological and philosophical themes. You will find it in academic papers discussing 'urban isolation' or the 'atomization of society.' You should be able to discuss the 'isolated system' (koritsu-kei) in science or the 'isolated point' (koritsu-ten) in mathematics. In literature, you will see 'koritsu' used to describe the existential condition of modern humans. You should be able to use the word to describe subtle nuances, such as 'functional isolation' in a business organization where departments fail to communicate. You should also be aware of historical contexts, such as the 'splendid isolation' (eikou aru koritsu) of 19th-century Britain, and how such concepts are translated and understood in a Japanese context. Your mastery should include the ability to use 'koritsu' in a way that sounds both precise and sophisticated.

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At the C2 level, your understanding of '孤立' (koritsu) should be near-native, encompassing its deepest philosophical and geopolitical implications. You can use it to critique social structures, discussing how systemic 'koritsu' leads to the erosion of 'social capital.' You are comfortable using it in high-level debates about 'isolationism' (koritsu-shugi) in foreign policy. You can appreciate the word's use in classical or high-modernist Japanese literature, where the tension between 'koritsu' (isolation) and 'rentai' (solidarity) is a central theme. You understand the rhythmic and aesthetic value of the word in a sentence, choosing it over synonyms like 'sogai' or 'bunri' to evoke a specific sense of 'standing alone against the world.' At this level, 'koritsu' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual tool used to describe the boundaries of the self, the nation, and the universe.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

孤立 30秒了解

孤立 means being cut off or separated from a group or help.
It is used for both physical situations (disasters) and social issues (exclusion).
Unlike 'loneliness' (internal), this word describes an objective 'state' (external).
Commonly used in news, sociology, and international politics.

The Japanese word 孤立 (こりつ - koritsu) is a powerful noun and Suru-verb that describes the state of being cut off, separated, or standing alone without support. At its linguistic core, the kanji 孤 (ko) signifies an orphan or someone solitary, while 立 (ritsu) means to stand. Together, they create a vivid image of 'standing as an orphan' or 'standing in total solitude.' Unlike the word kodoku (loneliness), which focuses heavily on the internal emotional feeling of being lonely, 孤立 is more objective and descriptive of a situational or structural reality. It is frequently used in news reports to describe mountain climbers stranded by snow, villages cut off by earthquakes, or nations facing diplomatic sanctions on the global stage. In modern Japanese sociology, it has become a critical keyword for discussing the 'social isolation' (社会的孤立 - shakaiteki koritsu) of the elderly or the youth who have withdrawn from society. When you use this word, you are emphasizing the lack of connection, the absence of help, and the physical or social barriers that keep an entity apart from the collective whole.

Situational Isolation: This refers to physical circumstances where access is denied. For example, after a heavy landslide, a mountain village might become 孤立 because the only road is destroyed. Here, it is a technical term for being 'stranded.'
Social Exclusion: In a school or workplace setting, if a person is ignored by their peers or deliberately left out of group activities, they are in a state of 孤立. It describes the structural phenomenon of being an outsider.
Diplomatic Context: When a country acts against international law and other nations break off ties or impose sanctions, that country is said to be 'internationally isolated' (国際的に孤立する).

大雪の影響で、その村は完全に孤立してしまった。(Due to the heavy snow, that village has become completely isolated.)

Example of physical isolation in a disaster context.

Understanding the weight of 孤立 is essential for intermediate learners because it appears constantly in the media. It carries a sense of vulnerability. In Japanese culture, which values wa (harmony) and group cohesion, being isolated is often viewed as a serious crisis rather than a romanticized choice of independence. While 'solitude' in English can sometimes be positive (like 'solitude for reflection'), 孤立 almost always carries a negative or cautionary nuance, suggesting a dangerous lack of a safety net.

彼は自分の意見を曲げなかったため、チーム内で孤立した。(Because he wouldn't change his opinion, he became isolated within the team.)

Psychological Depth: Psychologists use this term to describe the lack of 'kizuna' (bonds). It is the state where one feels there is no one to turn to in times of trouble.

In summary, 孤立 is a versatile term ranging from the physical blocking of roads to the metaphorical blocking of human hearts. It is a state of 'standing apart' that usually requires intervention or resolution to prevent harm.

Using 孤立 (koritsu) correctly requires understanding its function as both a noun and a Suru-verb (孤立する). Because it describes a state, it is often paired with verbs of movement or result, such as 深める (fukameru - to deepen), 防ぐ (fusegu - to prevent), or 招く (maneku - to bring about/invite). When someone becomes isolated, we use the intransitive form 孤立する. If an external force causes the isolation, we might use the passive 孤立させられる or the causative 孤立させる.

SNSの普及により、逆に社会的な孤立を深める人もいる。(With the spread of SNS, conversely, some people are deepening their social isolation.)

In formal writing, 孤立 often acts as a prefix or part of a compound noun. For example, 孤立無援 (koritsu-muen) is a four-kanji idiom (yojijukugo) meaning to be 'isolated and without help,' standing completely alone in a fight or struggle. This is a common way to express extreme helplessness in literature or news reports. Another common compound is 孤立集落 (koritsu-shuuraku), which refers to a 'stranded settlement' during natural disasters.

Verb Pairing: ~を深める (fukameru): To deepen isolation. This is used when the gap between an individual and society grows wider over time. Example: 'He deepened his isolation by cutting off contact with his family.'
Verb Pairing: ~から孤立する (kara koritsu suru): To be isolated FROM something. The particle 'kara' indicates the group or entity that the subject is separated from. Example: 'Being isolated from the international community.'

政府は高齢者の孤立を防ぐための対策を講じている。(The government is taking measures to prevent the isolation of the elderly.)

When discussing technical or academic topics, 孤立 is treated as a clinical state. In mathematics, an 'isolated point' is 孤立点 (koritsu-ten). In chemistry or physics, an 'isolated system' is 孤立系 (koritsu-kei). This demonstrates that the word is not just for human social dynamics but applies to any entity that exists without interaction or exchange with its environment. As a learner, mastering the transition from physical 'strandedness' to social 'exclusion' will help you sound more natural in Japanese conversations about current events.

You will encounter 孤立 (koritsu) in several distinct domains of Japanese life. The most frequent is the Daily News (ニュース). Japan is a country prone to natural disasters like typhoons, earthquakes, and heavy snow. During these events, the word 孤立 is used as a status report. News anchors will say, '100 households are currently isolated due to the bridge collapse' (橋の崩落で100世帯が孤立しています). In this context, it is a neutral, factual report of a physical state. It conveys urgency and the need for rescue operations.

「現在、土砂崩れによって数十人が孤立状態にあります。」(Currently, dozens of people are in a state of isolation due to a landslide.)

The second domain is Sociology and Politics (社会・政治). Japan faces a significant issue with an aging population and declining birthrate. Terms like 孤独死 (kodoku-shi - lonely death) are often linked to 社会的孤立 (social isolation). You will hear politicians and social workers discussing how to rebuild communities to prevent people from falling into 孤立. In international politics, Japan’s history involves a period of self-imposed isolation called 鎖国 (sakoku), but modern discussions often focus on avoiding 国際的孤立 (international isolation) through diplomacy.

Workplace & School: You might hear this word in discussions about 'Ijime' (bullying). If a student is being 'mushi' (ignored), teachers or counselors will describe the student as being 孤立 in the classroom. It highlights the seriousness of the social exclusion.
Literature and Drama: In Japanese novels (like those by Natsume Soseki or modern authors like Haruki Murakami), the theme of the 'isolated individual' in a crowded city is common. The word 孤立 is used to describe the protagonist's existential state.

独裁的なリーダーは、最終的に周囲から孤立することが多い。(Dictatorial leaders often end up isolated from those around them.)

Finally, in Business (ビジネス), if a department is not sharing information with other departments, it might be called 孤立した部署 (an isolated department). This is similar to the English concept of 'silos.' Understanding that 孤立 appears in both life-and-death disaster scenarios and everyday office politics will give you a well-rounded grasp of its importance in the Japanese lexicon.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make is confusing 孤立 (koritsu) with 孤独 (kodoku). While both are translated as 'isolation' or 'loneliness' in some dictionaries, they serve very different functions in Japanese. 孤独 is a subjective, internal feeling. You can feel 孤独 even in a crowd. 孤立, however, is an objective, external state. You are 孤立 because the bridge is broken or because people refuse to talk to you. You might be 孤立 without feeling 孤独 (e.g., a strong-willed hermit), and you might feel 孤独 without being 孤立 (e.g., a person with many friends who feels misunderstood).

Mistake: Using 'Koritsu' for 'Loneliness': Wrong: 'I am koritsu today because I miss my mom.' (私は今日母に会いたくて孤立しています。)
Right: 'I am kodoku/sabishii today...' (私は今日寂しいです。). 孤立 sounds like you are literally stranded on an island.
Mistake: Confusing with 'Hitori': 'Hitori' means 'one person.' If you say 'Hitori de iru' (I am alone), it's a simple fact. If you say 'Koritsu shite iru,' it implies a problem or a lack of support. Don't use 孤立 just to mean you are currently by yourself at a cafe.

× 彼は一人で本を読むのが好きなので、孤立しています。
○ 彼は一人で本を読むのが好きなので、一人でいます。(He likes reading alone, so he is by himself.)

Correction: Unless the person reading is being shunned by society, 'koritsu' is too heavy a word for just enjoying some alone time.

Another mistake involves the 'level' of the word. 孤立 is a B1 level word, meaning it is formal and serious. Using it in a very casual joking context with friends might sound overly dramatic. For example, if your friends go to a movie without you, saying 'I'm isolated!' (孤立した！) sounds like you are declaring a major social crisis. In that case, 'nokosareta' (I was left behind) or 'haburareta' (I was excluded - slang) would be more appropriate.

Lastly, remember that 孤立 usually requires a 'from what' context. Are you isolated from the group (shudan kara), from society (shakai kara), or from help (tasuke kara)? Without this implied or stated context, the word can feel incomplete in a sentence.

Japanese has many words for 'aloneness' and 'separation.' Choosing the right one depends on whether you want to emphasize the emotion, the physical distance, or the social status. 孤立 (koritsu) is the most 'clinical' and 'situational' among them. Let's compare it to its closest relatives.

孤独 (Kodoku) - Loneliness / Solitude: Emphasis: Inner feeling. Usage: 'I feel lonely' (Kodoku o kanjiru). It can also mean a poetic or chosen solitude. Unlike 孤立, it's about the heart, not just the situation.
疎外 (Sogai) - Alienation / Ostracism: Emphasis: The act of being pushed away. Usage: 'Sogai-kan' (the feeling of being alienated). While 孤立 is the result (the state), 疎外 often implies the process of others pushing you out.
分離 (Bunri) - Separation / Detachment: Emphasis: Physical or logical division. Usage: 'Separation of church and state' (Seiki-bunri). This is a more technical word for things being apart, rather than a person being without support.
絶縁 (Zetsuen) - Breaking off relations / Insulation: Emphasis: Cutting a connection. Usage: Cutting off a family member or electrical insulation. It is more active and final than 孤立.

彼は自分から周囲との関係を断ち、自ら孤立を選んだ。(He cut off relations with those around him and chose isolation for himself.)

In some contexts, you might use 孤島 (kotou) which literally means 'isolated island' as a metaphor for a person or place that is cut off. In slang, young people might use ボッチ (bocchi) to describe someone who is always alone (from 'hitoribocchi'). However, ボッチ is very informal and often self-deprecating, whereas 孤立 is a serious sociological or situational term.

When writing, if you want to sound academic or journalistic, 孤立 is your go-to word. If you are writing a poem or a diary entry about your feelings, 孤独 or 寂しさ (sabishisa) will likely be more appropriate. Understanding these nuances allows you to navigate the complex social landscape of the Japanese language with precision.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The kanji 孤 (ko) contains the radical for 'child' (子) and 'melon' (瓜). Ancient interpretations suggest a child as small and solitary as a single melon on a vine.

发音指南

UK ko.ɾi.tsɯ

US ko.ɾi.tsɯ

The pitch accent is 'Heiban' (Flat) or 'Atamadaka' depending on regional dialect, but standardly it starts low and rises on 'ri'.

押韵词

Kouritsu (efficiency) Shoritsu (various rates) Doritsu (same rate) Toritsu (metropolitan) Kyoritsu (joint) Choritsu (tuning) Moritsu Shoritsu

常见错误

Pronouncing 'tsu' like 'too'.
Elongating the 'o' in 'ko' (it should be short).
Strongly rolling the 'r' like in Spanish.
Mixing up the pitch with 'koritsu' (efficiency - which has a different accent).
Forgetting the 'u' sound at the end of 'tsu' is often whispered (devoiced).

难度评级

阅读 3/5

The kanji are standard but the second one is very common. Easy to recognize after B1.

写作 4/5

The first kanji '孤' is slightly complex to write perfectly.

口语 2/5

Easy to pronounce, but watch the pitch accent.

听力 3/5

Can be confused with 'kouritsu' (efficiency) if not careful.

接下来学什么

前置知识

一人 (Hitori) 寂しい (Sabishii) 立つ (Tatsu) 社会 (Shakai) 助ける (Tasukeru)

接下来学习

疎外 (Sogai) 連帯 (Rentai) 孤独 (Kodoku) 排除 (Haijo) 絆 (Kizuna)

高级

孤立無援四面楚歌実存主義原子化社会的排除

需要掌握的语法

Suru-verbs

孤立する (to isolate)

Causative form

孤立させる (to make someone isolated)

Passive form

孤立させられる (to be isolated by someone)

Particle 'Kara'

集団から孤立する (to be isolated from the group)

Te-iru for state

孤立している (is in a state of isolation)

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按水平分级的例句

雪で、道が孤立しました。

The road was isolated by snow.

Simple past tense of 'koritsu shimashita'.

彼は一人で孤立しています。

He is isolated by himself.

Using 'te-iru' to show a continuous state.

村が孤立して、大変です。

The village is isolated, and it's serious.

Using '~te' to connect two simple clauses.

孤立するのは怖いです。

Being isolated is scary.

'No wa' turns the verb into a noun phrase.

山で孤立しました。

I was isolated in the mountains.

'De' indicates the location of the state.

助けがないと、孤立します。

Without help, you will be isolated.

'~to' indicates a natural consequence.

あの人はいつも孤立しています。

That person is always isolated.

'Itsumo' (always) emphasizes the habit.

孤立した家があります。

There is an isolated house.

Using 'koritsu shita' as an adjective for 'ie'.

新しい学校で孤立してしまった。

I ended up being isolated at the new school.

'~te shimatta' expresses regret or an unintended result.

お年寄りが孤立するのは問題です。

It is a problem that elderly people are isolated.

Subject marker 'ga' with a nominalized clause.

彼はグループから孤立している。

He is isolated from the group.

The particle 'kara' indicates the source of separation.

台風で、島が孤立した。

The island was isolated by the typhoon.

'De' indicates the cause (the typhoon).

誰とも話さず、孤立を深めた。

Without talking to anyone, he deepened his isolation.

'~zu' means 'without doing'.

孤立を防ぐために、みんなで話そう。

Let's talk together to prevent isolation.

'~tame ni' means 'in order to'.

彼は自分の意見のせいで孤立した。

He became isolated because of his own opinion.

'No sei de' indicates a negative cause.

孤立した村にヘリコプターが来た。

A helicopter came to the isolated village.

Adjectival use of the past tense verb.

SNSが普及しても、社会的な孤立は減っていない。

Even if SNS spreads, social isolation has not decreased.

'~te mo' means 'even if'.

その国は国際社会から孤立している。

That country is isolated from the international community.

Formal context using 'kokusai shakai'.

彼はクラスメートに無視され、孤立した。

He was ignored by his classmates and became isolated.

Passive voice 'mushi sare' leading to the result.

災害時に孤立しないよう、準備が必要だ。

Preparation is necessary so as not to be isolated during a disaster.

'~nai you' means 'so that (something) doesn't happen'.

都会の中での孤立は、深刻な問題だ。

Isolation in the middle of a big city is a serious problem.

Noun phrase 'tokai no naka de no koritsu'.

彼女は職場での孤立に耐えられなかった。

She couldn't bear the isolation at her workplace.

'~ni taerarenai' means 'cannot endure'.

政府は孤立した世帯を調査している。

The government is investigating isolated households.

Formal 'chousa shite iru' (investigating).

孤立無援の状態で戦い続けた。

He continued to fight in a state of being isolated and helpless.

Use of the four-kanji idiom 'koritsu-muen'.

強引な手法が裏目に出て、彼は社内で孤立を招いた。

His aggressive methods backfired, and he invited isolation within the company.

'~o maneku' means 'to bring about' or 'to invite' (usually something bad).

核実験の結果、その国はさらなる孤立を深めることになった。

As a result of the nuclear test, that country ended up deepening its isolation further.

'~koto ni natta' indicates an eventual result or decision.

独居老人の孤立死を防ぐネットワーク作りが急務だ。

Creating a network to prevent the lonely deaths of elderly living alone is an urgent matter.

Compound nouns: 'dokkyo roujin' and 'koritsu-shi'.

彼は周囲から孤立することを恐れず、真実を語った。

He spoke the truth without fearing isolation from those around him.

'~o osorezu' means 'without fearing'.

技術的な孤立を避けるため、共通規格を採用すべきだ。

To avoid technical isolation, we should adopt common standards.

Abstract usage in a business/tech context.

その政党は極端な主張により、政界で孤立している。

The political party is isolated in the political world due to its extreme claims.

Cause 'ni yori' (due to).

経済制裁は、その国を経済的に孤立させるのが目的だ。

The goal of economic sanctions is to isolate the country economically.

Causative 'koritsu saseru' (to make isolated).

集団の中での孤立は、個人の精神を蝕む。

Isolation within a group erodes an individual's spirit.

Metaphorical verb 'mushibamu' (to erode/eat away).

近代社会における個の孤立は、実存的な問いを我々に投げかける。

The isolation of the individual in modern society poses existential questions to us.

High-level academic 'ni okeru' (in/at).

外交的孤立を回避するため、政府は水面下での交渉を続けた。

To avoid diplomatic isolation, the government continued behind-the-scenes negotiations.

Idiom 'suimen-ka' (under the water surface/behind the scenes).

その理論は既存の科学体系から孤立した特異なものであった。

The theory was a unique one, isolated from the existing scientific system.

Describing an abstract concept as 'koritsu shita'.

自己のアイデンティティを保つための孤立は、時に崇高ですらある。

Isolation to maintain one's identity is sometimes even sublime.

'~desura aru' means 'is even (something extreme)'.

コミュニティの崩壊が、個人の孤立を加速させている。

The collapse of communities is accelerating the isolation of individuals.

Causative 'kasoku sasete iru' (is accelerating).

彼は組織の中で孤立無援の闘いを強いられた。

He was forced into an isolated and helpless struggle within the organization.

Passive 'shiirareta' (was forced).

情報の断絶は、判断の誤りとさらなる孤立を生む。

The severance of information leads to errors in judgment and further isolation.

Abstract cause-and-effect chain.

この数学的モデルにおける孤立点の挙動を解析する。

We will analyze the behavior of isolated points in this mathematical model.

Technical terminology 'koritsu-ten'.

栄光ある孤立から一転、英国は同盟の模索を余儀なくされた。

Turning from its 'splendid isolation,' Britain was forced to seek alliances.

Historical reference to 'Eikou aru koritsu'.

宇宙という広大な虚無の中での地球の孤立を思うとき、畏怖の念を抱く。

When I think of Earth's isolation in the vast void of space, I feel a sense of awe.

Literary 'ifu no nen' (sense of awe).

言語の壁による文化的な孤立は、相互不信の温床となり得る。

Cultural isolation due to language barriers can become a breeding ground for mutual distrust.

'~no onshou to nari uru' (can become a breeding ground for).

主権国家としての孤立を貫くか、協調の道を選ぶか、岐路に立たされている。

Whether to maintain isolation as a sovereign state or choose the path of cooperation, we stand at a crossroads.

Formal 'tsuranuku' (to persist/pierce through).

ニーチェ的超人は、大衆からの絶対的な孤立を前提としている。

The Nietzschean Ubermensch presupposes absolute isolation from the masses.

Philosophical context.

情報の氾濫がかえって個人の内面的な孤立を助長しているというパラドックス。

The paradox that the flood of information actually encourages the internal isolation of individuals.

Complex 'koto o jochou shite iru' (is encouraging/promoting - negative).

その作家の孤高な魂は、世俗的な成功と孤立の狭間で揺れ動いた。

The author's aloof soul wavered between worldly success and isolation.

'~no hazama de' (in the interval/gap between).

極限状態における人間の孤立は、倫理の境界線を曖昧にする。

Human isolation in extreme conditions blurs the boundaries of ethics.

Abstract philosophical observation.

近义词

隔離孤独疎外切り離し

反义词

交流協力統合

常见搭配

孤立を深める

孤立を防ぐ

孤立を招く

社会的な孤立

国際的な孤立

孤立状態

孤立無援

孤立させる

職場での孤立

孤立した集落

常用短语

孤立する

— To become isolated. The most common verb form.

彼はクラスで孤立した。

孤立感

— A sense of isolation. The feeling of being cut off.

都会で孤立感を感じる。

孤立死

— Isolated death. Dying alone without anyone noticing.

孤立死が増えている。

孤立系

— Isolated system. A term used in physics/thermodynamics.

孤立系のエネルギー。

孤立点

— Isolated point. A term used in mathematics.

グラフの孤立点。

孤立無援の戦い

— A lonely fight without any help.

彼は孤立無援の戦いに挑んだ。

精神的孤立

— Mental isolation. Being alone in one's thoughts.

精神的孤立は辛い。

経済的孤立

— Economic isolation. Being cut off from trade.

制裁で経済的孤立に陥る。

孤立政策

— Isolationist policy. A government's choice to be alone.

アメリカの孤立政策。

地理的孤立

— Geographical isolation. Being far from other places.

地理的孤立が文化を守った。

容易混淆的词

孤立 vs 孤独 (Kodoku)

Kodoku is emotional loneliness; Koritsu is situational isolation.

孤立 vs 効率 (Kouritsu)

Kouritsu means efficiency. They sound similar but have different kanji and meanings.

孤立 vs 公立 (Kouritsu)

Kouritsu means public (as in public school). Watch the first vowel length.

习语与表达

"孤立無援"

— Being completely alone without any help or allies.

彼は孤立無援の状態で会社を立ち上げた。

Formal

"孤軍奮闘"

— Fighting a lonely battle by oneself.

彼は一人で孤軍奮闘している。

Neutral

"独断専行"

— Acting on one's own judgment without consulting others (often leading to isolation).

彼の独断専行が周囲の反発を買った。

Formal

"四面楚歌"

— Being surrounded by enemies on all sides; completely isolated.

今の彼はまさに四面楚歌の状態だ。

Literary

"一匹狼"

— A lone wolf. Someone who prefers to be isolated/alone.

彼は組織に属さない一匹狼だ。

Informal

"独立独歩"

— Standing on one's own feet; independent (a positive form of isolation).

彼は独立独歩の精神を持っている。

Formal

"孤独のグルメ"

— The solitary gourmet (enjoying eating alone).

今日は孤独のグルメを気取ってみる。

Pop Culture

"世を去る"

— To leave the world (sometimes implies dying in isolation).

彼は静かに世を去った。

Polite

"蚊帳の外"

— Being left out of the loop; excluded from information.

私だけが蚊帳の外に置かれた。

Idiomatic

"村八分"

— Total social exclusion from a community.

村八分は残酷な慣習だ。

Historical

容易混淆

孤立 vs 孤独

Both translate to 'alone' or 'isolation'.

Kodoku is internal and psychological. Koritsu is external and situational.

孤独を感じる (Feel lonely) vs 孤立する (Be isolated).

孤立 vs 効率

Similar pronunciation.

Kouritsu (efficiency) has a long 'ou' sound and different kanji.

仕事の効率 (Work efficiency).

孤立 vs 公立

Similar pronunciation.

Kouritsu (public) also has a long 'ou' sound. Koritsu (isolation) has a short 'o'.

公立高校 (Public high school).

孤立 vs 疎外

Both involve being apart from a group.

Sogai emphasizes the act of being pushed out by others. Koritsu is the resulting state.

仲間外れにされて疎外感がある。

孤立 vs 隔離

Both mean being separated.

Kakuri is usually forced or medical (quarantine). Koritsu is more general.

ウイルス患者を隔離する。

句型

[Place] で孤立する

山で孤立した。

[Group] から孤立する

クラスから孤立した。

孤立を防ぐために [Action]

孤立を防ぐために電話をする。

孤立を深める

彼はさらに孤立を深めた。

孤立を招く

その発言が孤立を招いた。

孤立無援の [Noun]

孤立無援の戦い。

社会的孤立の解消

社会的孤立の解消を目指す。

孤立を余儀なくされる

彼は孤立を余儀なくされた。

词族

名词

孤立 (Isolation)

孤独 (Loneliness)

孤児 (Orphan)

孤島 (Isolated Island)

动词

孤立する (To become isolated)

孤立させる (To isolate someone)

形容词

孤立した (Isolated - past participle used as adj)

孤独な (Lonely)

如何使用

frequency

Common in news and formal writing; rare in casual daily chatter.

常见错误

Using koritsu for 'I am lonely'. → Sabishii or Kodoku.
Koritsu is a situation, not just a feeling.
Saying 'Koritsu na hito'. → Koritsu shite iru hito.
Koritsu is a noun/verb, not an adjective.
Confusing koritsu with kouritsu (efficiency). → Use short 'o' for isolation.
Pronunciation error changes the whole meaning.
Using koritsu for 'eating alone' at a restaurant. → Hitori de taberu.
Koritsu is too heavy/serious for a simple lunch.
Forgetting the 'suru' in the verb form. → Koritsu suru.
It cannot be used as a standalone verb without 'suru'.

小贴士

Check the context

Always check if the person is alone by choice or by force. If by force, use 'koritsu'.

Verb Forms

Remember 'koritsu saseru' is to isolate someone else, 'koritsu suru' is to be isolated yourself.

Learn the compounds

Words like 'shakaiteki koritsu' are very common in Japanese media.

Short 'o'

Don't say 'koo-ritsu.' Keep the first 'o' short to avoid meaning 'efficiency'.

Group Harmony

Understand that being 'koritsu' is a big deal in a group-oriented society like Japan.

The Orphan

Link the kanji 'ko' (orphan) to the meaning of having no one to help.

Kanji Practice

Practice the 'melon' part inside the 'ko' kanji; it's a common mistake.

Disaster News

Watch Japanese weather reports during storms to hear 'koritsu' in action.

Negative Tone

Use it to express a problem, not just a fact of being alone.

B1 Milestone

Mastering this word marks your transition into intermediate level social discussion.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'CO' (Ko) - worker who 'RE' (Ri) - treats 'TSU' (Tsu) the group and stands alone. Or: Ko (Lone) + Ritsu (Stand) = Lone Stand.

视觉联想

Imagine a single, tall tree standing on top of a snowy hill with no other trees for miles. That tree is in a state of 'koritsu'.

Word Web

Isolation Stranded Excluded Alone No help Cut off Stand Orphan

挑战

Write three sentences: one about a village in snow, one about a person at a party, and one about a country.

词源

Derived from Middle Chinese (Sino-Japanese). 孤 (Ko) + 立 (Ritsu).

原始含义： To stand like an orphan; to be without parents or support.

Sino-Japanese (Kanjigo).

文化背景

Be careful when using this to describe people; it implies they have no friends or support, which can be offensive if they just like being alone.

English speakers often use 'isolated' for positive things (an isolated beach), but in Japanese, 'koritsu' is almost always negative.

Hikikomori (social phenomenon) Kodoku no Gourmet (manga/drama) Sakoku (Japan's historical isolation)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Natural Disasters

村が孤立する
救助を待つ
道が遮断される
ヘリで救助

Workplace Politics

上司から孤立する
意見が合わない
窓際族
無視される

International News

経済制裁
外交的孤立
同盟を組む
非難決議

Sociology

独居老人
孤独死
コミュニティ
支援の手

Mathematics/Science

孤立点
孤立系
外部との接触
エネルギー保存

对话开场白

"最近、社会的な孤立が問題になっていますが、どう思いますか？"

"もし山で孤立してしまったら、どうしますか？"

"職場で孤立しないために大切なことは何でしょうか？"

"SNSは孤立を防ぐと思いますか、それとも深めると思いますか？"

"歴史の中で、日本が孤立していた時期について知っていますか？"

日记主题

自分がこれまでに「孤立している」と感じた時のことを詳しく書いてください。

現代社会で孤立を防ぐために、政府や個人ができることを提案してください。

「孤独」と「孤立」の違いについて、自分の経験を交えて考察してください。

もしあなたが一生、孤立した島で暮らさなければならないとしたら、何を持っていきますか？

ニュースで見た「孤立した人々」の物語について、自分の感想を述べてください。

常见问题

10 个问题

Usually no. 'Koritsu' has a negative nuance of lacking support. If you want to say you enjoy being alone, use 'hitori no jikan' (alone time) or 'kodoku o tanoshimu' (enjoying solitude).

Yes, it describes a department or person who isn't communicating with others, leading to inefficiency or mistakes.

You would say 'Koritsu-kan o kanjiru' (I feel a sense of isolation) or 'Koritsu shite iru to kanjiru'.

It refers to 'lonely death,' where a person (often elderly) dies alone in their home and isn't found for a long time.

'Bocchi' is very informal slang for a loner. 'Koritsu' is a formal word for the state of isolation.

Yes, 'kokusaiteki na koritsu' (international isolation) is a common political term.

Yes, add 'suru' to make it 'koritsu suru' (to become isolated).

It is a four-kanji idiom meaning 'isolated and without help.' It's very dramatic.

Yes, in math and science (isolated points/systems).

No, it's mostly heard in news or when discussing serious personal problems.

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