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A2 verb #1,800 最常用 11分钟阅读

引く

hiku 前1,800

开始练习例句笔记与提示引く 30秒了解

解析引く in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the most fundamental and literal meanings of 引く (hiku). The primary focus is on the physical action of pulling, which is essential for basic navigation and interaction with the physical world in Japan. Beginners will first encounter this word as a single kanji character on doors: 引 (pull), usually contrasted with 押 (push). Learning to recognize this kanji is a crucial survival skill, preventing the awkwardness of pushing a pull-door in public spaces. Grammatically, A1 learners practice using 引く as a simple transitive verb with the object particle を (o). They learn basic sentence structures like 'ドアを引きます' (I pull the door) or '荷物を引く' (I pull the luggage). The conjugations taught at this stage are the polite present/future (引きます), polite past (引きました), and polite negative (引きません). Teachers often use physical gestures in the classroom to demonstrate the action, making it highly memorable. Additionally, A1 learners might be introduced to the concept of drawing a line (線を引く) in the context of classroom instructions, such as 'Please draw a line under the correct answer' (正しい答えの下に線を引いてください). The focus remains entirely on concrete, visible actions, establishing a strong foundation for the more abstract meanings that will be introduced in later stages of their language learning journey.

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At the A2 level, the understanding of 引く expands significantly beyond simple physical actions to include essential daily life expressions and basic abstract concepts. The most critical new usage introduced at this stage is '風邪を引く' (kaze o hiku), meaning 'to catch a cold'. This is a vital phrase for communicating health issues to teachers, employers, or doctors. Learners practice saying '風邪を引きました' (I caught a cold) to explain absences or request medicine. Another major introduction at the A2 level is the use of 引く in mathematics to mean 'to subtract'. Learners are taught how to read simple equations, such as '10引く3は7' (Ten minus three is seven). This expands their vocabulary into functional, everyday numeracy. Furthermore, A2 learners begin to encounter the verb in the context of using reference materials, specifically '辞書を引く' (jisho o hiku - to look up in a dictionary). This is highly relevant to their own language learning process. Grammatically, they become comfortable with the te-form (引いて) for making requests (ドアを引いてください) and connecting sentences. They also learn the plain forms (引く, 引いた, 引かない) for casual conversation. The transition from A1 to A2 marks the shift from merely interacting with physical objects (doors) to interacting with concepts (numbers, health, information), showcasing the verb's versatility in everyday Japanese life.

At the B1 level, learners delve into the more nuanced, idiomatic, and intransitive uses of 引く. They begin to understand that 引く is not just about human action, but can also describe natural phenomena. They learn phrases like '熱が引く' (a fever goes down) or '潮が引く' (the tide recedes), recognizing the shift from the transitive particle を to the intransitive particle が. This requires a deeper grammatical awareness of how subjects and objects function in Japanese. Idiomatically, B1 learners are introduced to common psychological and social phrases. They learn '気を引く' (to attract attention) and '気が引ける' (to feel hesitant or awkward). These expressions are crucial for navigating social relationships and expressing complex feelings. In professional or consumer contexts, they learn about discounts, using the noun form '引き' (hiki), such as '値引き' (discount) or '10パーセント引き' (10% off), which is essential for shopping and daily life. Furthermore, they encounter the modern slang usage of 引く (often in the past tense, 引いた) to mean being 'turned off' or 'creeped out' by someone's behavior. This slang is pervasive in casual conversation, media, and pop culture, making it an exciting addition to a B1 learner's vocabulary. The B1 stage transforms 引く from a simple functional word into a tool for expressive, natural-sounding communication.

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At the B2 level, learners are expected to master the subtle nuances and complex idiomatic expressions involving 引く, using them accurately in both professional and advanced social contexts. They encounter phrases used in business and negotiations, such as '手を引く' (to withdraw from a project or situation) or '身を引く' (to step down or resign). These expressions require an understanding of Japanese corporate and social dynamics, where direct confrontation is often avoided in favor of 'pulling back'. B2 learners also refine their understanding of compound verbs and derivatives. They learn to distinguish between 引く and similar verbs like 引っ張る (to drag/pull hard) or 引き出す (to pull out/withdraw money), using each in its precise context. In reading comprehension, they encounter 引く in literature and news, describing abstract concepts like 'drawing a boundary' (境界線を引く) in geopolitical or ethical discussions. They also learn to use the passive form (引かれる - to be pulled/attracted to) in romantic or psychological contexts, such as '彼の魅力に惹かれる' (to be attracted to his charm - note the different kanji 惹, but phonetically and conceptually linked). At this stage, learners can comfortably navigate the multifaceted nature of the word, seamlessly switching between its literal, mathematical, medical, and highly abstract idiomatic meanings without hesitation, demonstrating a high degree of fluency and cultural competence.

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At the C1 level, the usage of 引く becomes highly sophisticated, deeply embedded in advanced literature, formal discourse, and complex metaphorical frameworks. Learners at this stage encounter the verb in classical contexts or highly stylized modern writing. They understand phrases like '血を引く' (to inherit blood/lineage), used when discussing ancestry or inherited traits (e.g., 芸術家の血を引く - to have the blood of an artist). They also master expressions related to finality and death, such as '息を引き取る' (to draw one's last breath / to pass away), which requires a delicate understanding of register and tone in solemn situations. In academic and critical discourse, C1 learners use 引く to discuss citing sources or quoting references (引用する is the formal term, but 辞書を引く or 例を引く - to draw an example - are used in high-level discussions). They also grasp the subtle psychological implications of phrases like '後へ引けない' (past the point of no return / cannot back down), used in dramatic or high-stakes narratives. The C1 learner appreciates the etymological depth of the word, understanding how the physical drawing of a bowstring (the original kanji's depiction) has evolved into concepts of tension, withdrawal, and extraction across thousands of years of linguistic history. Their usage is indistinguishable from an educated native speaker, characterized by precision and cultural resonance.

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At the C2 level, mastery of 引く is absolute, encompassing near-native intuition for its most obscure, historical, and dialectal variations. A C2 user can effortlessly play with the word's multiple meanings in rhetoric, poetry, or complex wordplay. They understand the nuances of compound words where 引 acts as a prefix or suffix modifying the core meaning in subtle ways (e.g., 引力 - gravity/attractive force, 強引 - pushy/overbearing, where the concept of pulling is abstracted into force). They are familiar with archaic or literary usages found in classical Japanese literature (Kogo), understanding how the verb functioned in different historical periods. In contemporary usage, they can invent or perfectly interpret novel metaphors based on the concept of 'pulling' or 'subtracting' in highly specialized fields like quantum physics, advanced economics, or philosophical treatises. They recognize when a writer intentionally uses the hiragana 'ひく' instead of the kanji '引く' to soften the visual impact of the text or to create a specific aesthetic tone. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, 引く is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual tool that the user manipulates with complete freedom, understanding its deepest cultural, historical, and psychological roots within the Japanese psyche.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

引く 30秒了解

Means 'to pull' physically (doors, carts).
Used for 'catching a cold' (風邪を引く).
Used in math for 'subtraction' (10引く5).
Used for 'looking up' in a dictionary.

Core Meaning: The fundamental meaning of the Japanese verb 引く (hiku) is the physical action of pulling an object towards oneself. This is a highly versatile transitive verb that forms the basis of many everyday actions, from opening doors to moving objects. Understanding the physical mechanics of pulling in a Japanese context is essential, as many traditional Japanese tools, such as saws (nokogiri) and hand planes (kanna), are designed to cut or shave on the pull stroke, unlike Western tools which typically operate on the push stroke. This cultural emphasis on the pulling motion reflects a broader philosophy of utilizing body weight and leverage efficiently. When you encounter a door in Japan, you will frequently see the kanji 引 (pull) alongside its counterpart 押 (push). Mastering this distinction is one of the first practical applications of the word for any learner navigating daily life in Japan.

ドアを引く。

Abstract Extensions: Beyond the physical realm, 引く extends into numerous abstract territories. One of the most common metaphorical uses is in mathematics, where it means 'to subtract'. Just as you physically pull an object away from a group, you pull a number away from another in arithmetic. For example, 'five minus three' is expressed as 'go hiku san'. Another critical abstract usage is in the context of health, specifically 'catching a cold' (風邪を引く - kaze o hiku). Historically, illness was thought to be an external force or 'evil wind' that one inadvertently drew or pulled into their body. This conceptualization remains firmly embedded in modern Japanese. Furthermore, the verb is used when consulting reference materials, such as 'pulling' a word from a dictionary (辞書を引く - jisho o hiku), which evokes the image of extracting information from a dense source.

風邪を引く。

Visual and Spatial Uses: The concept of pulling also applies to visual and spatial actions, such as drawing a line (線を引く - sen o hiku). Imagine the physical act of dragging a pen or brush across a surface; you are essentially pulling the ink to create a boundary or mark. This usage is prevalent in both literal contexts, like geometry or art, and figurative contexts, such as 'drawing a line' between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Additionally, 引く can describe the receding of natural phenomena, such as the tide going out (潮が引く - shio ga hiku) or a fever breaking/receding (熱が引く - netsu ga hiku). In these cases, the pulling action is performed by nature or the body, drawing the water or the heat away from its peak state. This demonstrates the verb's capacity to describe not just human actions, but also natural processes of withdrawal or reduction.

線を引く。

熱が引く。

辞書を引く。

Grammatical Structure: As a transitive verb (他動詞 - tadoushi), 引く almost always requires a direct object marked by the particle を (o). The basic sentence structure is [Subject] は [Object] を引く. For example, 私はドアを引く (I pull the door). Because it is a Godan verb ending in 'ku', its conjugations follow standard patterns: the polite form is 引きます (hikimasu), the past tense is 引いた (hiita), the negative is 引かない (hikanai), and the potential form is 引ける (hikeru - can pull). When used in a sequence of actions or to make a request, the te-form 引いて (hiite) is utilized, such as in ドアを引いてください (Please pull the door). Understanding these conjugations is vital because 引く is used so frequently in daily communication that you will encounter it in almost every possible grammatical form.

この紐を引いてください。

Idiomatic Expressions: The versatility of 引く is truly showcased in its idiomatic usage. A very common phrase is 気を引く (ki o hiku), which means 'to attract someone's attention' or 'to gauge someone's interest'. Here, you are metaphorically pulling their spirit or mind towards you. Conversely, 気が引ける (ki ga hikeru) uses the potential form to express feeling awkward, shy, or hesitant, as if your spirit is pulling back or retreating from a situation. Another essential idiom is 手を引く (te o hiku), which literally translates to 'pulling one's hands' but means to withdraw from a project, wash one's hands of a situation, or sever ties. These idioms demonstrate how the physical concept of pulling is deeply ingrained in the psychological and social vocabulary of the Japanese language, requiring learners to think beyond literal translations.

その計画から手を引く。

Intransitive Usage: While primarily transitive, 引く can also function intransitively in specific contexts, typically marked by the particle が (ga). This occurs when describing natural phenomena that recede or withdraw on their own. For instance, 潮が引く (shio ga hiku) means the tide goes out. Similarly, 痛みが引く (itami ga hiku) means the pain subsides or recedes. In these cases, the subject itself is performing the action of pulling back or diminishing. Another modern slang usage of 引く as an intransitive verb is to express being 'turned off', 'creeped out', or 'taken aback' by someone's behavior. If someone does something highly inappropriate, a Japanese person might say 'ドン引きした' (don-biki shita) or simply '引くわ...' (hiku wa...), meaning they are metaphorically pulling away in disgust or shock. This slang usage is extremely common in casual conversation among younger generations.

彼の態度には少し引いた。

波が引くのを見る。

痛みが徐々に引いてきた。

Public Spaces and Navigation: The most immediate and ubiquitous place you will encounter the word 引く is in public spaces, specifically on doors. Almost every commercial building, convenience store, and office in Japan will have signs indicating whether to push (押) or pull (引) the door. These signs are often accompanied by arrows, but knowing the kanji is a fundamental survival skill. You will also hear it in instructions, such as when a staff member tells you to pull a ticket from a machine (券を引いてください) or when navigating a space where you need to pull a lever or handle. In train stations, you might hear announcements or see signs instructing passengers to step back or pull back behind the yellow line (黄色い線の内側までお下がりください - though this uses sagaru, the concept of pulling back is related, and sometimes 引く is used in similar physical contexts of moving luggage).

ドアに「引く」と書いてある。

Medical and Health Contexts: In clinics, hospitals, and everyday conversations about health, 引く is incredibly common. The phrase 風邪を引く (to catch a cold) is used year-round, especially during the winter months or changing seasons. You will hear colleagues saying '風邪を引いたみたい' (I think I caught a cold) or doctors asking 'いつから風邪を引いていますか' (Since when have you had a cold?). Additionally, when discussing recovery, the verb is used to describe symptoms subsiding. A doctor might ask if your fever has gone down (熱は引きましたか) or if the swelling has reduced (腫れが引く). This makes 引く an essential vocabulary word for anyone needing to communicate physical ailments or recovery progress in a Japanese-speaking environment.

昨日から風邪を引いている。

Educational and Professional Settings: In schools and offices, 引く takes on academic and professional meanings. In math classes, children learn subtraction using this verb (e.g., 10引く5). When studying languages or researching, students are told to look up words in a dictionary (辞書を引く). In design, architecture, or simple note-taking, drawing a line is expressed as 線を引く. In business meetings, if a company decides to withdraw from a market or a project, they will use the phrase 手を引く (to withdraw). Furthermore, in negotiations, to lower a price or offer a discount is often expressed using the related noun form 引き (hiki), such as 値引き (nebiki - discount) or 10%引き (juppasento biki - 10% off). Thus, the concept of pulling or subtracting permeates professional and academic discourse extensively.

定価から千円引く。

ノートに赤い線を引く。

分からない単語は辞書を引いてください。

Kanji Confusion: 引く vs 弾く: One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing the kanji for 'to pull' (引く) with the kanji for 'to play a stringed instrument' (弾く). Both are pronounced 'hiku' and both are Godan verbs with identical conjugations. However, their meanings and written forms are entirely different. You use 弾く when talking about playing the piano, guitar, or violin (e.g., ピアノを弾く). You use 引く for pulling a door, catching a cold, or subtracting. Writing ピアノを引く is a glaring orthographic error that native speakers will immediately notice. The kanji 弾 contains the radical for a bow (弓) but is associated with springing or flipping, whereas 引 directly depicts the drawing of a bow. Paying close attention to the context is crucial when transcribing spoken Japanese into written text.

ギターを弾く。(Correct for instruments)

Misusing Particles with Intransitive Meanings: Because 引く is predominantly a transitive verb taking the particle を (o), learners often mistakenly use を even when the verb functions intransitively. For example, when saying 'the fever went down', a learner might incorrectly say '熱を引いた' (netsu o hiita), treating the fever as an object they actively pulled. The correct phrasing is '熱が引いた' (netsu ga hiita), where the fever is the subject that naturally receded. The same applies to the tide (潮が引く, not 潮を引く) and pain (痛みが引く, not 痛みを引く). Recognizing when 引く shifts from an active human action (transitive) to a natural state of withdrawal (intransitive) is essential for sounding natural and grammatically correct.

熱が引く。(Correct particle)

Overusing Literal Translations: Learners often try to translate English idioms involving 'pull' directly into Japanese using 引く, which frequently results in nonsensical phrases. For example, 'to pull someone's leg' (to joke with someone) cannot be translated as '足を引く' (ashi o hiku). In Japanese, 足を引っ張る (ashi o hipparu - to pull someone's leg) actually means to hold someone back or sabotage their success, which is a completely different idiom! Similarly, 'pull over' (a car) is 車を停める (kuruma o tomeru), not 車を引く. Relying on literal translations of English phrasal verbs will lead to significant miscommunications. It is vital to learn the specific Japanese idioms associated with 引く rather than imposing English conceptual frameworks onto the Japanese vocabulary.

彼の足を引っ張る。(Means to hold him back, not joke)

冗談を言う。(Correct way to say 'pull someone's leg' / joke)

車を停める。(Correct way to say 'pull over')

引っ張る (Hipparu) - To Pull Strongly: While 引く is the general word for pulling, 引っ張る (hipparu) emphasizes a strong, forceful, or continuous pulling action. It is often translated as 'to drag', 'to tug', or 'to pull hard'. If you are gently opening a door, you use 引く. If you are playing tug-of-war or dragging a heavy suitcase, you use 引っ張る. It also has figurative meanings, such as leading a team (チームを引っ張る) or delaying a conclusion (結論を引っ張る). Understanding the difference in intensity between these two verbs is key to describing physical actions accurately. 引く is neutral and mechanical; 引っ張る implies effort, resistance, or tension.

重い荷物を引っ張る。

抜く (Nuku) - To Pull Out / Extract: Another related verb is 抜く (nuku), which means to pull something out of something else, to extract, or to remove. While 引く is about moving something towards you horizontally or generally, 抜く is specifically about extraction from a container or a fixed position. For example, pulling a sword from a scabbard (剣を抜く), pulling a weed from the ground (草を抜く), or extracting a tooth (歯を抜く). You would not use 引く in these contexts because the primary action is removal, not just drawing towards oneself. 抜く also has figurative meanings, such as surpassing someone in a race (人を抜く) or skipping a meal (朝食を抜く).

庭の雑草を抜く。

寄せる (Yoseru) - To Draw Near / Bring Close: 寄せる (yoseru) means to bring something close, to gather, or to draw near. While it shares the concept of decreasing distance like 引く, 寄せる focuses on the destination (bringing things together or close to a specific point) rather than the mechanical action of pulling. For example, pulling your chair closer to the table is 椅子をテーブルに寄せる. Gathering waves to the shore is 波が寄せる. It is often used in a softer, more spatial context than the mechanical 引く. Understanding these nuances allows for much more precise and poetic expression in Japanese, distinguishing between the brute force of pulling and the gentle act of drawing near.

椅子を机に寄せる。

車を道の端に寄せる。

眉を寄せる。(To knit one's brows)

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Te-form for requests (引いてください)

Transitive vs Intransitive verbs (を引く vs が引く)

Noun modification (引き - discount)

Potential form for idioms (気が引ける)

Compound verbs (引っ張る, 引き出す)

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按水平分级的例句

ドアを引いてください。

Please pull the door.

Te-form for request.

私はドアを引きます。

I pull the door.

Polite present tense.

荷物を引く。

To pull the luggage.

Dictionary form.

線を引いてください。

Please draw a line.

Used for drawing lines.

いすを引きます。

I pull the chair.

Basic transitive usage.

ドアを引きませんでした。

I did not pull the door.

Polite past negative.

ここを引く。

Pull here.

Simple instruction.

カートを引く。

To pull a cart.

Physical action.

昨日、風邪を引きました。

I caught a cold yesterday.

Common idiom for catching a cold.

10引く5は5です。

10 minus 5 is 5.

Used for subtraction in math.

分からない言葉は辞書を引きます。

I look up words I don't know in the dictionary.

Idiom for consulting a dictionary.

風邪を引かないように気をつけて。

Be careful not to catch a cold.

Negative form in a warning.

おみくじを引く。

To draw a fortune slip.

Used for drawing lots or fortunes.

線を真っ直ぐ引いた。

I drew the line straight.

Past tense, modifying the action.

カーテンを引いてください。

Please close (pull) the curtains.

Used for operating curtains.

風邪を引いているので休みます。

I am taking a day off because I have a cold.

Te-iru form for current state.

熱が引くまで寝ていなさい。

Stay in bed until your fever goes down.

Intransitive usage with 'ga' for fever subsiding.

彼の態度には少し引いた。

I was a bit turned off/creeped out by his attitude.

Slang usage, meaning to be put off.

潮が引いて、カニが見える。

The tide has gone out, and you can see crabs.

Intransitive usage for natural phenomena (tide).

この商品は今、20パーセント引きです。

This product is currently 20% off.

Noun form used for discounts.

気を引くためにわざと大声を出した。

I deliberately spoke loudly to attract attention.

Idiom: to attract attention.

痛みが引いてきた。

The pain has started to subside.

Te-kuru form showing a change in state.

フライパンに油を引く。

To oil the frying pan.

Specific usage for spreading oil.

ギターを弾くのとドアを引くのは漢字が違います。

Playing the guitar and pulling a door use different kanji.

Contrasting homophones.

このプロジェクトから手を引くことにした。

I have decided to withdraw from this project.

Idiom: to withdraw or wash one's hands of.

先輩に頼むのは少し気が引ける。

I feel a bit hesitant/awkward asking my senior.

Idiom: to feel hesitant or shy.

彼は王族の血を引いているらしい。

It seems he has royal blood (is descended from royalty).

Idiom: to inherit blood/lineage.

もう後へは引けない状況だ。

It's a situation where we can no longer back down.

Potential negative form used idiomatically.

辞書を引く手間を省くためにアプリを使う。

I use an app to save the trouble of looking things up in a dictionary.

Noun modification.

腫れが引くまで冷やしてください。

Please cool it until the swelling goes down.

Medical context, intransitive.

ルールの境界線をどこに引くかが問題だ。

The problem is where to draw the boundary line for the rules.

Metaphorical use of drawing a line.

彼女の言葉には裏の意味が隠されていると気を引かれた。

My attention was drawn by the hidden meaning in her words.

Passive form of the idiom.

祖父は昨晩、静かに息を引き取った。

My grandfather passed away peacefully last night.

Formal idiom for passing away.

この論文は多くの先行研究を引いている。

This thesis cites many previous studies.

Academic usage: to cite or quote.

世間の同情を引くための芝居だった。

It was an act to draw the public's sympathy.

Abstract usage: to draw emotion.

強引に話を進めるのは得策ではない。

It is not a good idea to push the conversation forward forcefully.

Compound word 'gouin' (pushy/forceful) using the kanji.

潮時を見て身を引くのが賢明だ。

It is wise to read the situation and step down.

Idiom: to resign or step away.

彼の発言は、文脈から切り離して引くべきではない。

His remarks should not be quoted out of context.

Formal usage for quoting.

その芸術家は、独自の美学の線を引いている。

That artist draws a line of unique aesthetics.

Highly metaphorical usage.

悪循環から抜け出すために、どこかで線を引かなければならない。

We must draw a line somewhere to break the vicious cycle.

Metaphorical boundary setting.

古典文学から例を引いて論を展開する。

To develop an argument by drawing examples from classical literature.

Highly formal academic phrasing.

引く手あまたの優秀な人材だ。

He is an excellent talent who is in high demand (many hands pulling him).

Advanced idiom (hikutemata).

水際立った手腕で、見事に難局から手を引いた。

With brilliant skill, he masterfully withdrew from the difficult situation.

Literary and complex sentence structure.

その場の空気に引かれて、つい本音を漏らしてしまった。

Drawn in by the atmosphere of the place, I accidentally let slip my true feelings.

Passive usage indicating psychological influence.

長年の恩讐を水に流し、身を引く覚悟を決めた。

Letting go of years of love and hate, I resolved to step down.

Dramatic, literary expression.

引力と斥力の絶妙なバランスが宇宙を維持している。

The exquisite balance of attractive (pulling) and repulsive forces maintains the universe.

Scientific compound word (inryoku).

辞書を引くという行為自体が、思考のプロセスである。

The very act of consulting a dictionary is a process of thought.

Philosophical reflection on the action.

彼の芸風は、先代の血を色濃く引いている。

His performance style strongly inherits the blood (traits) of his predecessor.

Nuanced use of the inheritance idiom.

常见搭配

ドアを引く

風邪を引く

辞書を引く

線を引く

気を引く

手を引く

血を引く

おみくじを引く

油を引く

熱が引く

常用短语

風邪を引きました

ドアを引いてください

10引く5は

辞書を引いて調べる

線を真っ直ぐ引く

手を引くことにした

気が引ける

気を引こうとする

潮が引く

痛みが引いた

容易混淆的词

引く vs 弾く (to play an instrument - same pronunciation)

引く vs 押す (to push - opposite meaning)

引く vs 引っ張る (to drag - similar but stronger)

习语与表达

"風邪を引く"

"気を引く"

"気が引ける"

"手を引く"

"血を引く"

"息を引き取る"

"後へ引けない"

"身を引く"

"引く手あまた"

"足を引っ張る"

容易混淆

引く vs

句型

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如何使用

slang

Young people use '引く' (often past tense '引いた') to mean being disgusted, shocked, or turned off by someone's behavior.

business

'手を引く' is a common and polite way to say a company is dropping a project or leaving a market.

常见错误

Writing ピアノを引く instead of ピアノを弾く.
Saying 風邪を捕まえる (catch a cold literally) instead of 風邪を引く.
Using を instead of が for natural receding (e.g., 熱を引く is wrong, 熱が引く is right).
Confusing 押す (push) and 引く (pull) on doors.
Trying to translate English idioms literally, like 'pull someone's leg' as 足を引く (which makes no sense in Japanese).

小贴士

Kanji Alert

Never write ギターを引く. It must be ギターを弾く. Homophones with different kanji are a major source of errors for learners.

Particle Check

When you pull a door, it's ドア【を】引く. When your fever goes down, it's 熱【が】引く. Pay attention to who or what is doing the action.

Japanese Tools

Remember that Japanese saws cut when you pull (引く), not push. This cultural emphasis on pulling makes the verb very prominent in craftsmanship.

Door Signs

Memorize the kanji 引 (Pull). It looks like a bow. If you push a door with this sign, you will look silly and might bump your head!

Catching a Cold

Don't try to translate 'catch' directly. In Japanese, you 'pull' a cold: 風邪を引く (kaze o hiku). Memorize this as a set phrase.

Basic Math

You can use 引く for simple subtraction in daily life. '500円引く200円は300円' (500 yen minus 200 yen is 300 yen).

Slang Usage

If someone tells a really bad or inappropriate joke, you can say 'ちょっと引くわ...' (That's a bit off-putting...). It's very natural casual Japanese.

Discounts

Look for the kanji 引 on price tags. '半額引き' (hangaku-biki) means half-price! It's the best kanji to see when shopping.

Dictionary Use

When your teacher says '辞書を引いてください', they aren't asking you to drag the book across the room. They want you to look up a word.

Force Level

If you need to tell someone to pull hard, don't just say 引く. Use 引っ張る (hipparu) instead to convey the need for strength.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a HE-man (hi) pulling a CUCKOO (ku) clock off the wall. He-ku = Hiku = to pull.

词源

文化背景

Always look for 引 (Pull) and 押 (Push) on shop doors to avoid embarrassment.

Japanese carpentry tools rely on pulling (引く) rather than pushing.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"最近、風邪を引きましたか？ (Have you caught a cold recently?)"

"このドアは押すのですか、引くのですか？ (Do you push or pull this door?)"

"分からない単語はどうやって辞書を引きますか？ (How do you look up unknown words in the dictionary?)"

"熱はもう引きましたか？ (Has your fever gone down yet?)"

"買い物の時、何パーセント引きが好きですか？ (What percentage discount do you like when shopping?)"

日记主题

Write about a time you caught a bad cold (風邪を引いた).

Describe how you use a dictionary (辞書を引く) when studying Japanese.

Write a math problem in Japanese using 引く.

Describe a situation where you had to withdraw (手を引く) from something.

Explain the difference between pushing and pulling doors in your country vs Japan.

常见问题

10 个问题

Historically, illness was viewed as an external 'evil wind' (風邪). The verb 引く (to draw in) was used to describe the unfortunate action of drawing this bad wind into one's own body. This conceptualization stuck, and it remains the standard way to say 'catch a cold' in modern Japanese.

引く is the general, neutral word for pulling, like opening a door or drawing a line. 引っ張る implies a stronger, more forceful, or continuous action, like dragging a heavy box, playing tug-of-war, or leading a team. If it requires significant physical effort, use 引っ張る.

No. While the pronunciation 'hiku' is exactly the same, you must use the kanji 弾く when talking about playing stringed or keyboard instruments. Writing ピアノを引く is a spelling error. Always use ピアノを弾く.

Push is 押す (osu) and Pull is 引く (hiku). You will often see just the single kanji 押 and 引 on glass doors in Japan. Memorizing these two kanji is one of the most practical things a beginner can do.

This is a very common modern slang term. '引く' here means to be turned off, creeped out, or taken aback by someone's inappropriate behavior. 'ドン' (don) is an intensifier. So 'ドン引きした' means 'I was completely creeped out' or 'I was totally put off'.

Think of subtraction as physically pulling a quantity away from a larger group. If you have 10 apples and you 'pull' 3 away, you are subtracting them. Thus, 10引く3 (10 pull 3) equals 7.

The noun form of 引く is 引き (hiki). When combined with numbers or words, it becomes voiced as 'biki'. For example, 値引き (nebiki) means a price reduction, and 10%引き (juppasento biki) means 10% off the price.

It literally translates to 'pulling a dictionary', but it is the standard idiom for 'looking up a word in a dictionary'. It evokes the image of pulling a heavy reference book off a shelf or extracting information from it.

It is primarily transitive (taking the particle を), meaning you actively pull something. However, it can be used intransitively (taking the particle が) for natural phenomena that recede on their own, like a fever going down (熱が引く) or the tide going out (潮が引く).

It literally means 'to pull one's hands', but idiomatically it means to withdraw from a project, wash one's hands of a situation, or cut ties. It's a common phrase when a company decides to stop investing in a failing venture.

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