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B1 noun #2,000 最常用 8分钟阅读

노동

前2,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 노동 30秒了解

解析 노동 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '노동' (nodong) very often. Instead, you will mostly use '일' (il), which means 'work' or 'task.' However, it's good to know that '노동' is a more serious word for work, especially hard work like building things or farming. You might see it in simple signs or hear it when people talk about 'Labor Day.' Think of it as 'hard work' or 'labor.' For example, if you see a person carrying heavy boxes, that is '노동.' In simple Korean, you can think of it as '힘든 일' (hard work). At this stage, just focus on recognizing the word when you see it in news or books. It is a noun, so you use it like '노동은 힘들어요' (Labor is hard). Don't worry about using it in your own sentences yet; '일' is much more common for beginners.

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At the A2 level, you can start to distinguish between '일' and '노동.' While '일' is any activity, '노동' is specifically about the effort you put into a job. You might encounter this word in basic social studies or news headlines. You should know that '노동자' (nodong-ja) means 'worker' or 'laborer.' If you are talking about someone who works in a factory, you might call them a '노동자.' You can also use the phrase '육체 노동' (yuk-che nodong) to mean 'physical labor.' This is useful when describing different types of jobs. Remember that '노동' sounds more formal than '일.' If you want to say 'I worked hard today,' you would still say '오늘 일을 많이 했어요,' not '오늘 노동을 많이 했어요.' Use '노동' when talking about work as a general concept or a social topic.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use '노동' in specific contexts. This is the level where you discuss social issues, jobs, and the economy. You should be familiar with terms like '노동 조합' (labor union) and '노동법' (labor law). You can use '노동' to discuss the dignity of work or the difficulties of certain professions. For example, you might say '노동의 가치는 존중받아야 합니다' (The value of labor should be respected). You should also understand '감정 노동' (emotional labor), which is a very common term in modern Korean society to describe service jobs. At this level, you are moving beyond simple descriptions and starting to talk about the 'system' of work. You should be able to read a short news article about labor issues and understand that '노동' refers to the workforce and their efforts.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of '노동' versus '근로.' You should know that '근로' is often used in official government contexts (like '근로기준법' - Labor Standards Act), while '노동' is often used in the context of workers' rights and movements. You can use '노동' in essays to discuss economic productivity (노동 생산성) or the labor market (노동 시장). You should be able to participate in a debate about labor rights or the impact of AI on human labor. Your vocabulary should include '노동력' (labor power/workforce) and '노동 집약적' (labor-intensive). You can use these terms to describe industries or economic trends. At this level, '노동' is a tool for professional and academic communication.

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At the C1 level, you should understand the deep historical and political connotations of '노동.' You should be aware of how the term was used during Korea's industrialization and its role in the democratization movement. You can analyze literature or films that focus on '노동 소설' (proletarian novels) or '노동 현장' (labor sites). You should be able to discuss complex topics like '노동의 소외' (alienation of labor) or '플랫폼 노동' (platform labor/gig work) in the digital age. Your usage of '노동' should be precise, distinguishing it from '업무,' '사무,' and '근로' based on the specific social or legal context. You can write professional reports or academic papers using '노동' as a key sociological or economic concept, exploring its relationship with capital and technology.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of '노동' in all its complexities. You can understand subtle shifts in meaning when the word is used in political rhetoric, philosophical discourse, or legal precedents. You are familiar with the evolution of labor terminology in both South and North Korea and how they reflect different ideologies. You can critique economic policies regarding '노동 유연성' (labor flexibility) and '노동 복지' (labor welfare) with sophisticated language. You understand the nuances of '노동' in classical literature versus modern digital contexts. For you, '노동' is not just a word for work, but a lens through which to view human history, social structure, and the future of humanity. You can use the word with perfect register, whether in a high-level academic symposium or a passionate social commentary.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

노동 30秒了解

노동 is the formal Korean word for 'labor' or 'work,' emphasizing the effort and energy put into a task.
It is commonly used in professional, legal, and economic contexts rather than casual daily conversation.
Key terms include '노동자' (laborer), '노동조합' (union), and '육체/정신/감정 노동' (physical/mental/emotional labor).
While '일' is a general term for any task, '노동' specifically highlights the productive and social value of human effort.

The Korean word 노동 (Nodong) is a foundational noun that translates primarily to 'labor' or 'work.' However, its semantic depth goes far beyond the simple English word 'job.' In the Korean linguistic landscape, 노동 specifically emphasizes the physical or mental effort exerted to produce value, often within an industrial, manual, or socio-economic framework. While '일' (il) is a generic term for any task or activity, 노동 carries a weight of seriousness, often associated with the working class, human rights, and the fundamental energy required to sustain a society. It is derived from the Hanja characters 勞 (labor/toil) and 動 (movement), literally meaning 'the movement of toil.'

Core Concept: The purposeful application of human energy (physical or mental) to create economic or social utility.
Societal Nuance: Often used in the context of labor rights, unions, and the history of the working class in Korea's rapid industrialization.

인간의 노동은 사회를 지탱하는 가장 중요한 가치 중 하나입니다. (Human labor is one of the most important values that sustain society.)

Historically, 노동 was sometimes viewed through a purely industrial lens, but modern usage has expanded to include 'emotional labor' (감정 노동) and 'intellectual labor' (지식 노동). Despite this expansion, the word still evokes a sense of 'sweat' and 'effort.' It is the term of choice when discussing the 'Labor Law' (노동법) or the 'Ministry of Employment and Labor' (고용노동부). It distinguishes the act of working from the result of the work.

육체적인 노동은 건강에 도움이 될 수도 있지만, 과도하면 해롭습니다. (Physical labor can be helpful for health, but it is harmful if excessive.)

Etymological Breakdown: 勞 (Ro): Toil, labor, or fatigue. It suggests the exhaustion that comes from working hard.
動 (Dong): Movement or action. It suggests the physical manifestation of that toil.

정신적 노동 또한 육체적 노동만큼이나 에너지를 많이 소모합니다. (Mental labor also consumes as much energy as physical labor.)

그는 평생을 정직한 노동으로 가족을 부양했습니다. (He supported his family through honest labor all his life.)

In summary, 노동 is the essence of human activity directed towards production. It is a word that commands respect for the effort involved and is deeply intertwined with the social and economic history of Korea. Understanding this word requires recognizing the dignity of the worker and the structural importance of the work they perform.

Using 노동 correctly involves understanding its formal and technical nature. Unlike '일하다' (to work), which is a general verb, 노동 is a noun that frequently combines with other nouns to create compound terms or is used with the verb '하다' (to do) to form '노동하다.' However, '노동하다' is much less common in daily conversation than '일하다.' You are more likely to encounter 노동 in news reports, academic papers, or legal discussions.

Grammatical Usage: Noun form: 노동 (Labor)
Verb form: 노동하다 (To labor - formal/rare)
Adjective form: 노동의 (Labor's/Of labor)

정부는 노동 시장의 유연성을 높이기로 결정했습니다. (The government decided to increase the flexibility of the labor market.)

When describing types of work, 노동 is often preceded by a qualifying adjective. For instance, '육체 노동' (physical labor) and '정신 노동' (mental labor) are standard classifications. In recent years, '감정 노동' (emotional labor) has become a major social topic in Korea, referring to service workers who must suppress their feelings to provide a professional demeanor.

콜센터 직원은 심각한 감정 노동에 시달리고 있습니다. (Call center employees are suffering from severe emotional labor.)

Common Collocations: 노동 조합 (Labor Union)
노동 착취 (Labor Exploitation)
노동 생산성 (Labor Productivity)

최저 임금 인상은 노동자들의 삶의 질을 개선하기 위한 것입니다. (The minimum wage increase is intended to improve the quality of life for laborers.)

강제 노동은 국제법에 의해 엄격히 금지되어 있습니다. (Forced labor is strictly prohibited by international law.)

To use 노동 effectively, think of it as the 'professional' or 'macro' version of work. If you are talking about your daily tasks at the office, use '업무' (business/task) or '일'. If you are talking about the rights of workers, the cost of human effort, or the physical strain of a job, 노동 is the correct choice.

You will encounter 노동 in several specific environments. Most notably, it is a staple of the nightly news (뉴스) and newspapers (신문). Whenever there is a strike (파업), a change in labor laws, or a discussion about the economy, 노동 will be the central term. It is also very common in historical documentaries, especially those focusing on the 1970s and 80s when Korea underwent rapid industrialization and the labor movement was at its peak.

News & Media: Used in headlines like '노동 시장 개혁' (Labor Market Reform) or '노동계의 반발' (Backlash from the labor sector).
Legal & Government: Found in contracts, labor laws, and the names of government agencies like '고용노동부'.

오늘 뉴스에서는 노동 시간 단축에 대한 토론이 있었습니다. (In today's news, there was a discussion about shortening labor hours.)

In the workplace, you might hear it in the context of '노동조합' (labor union) meetings or during safety briefings. In these settings, it emphasizes the collective identity of the workers. It is also heard in academic settings—economics, sociology, and law classes frequently use 노동 as a technical variable.

공장에서 일하는 사람들은 정당한 노동의 대가를 요구했습니다. (The people working in the factory demanded a fair price for their labor.)

Literature & Arts: Proletarian literature (노동 소설) often explores the hardships and resilience of the working class.

이 소설은 70년대 노동자들의 삶을 사실적으로 묘사하고 있습니다. (This novel realistically depicts the lives of laborers in the 70s.)

자동화 시스템의 도입으로 단순 노동의 필요성이 줄어들고 있습니다. (With the introduction of automation systems, the need for simple labor is decreasing.)

Finally, you will hear it in political speeches. Politicians use 노동 to appeal to the working class or to discuss national economic strategy. It is a word that carries significant political and social weight in Korea.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using 노동 when they should use '일' (il) or '업무' (eommu). While 노동 means work, it sounds very strange to say "I'm going to do some labor at the cafe" (카페에서 노동할 거예요) unless you are actually doing heavy construction work inside the cafe. For general office work or studying, '일' or '공부' is appropriate.

Mistake 1: Over-formalization: Using '노동' for light, personal tasks.
Wrong: "집안 노동을 했어요." (I did household labor.)
Right: "집안일을 했어요." (I did housework.)

친구와 노는 것은 노동이 아니라 휴식입니다. (Playing with friends is rest, not labor.)

Another mistake is confusing 노동 with '근로' (geun-ro). While both mean labor, '근로' is the term preferred by the government and corporations because it has a more positive, diligent connotation (literally 'diligent toil'). '노동' is often preferred by labor unions and social activists because it emphasizes the rights and the inherent value of the worker's effort.

법적으로는 '근로'라는 용어를 쓰지만, 현장에서는 '노동'이라는 말을 더 자주 씁니다. (Legally, the term 'geun-ro' is used, but in the field, 'nodong' is used more often.)

Mistake 2: Misusing '노동하다': '노동하다' sounds like a dictionary definition. In speech, use '일하다'.
Natural: "하루 종일 일해서 힘들어요." (I'm tired from working all day.)
Stilted: "하루 종일 노동해서 힘들어요."

그는 자신의 노동력을 제공하고 임금을 받습니다. (He provides his labor power and receives wages.)

북한의 집권 정당은 조선 노동당입니다. (The ruling party of North Korea is the Workers' Party of Korea.)

Lastly, don't use 노동 to describe a hobby that requires effort, like gardening or woodworking, unless you are being humorous about how hard it is. In those cases, use '작업' (work/project) or simply '일'.

Korean has several words for 'work,' and choosing the right one depends on the context and the nuance you want to convey. 노동 is just one piece of the puzzle. Let's compare it with its closest synonyms.

노동 vs. 일 (Il): '일' is the most general term. It can mean a job, a task, a problem, or an event. '노동' is a subset of '일' that specifically refers to productive effort, usually for a wage.
노동 vs. 근로 (Geun-ro): '근로' implies 'diligent work.' It is often used in corporate and legal contexts. '노동' is more neutral or sociopolitical. You say '근로 계약서' (labor contract) in a company, but '노동 운동' (labor movement) in the streets.

모든 노동은 가치가 있지만, 어떤 일은 더 즐겁습니다. (All labor has value, but some work is more enjoyable.)

Another similar word is '작업' (jag-eop). This refers to a specific piece of work or a project, often technical or artistic. For example, a designer does '디자인 작업,' not '디자인 노동.' '수고' (su-go) is another related term, used to acknowledge someone's effort or trouble, as in '수고하셨습니다' (Thank you for your hard work).

공사 현장에서의 노동은 매우 고됩니다. (Labor at a construction site is very arduous.)

노동 vs. 업무 (Eommu): '업무' refers to official business or duties within an organization. It is the standard word for 'office work.'

그는 과도한 노동 착취에 반대하여 목소리를 높였습니다. (He raised his voice against excessive labor exploitation.)

지식 노동자들은 창의적인 사고를 통해 가치를 창출합니다. (Knowledge laborers create value through creative thinking.)

By understanding these distinctions, you can avoid sounding unnatural and ensure your Korean is precise. Use 노동 when you want to emphasize the effort, the rights, or the economic nature of work.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

~(으)로써 (as a means of labor)

~기 위해 (in order to labor)

~하는 것 (the act of laboring)

~ 때문에 (because of labor)

~에 비해 (compared to other labor)

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按水平分级的例句

노동은 힘들어요.

Labor is hard.

노동 (noun) + 은 (topic marker) + 힘들어요 (adjective).

그는 노동자입니다.

He is a worker.

노동자 (laborer) + 입니다 (is).

이것은 노동입니다.

This is labor.

이것 (this) + 은 (topic marker) + 노동 (noun) + 입니다 (is).

노동이 필요해요.

Labor is needed.

노동 (noun) + 이 (subject marker) + 필요해요 (need).

정직한 노동.

Honest labor.

정직한 (honest) + 노동 (noun).

노동을 해요.

I do labor.

노동 (noun) + 을 (object marker) + 해요 (do).

우리 아버지는 노동을 하십니다.

My father does labor.

Honorific form '하십니다'.

노동은 중요해요.

Labor is important.

중요해요 (is important).

육체 노동은 건강에 좋아요.

Physical labor is good for health.

육체 (body/physical) + 노동.

그는 공장에서 노동을 합니다.

He does labor in a factory.

공장에서 (at the factory).

노동 시간이 너무 길어요.

Labor hours are too long.

노동 시간 (labor hours).

노동자의 권리를 보호해야 해요.

We must protect workers' rights.

권리 (rights) + 보호해야 해요 (must protect).

단순 노동은 지루할 수 있어요.

Simple labor can be boring.

단순 (simple) + 노동.

노동의 대가를 받았습니다.

I received the price of labor (wages).

대리 (price/reward).

그녀는 노동을 통해 돈을 벌어요.

She earns money through labor.

통해 (through).

노동 환경이 좋아졌어요.

The labor environment has improved.

환경 (environment).

감정 노동은 스트레스가 많습니다.

Emotional labor is very stressful.

감정 (emotion) + 노동.

노동 조합에 가입하고 싶어요.

I want to join a labor union.

노동 조합 (labor union).

노동법은 근로자를 보호합니다.

Labor law protects workers.

노동법 (labor law).

그는 정신 노동을 하는 직업을 가졌어요.

He has a job that involves mental labor.

정신 (mind/mental) + 노동.

노동 시장이 변하고 있습니다.

The labor market is changing.

노동 시장 (labor market).

정당한 노동의 가치를 인정받아야 합니다.

The value of fair labor must be recognized.

인정받아야 합니다 (must be recognized).

노동 생산성을 높이는 것이 목표입니다.

The goal is to increase labor productivity.

생산성 (productivity).

그는 노동 운동에 참여했습니다.

He participated in the labor movement.

노동 운동 (labor movement).

노동 유연성이 경제 성장에 미치는 영향.

The impact of labor flexibility on economic growth.

유연성 (flexibility).

최저 임금은 노동자의 최소한의 삶을 보장합니다.

Minimum wage guarantees a minimum life for laborers.

보장합니다 (guarantees).

노동 집약적 산업은 이제 줄어들고 있습니다.

Labor-intensive industries are now decreasing.

집약적 (intensive).

외국인 노동자들의 처우 개선이 시급합니다.

Improving the treatment of foreign laborers is urgent.

처우 (treatment).

노동 착취를 근절하기 위한 법안이 통과되었습니다.

A bill to eradicate labor exploitation has been passed.

착취 (exploitation) + 근절 (eradication).

그는 지식 노동자로서의 자부심이 있습니다.

He has pride as a knowledge laborer.

지식 노동자 (knowledge worker).

노동 시간 단축은 삶의 질을 높일 수 있습니다.

Shortening labor hours can improve the quality of life.

단축 (shortening).

정부는 고용 노동 정책을 발표했습니다.

The government announced employment and labor policies.

고용 (employment).

기술의 발전이 노동의 소외를 초래할 수 있습니다.

Technological advancement can lead to the alienation of labor.

소외 (alienation) + 초래 (cause).

이 소설은 노동 현장의 참혹함을 고발합니다.

This novel denounces the cruelty of the labor site.

고발합니다 (denounces/reports).

노동의 가치 체계가 근본적으로 흔들리고 있습니다.

The value system of labor is fundamentally shaking.

가치 체계 (value system).

플랫폼 노동자들은 법적 사각지대에 놓여 있습니다.

Platform workers are in a legal blind spot.

사각지대 (blind spot).

노동과 자본의 갈등은 역사의 오랜 주제입니다.

The conflict between labor and capital is a long-standing theme in history.

자본 (capital).

그는 노동법 전문 변호사로 활동하고 있습니다.

He is active as a lawyer specializing in labor law.

전문 (specialty).

노동의 인간화를 위해 우리 모두 노력해야 합니다.

We must all strive for the humanization of labor.

인간화 (humanization).

비정규직 노동자들의 고용 불안정이 심화되고 있습니다.

Employment instability for non-regular laborers is deepening.

비정규직 (non-regular/temporary).

노동의 종말이라는 담론이 현대 사회를 관통하고 있습니다.

The discourse on the 'end of labor' permeates modern society.

담론 (discourse) + 관통 (permeate).

맑스주의 관점에서 본 노동의 가치 형태론.

The theory of the form of value of labor from a Marxist perspective.

관점 (perspective) + 형태론 (morphology/theory of form).

노동은 단순한 생계 수단을 넘어 자아 실현의 장입니다.

Labor is a field for self-actualization beyond a simple means of livelihood.

자아 실현 (self-actualization).

4차 산업혁명 시대의 노동 패러다임 전환.

The shift in the labor paradigm in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution.

패러다임 전환 (paradigm shift).

노동의 유연화가 양극화를 심화시킨다는 비판이 있습니다.

There is criticism that the flexibilization of labor deepens polarization.

양극화 (polarization).

포스트 포디즘 체제 하에서의 노동 통제 방식.

Methods of labor control under the Post-Fordist system.

통제 (control).

노동의 신성함에 대한 철학적 고찰.

Philosophical consideration of the sanctity of labor.

고찰 (consideration/study).

노동 시장의 이중 구조를 타파하기 위한 정책적 제언.

Policy suggestions to break down the dual structure of the labor market.

타파 (break down) + 제언 (suggestion).

近义词

근로 일 작업

反义词

자본 휴식

常见搭配

노동 시장 (Labor market)

노동 조합 (Labor union)

노동 생산성 (Labor productivity)

노동 착취 (Labor exploitation)

노동 시간 (Labor hours)

육체 노동 (Physical labor)

정신 노동 (Mental labor)

감정 노동 (Emotional labor)

노동력 부족 (Labor shortage)

노동법 위반 (Labor law violation)

常用短语

노동의 대가 (Price of labor)

노동의 가치 (Value of labor)

강제 노동 (Forced labor)

단순 노동 (Simple labor)

노동 집약적 (Labor intensive)

노동을 제공하다 (To provide labor)

노동에 종사하다 (To be engaged in labor)

노동을 착취하다 (To exploit labor)

노동을 존중하다 (To respect labor)

노동을 멈추다 (To stop labor/strike)

容易混淆的词

노동 vs 근로

Official/corporate term vs. Social/activist term.

노동 vs 일

General activity vs. Productive effort.

노동 vs 노도

Raging waves (completely different meaning, similar sound).

习语与表达

"노동은 신성하다 (Labor is sacred)"

"땀 흘린 노동 (Sweaty labor - honest work)"

"개미처럼 노동하다 (To labor like an ant - work very hard)"

"노동의 쓴맛 (The bitter taste of labor)"

"노동의 결실 (The fruit of labor)"

"뼈를 깎는 노동 (Bone-cutting labor - extremely hard work)"

"노동의 현장 (The scene of labor - where the action is)"

"노동이 반식이다 (Labor is half of a meal - work provides food)"

"노동은 제2의 천성이다 (Labor is second nature)"

"노동 없이는 열매도 없다 (No fruit without labor)"

容易混淆

노동 vs

句型

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如何使用

Humorous Usage

Young people sometimes use '노동' ironically to describe playing a difficult video game ('게임 노동').

Socialist Connotation

In the past, '노동' had a slight socialist connotation in South Korea, but this has largely faded in modern usage.

常见错误

Using '노동' for office tasks in a casual setting.
Confusing '노동' (labor) with '노도' (waves).
Saying '노동하다' instead of '일하다' when talking to friends.
Thinking '노동' only applies to manual labor.
Using '근로' in a context where '노동' (activist/rights) is more appropriate.

小贴士

Context Matters

Use '노동' when you want to sound serious or professional about work. If you're just talking about your day, stick to '일'.

Learn the Compounds

Words like '노동조합' and '노동법' are essential for understanding Korean news. Learn them as single units of meaning.

Respect the Effort

When using '노동' in a social context, it often carries a nuance of respecting the hard work that builds society.

Noun Focus

Treat '노동' primarily as a noun. It is most powerful when combined with other nouns to describe specific social phenomena.

Avoid Overuse

Don't use '노동' for your hobbies or light tasks unless you're making a joke about how hard they are.

News Keywords

When you hear '노동' on the news, pay attention to the words following it; they will tell you if the story is about the economy, law, or a strike.

Academic Tone

In university assignments, '노동' is the standard term for human effort in economic or sociological models.

Labor vs. Work

Remember that '노동' is 'Labor' and '일' is 'Work.' This distinction helps you choose the right word in English-to-Korean translation.

Historical Context

Understanding the 1980s labor movement in Korea will give you a much deeper appreciation for why this word is so significant.

Worker Identity

Using '노동자' shows that you recognize the person as part of a larger social class with rights and dignity.

记住它

记忆技巧

NO-DONG: There is NO DONG (bell) to end the hard labor until the work is done.

词源

Derived from Middle Chinese. 勞 (láo) means 'toil' or 'work hard,' and 動 (dòng) means 'to move' or 'action.' Together, they describe the active state of working hard.

文化背景

Labor unions in Korea are known for being very organized and vocal.

While manual labor is respected in theory, social hierarchy often favors office jobs.

In Korea, May 1st is '근로자의 날' (Workers' Day), but activists often call it '노동절'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"한국의 노동 환경에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요? (What do you think about the labor environment in Korea?)"

"감정 노동을 해본 적이 있나요? (Have you ever done emotional labor?)"

"노동 시간이 단축되면 삶이 어떻게 변할까요? (How would life change if labor hours were shortened?)"

"가장 힘든 노동은 무엇이라고 생각하세요? (What do you think is the hardest labor?)"

"노동의 가치를 어떻게 정의하시겠어요? (How would you define the value of labor?)"

日记主题

오늘 내가 한 노동에 대해 써보세요. (Write about the labor you did today.)

미래에 로봇이 모든 노동을 대신한다면 어떨까요? (What if robots replace all labor in the future?)

내가 생각하는 '정직한 노동'의 의미. (The meaning of 'honest labor' as I think of it.)

감정 노동으로부터 나를 보호하는 방법. (Ways to protect myself from emotional labor.)

노동과 휴식의 균형에 대하여. (About the balance between labor and rest.)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, it includes mental (정신 노동) and emotional (감정 노동) work as well. However, its primary association is often with physical or industrial effort. In modern economics, it covers all human input in production. So, a software engineer is also performing labor.

Both mean 'worker.' '근로자' is the legal term used in South Korean law and by companies, implying a diligent employee. '노동자' is the term preferred by unions and social activists, emphasizing the rights and identity of the person working. Choosing one over the other can sometimes indicate your political or social stance.

Usually, we say '집안일' (housework). If you say '가사 노동' (domestic labor), it sounds very formal or academic, like you are discussing the economic value of housework. In a casual conversation, '노동' for housework might sound like you are complaining about how hard it is.

Yes, it is a very central term in North Korea. Their ruling party is the 'Workers' Party of Korea' (조선노동당). Because of this, for a long time in South Korea, the word was treated with some caution, but now it is a standard part of the vocabulary.

It refers to 'emotional labor.' This is when a worker has to manage their emotions to fit the job requirements, like a flight attendant or a customer service representative who must stay polite even when a customer is rude. It is a very common topic in Korean discussions about mental health.

The official name is '근로자의 날' (Geun-ro-ja-ui Nal), which falls on May 1st. However, many people and organizations also refer to it as '노동절' (No-dong-jeol).

Not in daily speech. People almost always say '일하다.' You might see '노동하다' in a dictionary, a poem, or a very formal speech, but using it with friends will sound very strange.

It means 'simple labor' or 'unskilled labor.' It refers to tasks that are repetitive and don't require special training, like moving boxes or basic assembly line work. It's often discussed in the context of automation.

No, it is a noun. To make it a verb, you must add '하다' to get '노동하다.' But as mentioned, this is rare in spoken Korean.

It means 'labor power' or 'workforce.' It refers to the collective ability of people to work, often used in economic statistics like '노동력 부족' (labor shortage).

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