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명문화하다

B2 verb #8,000 最常用 10分钟阅读

명문화하다

myeongmunhwahada 前8,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 명문화하다 30秒了解

解析 명문화하다 in your Level:

명문화하다 is a very difficult word for A1 students. You don't need to use it yet! It means 'to write a rule in a formal book.' Imagine you and your friend have a rule: 'No phones at dinner.' If you write this rule in a notebook and both sign it, that is like '명문화하다.' At the A1 level, we usually just say '쓰다' (to write) or '약속하다' (to promise). This word is made of three parts: 명 (clear), 문 (writing), and 화 (to make). So it means 'to make clear writing.' You will see this word in very important places like news or big company rules. For now, just remember that it is a very formal way to say 'write down a rule.' Examples: 'I write the rule.' (나는 규칙을 써요.) In a more difficult way: 'I make the rule into clear writing.' (나는 규칙을 명문화해요.)

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At the A2 level, you might start seeing '명문화하다' in short news clips or formal announcements. It means 'to stipulate' or 'to put in writing formally.' Think about your school rules. If the school writes down 'No smoking' in the official handbook, they have '명문화'ed that rule. It is different from just writing a note. It is official. You use this word with an object like '규칙' (rule) or '약속' (promise). The grammar is [Object] + 을/를 + 명문화하다. For example: '계약서에 약속을 명문화해요' (I put the promise in the contract). This word is very formal, so you should use '합니다' or '해요' endings. It's a good word to know if you are reading about Korean laws or working in a Korean office.

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For B1 learners, '명문화하다' is an important word for understanding formal Korean society. It means to 'codify' or 'stipulate' something in a legal or official document. You will often hear this in discussions about contracts, company policies, or social rules. It implies that a verbal agreement is being made official by being written down. The nuance is that once something is '명문화'ed, it has authority and can be used to solve arguments. Common phrases include '법으로 명문화하다' (to codify into law) and '조항을 명문화하다' (to stipulate a clause). You should also learn the passive form, '명문화되다' (to be codified). For example, '이 규칙은 계약서에 명문화되어 있습니다' (This rule is codified in the contract). This word helps you sound more professional in business settings.

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B2 is the target level for '명문화하다.' You should be able to use this word to describe the formalization of rules and rights. It is specifically used when an abstract principle or a verbal consensus is given a concrete, written form in a document like a constitution, a treaty, or a statute. The word emphasizes the transition from 'unwritten' to 'written.' You should distinguish it from '명시하다' (to specify clearly) which can be verbal, and '문서화하다' (to document) which is more general. In B2 level reading, you will encounter this word in editorials and legal texts. For example, '기본권을 헌법에 명문화함으로써 국민의 자유를 보장한다' (By codifying basic rights in the constitution, the citizens' freedom is guaranteed). You should also be comfortable with the noun form '명문화' (codification/stipulation).

At the C1 level, you should understand the deep legal and social implications of '명문화하다.' It is a key term in the 'Rule of Law' (법치주의). In C1 contexts, it often refers to the 'positivization' of natural law or the formalization of customary norms. You will see it in high-level academic discussions about constitutional law and international treaties. It is often contrasted with '불문법' (unwritten law/customary law). You should be able to discuss the pros and cons of '명문화'—how it provides clarity but can also lead to rigidity in the legal system. Advanced usage includes phrases like '명문화의 필요성' (the necessity of codification) or '명문화된 규정의 한계' (the limits of codified regulations). You should also recognize its synonyms like '성문화하다' and '조문화하다' and know when to use each based on the specific technical context.

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For C2 speakers, '명문화하다' is a precise tool for discussing the structural foundations of governance and legal theory. It is used to describe the act of giving 'lex scripta' (written law) status to societal values. You will encounter it in complex legal philosophy texts or supreme court deliberations. At this level, you should understand the historical evolution of '명문화' from the Code of Hammurabi to modern digital rights. You can use it to analyze how international norms are '명문화'ed into domestic laws through ratification. The usage is highly formal and precise. For example, '보편적 인권의 가치를 실정법 체계 내로 명문화하는 과정에서 발생하는 법적 충돌을 해결해야 한다' (We must resolve legal conflicts that arise in the process of codifying universal human rights values into the positive law system).

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

명문화하다 30秒了解

A formal verb meaning 'to codify' or 'to stipulate' in writing.
Used in legal, business, and official contexts to make rules binding.
Comes from Hanja: Clear (明) + Writing (文) + Become (化).
Crucial for removing ambiguity in agreements and laws.

The Korean verb 명문화하다 (myeong-mun-hwa-ha-da) is a sophisticated term primarily used in legal, official, and formal contexts. At its core, it refers to the act of taking an idea, a verbal agreement, or a vague principle and transforming it into a formal, written document or a specific clause within a law or contract. The word is composed of three Hanja roots: 明 (명 - clear), 文 (문 - writing/text), and 化 (화 - to become/change), which literally translates to 'making it into clear writing.' This isn't just about jotting down a grocery list; it is about providing legal force and undeniable clarity to a rule or right. When people use this word, they are usually discussing the formalization of rules to prevent future disputes or to solidify a new social standard. For instance, if a company has an unwritten policy about flexible working hours, the employees might demand that the management 명문화하다 those rules into the employment contract to ensure they are protected regardless of who the manager is.

Legal Context: In the realm of law, this word is used when a supreme court ruling or a customary law is officially drafted into a statute (statutory law). It signifies the transition from 'what is understood' to 'what is written'.
Business Context: During negotiations, a party might insist on '명문화' to ensure that verbal promises made during a meeting are legally binding in the final signed agreement.
Social Context: When a society changes, new rights (like digital privacy) are often codified into the constitution. This process is described as '명문화하다'.

정부는 새로운 환경 규제를 법전으로 명문화했다.

Translation: The government codified the new environmental regulations into the legal code.

Historically, the transition from oral traditions to written laws was a massive leap in human civilization. In Korea, this term evokes the spirit of the 'Gyeongguk Daejeon' (The Great Code of State Administration) from the Joseon Dynasty, where administrative rules were meticulously written down. Today, in a fast-paced digital world, the need to 명문화하다 is more relevant than ever, as terms of service and privacy policies must be clearly defined to protect users. It is a word that carries the weight of authority. If something is merely said, it can be forgotten; if it is 명문화-ed, it becomes a permanent record that can be used in a court of law.

노사 양측은 합의 내용을 단체 협약에 명문화하기로 합의했다.

Translation: Both labor and management agreed to stipulate the terms of the agreement in the collective bargaining agreement.

When using this word, you often see it paired with nouns like '조항' (clause), '법률' (law), '원칙' (principle), or '권리' (right). It is a transitive verb, so it usually takes an object marked by '을/를'. For example, '권리를 명문화하다' (to codify a right). It can also be used in the passive form '명문화되다' (to be codified/stipulated), which is very common when describing laws that have already been established. In an academic or news setting, you will frequently hear about '명문화된 규정' (stipulated regulations). Understanding this word helps you navigate the formal side of Korean society, from signing an apartment lease to understanding national policy changes.

헌법에 국민의 기본권을 명문화하는 것은 민주주의의 기초입니다.

Using 명문화하다 correctly requires an understanding of its formal register. This isn't a word you would use while texting a friend about a movie, but it is exactly what you need when discussing a contract or a serious institutional change. The most common structure is [Object] + 을/를 + [Location] + 에 + 명문화하다. For example, '합의 사항을 계약서에 명문화하다' (To stipulate the agreed matters in the contract). This structure emphasizes where the written record is being placed.

Pattern: [Rule]을 법으로 명문화하다: Used when a social norm or a temporary policy is turned into a permanent law. 'The prohibition of child labor was codified into law.'
Pattern: [Right]을 헌법에 명문화하다: Used for the highest level of formalization—putting something in the constitution. 'The right to a clean environment should be codified in the constitution.'

이 조항은 계약의 효력을 발생시키기 위해 반드시 명문화해야 합니다.

Translation: This clause must be codified in order for the contract to take effect.

Another important usage is with the particle -기로, which indicates a decision or agreement. '명문화하기로 했다' means '(They) decided to stipulate/codify (it)'. This is very common in news headlines reporting on negotiations. For example, '양국은 영토 분쟁을 평화적으로 해결할 것을 조약에 명문화하기로 합의했다' (The two countries agreed to stipulate in the treaty that they will resolve territorial disputes peacefully). This highlights the intentionality behind the act of writing.

회사는 유연 근무제를 취업 규칙에 명문화함으로써 직원의 복지를 보장했다.

Translation: The company guaranteed employee welfare by codifying the flexible work system into the employment rules.

You can also use the noun form 명문화 on its own. For example, '규정의 명문화가 시급하다' (The codification of regulations is urgent). This is often seen in academic papers or policy proposals. When you want to emphasize the resulting state rather than the action, use the passive 명문화되다. '이 원칙은 이미 법률로 명문화되어 있다' (This principle is already codified by law). This passive form is essential for describing existing legal frameworks. Because the word is so formal, it often appears with other high-level vocabulary like '규정' (regulation), '조약' (treaty), '정관' (articles of association), and '명시' (specification).

구두 약속은 법적 효력이 약하므로 반드시 서면으로 명문화해야 합니다.

과거에는 관습이었던 일들이 이제는 법전으로 명문화되었습니다.

You are most likely to encounter 명문화하다 in the news, particularly during segments covering politics, law, and corporate governance. When the National Assembly (국회) discusses amending the constitution, journalists will talk about whether a specific right should be 명문화-ed. For example, in recent years, there have been heated debates in Korea about whether to 명문화하다 the state's responsibility for safety in the constitution following major disasters. You will also hear it in business news, specifically regarding 'M&A' (Mergers and Acquisitions) or labor disputes, where the details of a compromise must be '명문화' to be valid.

News Headlines: '정부, 탄소 중립 목표 법으로 명문화 추진' (Government pushes to codify carbon neutrality goals into law).
Legal Dramas: Lawyers in K-dramas often use this word when arguing that a verbal promise doesn't hold weight because it wasn't '명문화' in the contract.

기자: 이번 합의안에 임금 인상분이 명문화되었습니까?

Translation: Reporter: Was the wage increase codified in this agreement?

In a professional office environment, you might hear this word during a policy meeting. If a team lead says, '이 규칙을 운영 가이드에 명문화합시다' (Let's codify this rule in the operating guide), they are suggesting that the informal way of doing things should become the official standard. It’s a word that signals a move toward professionalism and accountability. You might also see it in university syllabi or academic regulations where specific student rights or grading policies are 명문화-ed to prevent confusion or unfairness.

교수님: 시험 부정행위에 대한 처벌 규정은 학칙에 명문화되어 있습니다.

Translation: Professor: The punishment regulations for exam cheating are codified in the school regulations.

Furthermore, in the context of international relations, you'll hear diplomats talking about '명문화된 조약' (codified treaties). When two countries reach a verbal agreement, the next step is always to 명문화하다 those terms to ensure international recognition. If you are reading a Korean newspaper's editorial (사설), you will frequently see the author arguing that certain rights or protections need to be 명문화-ed to solve a systemic social issue. It is a powerful word used by those who want to create lasting, structural change through the power of the written word.

앵커: 오늘 국회에서는 동물권을 법률로 명문화하는 방안이 논의되었습니다.

변호사: 계약서에 명문화되지 않은 내용은 법적 보호를 받기 어렵습니다.

The most common mistake learners make with 명문화하다 is using it in a context that is too casual. Because its English translation 'codify' or 'stipulate' is also formal, learners sometimes think it just means 'to write down clearly.' However, 명문화하다 implies an official, governing power. If you write your password on a sticky note, you are not 명문화-ing it; you are just 기록하다 (recording) or 적다 (writing down) it. Use 명문화하다 only when the writing creates a rule, a law, or a binding agreement.

Mistake: Casual Writing: Incorrect: '친구와의 약속을 일기장에 명문화했다.' (I codified the promise with my friend in my diary.) Correct: '친구와의 약속을 일기장에 적었다.'
Mistake: Confusing with 명시하다: '명시하다' means 'to state clearly.' While similar, '명문화하다' specifically focuses on the act of putting it into the form of a '문' (text/law). '명시하다' can be verbal or written.

잘못된 사용: 오늘 할 일을 메모지에 명문화했어요. (Wrong: I codified my to-do list on a memo.)

Another mistake is the incorrect use of particles. Since it is a transitive verb, it must have an object (을/를). Some learners try to use it as an intransitive verb. For instance, you cannot say '규정이 명문화해요' (The regulation codifies). You must say '규정을 명문화해요' (Someone codifies the regulation) or '규정이 명문화되었어요' (The regulation was codified). Also, be careful with the Hanja roots. Some people confuse 명문 (famous text/excellent writing) with the 명문 (clear text/stipulation) in 명문화하다. While they sound the same, the context of 'making a rule' always points to the latter.

올바른 사용: 회사는 새로운 복지 정책을 사규에 명문화했습니다.

Translation: The company codified the new welfare policy in the company rules.

Lastly, learners often forget the '화' (hwa) part. They might say '명문하다', which is not a standard verb in this context. The '화' is crucial because it indicates the process of becoming written text. It’s the transformation of an idea into a formal document. Always remember the three-step Hanja structure: Clear (명) + Text (문) + Become (화). If you keep this in mind, you'll avoid using simpler words when a more powerful, professional term is needed.

비교: '글로 쓰다' (casual) vs '기록하다' (neutral) vs '명문화하다' (legal/formal).

While 명문화하다 is specific, there are several related words that you might encounter depending on the nuance you want to convey. The most direct synonym is 성문화하다 (seong-mun-hwa-ha-da). In many legal contexts, these two are interchangeable. However, 성문화하다 specifically refers to 'statutory law' (성문법) as opposed to 'customary law' (불문법). If you are talking about making a law part of the official legal code, 성문화하다 is very common.

성문화하다 (Codify/Statute): Very similar to 명문화하다 but often used specifically for legal systems and formal statutes.
명시하다 (Specify/State Clearly): Focuses on the clarity of the statement. You can '명시' something verbally, whereas '명문화' must be in writing.
규정하다 (Regulate/Define): Focuses on the content of the rule itself rather than the act of writing it down.

비교: '이 원칙을 법으로 명문화합시다' (Let's codify this into law) vs '이 원칙을 명시합시다' (Let's state this principle clearly).

If you are in a less formal setting, you might use 문서화하다 (mun-seo-hwa-ha-da), which means 'to document.' This is very common in business for things like meeting minutes or project specs. It doesn't necessarily carry the 'legal rule' weight of 명문화하다, but it's great for general office work. Another alternative is 조문화하다 (jo-mun-hwa-ha-da), which specifically means to turn something into a '조문' (article or clause of a law). This is the most technical term of the bunch.

회사의 운영 방침을 문서화하여 모든 직원에게 배포했다.

Translation: The company documented the operational policy and distributed it to all employees.

In summary, choose 명문화하다 when you want to sound authoritative and legal. Choose 명시하다 when the focus is on clarity. Choose 문서화하다 for general documentation. And if you are writing a law, 성문화하다 or 조문화하다 are your best bets. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker and ensure you use the right level of formality in professional Korean environments.

법조계에서는 관습법을 성문화하는 작업이 계속되고 있다.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The character '文' (mun) originally depicted a person with a tattoo on their chest, symbolizing 'marking' or 'patterns,' which evolved into the meaning of 'writing.'

发音指南

UK [mjʌŋmunβwaɦada]

US [mjʌŋmunhwahada]

Stress is evenly distributed across syllables, typical of Korean, but a slight emphasis on the first syllable '명' is common in formal speech.

押韵词

정당화하다 (jeong-dang-hwa-ha-da) 공식화하다 (gong-sik-hwa-ha-da) 시각화하다 (si-gak-hwa-ha-da) 일반화하다 (il-ban-hwa-ha-da) 전문화하다 (jeon-mun-hwa-ha-da) 구체화하다 (gu-che-hwa-ha-da) 단순화하다 (dan-sun-hwa-ha-da) 현대화하다 (hyeon-dae-hwa-ha-da)

常见错误

Pronouncing '명' as '면' (nasal error).
Dropping the 'h' sound in 'hwa', making it sound like 'wa'.
Confusing the vowel 'u' in 'mun' with 'o'.
Speaking too fast and blurring '문화' into '무나'.
Incorrectly stressing the 'ha' at the end like an English verb.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Common in newspapers and formal documents but requires Hanja knowledge.

写作 5/5

Hard to use correctly without sounding too formal or stiff.

口语 5/5

Rarely used in daily speech; mainly for professional presentations.

听力 4/5

Frequent in news broadcasts and legal dramas.

接下来学什么

前置知识

기록하다 약속하다 규칙 법 문서

接下来学习

성문화하다 조문화하다 법치주의 실효성 천명하다

高级

헌법 개정 조약 비준 입법 예고 사법 해석

需要掌握的语法

-기로 하다 (Decide to)

우리는 그 조항을 명문화하기로 했습니다.

-음으로써 (By doing)

규칙을 명문화함으로써 갈등을 줄였습니다.

-ㄴ/은/는 것 (Gerund)

약속을 명문화하는 것이 안전합니다.

-어야 하다 (Must)

반드시 서면으로 명문화해야 합니다.

-아/어지다 (Passive state)

그 법은 이미 명문화되어 있습니다.

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按水平分级的例句

우리는 규칙을 명문화해요.

We write down the rules clearly.

명문화하다 is the verb 'to codify'.

그는 약속을 명문화했어요.

He wrote the promise in a formal way.

Past tense: 명문화했어요.

이것을 명문화합시다.

Let's put this in writing.

-읍시다 suggests a proposal.

선생님이 규칙을 명문화했어요.

The teacher wrote down the rules formally.

Subject + Object + Verb.

명문화하는 것이 중요해요.

Writing it down formally is important.

-는 것 makes the verb a noun.

우리는 법을 명문화해요.

We codify the law.

Simple present tense.

계약서에 명문화해요.

I stipulate it in the contract.

Location + 에.

그들은 명문화하고 싶어해요.

They want to codify it.

-고 싶어하다 means 'want to'.

새로운 규칙을 사규에 명문화했습니다.

The new rules were codified in the company regulations.

Formal ending -습니다.

계약서에 이 조항을 명문화해야 합니다.

This clause must be stipulated in the contract.

-아야/어야 하다 means 'must'.

회의 내용을 명문화하기로 했어요.

We decided to put the meeting contents in writing formally.

-기로 하다 means 'to decide to'.

모든 약속은 명문화하는 것이 좋습니다.

It is good to put all promises in writing.

-는 것이 좋다 means 'it is good to'.

그 규정은 이미 명문화되어 있어요.

That regulation is already codified.

Passive state: 명문화되어 있다.

누가 이 법을 명문화했나요?

Who codified this law?

Question form -나요?

우리는 권리를 명문화하려고 노력해요.

We are trying to codify our rights.

-으려고 노력하다 means 'trying to'.

이것을 명문화하지 않으면 안 됩니다.

You must codify this (If you don't, it's not okay).

Double negative for emphasis.

노사 양측은 합의안을 단체 협약에 명문화하기로 합의했다.

Both labor and management agreed to stipulate the agreement in the collective bargaining agreement.

Uses formal '합의했다'.

정부는 소비자 보호를 위해 관련 법률을 명문화했다.

The government codified relevant laws for consumer protection.

-기 위해 means 'for the sake of'.

구두로만 약속하지 말고 반드시 명문화하세요.

Don't just promise verbally; be sure to put it in writing.

-지 말고 means 'don't... but...'.

이 원칙이 명문화되면 분쟁이 줄어들 것입니다.

If this principle is codified, disputes will decrease.

-면 means 'if'.

회사는 유연 근무제를 취업 규칙에 명문화했습니다.

The company codified the flexible working system in the employment rules.

Business context.

개인 정보 보호 정책을 명문화하는 작업이 진행 중입니다.

The work of codifying the privacy policy is in progress.

-는 중이다 means 'in the middle of'.

헌법에 명문화된 국민의 권리를 지켜야 합니다.

We must protect the rights of citizens codified in the constitution.

Noun modification: 명문화된 + 권리.

그들은 새로운 운영 방침을 명문화할 것을 요구했다.

They demanded that the new operational policy be codified.

-을 것을 요구하다 means 'demand that'.

국제 사회는 환경 보호 의무를 국제 조약으로 명문화했다.

The international community codified environmental protection obligations into international treaties.

B2 level vocabulary: 국제 사회, 의무, 조약.

이 조항을 명문화함으로써 법적 실효성을 확보할 수 있다.

By codifying this clause, legal effectiveness can be secured.

-함으로써 means 'by doing'.

과거의 관습을 성문법으로 명문화하는 과정은 복잡하다.

The process of codifying past customs into statutory law is complex.

Uses '성문법' (statutory law).

양국은 영토 분쟁 해결 방안을 명문화하기 위해 회담을 가졌다.

The two countries held a summit to codify measures for resolving territorial disputes.

Diplomatic context.

인권 보호의 원칙을 헌법에 명문화하는 것은 민주주의의 핵심이다.

Codifying the principles of human rights protection in the constitution is the core of democracy.

Abstract social concept.

계약서상에 명문화되지 않은 내용은 효력을 인정받기 어렵다.

Content not codified in the contract is difficult to have its validity recognized.

Legal nuance: 효력, 인정받다.

정부는 탄소 중립 목표를 법률로 명문화하겠다고 발표했다.

The government announced it would codify the carbon neutrality goal into law.

-겠다고 발표하다 means 'announced that it will'.

운영 지침을 명문화하여 업무의 효율성을 높이기로 했다.

They decided to increase work efficiency by codifying operational guidelines.

Business efficiency context.

디지털 시대의 프라이버시권을 법적으로 명문화하는 논의가 활발하다.

Discussions on legally codifying the right to privacy in the digital age are active.

High-level social issue.

사회적 합의가 결여된 상태에서 법률을 명문화하는 것은 위험할 수 있다.

Codifying a law in a state where social consensus is lacking can be dangerous.

Critical thinking context.

이 조약은 국가 간의 신뢰를 바탕으로 구두 약속을 명문화한 것이다.

This treaty is the codification of a verbal promise based on trust between nations.

-ㄴ 것이다 for emphasis/explanation.

명문화된 규정은 때로 변화하는 시대상을 반영하지 못하는 한계가 있다.

Codified regulations sometimes have the limitation of not reflecting changing times.

Philosophical reflection.

정치적 타협의 산물로 명문화된 조항들은 해석상의 논란을 불러일으킨다.

Clauses codified as a product of political compromise cause controversies in interpretation.

Political science terminology.

기본권의 명문화는 국가 권력의 남용을 방지하는 최후의 보루이다.

The codification of basic rights is the last bastion against the abuse of state power.

Metaphorical usage: 최후의 보루.

법적 안정성을 위해 관습법을 명문화하는 작업이 시급히 요구된다.

The work of codifying customary law is urgently required for legal stability.

Legal theory: 법적 안정성.

기업 윤리 강령을 명문화함으로써 투명 경영의 의지를 대내외에 천명했다.

By codifying the corporate code of ethics, they declared their commitment to transparent management internally and externally.

Advanced business Korean: 천명하다.

자연법적 권리를 실정법 체계 내로 명문화하는 것은 법철학적 과제이다.

Codifying natural law rights into the positive law system is a task of legal philosophy.

Academic terminology: 자연법, 실정법.

국제 관습법이 성문 조약으로 명문화됨으로써 국제 질서의 예측 가능성이 증대되었다.

As international customary law was codified into written treaties, the predictability of the international order increased.

Passive nominalization: 명문화됨으로써.

명문화된 텍스트와 입법 취지 사이의 간극을 메우는 것은 사법부의 역할이다.

It is the role of the judiciary to bridge the gap between the codified text and the legislative intent.

Complex legal reasoning.

특정 이데올로기를 헌법에 명문화하려는 시도는 사회적 갈등을 심화시킬 우려가 있다.

Attempts to codify a specific ideology in the constitution risk deepening social conflict.

-ㄹ 우려가 있다 means 'there is a risk of'.

포괄적 차별금지법의 명문화는 소수자 인권 보호의 획기적인 전기가 될 것이다.

The codification of a comprehensive anti-discrimination law will be a landmark turning point for the protection of minority rights.

Sociopolitical analysis: 획기적인 전기.

계약의 세부 사항을 명문화하는 과정에서 당사자 간의 이해관계가 첨예하게 대립했다.

In the process of codifying the details of the contract, the interests of the parties were sharply opposed.

Idiomatic usage: 첨예하게 대립하다.

법치주의의 확립을 위해서는 권력 행사의 근거와 절차를 명문화하는 것이 필수적이다.

For the establishment of the rule of law, it is essential to codify the grounds and procedures for the exercise of power.

Formal governance context.

역사적 화해의 내용을 선언문에 명문화함으로써 비극적 과거와의 단절을 시도했다.

By codifying the content of historical reconciliation in the declaration, they attempted to break with the tragic past.

Historical/Diplomatic context.

近义词

규정하다 성문화하다 문서화하다 명시하다

反义词

구두로 하다 묵인하다

常见搭配

법률로 명문화하다

계약서에 명문화하다

조항을 명문화하다

헌법에 명문화하다

원칙을 명문화하다

의무를 명문화하다

권리를 명문화하다

합의 사항을 명문화하다

명문화된 규정

명문화가 시급하다

常用短语

명문화할 필요가 있다

— There is a need to codify (it). Used when arguing for formal rules.

이 규칙은 명문화할 필요가 있습니다.

명문화하기로 합의하다

— To agree to codify (it). Standard in negotiation reports.

양측은 임금 인상을 명문화하기로 합의했다.

명문화되어 있지 않다

— It is not codified. Used to point out a legal loophole.

그 내용은 계약서에 명문화되어 있지 않아요.

명문화의 중요성

— The importance of codification.

계약에서 명문화의 중요성은 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않다.

문서로 명문화하다

— To codify in a document. Emphasizes the physical record.

구두 약속을 문서로 명문화했다.

명문화 추진

— Pushing for codification. Common in political news.

정부는 대체 공휴일 명문화 추진에 나섰다.

명문화된 법

— Written/Statutory law.

명문화된 법에 근거하여 판결을 내렸다.

명문화 절차

— The procedure of codification.

명문화 절차가 복잡해서 시간이 걸립니다.

명문화 요청

— Request for codification.

노조는 안전 수칙의 명문화를 요청했다.

명문화된 근거

— Codified grounds/basis.

명문화된 근거 없이는 행동할 수 없습니다.

容易混淆的词

명문화하다 vs 명시하다

명시하다 means 'to state clearly' (can be verbal). 명문화하다 specifically means 'to put in written law/document'.

명문화하다 vs 성문화하다

Almost identical, but 성문화하다 is more strictly used for 'statutory law' vs 'customary law'.

명문화하다 vs 문서화하다

문서화하다 is 'to document' (general). 명문화하다 is 'to codify' (legal/official rules).

习语与表达

"명문으로 남기다"

— To leave a clear written record. Similar to 명문화하다 but emphasizes the legacy.

역사의 교훈을 명문으로 남겨야 한다.

Formal/Literary

"못을 박다"

— To nail it down. Often used when someone insists on '명문화' to make something final.

계약서에 그 조항을 명문화해서 못을 박았다.

Idiomatic/Spoken

"흑백을 가리다"

— To distinguish black from white (right from wrong). Codification helps to '흑백을 가리다'.

명문화된 규정은 흑백을 가리는 기준이 된다.

Neutral

"글로 옮기다"

— To put into words/writing. A simpler version of 명문화하다.

생각을 글로 옮겨 명문화했다.

Neutral

"활자로 찍다"

— To print in type. Implies making something official and unchangeable.

법전에 활자로 찍힌 내용은 바꿀 수 없다.

Literary

"서류로 증명하다"

— To prove with documents. The goal of 명문화.

합의를 명문화하여 서류로 증명했다.

Professional

"입을 막다"

— To silence someone. Codifying rules can 'silence' complaints by being clear.

규정을 명문화해서 불필요한 논란의 입을 막았다.

Informal

"도장을 찍다"

— To stamp a seal. The final step after 명문화.

명문화된 계약서에 도장을 찍었다.

Neutral

"뿌리를 내리다"

— To take root. Codifying a law helps a social value 'take root'.

인권 의식이 법으로 명문화되어 사회에 뿌리를 내렸다.

Metaphorical

"길을 열다"

— To open a path. Codifying a right 'opens the path' for progress.

이번 법 개정은 복지 사회로 가는 길을 명문화했다.

Metaphorical

容易混淆

명문화하다 vs 명문 (名文)

Sounds exactly like the '명문' in 명문화하다.

名文 means 'excellent writing/prose'. 明文 (in 명문화) means 'clear/official text'.

그는 명문을 쓰는 작가다. (He is a writer who writes excellent prose.)

명문화하다 vs 명문 (名門)

Another homonym.

名門 means a 'prestigious family' or 'prestigious school'.

그는 명문대 출신이다. (He is from a prestigious university.)

명문화하다 vs 기록하다

Both involve writing.

기록하다 is just recording facts or events. 명문화하다 is making a rule or law.

역사를 기록하다. (Record history.)

명문화하다 vs 입법하다

Both relate to laws.

입법하다 is the whole process of making a law. 명문화하다 is specifically the act of writing the text of the law.

국회가 법을 입법했다. (The Assembly legislated the law.)

명문화하다 vs 공포하다

Both relate to official laws.

공포하다 is 'to promulgate' or officially announce a law to the public after it's written.

대통령이 법을 공포했다. (The President promulgated the law.)

句型

[Object]을/를 명문화하다

규칙을 명문화하다.

[Location]에 명문화하다

계약서에 명문화하다.

[Object]을/를 [Location]에 명문화하다

합의 내용을 조약에 명문화하다.

[Object]을/를 [Method]로 명문화하다

원칙을 법률로 명문화하다.

[Noun]의 명문화가 시급하다

기본권의 명문화가 시급하다.

[Object]을/를 명문화할 것을 요구하다

임금 인상을 명문화할 것을 요구하다.

[Object]이/가 명문화됨으로써 [Result]

권리가 명문화됨으로써 법적 보호가 강화되었다.

명문화된 규정에 근거하여

명문화된 규정에 근거하여 판결을 내리다.

词族

名词

명문화 Codification, stipulation

명문 Stipulation, clear text

动词

명문화되다 To be codified/stipulated (passive)

명문화시키다 To cause to be codified (causative)

如何使用

frequency

Common in specialized fields (Law, Politics, HR), medium in general news, low in casual talk.

常见错误

Using it for casual notes. → 친구에게 줄 메모를 적었다.
명문화하다 is for official rules, not casual memos. Use '적다' for simple writing.
Using as an intransitive verb: '규칙이 명문화해요'. → 규칙을 명문화해요 / 규칙이 명문화돼요.
명문화하다 is transitive. It needs an object or must be in the passive form.
Confusing with '명시하다' for verbal statements. → 그는 자신의 의견을 명시했다.
If it's just spoken clearly, use '명시하다'. '명문화하다' requires a written document.
Saying '명문하다' instead of '명문화하다'. → 조항을 명문화했다.
The '화' (to become/make) is essential to the meaning of 'codifying'.
Using with emotional/personal topics. → 우리의 사랑을 약속했다.
Using '명문화하다' for personal feelings sounds like you're signing a cold legal contract.

小贴士

Using with -기로 하다

When reporting on a decision to formalize a rule, always use '명문화하기로 했다'. This is the standard phrase in business and news.

Business Tip

In a Korean office, if you want to ensure a verbal agreement is honored, say: '이 내용을 회의록에 명문화하는 것이 좋겠습니다' (It would be good to codify this in the minutes).

Synonym Choice

Use '문서화하다' for general documents and '명문화하다' for rules that have authority or legal weight.

Legal Writing

In legal essays, use '성문화하다' when discussing the legal system and '명문화하다' when discussing specific rights or clauses.

Ambiguity Removal

The primary goal of '명문화' is to remove '모호함' (ambiguity). Mentioning both words together shows a high level of Korean proficiency.

Hanja Memory

Remembering '문' (writing) as in '문서' (document) or '문자' (text) will help you remember that this verb always involves writing.

Formality Check

Always use the 'Hapsho-che' (합니다) or 'Haeyo-che' (해요) with this word. It is too formal for 'Ban-mal' (informal speech) in most contexts.

Pronunciation

Don't rush the 'hwa' (화). A clear 'h' sound makes you sound more professional and educated.

Korean Law

Korea is a civil law country, meaning '명문화된 법' (written law) is the primary source of law, unlike common law countries like the US or UK.

TOPIK Prep

This is a common word in TOPIK II reading passages (Levels 5-6). Be sure to recognize it in the context of social and political issues.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Myeong' as 'Mirror' (clear), 'Mun' as 'Manuscript' (writing), and 'Hwa' as 'Happen' (to make it happen). You are making a clear manuscript happen!

视觉联想

Imagine a judge hitting a gavel onto a giant book of laws where a new sentence is glowing brightly in gold ink.

Word Web

Law Contract Clear Writing Official Binding Clause Regulation

挑战

Try to think of one 'unwritten rule' in your house. Now, write a sentence in Korean about 'codifying' that rule into a 'House Constitution' using 명문화하다.

词源

Derived from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters). '명' (明) means bright or clear. '문' (文) means writing, text, or literature. '화' (化) means to change, become, or -ize. '하다' (爲) is the native Korean verb 'to do'.

原始含义： To make into clear writing.

Sino-Korean

文化背景

This is a neutral, professional term. No specific sensitivities, but using it in casual settings can make you sound cold or overly legalistic.

In English, we use 'codify' for laws and 'stipulate' for contract clauses. 명문화하다 covers both.

The South Korean Constitution (대한민국 헌법) is the most famous example of 명문화된 rights. The 'Gyeongguk Daejeon' (Joseon law code) is the historical root of this concept in Korea. News reports on 'Carbon Neutrality' (탄소 중립) often use this word regarding new laws.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Legal/Lawmaking

법률로 명문화하다
헌법에 명문화하다
명문화된 조항
성문화법 체계

Business/Contracts

계약서에 명문화하다
합의 내용을 명문화하다
명문화된 규정
문서로 명문화하다

Corporate Governance

사규에 명문화하다
운영 원칙을 명문화하다
윤리 강령의 명문화
명문화된 절차

International Relations

조약으로 명문화하다
공동 선언문에 명문화하다
합의 사항 명문화
국제법의 명문화

Social Rights

기본권을 명문화하다
인권의 명문화
차별 금지 명문화
법적 근거 명문화

对话开场白

"새로운 회사 규칙을 계약서에 명문화하는 것에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"우리나라 헌법에 어떤 권리를 추가로 명문화해야 한다고 보십니까?"

"구두 약속보다 명문화된 계약이 왜 더 중요하다고 생각하시나요?"

"최근 뉴스에서 본 '명문화' 관련 이슈가 있나요?"

"학교 규칙 중 명문화되지 않았지만 지켜야 하는 것이 있나요?"

日记主题

나만의 인생 철학 세 가지를 정하고, 이를 '나의 헌법'으로 명문화해 보세요.

직장에서 겪은 갈등 중, 규칙이 명문화되어 있었다면 해결되었을 사례를 써 보세요.

디지털 권리 중 가장 시급하게 법으로 명문화되어야 할 것은 무엇인지 논하시오.

명문화된 법과 인간의 도덕성 사이의 관계에 대해 자신의 생각을 정리해 보세요.

만약 당신이 새로운 나라를 세운다면, 가장 먼저 명문화하고 싶은 법은 무엇입니까?

常见问题

10 个问题

Technically no. 명문화하다 implies an official rule or law that others must follow. For a diary, use '적다' or '기록하다'. If you use 명문화하다, it sounds like you are treating your diary as a legal constitution.

They are very similar. However, 성문화하다 is a more technical legal term used when comparing 'written law' (성문법) to 'customary law' (불문법). 명문화하다 is more widely used in business and general official contexts.

No, it's frequently used with '계약서' (contract), '사규' (company rules), and '합의서' (agreement). Anything that needs a formal, written rule can be '명문화'ed.

No. By definition, it involves '문' (writing/text). You can '명시' (state clearly) something verbally, but you cannot '명문화' it until you write it down in an official document.

The passive form is '명문화되다' (to be codified). Example: '그 규칙은 이미 명문화되어 있습니다' (That rule is already codified).

It is common in the news and at work, but not in casual conversations with friends or family. It is a 'Level 4' or 'Level 5' word in terms of formality.

No, it is a neutral, administrative term. However, in some contexts, it can imply a lack of trust (e.g., 'If you trust me, why do we need to 명문화 everything?').

The Hanja is 明 (밝을 명), which means bright or clear. It signifies that the writing makes the rule 'clear' to everyone.

Not really. A recipe is just instructions. 명문화하다 is for rules, rights, and obligations. You 'document' (문서화) a recipe, but you 'codify' (명문화) a law.

The noun form is simply '명문화'. Example: '규정의 명문화' (The codification of regulations).

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