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Polish
词汇
dominować

B2 verb 14分钟阅读

dominować

开始练习例句笔记与提示 dominować 30秒了解

解析 dominować in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'dominować' often, but you might recognize it because it sounds like 'dominate'. Think of it simply as 'being the biggest' or 'being the most'. At this stage, you might see it in very simple sentences about colors or sports. For example, 'W tym pokoju dominuje kolor biały' (In this room, the white color is the most common). You should focus on the fact that it ends in -ować, just like 'pracować' (to work). This means it's a verb. Don't worry about the complex grammar yet. Just remember that if you see 'dominują', it means 'they dominate' (plural), and 'dominuje' means 'it/he/she dominates' (singular). It's a useful word to know if you want to describe a picture or a simple situation where one thing stands out more than others. You can use it to talk about your favorite team: 'Moja drużyna dominuje!' (My team is dominating!). It's a 'power' word that helps you express who is stronger in a very basic way. You might also hear it in simple descriptions of weather or nature, like 'Słońce dominuje na niebie' (The sun dominates the sky). Even at A1, knowing this word makes you sound a bit more advanced than just using 'jest' (is). It's a great 'bridge' word because it exists in many languages, making it easy to memorize. Just focus on the spelling and the basic 'most common' meaning for now.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'dominować' to describe simple comparisons. You are learning about the instrumental case (narzędnik), and this is a great word to practice it with. When you want to say one thing is 'over' another in terms of power, you use 'nad' and the instrumental case. For example, 'Kot dominuje nad psem' (The cat dominates over the dog). You can also use it to describe your environment in more detail. If you are talking about your city, you could say 'W centrum dominują stare kamienice' (In the center, old tenement houses dominate). This is more descriptive than just saying 'there are many houses'. You should also notice that 'dominować' is an imperfective verb. This means it's about a state that lasts. If you see 'zdominować', that's the 'finished' version. At A2, stick to the present tense: 'dominuję', 'dominujesz', 'dominuje'. It's also useful for talking about hobbies. If you play video games, you can say 'On dominuje w tej grze' (He dominates in this game). It's a way to express skill and superiority. You might also see it in simple news snippets about which company is the biggest. 'Ta firma dominuje na rynku' (This company dominates the market). By using 'dominować', you are starting to move away from very basic verbs and using more specific, 'grown-up' vocabulary. It helps you describe the world not just as a collection of objects, but as a system of relationships where some things are more important than others.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'dominować' in a variety of contexts, including work, social issues, and abstract descriptions. You understand that it's not just about physical strength but also about influence and frequency. You can use it to talk about trends: 'Obecnie na rynku pracy dominują zawody techniczne' (Currently, technical professions dominate the job market). You can also use it to describe people's personalities in a more nuanced way: 'Ona ma dominujący charakter, ale jest miła' (She has a dominant character, but she is nice). At this level, you should be careful with the preposition 'nad' and the instrumental case. It's a common test point. You should also be able to use the past tense: 'W przeszłości w tym regionie dominowało rolnictwo' (In the past, agriculture dominated in this region). Notice how the verb ends in '-owało' because 'rolnictwo' is neuter. This level is about precision. Instead of saying 'There are many problems', you can say 'W naszym biurze dominuje problem braku komunikacji' (The problem of lack of communication dominates in our office). This makes your Polish sound much more professional. You should also start recognizing the word in media and literature. It's a key word for discussing social hierarchies and power structures. You might also use it in the context of health or psychology, like 'Smutek zaczął dominować w jego życiu' (Sadness began to dominate in his life). It's a versatile tool for expressing the 'flavor' or 'tone' of a situation.

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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you are expected to use 'dominować' with full grammatical accuracy and in sophisticated contexts. You should understand the subtle difference between 'dominować' and its synonyms like 'przeważać' or 'panować'. You know that 'dominować' often implies a structural or competitive advantage. You should be able to use it in academic or professional discussions: 'W strukturze eksportu dominują produkty przetworzone' (Processed products dominate the export structure). You are also expected to handle the perfective form 'zdominować' correctly in the past and future tenses. For example, 'Nowa technologia całkowicie zdominowała rynek w ciągu roku' (New technology completely dominated the market within a year). You can use the word to discuss complex social dynamics, such as 'szklany sufit' (glass ceiling) or 'dominacja kulturowa' (cultural dominance). Your use of the instrumental case after 'nad' should be automatic: 'dominować nad konkurencją', 'dominować nad emocjami'. You should also be able to use the adjective 'dominujący' in various cases: 'z powodu dominującego wpływu mediów' (because of the dominant influence of the media). At B2, you use 'dominować' to analyze situations, not just describe them. It's a word for debaters, analysts, and leaders. You can also use it in more poetic or literary ways, describing how a certain mood 'dominuje' a piece of music or a novel. This level is about mastering the 'feel' of the word—knowing that it sounds authoritative and analytical.

At the C1 level, your use of 'dominować' is effortless, and you can use it to express very subtle nuances. You might use it in the context of 'hegemony' or 'discourse analysis'. You understand that 'dominować' can be used ironically or to critique power structures. You are also aware of more obscure collocations and idiomatic uses. For instance, you might discuss 'dominujący paradygmat' (the dominant paradigm) in science or philosophy. You can switch between active and passive forms perfectly: 'Zostać zdominowanym przez okoliczności' (To be dominated by circumstances). At this level, you are also sensitive to the register. You know that while 'dominować' is standard, in a very formal legal or historical text, you might see 'dzierżyć prymat' (to hold primacy) as a more elevated alternative. You can use 'dominować' to describe complex psychological states, like 'dominujące poczucie winy' (a dominant sense of guilt). You also use it to describe statistical data with high precision, perhaps in a business report: 'Mimo że sektor usług rośnie, przemysł ciężki nadal dominuje w tym województwie'. You are also capable of using the word in its reflexive-like contexts or with complex modifiers: 'niepodzielnie dominować' (to dominate UN-dividedly/absolutely). Your vocabulary is so broad that you choose 'dominować' specifically because it conveys the exact level of influence you want to describe, avoiding simpler words like 'być' or 'mieć'.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of 'dominować'. You can use it in highly specialized fields like biology (dominant alleles), music theory (dominant chords), or political philosophy. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its place in the Polish language compared to other Slavic and Latin-based languages. You can write long, complex essays where 'dominować' is used to weave together themes of power, aesthetics, and statistics. You can use it in rhetorical devices, such as 'dominacja ducha nad materią' (the dominance of spirit over matter). You are also aware of how the word has been used in famous Polish literature or speeches to describe the national character or historical struggles. Your pronunciation and intonation when using the word are perfect, conveying the right amount of emphasis. You can use the word in very abstract, almost metaphorical ways: 'W ciszy, która zapadła, dominowało niewypowiedziane pytanie' (In the silence that fell, an unspoken question dominated). You are also a master of the word's family, easily using 'zdominowanie', 'dominanta', 'dominium', and 'dominator' in the correct contexts. For you, 'dominować' is just one instrument in a vast orchestra of words, and you know exactly when its specific 'tone' is required to achieve the desired effect on your audience. You can critique others' use of the word, noting if it sounds too 'anglicized' or if a synonym like 'przodować' would have been more precise in a given context.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

dominować 30秒了解

Dominować means to have a commanding influence or be the most prominent element in a given context, whether social, physical, or abstract.
Grammatically, it is an imperfective verb that frequently pairs with the preposition 'nad' followed by the instrumental case (e.g., dominować nad kimś).
It is widely used across various domains including sports (team control), art (color prominence), and business (market leadership).
Learners should distinguish it from 'panować' (to rule) and 'przeważać' (to be more numerous), as 'dominować' implies a specific kind of influence.

The Polish verb dominować is a high-frequency loanword from Latin (dominari), and it functions very similarly to the English verb 'to dominate'. At its core, it describes a situation where one entity, person, or element holds a commanding influence, superior position, or greater visibility than others in a given context. In Polish, this word is versatile, appearing in discussions ranging from professional sports and political science to interior design and biology. When you use dominować, you are highlighting a lack of balance—one side is clearly stronger, more frequent, or more important. Unlike some other Polish verbs that imply total control or physical force, dominować often suggests a natural or structural superiority. For instance, in a landscape, a tall skyscraper might dominate the skyline; in a conversation, one person's loud voice might dominate the room. Understanding this word requires recognizing that it is an imperfective verb, meaning it describes a state or a process that is ongoing. If you want to talk about a completed act of taking control, you would use the perfective form, zdominować.

Social Context: In social settings, the word often carries a slightly negative connotation if it refers to a person who doesn't let others speak. If someone says, 'Marek dominuje w każdej dyskusji,' they are likely expressing frustration that Marek doesn't allow for a democratic exchange of ideas.

W tym sezonie nasza drużyna zaczęła wyraźnie dominować nad rywalami.

Beyond social interactions, the word is indispensable in academic and scientific Polish. In genetics, you might talk about 'geny dominujące' (dominant genes). In statistics, you might observe that certain trends 'dominują' in the data. The versatility of the word is one of its greatest strengths for a B2 learner. It allows you to move from simple descriptions of 'who is winning' to complex analyses of 'what factors are most influential'. When using it, remember that it typically requires the preposition nad followed by the instrumental case when you want to specify who or what is being dominated. This grammatical structure is crucial for sounding natural. For example, 'dominować nad rynkiem' (to dominate over the market). If you omit the 'nad', the sentence often feels incomplete or incorrect in standard Polish usage.

Aesthetic Context: In art and fashion, we use this verb to describe colors or motifs. 'W jej obrazach dominuje błękit' means that blue is the most prominent color. This usage is neutral and descriptive, lacking the power-struggle nuances of political or social dominance.

To truly master dominować, you must also look at its surroundings. It often appears with adverbs like 'wyraźnie' (clearly), 'całkowicie' (completely), or 'tradycyjnie' (traditionally). These pairings help specify the degree and nature of the dominance. For instance, 'tradycyjnie dominować' suggests a historical pattern of influence, while 'wyraźnie dominować' points to an obvious, undeniable gap in power or presence. As you advance in Polish, you will notice this verb in news headlines regarding geopolitics, where large nations 'dominują' smaller ones, or in economic reports discussing how tech giants 'dominują' the digital landscape. It is a word of scale, power, and visibility.

Często zdarza się, że silne emocje zaczynają dominować nad logicznym myśleniem.

Psychological Context: In psychology, dominować describes personality traits. A 'dominujący charakter' (dominant character) refers to someone who naturally takes the lead, sometimes to the point of being overbearing. It describes the internal drive to be at the top of a hierarchy.

Using dominować correctly involves more than just knowing its meaning; it requires a grasp of Polish syntax, specifically the use of prepositions and cases. The most common construction is dominować nad + Instrumental case. This is used when you are comparing two entities where one has power over the other. For example, 'On dominuje nad bratem' (He dominates over his brother). Note that 'bratem' is in the instrumental case. If you are describing a situation where something is simply the most prominent within a group or area, you use w + Locative case. For example, 'W tej okolicy dominują niskie budynki' (Low buildings dominate/are most common in this area). Here, 'okolicy' is in the locative case. This distinction is vital for clarity.

The Instrumental Rule: Whenever you use the preposition 'nad' to indicate superiority, the following noun must be in the instrumental case (ending in -em, -ą, -ami). Example: 'dominować nad światem' (to dominate the world).

W nowoczesnej architekturze często dominują szkło i beton.

Another important aspect is the aspectual pair. Dominować is imperfective, used for continuous states. If you want to say someone 'won' or 'took over' in a single event, you use zdominować. For instance, 'On zdominował wczorajszy mecz' (He dominated yesterday's match). As a B2 learner, you should practice switching between these two. In professional contexts, dominować is often used to describe market share. 'Firma X dominuje na rynku europejskim' (Company X dominates the European market). Notice that here we use 'na + Locative' (na rynku) because we are talking about a location/space of dominance rather than a direct opponent. This subtle shift in prepositions changes the nuance from 'beating an opponent' to 'being the leader in a field'.

Passive vs. Active: While we usually use the active voice, you might encounter 'być zdominowanym przez...' (to be dominated by...). This requires the instrumental case for the agent. Example: 'Rynek jest zdominowany przez wielkie korporacje.'

When talking about statistics or trends, you might say 'W tej grupie wiekowej dominują kobiety' (Women dominate/are the majority in this age group). This is a very common way to express demographic majorities in Polish. It sounds much more natural than saying 'Jest więcej kobiet'. In academic writing, you will see it used with abstract concepts: 'W debacie dominowały argumenty ekonomiczne' (Economic arguments dominated the debate). Here, the verb agrees with the plural subject 'argumenty'. Mastering the plural conjugation (dominują) is just as important as the singular, as you will often be talking about groups of things that are dominant.

Nie pozwól, aby strach zaczął dominować w twoim życiu.

Agreement Check: Ensure your verb ending matches the subject. 'On dominuje' (singular), 'Oni dominują' (plural), 'Ona dominowała' (past feminine). This is a standard -ować verb, so it follows the pattern of 'pracować' or 'studiować'.

If you turn on a Polish news channel like TVN24 or Polsat News, you are almost guaranteed to hear the word dominować within the first hour. It is a staple of political commentary. Pundits use it to describe which political party has the upper hand in parliament or which narrative is currently 'dominujący' (dominant) in the public discourse. For example, 'W mediach społecznościowych dominuje temat inflacji' (The topic of inflation dominates social media). In this context, it describes the saturation of a specific topic. You will also hear it in weather forecasts, though less frequently, to describe a 'dominujący układ wysokiego ciśnienia' (a dominant high-pressure system).

Sports Broadcasting: Commentators love this word. During a football match, if one team has 70% possession, the commentator will say, 'Polacy dominują na boisku' (The Poles are dominating on the field). It conveys a sense of total control over the flow of the game.

W dzisiejszej debacie dominowały kwestie związane z bezpieczeństwem energetycznym.

In the business world, during quarterly meetings or corporate presentations, dominować is used to discuss market share and competitive advantages. A CEO might say, 'Musimy dominować w sektorze technologii mobilnych' (We must dominate in the mobile technology sector). It sounds professional and ambitious. You'll also find it in job descriptions, where 'zdolność do dominowania' isn't usually listed, but a 'dominująca osobowość' (dominant personality) might be discussed in leadership assessments. In academic lectures, especially in sociology or biology, the word is used to describe hierarchies. 'Samce alfa dominują w stadzie' (Alpha males dominate in the herd) is a classic example from biology.

Art and Culture: In museum tours or art critiques, you'll hear: 'W tej epoce dominował barok'. This usage places the word in a chronological context, indicating the prevailing style of a time period.

In everyday life, you might hear it in more mundane contexts. If you're picking out paint for a room, a designer might say, 'Chcemy, żeby szarość dominowała, a dodatki były kolorowe' (We want gray to dominate, and the accessories to be colorful). Even in cooking, a chef might warn that 'czosnek nie powinien dominować nad smakiem ryby' (garlic should not dominate over the taste of the fish). This shows that the word isn't just for 'important' things; it's for anything where one element is stronger than the rest. Pay attention to how the preposition 'nad' is used in these examples to see the grammar in action.

Na polskim rynku e-commerce niezmiennie dominuje Allegro.

Urban Life: When walking through Warsaw, you might hear someone remark how the Palace of Culture and Science 'dominuje nad centrum miasta' (dominates over the city center). It's a physical, visual description of size and presence.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with dominować is using the wrong case after the preposition 'nad'. In English, we 'dominate something' (direct object), but in Polish, you 'dominate over something' (prepositional phrase). Many learners try to use the Accusative case, saying 'dominować nad świat' (incorrect). The correct form is dominować nad światem (Instrumental). Always remember: nad = instrumental in this context. Another common error is confusing the imperfective dominować with the perfective zdominować. If you say 'On dominuje mecz', it sounds like he is currently doing it or does it habitually. If you want to say he won the match through dominance, you must use 'zdominował'.

Case Confusion: Mistake: 'Dominować nad rywali' (Accusative). Correct: 'Dominować nad rywalami' (Instrumental). The -ami ending is your best friend for plural instrumental.

Błędem jest mówienie: 'On chce dominować go'. Poprawnie: 'On chce nad nim dominować'.

Another mistake is using dominować when you actually mean 'to rule' (panować) or 'to control' (kontrolować). While they are related, dominować is more about being the most prominent or influential, whereas 'panować' implies official authority or sovereignty. If a king rules a country, use 'panować'. If a company has the most sales, use dominować. Additionally, learners sometimes forget to conjugate the -ować ending correctly. It's 'dominuję' (I dominate), not 'dominowam'. This is a basic error but one that persists if not corrected early. Also, be careful with the adjective 'dominujący'. It must agree in gender, case, and number with the noun it describes: 'dominująca rola' (feminine), 'dominujący wpływ' (masculine).

False Friends and Nuance: Don't confuse 'dominować' with 'domniemywać' (to presume). They sound slightly similar to a beginner but have completely different meanings. Also, avoid using 'dominować' for physical height unless you mean the building 'towers over' something (dominować nad budynkami).

Finally, English speakers often use 'dominate' as a transitive verb without a preposition. In Polish, saying 'On dominuje rynek' is becoming more common due to English influence (anglicism), but purists and formal exams will require 'On dominuje na rynku' or 'On dominuje nad rynkiem'. To be safe and sound more educated, always use the preposition. Another subtle mistake is using dominować for 'to win'. You can dominate a game and still lose (though it's rare), so don't use it as a direct synonym for 'wygrywać'. It describes the *way* the game was played, not the final result.

Częsty błąd to używanie biernika: 'On dominuje grupę' zamiast 'On dominuje w grupie'.

Spelling Note: Ensure you don't double the 'm' or 'n'. It is 'dominować', following the Latin root closely. Polish spelling is phonetic, so once you hear it, you can usually spell it correctly.

Polish is a rich language with many synonyms that can replace dominować depending on the nuance you want to achieve. The most common alternative is przeważać. This word literally means 'to outweigh' and is used when one thing is more numerous or frequent than another. While dominować implies power, przeważać is more about quantity. For example, 'W tej klasie przeważają chłopcy' (Boys are in the majority in this class). Another close synonym is panować. This is a very powerful word meaning 'to rule' or 'to reign'. It is used for kings, but also for atmospheres: 'W pokoju panowała cisza' (Silence reigned/prevailed in the room). You wouldn't say 'cisza dominowała' as often as 'panowała'.

Comparison: Dominować vs. Górować: Dominować: General influence or presence.
Górować: To tower over or be superior in skill (e.g., 'Górował nad nimi inteligencją' - He was superior to them in intelligence).

Choć obie drużyny grały dobrze, jedna zaczęła przeważać w drugiej połowie.

If you want to sound more idiomatic, you could use the phrase rej wodzić. This is an old-fashioned but still understood expression meaning 'to lead the way' or 'to be the life of the party/leader of a group'. It's much more informal and colorful than dominować. Another technical alternative is prewalować, though this is very rare and mostly found in older academic texts. In modern Polish, dominować has largely replaced it. When talking about physical height, wyrastać (to grow out/above) can be used: 'Wieża wyrasta ponad inne budynki'. This is more literal than the metaphorical dominować.

Comparison: Dominować vs. Kontrolować: Dominować: To be the most visible or influential.
Kontrolować: To have direct power over actions and outcomes. You can dominate a market without controlling every single transaction.

In the context of emotions, brać górę (to take the upper hand) is a fantastic idiom. 'Emocje wzięły górę nad rozsądkiem' (Emotions took the upper hand over reason). This is a perfect alternative to saying 'Emocje dominowały'. It sounds very natural and sophisticated. Lastly, consider narzucać (to impose). If someone dominates a conversation by forcing their opinion, they are 'narzucają swoje zdanie'. This adds a layer of aggression or force that dominować alone might lack. Choosing the right word depends on whether you want to describe a state (dominować), a quantity (przeważać), a physical position (górować), or an action (narzucać).

W tej dyskusji panowała bardzo napięta atmosfera.

Register Differences: Dominować: Formal/Neutral.
Rządzić: Neutral/Informal (to rule/boss around).
Rozstawiać po kątach: Slang/Informal (to boss everyone around aggressively).

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'dominować' shares the same root as 'dom' (house) in many languages, because the 'dominus' was originally the master of the house (domus). In Polish, however, 'dom' is Slavic in origin, making the connection a beautiful linguistic coincidence where a Latin loanword meets a native Slavic term of similar conceptual origin.

发音指南

UK /dɔ.miˈnɔ.vat͡ɕ/

US /doʊ.miˈnoʊ.vɑːtʃ/

Penultimate (on the 'no' syllable: do-mi-NO-wać).

押韵词

pracować studiować kupować rysować budować planować szanować gotować

常见错误

Stressing the first syllable (DO-mi-no-wać) like in English.
Pronouncing the final 'ć' as a hard 't' or 'ts'.
Over-nasalizing the 'o' sounds.
Replacing 'i' with a schwa sound.
Failing to pronounce the 'w' clearly as a 'v' sound.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize because it is a cognate of 'dominate'.

写作 4/5

Requires knowledge of the -ować conjugation and the instrumental case.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation is regular, but the 'ć' can be tricky for beginners.

听力 2/5

Clear phonetic structure makes it easy to hear in speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

nad (over) w (in) być (to be) mieć (to have) siła (strength)

接下来学习

panować (to rule) przeważać (to prevail) kontrolować (to control) wpływać (to influence) zwyciężać (to win)

高级

hegemonia (hegemony) prymat (primacy) prewalencja (prevalence) zwierzchnictwo (suzerainty/superiority) dyktat (dictate)

需要掌握的语法

Verbs ending in -ować change 'ow' to 'uj' in the present tense.

dominować -> dominuję, dominujesz, dominuje...

The preposition 'nad' requires the Instrumental case when indicating position or metaphorical superiority.

Dominować nad miastem (Instrumental).

The preposition 'w' requires the Locative case when indicating a field or area.

Dominować w sporcie (Locative).

Imperfective verbs like 'dominować' describe ongoing states or habits.

On zawsze dominuje (He always dominates).

The past tense of -ować verbs follows the standard pattern for masculine, feminine, and neuter.

dominował (masc), dominowała (fem), dominowało (neut).

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按水平分级的例句

W tej grze on dominuje.

In this game, he dominates.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

Czerwony kolor dominuje na obrazku.

The red color dominates in the picture.

Simple subject-verb-location structure.

Czy ty zawsze musisz dominować?

Do you always have to dominate?

Infinitive form after 'musisz'.

Oni dominują w klasie.

They dominate in the class.

Present tense, 3rd person plural.

Słońce dominuje dzisiaj na niebie.

The sun dominates the sky today.

Metaphorical use for presence.

Ta wieża dominuje nad miastem.

This tower dominates over the city.

Introduction to 'nad' + Instrumental.

W moim ogrodzie dominują kwiaty.

Flowers dominate in my garden.

Plural verb 'dominują'.

On chce dominować w sporcie.

He wants to dominate in sports.

Infinitive with 'chce'.

Moja siostra dominuje nad młodszym bratem.

My sister dominates over her younger brother.

Instrumental case: 'bratem'.

W polskiej kuchni dominuje ziemniak.

In Polish cuisine, the potato dominates.

Singular verb with collective noun.

Nasza firma dominuje na lokalnym rynku.

Our company dominates the local market.

Preposition 'na' + Locative.

W tej okolicy dominują lasy.

Forests dominate in this area.

Plural subject and verb.

On nie lubi, gdy ktoś nad nim dominuje.

He doesn't like it when someone dominates over him.

Pronoun 'nim' in Instrumental case.

W zimie dominują krótkie dni.

In winter, short days dominate.

Descriptive use of dominance.

Ten budynek dominuje nad całą ulicą.

This building dominates over the whole street.

Instrumental case: 'ulicą'.

W radiu dominuje muzyka pop.

Pop music dominates on the radio.

Locative case: 'radiu'.

W dyskusji dominowały argumenty za nowym projektem.

Arguments for the new project dominated the discussion.

Past tense, plural, non-masculine personal.

Strach nie może dominować nad twoimi decyzjami.

Fear cannot dominate over your decisions.

Abstract usage with 'nad' + Instrumental.

W mediach społecznościowych dominują treści wideo.

Video content dominates on social media.

Modern digital context.

On ma tendencję do dominowania w grupie.

He has a tendency to dominate in a group.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive.

W architekturze tego miasta dominuje styl gotycki.

The Gothic style dominates in the architecture of this city.

Specific aesthetic context.

Ceny paliw dominują w dzisiejszych wiadomościach.

Fuel prices dominate today's news.

Plural subject-verb agreement.

Czy te emocje będą dominować przez cały film?

Will these emotions dominate throughout the whole movie?

Future tense with 'będą'.

W tej diecie dominują warzywa i owoce.

Vegetables and fruits dominate in this diet.

Describing proportions.

Współczesna kultura zdaje się dominować nad tradycją.

Modern culture seems to dominate over tradition.

Complex verb phrase 'zdaje się dominować'.

Firma ta od lat dominuje w sektorze technologicznym.

This company has been dominating the tech sector for years.

Present tense used for ongoing state starting in the past.

W jego twórczości dominuje motyw samotności.

The motif of loneliness dominates in his work.

Thematic dominance.

Nie pozwalaj, by praca dominowała nad życiem prywatnym.

Don't let work dominate over your private life.

Imperative with subjunction 'by'.

W statystykach wyraźnie dominują osoby z wyższym wykształceniem.

People with higher education clearly dominate the statistics.

Adverb 'wyraźnie' modifying the verb.

Czy uważasz, że sztuczna inteligencja zdominuje rynek pracy?

Do you think artificial intelligence will dominate the labor market?

Perfective future form 'zdominuje'.

W krajobrazie dominowały wysokie, ośnieżone szczyty.

High, snow-capped peaks dominated the landscape.

Past tense plural agreement.

W debacie publicznej dominuje język korzyści.

The language of benefits dominates public debate.

Abstract sociological term.

W dyskursie naukowym dominuje obecnie paradygmat konstruktywistyczny.

The constructivist paradigm currently dominates scientific discourse.

High-level academic terminology.

Mocarstwa te dążą do tego, by dominować nad całym regionem.

These powers strive to dominate the entire region.

Geopolitical context.

W jej psychice dominuje silna potrzeba niezależności.

A strong need for independence dominates her psyche.

Psychological depth.

Narracja ta zaczęła dominować w mediach głównego nurtu.

This narrative began to dominate in mainstream media.

Media studies context.

W strukturze demograficznej dominują osoby w wieku produkcyjnym.

People of working age dominate the demographic structure.

Formal statistical report style.

Nie można dopuścić, by jeden gatunek całkowicie zdominował ekosystem.

One cannot allow one species to completely dominate the ecosystem.

Ecological context with perfective 'zdominował'.

W dziele tym dominuje pesymistyczna wizja przyszłości.

A pessimistic vision of the future dominates this work.

Literary analysis.

W relacjach międzyludzkich nie powinna dominować chęć zysku.

The desire for profit should not dominate in interpersonal relationships.

Ethical/Philosophical context.

W tej epoce historycznej prymat zaczęły dominować idee oświeceniowe.

In this historical era, Enlightenment ideas began to dominate.

Historical analysis.

Dominacja kapitału nad pracą dominuje w analizach marksistowskich.

The dominance of capital over labor dominates in Marxist analyses.

Self-referential use of the root word.

W sonacie tej dominuje tonacja g-moll, nadając jej tragiczny rys.

The key of G minor dominates this sonata, giving it a tragic character.

Musicological terminology.

Egoizm wydaje się dominować nad altruizmem w sytuacjach skrajnych.

Egoism seems to dominate over altruism in extreme situations.

Philosophical anthropology.

W architekturze sakralnej tamtego okresu dominowała dbałość o detal.

In the sacred architecture of that period, attention to detail dominated.

Art history precision.

Czy hegemonia kulturowa Zachodu nadal będzie dominować na świecie?

Will the cultural hegemony of the West continue to dominate the world?

Political science inquiry.

W dyskusjach ontologicznych często dominuje spór o naturę bytu.

In ontological discussions, the dispute over the nature of being often dominates.

Metaphysical context.

W tym specyficznym mikroklimacie dominują rzadkie gatunki mchów.

Rare species of moss dominate in this specific microclimate.

Scientific precision.

近义词

przeważać panować górować rej wodzić przodować kontrolować władać wybijać się

反义词

podporządkowywać się ulegać służyć zniknąć

常见搭配

dominować nad rynkiem

dominować w dyskusji

dominować nad przeciwnikiem

dominujący kolor

dominująca rola

dominować nad otoczeniem

dominujące cechy

dominować w statystykach

dominować nad emocjami

dominująca pozycja

常用短语

dominować nad kimś psychicznie

— To have psychological superiority or control over someone. It often refers to toxic or very strong personality dynamics.

On próbuje dominować nad nią psychicznie.

wyraźnie dominować

— To be clearly and undeniably more prominent or stronger. Used when the gap between the leader and others is obvious.

W tym roku wyraźnie dominują sukienki w kwiaty.

dominować na boisku

— To control the play in a sports match. It means one team is playing much better than the other.

Real Madryt dominował na boisku przez cały mecz.

dominować w krajobrazie

— To be the most visible feature of a view. Usually refers to mountains, towers, or large buildings.

Góry dominują w tutejszym krajobrazie.

całkowicie dominować

— To have absolute or 100% control or presence. No other elements are significant.

Ten temat całkowicie dominuje w dzisiejszej prasie.

dominować nad rozsądkiem

— When feelings or impulses are stronger than logical thinking. Similar to 'taking over'.

Czasami pasja dominuje nad rozsądkiem.

tradycyjnie dominować

— To have been the most important or common for a long time due to custom or history.

W tym regionie tradycyjnie dominuje przemysł węglowy.

dominować liczebnie

— To be in the majority; to have more people or items than the other group.

Kobiety dominują liczebnie na tym uniwersytecie.

przestać dominować

— To lose the leading position or prominence. To stop being the most influential.

Stare technologie powoli przestają dominować.

zacząć dominować

— To start becoming the most important or common element. Indicates a shift in power or trend.

Nowe trendy zaczęły dominować na wybiegach.

容易混淆的词

dominować vs domniemywać

Sounds similar but means 'to presume' or 'to suppose'. Completely different meaning.

dominować vs domeldować

Sounds slightly similar but means 'to report additionally'. Rare word.

dominować vs nominować

Rhymes with dominować but means 'to nominate' for an award or position.

习语与表达

"brać górę nad czymś"

— To prevail or get the better of something. It is a very common idiomatic way to say 'dominować'.

Zmęczenie wzięło górę nad chęcią do nauki.

neutral

"rozstawiać kogoś po kątach"

— To boss someone around or dominate them in an aggressive, controlling way. Literally 'to put someone in corners'.

Nowy szef od razu zaczął rozstawiać wszystkich po kątach.

informal/colloquial

"mieć kogoś pod pantoflem"

— To dominate someone in a relationship (usually a husband by a wife). Literally 'to have someone under the slipper'.

Marek jest całkowicie pod pantoflem swojej żony.

informal

"trzymać kogoś twardą ręką"

— To rule or dominate someone with a 'firm hand' or strict discipline.

Ojciec trzymał synów twardą ręką.

neutral/informal

"grać pierwsze skrzypce"

— To be the most important person in a group; to dominate the proceedings. Literally 'to play first violin'.

W tym projekcie to Anna gra pierwsze skrzypce.

neutral

"mieć decydujący głos"

— To have the final say or the most influence in a decision-making process.

Dyrektor zawsze ma decydujący głos.

formal/neutral

"narzucać swoją wolę"

— To impose one's will on others. A more forceful way of expressing dominance.

Nie możesz wiecznie narzucać nam swojej woli.

neutral

"być panem sytuacji"

— To be the master of the situation; to have total control/dominance over what is happening.

Mimo chaosu, on nadal był panem sytuacji.

neutral

"wieść prym"

— To lead or be the best/most dominant in a certain area. Often used for trends or social groups.

W tej dziedzinie polscy naukowcy wiodą prym.

formal/literary

"mieć przewagę"

— To have an advantage or upper hand. A simpler way to describe a dominant position.

Nasza drużyna ma znaczną przewagę nad rywalem.

neutral

容易混淆

dominować vs panować

Both mean to have power.

'Panować' is more about official rule or a static atmosphere, while 'dominować' is about influence or being the most prominent.

Król panuje, ale to banki dominują w gospodarce.

dominować vs przeważać

Both describe being 'more' than others.

'Przeważać' is strictly about quantity or weight; 'dominować' adds a layer of influence or active power.

W tej zupie przeważa woda, ale dominuje smak soli.

dominować vs kontrolować

Dominance often leads to control.

'Kontrolować' means having the ability to direct or check something; 'dominować' just means being the strongest/most visible.

On dominuje w grupie, ale nie kontroluje każdego ich ruchu.

dominować vs górować

Both imply being 'above'.

'Górować' is often used for physical height or being objectively better in a specific skill.

Wieżowiec góruje nad miastem, ale to zgiełk dominuje na ulicach.

dominować vs rządzić

Common synonyms for power.

'Rządzić' is more informal or refers specifically to government/management.

Szef rządzi w biurze, ale to jego asystentka dominuje w relacjach z klientami.

句型

[Subject] dominuje.

On dominuje.

[Subject] dominuje nad [Noun-Instrumental].

Pies dominuje nad kotem.

W [Noun-Locative] dominuje [Subject].

W kuchni dominuje zapach kawy.

[Subject] zaczyna dominować nad [Noun-Instrumental].

Technologia zaczyna dominować nad człowiekiem.

Nie wolno pozwolić, by [Subject] dominował.

Nie wolno pozwolić, by strach dominował.

[Subject] niepodzielnie dominuje na [Noun-Locative].

Firma niepodzielnie dominuje na rynku.

W strukturze [Noun-Genitive] dominuje [Noun-Nominative].

W strukturze wydatków dominuje czynsz.

[Abstract Noun] zdaje się dominować nad [Abstract Noun-Instrumental].

Determinizm zdaje się dominować nad wolną wolą.

词族

名词

dominacja (dominance)

dominanta (dominant feature/note)

dominator (someone who dominates)

zdominowanie (the act of being dominated)

dominium (territory/domain)

动词

zdominować (perfective: to dominate once/completely)

podominować (to dominate for a while)

形容词

dominujący (dominant/prevailing)

zdominowany (dominated)

如何使用

frequency

Common in media, business, and academic Polish; moderately common in daily speech.

常见错误

On dominuje jego brata. → On dominuje nad swoim bratem.
You cannot use the Accusative case directly after 'dominować' for people. You must use 'nad' + Instrumental.
Dominować nad świat. → Dominować nad światem.
The preposition 'nad' requires the Instrumental case, not the Accusative.
W tym pokoju dominują czerwony. → W tym pokoju dominuje czerwony (singular) OR dominuje kolor czerwony.
The verb must agree in number with the subject. 'Czerwony' is singular, so the verb should be 'dominuje'.
On dominował wczorajszy mecz. → On zdominował wczorajszy mecz.
For a completed action in the past, the perfective 'zdominować' is much more natural.
Ja dominowam w grupie. → Ja dominuję w grupie.
Verbs ending in -ować conjugate as -uję, -ujesz, -uje in the present tense.

小贴士

Master the Instrumental

Since 'dominować' often goes with 'nad', take this opportunity to review your instrumental case endings. Remember: -em for masculine/neuter singular, -ą for feminine singular, and -ami for all plurals.

Use with Adverbs

To sound more like a native, pair 'dominować' with adverbs like 'wyraźnie' (clearly), 'całkowicie' (completely), or 'tradycyjnie' (traditionally). This adds precision to your speech.

Cognate Advantage

Use the fact that this is a cognate to your advantage. It's an easy word to reach for when you want to describe power or prominence, helping you avoid repetitive use of 'być' or 'mieć'.

Business Context

In a professional setting, use 'dominować' to discuss market share or competitive advantages. It sounds authoritative and shows a high level of Polish proficiency.

History Discussions

When discussing Polish history, 'dominować' is a useful word to describe the influence of various powers or ideologies over the centuries.

Describing Art

When talking about art or design, use 'dominować' to point out the most striking element. 'W tym projekcie dominuje prostota' (Simplicity dominates in this project).

The 'uj' Sound

Make sure to pronounce the 'uj' in 'dominują' clearly. It's a hallmark of the -ować verb group and sounds very different from the infinitive.

Academic Tone

If you are writing an essay, 'dominować' is a great word to use in your thesis statement to describe the main theme or factor you are analyzing.

News Keywords

Keep an ear out for this word during news segments about the economy or politics. It usually precedes the main point of the report.

Visual Cues

Think of the tallest skyscraper in your city. Tell yourself: 'Ten budynek dominuje'. Every time you see it, you'll reinforce the word.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Domino' effect. One piece falls and 'dominates' the rest of the line, just like 'dominować' means to have influence over others.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant 'D' standing over a group of small letters. The 'D' is 'dominujący'.

Word Web

Władza (Power) Kontrola (Control) Przewaga (Advantage) Rynek (Market) Nad (Over) Wpływ (Influence) Lider (Leader) Cechy (Features)

挑战

Try to use 'dominować' in three different ways today: once for a color, once for a person, and once for a news topic.

词源

The word comes directly from the Latin 'dominari', which means 'to be lord and master' or 'to rule'. This in turn comes from 'dominus', meaning 'master' or 'lord of the house'.

原始含义： To act as a master or lord over others.

Indo-European (Latin root via French/International influence into Polish).

文化背景

Be careful when using it to describe people in personal relationships, as it can imply a lack of equality or even abusiveness if used negatively.

The word is a cognate, so English speakers find it very intuitive, but they must be careful not to use it as a direct translation for 'rule' in a political sense (where 'rządzić' is better).

The phrase 'dominacja ducha nad materią' is a common philosophical trope in Polish intellectual history. Sports headlines like 'Lewandowski dominuje w Bundeslidze' were very common. Discussions about 'dominująca rola Kościoła' in Polish history books.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Sports

całkowita dominacja
dominować na boisku
zdominować rywala
dominujący styl gry

Business

dominować na rynku
dominująca pozycja rynkowa
dominacja technologiczna
dominować w sektorze

Art & Design

dominujący kolor
dominujący motyw
dominować w kompozycji
styl dominujący w epoce

Social/Psychology

dominujący charakter
dominować w relacji
potrzeba dominacji
dominować nad innymi

Statistics/Science

dominujący trend
dominująca grupa
dominować w danych
geny dominujące

对话开场白

"Czy uważasz, że jedna firma powinna dominować na całym rynku?"

"Jaki kolor dominuje w twoim mieszkaniu i dlaczego go wybrałeś?"

"Czy w twojej pracy dominuje atmosfera współpracy czy rywalizacji?"

"Która drużyna sportowa dominuje obecnie w twoim kraju?"

"Czy wierzysz, że emocje często dominują nad logiką w ważnych decyzjach?"

日记主题

Opisz sytuację, w której musiałeś dominować nad swoimi słabościami, aby osiągnąć cel.

Zastanów się, jakie trendy dominują obecnie w społeczeństwie i jak na ciebie wpływają.

Napisz o swoim ulubionym dziele sztuki i opisz, jakie elementy w nim dominują.

Czy w twoim życiu dominuje praca, czy czas wolny? Jak chciałbyś to zmienić?

Opisz osobę z twojego otoczenia, która ma dominujący charakter. Jak się przy niej czujesz?

常见问题

10 个问题

Not always. While 'dominować nad kimś/czymś' (Instrumental) is the most common way to show comparison, you can use it with 'w' (in) for a field, or even alone as an intransitive verb. For example, 'Ten kolor dominuje' (This color is dominant).

The perfective form is 'zdominować'. You use it when the act of dominating is completed or describes a specific result. For example, 'On zdominował rynek' means he successfully took it over, whereas 'On dominuje' means he is currently in a leading position.

Yes, but be careful. It can imply a strong personality or leadership, but in personal relationships, it might sound like someone is being too controlling. In sports, however, it is a very positive way to describe a player's performance.

In formal Polish, 'dominować na rynku' or 'dominować nad rynkiem' is preferred. 'Dominować rynek' is an anglicism (a direct translation from English) and is becoming more common in business jargon, but it's better to use the prepositional forms.

It follows the standard -ować pattern: ja dominowałem/dominowałam, ty dominowałeś/dominowałaś, on dominował, ona dominowała, ono dominowało, my dominowaliśmy/dominowałyśmy, wy dominowaliście/dominowałyście, oni dominowali, one dominowały.

No. 'Wygrywać' means 'to win'. You can dominate a game (have more possession, more shots) but still lose the final score. 'Dominować' describes the process and the state of being stronger, not necessarily the final victory.

The Instrumental case (Narzędnik). This is one of the most important rules to remember when using this verb. For example: 'nad bratem', 'nad miastem', 'nad rynkiem'.

Absolutely. It's very common to say a building dominates a landscape, a color dominates a room, or a specific ingredient dominates the flavor of a dish.

The primary noun is 'dominacja' (dominance). You might also use 'zdominowanie' to describe the state of being dominated.

Yes, 'dominujący' (dominant) is very common. You'll hear about 'dominujący trend', 'dominująca rola', or 'dominujące cechy' in many different contexts.

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