A2 Basic Verbs 1 min read 中等

Verbs of Giving with Dative

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

When you give something to someone, the person receiving it must be in the Dative case.

  • Use Dative for the recipient: 'Dam darilo mami' (I give a gift to mom).
  • Dative endings for singular nouns: -u (masculine/neuter), -i (feminine).
  • Dative pronouns are shorter: 'mi' (to me), 'ti' (to you).
Subject + Verb + Object (Accusative) + Recipient (Dative)

Dative Case Endings (Singular)

Gender Nominative Dative Example
Masculine
brat
bratu
Dam bratu.
Neuter
mesto
mestu
Pripadam mestu.
Feminine
mama
mami
Pišem mami.
Feminine
sestra
sestri
Povem sestri.

Dative Pronouns (Short Forms)

Person Pronoun
I
mi
You
ti
He/It
mu
She
ji
We
nam
You (plural)
vam
They
jim

Meanings

The Dative case is used to indicate the indirect object—the person or entity to whom an action is directed or for whom something is done.

1

Recipient of an action

Used with verbs like give, send, show, tell.

“Dam knjigo bratu.”

“Povem resnico prijateljici.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Verbs of Giving with Dative
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + Verb + Dative
Dam mami darilo.
Negative
Ne + Verb + Dative
Ne dam mami darila.
Question
Ali + Verb + Dative
Ali dam mami darilo?
Short Answer
Da/Ne + Dative
Da, dam ji.
Pronoun
Verb + Short Dative
Povem mu.
Complex
Verb + Dative + Accusative
Pošljem bratu pismo.

正式程度

正式
Izročam mu darilo.

Izročam mu darilo. (Giving a gift)

中性
Dam mu darilo.

Dam mu darilo. (Giving a gift)

非正式
Mu dam darilo.

Mu dam darilo. (Giving a gift)

俚语
Mu vržem darilo.

Mu vržem darilo. (Giving a gift)

The Giving Flow

Action

Recipient

  • bratu to brother
  • mami to mom

Object

  • darilo gift
  • knjigo book
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按水平分级的例句

1

Dam mami darilo.

I give mom a gift.

2

Pišem bratu.

I am writing to my brother.

3

Povem očetu.

I tell dad.

4

Dam sestri knjigo.

I give my sister a book.

1

Ne dam prijatelju nič.

I don't give my friend anything.

2

Ali pošlješ pismo babici?

Are you sending a letter to grandma?

3

Všeč mi je ta film.

I like this movie.

4

Pomagam učitelju.

I am helping the teacher.

1

Verjamem svojemu prijatelju.

I believe my friend.

2

Povedal sem resnico svoji sestri.

I told the truth to my sister.

3

Podaril sem ji rože.

I gave her flowers.

4

Zdi se mi prav.

It seems right to me.

1

Pripravljen sem pomagati vsakomur.

I am ready to help anyone.

2

To pismo je namenjeno mojemu bratu.

This letter is intended for my brother.

3

Nisem ji mogel povedati resnice.

I couldn't tell her the truth.

4

Svetoval sem mu, naj odide.

I advised him to leave.

1

Priznal je svojemu očetu vse napake.

He confessed all his mistakes to his father.

2

Ta zakon ne ustreza nikomur.

This law suits no one.

3

Zaupal sem ji svojo skrivnost.

I confided my secret to her.

4

Odpustil sem mu vse grehe.

I forgave him all his sins.

1

Pripisujejo mu velike zasluge za uspeh.

They attribute great merit to him for the success.

2

Ničesar ne dolgujem svojemu nekdanjemu partnerju.

I owe nothing to my former partner.

3

Podredil se je svojemu usodi.

He submitted to his fate.

4

Izročil je ključe svojemu nasledniku.

He handed the keys to his successor.

容易混淆

Verbs of Giving with Dative 对比 Accusative vs Dative

Learners mix up the object and the recipient.

Verbs of Giving with Dative 对比 Nominative vs Dative

Learners use the dictionary form for the recipient.

Verbs of Giving with Dative 对比 Short vs Long Pronouns

Learners use long forms where short are needed.

常见错误

✗

Dam darilo brat.

✓

Dam darilo bratu.

Used Nominative instead of Dative.
✗

Dam darilo mama.

✓

Dam darilo mami.

Used Nominative instead of Dative.
✗

Povem brat.

✓

Povem bratu.

Missing Dative ending.
✗

Pišem sestra.

✓

Pišem sestri.

Missing Dative ending.
✗

Ne dam bratu darilo.

✓

Ne dam bratu darila.

Used Accusative for the object in a negative sentence.
✗

Ali dam bratu darilo?

✓

Ali dam bratu darilo?

Correct, but check word order.
✗

Všeč jaz je.

✓

Všeč mi je.

Used Nominative pronoun instead of Dative.
✗

Pomagam brat.

✓

Pomagam bratu.

Pomagati requires Dative.
✗

Verjamem on.

✓

Verjamem mu.

Verjeti requires Dative.
✗

Povedal sem to on.

✓

Povedal sem to njemu.

Need Dative pronoun.
✗

Zdi se jaz prav.

✓

Zdi se mi prav.

Dative pronoun required.
✗

Pripisujejo to on.

✓

Pripisujejo to njemu.

Dative pronoun required.
✗

Odpustil sem on.

✓

Odpustil sem mu.

Dative pronoun required.

句型

Dam ___ darilo.

Pišem ___ pismo.

Pomagam ___ pri delu.

Povem ___ resnico.

Real World Usage

Texting very common

Pišem ti.

Ordering food common

Povem natakarju.

Job interviews occasional

Pojasnil sem mu.

Travel common

Vprašam ga.

Social media common

Všeč mi je.

Food delivery occasional

Povem dostavljalcu.

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💡

Focus on the ending

Always check if the noun is masculine or feminine to get the ending right.
⚠️

Don't use prepositions

You don't need 'do' or 'za' for giving. The case does it.
🎯

Use short pronouns

Short pronouns like 'mi' and 'ti' are much more common in speech.
💬

Politeness

Use 'vam' for formal address in the Dative case.

Smart Tips

Check the gender of the person and add the Dative ending.

Dam darilo brat. → Dam darilo bratu.

Always use Dative for the person you are helping.

Pomagam brat. → Pomagam bratu.

Always use the short Dative pronoun (mi, ti, mu, etc.).

Všeč jaz je. → Všeč mi je.

Use the Dative case for the recipient.

Pišem mama. → Pišem mami.

发音

bratu /bra-tu/

Dative endings

The -u and -i endings are short and unstressed.

Statement

Dam bratu darilo ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the Dative as the 'Give-ative' case.

视觉联想

Imagine a person holding out their hands to receive something. The person's hands are shaped like a 'U' for masculine/neuter or an 'I' for feminine.

Rhyme

For the boy add a U, for the girl add an I, that's how you give, don't be shy!

Story

Imagine you are at a party. You walk up to your brother (bratu) and give him a gift. Then you walk up to your sister (sestri) and give her a gift. You are the giver, they are the receivers.

Word Web

bratumamisestriočetuprijateljumitimuji

挑战

Write 5 sentences today using the Dative case to describe things you give or tell people.

文化笔记

Slovenians value directness but use the Dative case to show respect when speaking to elders.

The Dative case comes from Proto-Slavic and has been preserved in Slovenian.

对话开场白

“

Kaj si dal mami za rojstni dan?

“

Komu pišeš?

“

Ali pomagaš prijateljem?

“

Kaj svetuješ svojemu bratu?

日记主题

Write about a gift you gave someone.
Describe how you help your family.
Write a letter to a friend.
Discuss a time you gave advice.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

Fill in the correct Dative form.

Dam darilo ___ (brat).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bratu
Masculine nouns take -u.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dam darilo mami.
Feminine nouns take -i.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Pišem sestra.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pišem sestri.
Feminine nouns take -i.
Change to Dative. Sentence Transformation

On (he) -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mu
Short Dative pronoun is mu.
Is this true? True False Rule

Dative is for the recipient.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Dative marks the indirect object.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Komu pišeš? B: Pišem ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mami
Recipient needs Dative.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

dam / mami / darilo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct.
Word order is flexible.
Match the pronoun. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mi
Jaz becomes mi in Dative.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct Dative form.

Dam darilo ___ (brat).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bratu
Masculine nouns take -u.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dam darilo mami.
Feminine nouns take -i.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Pišem sestra.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pišem sestri.
Feminine nouns take -i.
Change to Dative. Sentence Transformation

On (he) -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mu
Short Dative pronoun is mu.
Is this true? True False Rule

Dative is for the recipient.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Dative marks the indirect object.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Komu pišeš? B: Pišem ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mami
Recipient needs Dative.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

dam / mami / darilo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct.
Word order is flexible.
Match the pronoun. Match Pairs

Jaz -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mi
Jaz becomes mi in Dative.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

It's the case for the recipient of an action.

If you are giving, sending, or telling something to someone.

Some verbs always require Dative, like 'pomagati'.

No, the case ending replaces the preposition.

It will sound like you are giving the person to the object.

Yes, it is standard in all registers.

No, objects use Accusative.

Write sentences about giving items to family members.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

German high

Dativ

German uses articles (dem/der), Slovenian changes noun endings.

French partial

Complément d'objet indirect

French uses prepositions, Slovenian uses case endings.

Spanish partial

Objeto indirecto

Spanish uses prepositions and clitics, Slovenian uses case endings.

Japanese low

Ni particle

Japanese uses particles, Slovenian uses case endings.

Arabic low

Prepositions

Arabic uses prepositions, Slovenian uses case endings.

Chinese low

Prepositions

Chinese is analytic, Slovenian is synthetic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Dative Endings for Nouns

Related Grammar Rules

A0

Conjugation of 'Biti' (To Be) in Present
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