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A1 verb #2,500 الأكثر شيوعاً 6 دقيقة للقراءة

تعب

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح تعب في 30 ثانية
الشرح تعب in your Level:
At the A1 level, the focus is on basic communication regarding one's physical state. The word تعب (ta'iba) is introduced as a simple past tense verb meaning 'he got tired'. Beginners learn to conjugate it for the first person: تعبت (ta'ibtu - I got tired). This is crucial for expressing basic needs, such as needing to rest or stop an activity. At this stage, learners are taught to pair it with the preposition من (min - from) to explain the cause of their tiredness, e.g., تعبت من العمل (I got tired from work). The concept is kept concrete, relating to physical activities like walking, running, or working. Learners also encounter the common dialectal adjective تعبان (ta'ban), which is highly useful for daily interactions. The primary goal at A1 is to recognize the root letters ت-ع-ب and associate them with the feeling of fatigue, enabling the learner to communicate when they need a break or are feeling unwell.
At the A2 level, learners expand their use of تعب to include different tenses and subjects. They learn the present tense يتعب (yat'abu - he gets tired) and how to use it to describe habitual actions, e.g., هو يتعب بسرعة (He gets tired quickly). The distinction between the verb تعب (ta'iba) and the verbal noun تعب (ta'ab - tiredness) becomes clearer. Learners start using phrases like أشعر بالتعب (I feel tiredness) alongside the verb forms. The context broadens from simple physical exhaustion to include mental tasks, such as studying or reading. Negative forms are introduced more systematically: لم يتعب (he did not get tired) and لا يتعب (he does not get tired). At this stage, students can form more complex sentences linking cause and effect, such as 'Because I worked a lot, I got tired' (لأنني عملت كثيراً، تعبت). This enhances their ability to narrate simple daily routines and physical states.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B1 level, the nuances of the root ت-ع-ب are explored more deeply. Learners are introduced to derived forms, particularly Form IV أتعب (at'aba - to make someone tired / to tire out). This allows them to express transitive actions, e.g., العمل أتعبني (The work tired me out). The active and passive participles are also integrated: مُتْعِب (mut'ib - tiring) and مُتْعَب (mut'ab - tired). Students learn to distinguish between a tiring journey (رحلة متعبة) and a tired person (شخص متعب). The vocabulary expands to include synonyms like إرهاق (exhaustion) to express varying degrees of fatigue. At B1, learners can discuss tiredness in more abstract contexts, such as emotional fatigue or stress from modern life. They can participate in conversations about health, work-life balance, and managing stress, using تعب and its derivatives fluently to describe their experiences and opinions.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B2 level, learners use تعب with high precision and in a wide variety of contexts, including professional, academic, and emotional discussions. They are comfortable with idiomatic expressions and collocations involving the word, such as تعب الأعصاب (nervous exhaustion) or التعب النفسي (psychological fatigue). The ability to use all verb forms and verbal nouns seamlessly is expected. Learners can read and understand articles about burnout, occupational health, and psychology where words like إرهاق and إجهاد are used alongside تعب. They can articulate complex feelings, such as being tired of a situation rather than just physically tired (e.g., تعبت من هذه المشكلة - I am tired of this problem). At this stage, the cultural connotations of hard work and the resulting 'ta'ab' as a badge of honor or a sign of dedication are understood and can be discussed in essays or debates.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C1 level, the mastery of تعب involves understanding its literary and rhetorical uses. Learners encounter the word in modern literature, poetry, and political discourse. They can comprehend metaphors where inanimate objects or abstract concepts 'get tired', such as 'the economy is tired' (الاقتصاد تعب) or 'a tired heart' (قلب متعب). The vocabulary is highly sophisticated, utilizing classical synonyms like كلل (weariness) and عناء (hardship) effortlessly. C1 users can manipulate the root to create stylistic effects and understand subtle differences in register. They are aware of how different Arab dialects utilize the root uniquely and can switch between MSA and dialectal uses appropriately depending on the audience. Expressing existential weariness, societal fatigue, or poetic longing using derivatives of ت-ع-ب is a hallmark of this advanced level of proficiency.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, the user has a near-native grasp of the root ت-ع-ب. They can navigate classical Arabic texts, historical documents, and classical poetry where the word might appear in archaic or highly stylized forms. They understand the etymological depth of the word and its historical evolution. A C2 learner can engage in deep philosophical or psychological discussions about the human condition, using the concept of 'ta'ab' to explore themes of suffering, endurance, and resilience in Arab culture. They can effortlessly produce complex, elegant sentences using Form II (تعّب - to cause hardship) and Form V (تتعب - to take the trouble upon oneself), understanding the exact morphological weight of each form. At this ultimate level of fluency, the word is a tool for nuanced expression, perfectly integrated into a vast, sophisticated vocabulary.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

تعب في 30 ثانية

  • Core meaning: To become tired or exhausted (past tense, 'he' form).
  • Pronunciation: ta'iba (verb) vs. ta'ab (noun).
  • Usage: Often followed by the preposition من (min) meaning 'from'.
  • Dialect note: The adjective تعبان (ta'ban) is widely used for 'tired' or 'sick'.

The Arabic word تعب (ta'iba) is a fundamental verb in the Arabic language, primarily used to express the state of becoming tired, fatigued, or exhausted. It is a Form I verb derived from the triconsonantal root ت-ع-ب (t-'-b), which carries the core meaning of hardship, trouble, and loss of energy. Understanding this verb is essential for learners of Arabic, as expressing physical or mental state is a common daily necessity.

Root
ت-ع-ب (t-'-b)
Form
Form I (فَعِلَ - fa'ila)
Verbal Noun (Masdar)
تَعَب (ta'ab) - tiredness, fatigue

In its past tense, third-person masculine singular form, تعب means 'he got tired' or 'he became tired'. However, it is frequently conjugated to match the speaker, such as in 'تعبت' (ta'ibtu - I got tired). The concept of tiredness in Arabic extends beyond mere physical exhaustion; it can encompass mental fatigue, emotional drain, and even the weariness that comes from dealing with difficult situations or people.

هو تعب من العمل الطويل.

He got tired from the long work.

الطفل تعب ونام بسرعة.

The child got tired and slept quickly.

لقد تعب المريض من العلاج.

The patient became tired from the treatment.

العامل تعب بعد البناء.

The worker got tired after building.

هل تعب صديقك من السفر؟

Did your friend get tired from traveling?

The verb operates dynamically. When you want to say 'I am tired' in Arabic, you often use the past tense verb 'تعبت' (I became tired) to indicate a state that has been reached and is currently ongoing, or you use the active participle 'تعبان' (ta'ban) in dialects, or 'متعب' (mut'ab) in Modern Standard Arabic. This is a crucial conceptual difference for English speakers, who typically use the verb 'to be' + adjective. In Arabic, the action of becoming tired is emphasized.

Using تعب correctly involves mastering its conjugations and the prepositions it pairs with. As a Form I verb following the 'fa'ila' pattern, its present tense takes the 'yaf'alu' pattern: يَتْعَبُ (yat'abu - he gets tired). The command form (imperative) is اِتْعَبْ (it'ab), though it is rarely used in a literal sense unless encouraging someone to work hard (e.g., 'tire yourself out for success').

Preposition: من (min)
Used to indicate the source of tiredness. Example: تعب من الركض (He got tired from running).
Preposition: في (fi)
Used to indicate tiredness in a specific task or area. Example: تعب في دراسته (He got tired in his studies).
Adverbial use
Can be used with adverbs of degree: تعب كثيراً (He got very tired).

أبي تعب من القيادة.

الطالب تعب من المذاكرة.

اللاعب تعب في المباراة.

الجندي تعب من الحراسة.

هو لم يتعب أبداً.

In practical conversation, you will often hear the derived adjective تعبان (ta'ban), which means 'tired' or 'sick' depending on the dialect. For instance, in Egyptian and Levantine Arabic, 'أنا تعبان' can mean 'I am exhausted' or 'I am unwell'. To specify physical tiredness, one might say 'تعبان جسدياً'. If you want to say something is tiring (causing fatigue), you use the Form IV active participle مُتْعِب (mut'ib). For example, 'هذا العمل متعب' (This work is tiring). Notice the difference: متعب (mut'ib) means tiring, while متعب (mut'ab) means tired. The verb تعب itself remains the foundation for all these expressions.

The root ت-ع-ب and the verb تعب are ubiquitous across the Arab world, heard in everything from classical poetry and Quranic verses to modern news broadcasts and everyday street slang. Because human fatigue is a universal experience, the vocabulary surrounding it is rich and frequently utilized in all registers of the language.

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)
Used in news, literature, and formal speeches to describe physical or economic exhaustion.
Levantine Dialect
Pronounced with a slight emphasis on the 'a' sound. 'Ta'ban' is extremely common for both tired and sick.
Egyptian Dialect
Often used to express illness. 'Ana ta'ban' frequently means 'I am sick' rather than just sleepy.

الشعب تعب من الحروب.

قلبي تعب من الشوق.

الاقتصاد تعب هذا العام.

المحارب تعب وألقى سلاحه.

صوتي تعب من الصراخ.

You will hear this word in medical contexts when a doctor asks 'مما تتعب؟' (What is tiring you? / What are your symptoms?). You will hear it in sports commentary when a player slows down: 'اللاعب تعب'. You will hear it in political discourse when discussing a population's fatigue with certain policies. It is a highly versatile word that scales from the most mundane daily complaints about a long workday to profound existential weariness in literature and art.

Learners of Arabic frequently make a few predictable errors when using تعب. Most of these stem from direct translation from English or confusion between the different forms derived from the root ت-ع-ب. Because English uses 'to be' + adjective (I am tired), learners often try to construct a nominal sentence in Arabic when a verbal sentence is more natural, or they misuse the participles.

Verb vs. Noun
Confusing the verb تَعِبَ (ta'iba - he got tired) with the noun تَعَب (ta'ab - tiredness).
Tiring vs. Tired
Confusing مُتْعِب (mut'ib - tiring) with مُتْعَب (mut'ab - tired).
Preposition Errors
Using 'ب' (bi) instead of 'من' (min) to say what made them tired.

خطأ: هو تعب العمل. (He tired the work)

صواب: هو تعب من العمل. (He got tired from the work)

خطأ: أنا أشعر تعب. (I feel he got tired)

صواب: أنا أشعر بـالتعب. (I feel tiredness)

صواب: هذا يوم مُتْعِب، وأنا تعبت.

Another common mistake is mispronouncing the short vowels. The verb is 'ta'iba' (with a kasra under the 'ayn), while the noun is 'ta'ab' (with a fatha over the 'ayn). In unvoweled Arabic text, they look identical (تعب), so context is key. If it follows a subject pronoun and describes an action, it's the verb. If it follows a preposition like 'ب' (bi) or is the subject of the sentence, it's the noun. Mastering these distinctions will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy.

The Arabic language is incredibly rich in vocabulary related to fatigue, exhaustion, and hardship. While تعب is the most common and versatile word, there are several synonyms that offer different shades of meaning, ranging from mild weariness to complete physical collapse. Knowing these synonyms allows for more precise expression, especially in writing and formal speech.

إرهاق (Irhaq)
Extreme exhaustion or fatigue, often used in medical or formal contexts.
إجهاد (Ijhad)
Stress or strain, often referring to overworking a muscle or the mind.
عناء ('Anaa')
Hardship, suffering, or the trouble endured to achieve something.

هو تعب قليلاً اليوم.

يعاني من إرهاق شديد.

العمل الشاق يسبب الإجهاد.

وصلنا بعد عناء طويل.

لا يوجد نجاح بدون تعب.

In addition to these, words like كَلَل (kalal - weariness) and مَلَل (malal - boredom/tedium) are often paired together in the phrase 'بدون كلل أو ملل' (without weariness or boredom, i.e., tirelessly). Understanding the spectrum of fatigue in Arabic—from the simple 'تعب' to the severe 'إرهاق'—enriches your vocabulary and helps you navigate both colloquial conversations and formal texts with greater nuance and cultural understanding.

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Past tense conjugation for Form I verbs.

Intransitive verbs and their prepositions.

Derivation of the verbal noun (masdar).

Active vs. Passive participles (ism fa'il / ism maf'ul).

Negation of past tense using لم + jussive.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

هو تعب.

He got tired.

Past tense, 3rd person masculine singular.

2

أنا تعبت.

I got tired.

Past tense, 1st person singular.

3

الولد تعب.

The boy got tired.

Subject 'الولد' followed by the verb.

4

هي تعبت.

She got tired.

Past tense, 3rd person feminine singular (تعبتْ).

5

تعبت من المشي.

I got tired from walking.

Verb followed by preposition 'من'.

6

هل تعبت؟

Did you get tired?

Question using 'هل'.

7

الكلب تعب.

The dog got tired.

Simple nominal-verbal sentence.

8

تعبت كثيراً.

I got very tired.

Use of adverb 'كثيراً'.

1

هو يتعب بسرعة.

He gets tired quickly.

Present tense 'يتعب'.

2

أنا لا أتعب.

I do not get tired.

Negation of present tense with 'لا'.

3

تعبنا من العمل.

We got tired from work.

Past tense, 1st person plural 'تعبنا'.

4

لماذا تعبت؟

Why did you get tired?

Question word 'لماذا'.

5

القطة تعبت ونامت.

The cat got tired and slept.

Conjunction 'و' linking two verbs.

6

لم يتعب أبي.

My father did not get tired.

Negation of past meaning using 'لم' + jussive.

7

أشعر بالتعب.

I feel tired (tiredness).

Using the noun 'التعب' with the verb 'أشعر'.

8

الطلاب تعبوا.

The students got tired.

Past tense, 3rd person plural masculine 'تعبوا'.

1

هذا العمل متعب جداً.

This work is very tiring.

Use of active participle 'متعب' (tiring).

2

أنا متعب اليوم.

I am tired today.

Use of passive participle 'متعب' (tired).

3

السفر الطويل أتعبني.

The long travel tired me out.

Form IV verb 'أتعب' with object pronoun 'ني'.

4

تعبت من الانتظار.

I got tired of waiting.

Using 'تعب من' for abstract frustration.

5

يجب أن ترتاح إذا تعبت.

You must rest if you get tired.

Conditional sentence with 'إذا'.

6

رغم التعب، واصلنا.

Despite the tiredness, we continued.

Use of 'رغم' (despite) with the noun.

7

لا تتعب نفسك.

Do not tire yourself.

Negative imperative Form I with 'نفس'.

8

الرياضة تزيل التعب.

Sports remove tiredness.

Noun 'التعب' as a direct object.

1

يعاني من تعب نفسي.

He suffers from psychological fatigue.

Collocation 'تعب نفسي'.

2

أرهقني التعب المستمر.

Continuous fatigue exhausted me.

Using synonym 'أرهق' with 'التعب'.

3

تعبت من تكرار نفس الأخطاء.

I am tired of repeating the same mistakes.

Verb followed by a masdar (تكرار).

4

الجهد الذهني أكثر إتعاباً.

Mental effort is more tiring.

Elative form 'أكثر' with masdar 'إتعاباً'.

5

بذل جهداً حتى تعب.

He exerted effort until he got tired.

Use of 'حتى' (until) with the past verb.

6

ملامح التعب واضحة على وجهه.

Features of fatigue are clear on his face.

Idafa construction 'ملامح التعب'.

7

لا مفر من التعب لتحقيق النجاح.

There is no escape from fatigue to achieve success.

Advanced phrase 'لا مفر من'.

8

تعبت أعصابي من الضجيج.

My nerves got tired from the noise.

Metaphorical use with 'أعصاب' (nerves).

1

لقد أنهكه التعب المزمن.

Chronic fatigue has depleted him.

Advanced vocabulary 'أنهك' and 'مزمن'.

2

تعبت الشعوب من الوعود الزائفة.

Populations have grown tired of false promises.

Societal/political use of the verb.

3

إنها رحلة محفوفة بالتعب والمشقة.

It is a journey fraught with fatigue and hardship.

Literary collocation 'التعب والمشقة'.

4

لا يكل ولا يتعب في طلب العلم.

He neither wearies nor tires in the pursuit of knowledge.

Idiomatic pairing 'لا يكل ولا يتعب'.

5

تعبت الكلمات في وصف مأساتهم.

Words became tired in describing their tragedy.

Personification of words.

6

استسلم لتعب لذيذ بعد إنجاز المهمة.

He surrendered to a delicious fatigue after completing the task.

Oxymoron 'تعب لذيذ'.

7

التعب الفكري أشد وطأة من الجسدي.

Intellectual fatigue is more oppressive than physical.

Comparative structure 'أشد وطأة'.

8

تعبت من محاولة إصلاح ما لا يصلح.

I got tired of trying to fix what cannot be fixed.

Complex relative clause 'ما لا يصلح'.

1

وبات قلبي من طول النوى تعباً.

And my heart became tired from the length of separation.

Classical poetic structure, 'تعباً' as khabar baata.

2

يتجشمون عناء التعب لبلوغ المجد.

They endure the hardship of fatigue to reach glory.

Highly formal verb 'يتجشمون'.

3

أعياه التعب حتى خارت قواه.

Fatigue incapacitated him until his strength failed.

Classical vocabulary 'أعياه' and 'خارت قواه'.

4

في عينيه تعب السنين وغربة الأيام.

In his eyes is the fatigue of years and the alienation of days.

Poetic imagery and idafa.

5

تعبت خطاه على دروب المستحيل.

His footsteps grew tired on the paths of the impossible.

Personification of footsteps 'خطاه'.

6

ينوء بكلكل التعب دونما شكوى.

He bears the heavy burden of fatigue without complaint.

Archaic idiom 'ينوء بكلكل'.

7

تعب الروح لا يداويه طبيب.

The fatigue of the soul cannot be cured by a doctor.

Philosophical statement.

8

استحال تعبه إلى طاقة إبداعية خلاقة.

His fatigue transformed into creative, innovative energy.

Use of 'استحال' meaning transformed.

تلازمات شائعة

تعب من العمل
تعب شديد
تعب نفسي
تعب جسدي
أشعر بالتعب
بدون تعب
تعب الأعصاب
تعب السفر
تعب وإرهاق
راحة بعد تعب

العبارات الشائعة

أنا تعبت
يعطيك العافية (implied relief from ta'ab)
تعبت أعصابي
من غير تعب
تعبك راحة (Your tiredness is my comfort - polite reply)
لا تتعب نفسك
تعبت من الكلام
تعب الأيام
تعب السنين
تعب في الفاضي (Tired for nothing)

يُخلط عادةً مع

تعب vs لعب (la'iba - to play) due to visual similarity.

تعب vs صعب (sa'uba - to be difficult) due to rhyming.

تعب vs عتب ('ataba - to blame) due to anagram of root letters.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"لا يكل ولا يتعب"
"راح تعبه هباء"
"تعب في الماء (Wasted effort)"
"أكل التعب جسده"
"تعبت روحه"
"تعبت خطاه"
"تعب من الحياة"
"تعب الليل والنهار"
"تعب حتى الموت"
"تعب بلا طائل"

سهل الخلط

تعب vs

تعب vs

تعب vs

تعب vs

تعب vs

أنماط الجُمل

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

تَعَب (tiredness)
مَتْعَبَة (cause of fatigue)
أَتْعَاب (fees/efforts)

الصفات

تَعْبَان (tired - colloquial)
مُتْعَب (tired - formal)
مُتْعِب (tiring)
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

regional differences

In Egypt, 'ta'ban' heavily leans towards 'sick'. In the Levant, it means both 'sick' and 'tired'. In the Gulf, it is mostly 'tired'.

literal vs figurative

Literally used for physical fatigue. Figuratively used for emotional drain, patience running out, or even inanimate objects wearing down (e.g., a tired engine).

أخطاء شائعة
  • Translating 'I am tired' literally as 'أنا أكون تعب' instead of using the past verb 'تعبت' or the adjective 'تعبان'.
  • Pronouncing the verb as 'ta'aba' instead of 'ta'iba'.
  • Using the verb transitively (e.g., 'تعبني' to mean 'he tired me') instead of the correct Form IV 'أتعبني'.
  • Confusing 'مُتْعِب' (tiring) with 'مُتْعَب' (tired), completely changing the meaning of the sentence.
  • Forgetting to use the preposition 'من' when explaining what caused the tiredness.

نصائح

Master the Preposition

Always pair تعب with من (min) when stating the cause. Don't use ب (bi) or ل (li) for this purpose.

Vowel Matters

Pay close attention to the middle vowel. Ta'Iba is the verb (he got tired). Ta'Aba is wrong. Ta'Ab is the noun (tiredness).

Dialect Adjective

Learn the word تعبان (ta'ban). It is the most useful word for 'tired' in everyday spoken Arabic across almost all countries.

Expressing Sympathy

When an Arab friend says 'تعبت', always acknowledge it. Saying 'يعطيك العافية' shows you respect their hard work.

Mental vs Physical

You can use تعب for both. Add 'نفسياً' (nafsiyyan) for mental/psychological fatigue, and 'جسدياً' (jasadiyyan) for physical.

Form IV for Causative

If you want to say 'You are tiring me', use Form IV: أنت تتعبني (Anta tut'ibuni). Don't use the Form I verb for this.

Use Synonyms in Essays

If writing a formal text, elevate your language by using إرهاق (exhaustion) or إجهاد (strain) instead of repeating تعب.

Emphasize with Adverbs

To sound natural, add 'جداً' (jiddan - very) or 'كثيراً' (katheeran - a lot) after the verb: تعبت جداً.

Root Connection

Remember that the root ت-ع-ب is all about losing energy. Any word with these three letters in order relates to hardship or fatigue.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a person named TA'IBA who is always TIRED from working too hard.

أصل الكلمة

Proto-Semitic

السياق الثقافي

When someone says they are 'ta'ban', always reply with 'سلامتك' (Your safety/Get well soon).

'Ta'ab' is often associated with halal (lawful) earning; 'تعب حلال' means money earned through honest hard work.

A host will often say 'لا يوجد تعب' (There is no tiredness) to assure guests they are not a burden.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"هل تعبت من العمل اليوم؟ (Did you get tired from work today?)"

"لماذا تبدو متعباً؟ (Why do you look tired?)"

"ما الذي يتعبك في هذه المشكلة؟ (What is tiring you about this problem?)"

"كيف ترتاح بعد التعب؟ (How do you rest after fatigue?)"

"هل السفر يتعبك؟ (Does traveling tire you?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

اكتب عن يوم تعبت فيه كثيراً. (Write about a day you got very tired.)

ما هي الأشياء التي تتعبك نفسياً؟ (What things tire you psychologically?)

كيف تتغلب على التعب في العمل؟ (How do you overcome fatigue at work?)

صف شعورك بعد تعب طويل ونجاح. (Describe your feeling after long fatigue and success.)

هل التعب الجسدي أفضل أم التعب العقلي؟ ولماذا؟ (Is physical or mental fatigue better? Why?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

In Modern Standard Arabic, it strictly means tired or fatigued. However, in many spoken dialects (especially Egyptian and Levantine), the adjective form 'تعبان' (ta'ban) is commonly used to mean 'sick' or 'unwell'. Context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. If someone says they are 'ta'ban' and going to the doctor, they are sick.

In standard Arabic, you can say 'أنا متعب' (Ana mut'ab) or use the past verb 'تعبت' (Ta'ibtu - I got tired). In spoken dialects, the most common way is to say 'أنا تعبان' (Ana ta'ban) for a male, or 'أنا تعبانة' (Ana ta'bana) for a female.

The most common preposition is 'من' (min), meaning 'from'. For example, 'تعبت من العمل' (I got tired from work). You can also use 'في' (fi) to mean tired 'in' doing something, like 'تعبت في دراستي' (I got tired in my studies).

Yes, it is a regular, sound verb (فعل سالم). It does not contain any weak letters (alif, waw, yaa) in its root (ت-ع-ب). It follows the standard conjugation rules for Form I verbs of the pattern فَعِلَ (fa'ila).

To make it transitive, you shift it to Form IV: أَتْعَبَ (at'aba). For example, 'العمل أتعبني' (The work tired me out). You can also use Form II: تَعَّبَ (ta''aba), which is very common in spoken dialects.

The verbal noun (masdar) is تَعَب (ta'ab), which translates to 'tiredness' or 'fatigue'. It looks exactly like the past tense verb in unvoweled text, but is pronounced with a fatha on the 'ayn instead of a kasra.

Yes, metaphorically. You can say 'محرك تعبان' (a tired engine) in dialects to mean an engine that is worn out or old. In poetry, abstract concepts like 'the heart' or 'the soul' are frequently described as tired.

A polite and empathetic response is 'سلامتك' (Salamatuk - your safety/health) or 'الله يعطيك العافية' (Allah yu'teek al-'afiya - May God give you health/strength). If they got tired doing something for you, say 'تعبك راحة' (Ta'abak raha - your tiredness is comfort).

'تعب' (ta'ab) is general tiredness or fatigue, which can be mild or moderate. 'إرهاق' (irhaq) is severe exhaustion or burnout. If you are 'murhaq' (exhausted), you are much more tired than if you are just 'ta'ban'.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the most common and elegant way is to use 'لم' (lam) followed by the present jussive: 'لم يتعب' (lam yat'ab - he did not get tired). You can also use 'ما' (ma) with the past tense: 'ما تعب' (ma ta'iba).

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