A2 · أساسي فصل 10

Rules, Wishes, and Advice

4 القواعد الإجمالية
43 أمثلة
6 دقيقة

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing wishes, rules, and advice using German modal verbs.

  • Construct sentences using modal verbs without the particle 'zu'.
  • Express personal desires and plans using 'wollen'.
  • Navigate permissions and advice using 'dürfen' and 'sollen'.
Speak with purpose: express wishes, rules, and advice.

ما ستتعلمه

Hey, ready to unlock some super useful German? You already know the basics, and now we're going to take your speaking skills up a notch! In this chapter, 'Rules, Wishes, and Advice,' you'll dive into the world of German modal verbs. Specifically, you'll master how to use *wollen*, *dürfen*, and *sollen* like a native speaker. Ever wanted to say

I really want to visit the Brandenburg Gate!
or
Can I sit here?
or
You should definitely try this currywurst!
? This chapter is your key! We'll show you the magic trick of dropping 'zu' after these modal verbs and how they always send the main action verb to the very end of the sentence – it's a pattern you'll quickly get the hang of. You'll learn how *wollen* helps you express your firmest plans and desires, even noticing its cool little vowel change in the singular form. Then, *dürfen* will empower you to talk about permissions and what's allowed (or strictly *nicht dürfen*, what's forbidden!), which is super handy when you're navigating new places or asking for something politely. Finally, *sollen* will become your go-to for giving friendly advice, recommendations, or gently relaying instructions from others without sounding bossy. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to articulate your wishes, understand rules, and offer advice confidently, making your German conversations much more dynamic and natural!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use modal verbs to correctly place the infinitive verb at the end of a sentence.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Hey there, amazing A2 German learner! Ready to supercharge your conversational skills? You've already built a solid foundation, and now it's time to unlock some truly powerful ways to express yourself in German.
This chapter,
Rules, Wishes, and Advice,
is your key to doing just that. We're diving deep into some incredibly useful German grammar A2 topics, focusing on three essential modal verbs: wollen, dürfen, and sollen.
These verbs are absolute game-changers because they let you talk about what you *want* to do, what you *are allowed* to do, and what you *should* do. Imagine being able to confidently say,
I want to visit the Brandenburg Gate!
or politely ask,
May I sit here?
or even offer a friendly recommendation like,
You should definitely try this Currywurst!
By mastering these verbs, your German will sound much more natural and dynamic, moving you closer to fluent communication. Understanding these common structures is a crucial step in your German language learning journey, making everyday interactions smoother and more effective.
You'll quickly get the hang of how these modal verbs work their magic on sentence structure, sending the main action verb to the very end. This pattern is a fundamental aspect of German sentence structure that you'll encounter again and again. So, let's get started and make your German more expressive and precise!

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

At the heart of this chapter are three important modal verbs: wollen, dürfen, and sollen. Modal verbs in German are special because they always work with another verb, which expresses the main action. The coolest trick they perform is sending that main action verb (in its infinitive form) all the way to the end of the sentence.
Plus, there's a golden rule: you *never* use zu before the infinitive verb when a modal verb is present! This applies to all modal verbs, including können (to be able to), müssen (to have to), and mögen (to like), which you might have already encountered.
No 'zu' After Modal Verbs
This is a straightforward rule: when you use a modal verb, you simply drop zu before the second verb.
* ✗ Ich will zu essen. (I want to eat.)
* ✓ Ich will essen. (I want to eat.)
* ✗ Du sollst zu lernen. (You should learn.)
* ✓ Du sollst lernen. (You should learn.)
Wanting and Planning: The Verb 'wollen'
Wollen expresses a strong desire or a firm intention – what you *really* want to do. It's more direct than möchten (would like to). Pay attention to its singular conjugations, which have a vowel change:
* Ich will (I want)
* Du willst (You want)
* Er/Sie/Es will (He/She/It wants)
* Wir wollen (We want)
* Ihr wollt (You all want)
* Sie/sie wollen (They/You (formal) want)
* Example: Ich will nach Berlin fahren. (I want to drive to Berlin.)
* Example: Was wollt ihr heute Abend machen? (What do you all want to do tonight?)
The Modal Verb dürfen: Permissions & Rules
Dürfen is all about permission and what is allowed or forbidden. It’s perfect for asking politely or stating rules.
* Ich darf (I am allowed to)
* Du darfst (You are allowed to)
* Er/Sie/Es darf (He/She/It is allowed to)
* Wir dürfen (We are allowed to)
* Ihr dürft (You all are allowed to)
* Sie/sie dürfen (They/You (formal) are allowed to)
* Example: Darf ich hier sitzen? (May I sit here?)
* Example: Hier darf man nicht rauchen. (One is not allowed to smoke here.)
Giving Advice and Following Orders (sollen)
Sollen is used for giving advice, making recommendations, or relaying instructions or obligations from someone else (without necessarily being a strict command). It's softer than müssen (to have to).
* Ich soll (I should/am supposed to)
* Du sollst (You should/are supposed to)
* Er/Sie/Es soll (He/She/It should/is supposed to)
* Wir sollen (We should/are supposed to)
* Ihr sollt (You all should/are supposed to)
* Sie/sie sollen (They/You (formal) should/are supposed to)
* Example: Du sollst mehr Wasser trinken. (You should drink more water.)
* Example: Meine Mutter sagt, ich soll meine Hausaufgaben machen. (My mother says I should do my homework.)

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Ich will zu gehen.
Ich will gehen. (I want to go.)
*Explanation:* Remember, modal verbs like wollen, dürfen, and sollen are special – they *never* take zu before the infinitive verb that follows them.
  1. 1Du sollst das Buch lesen.
Du sollst das Buch lesen. (You should read the book.)
*Explanation:* While the example sentence is grammatically correct as is, a common mistake is placing the main verb *before* the end of the sentence when there are other elements. For example:
Ich will nach Hause gehen. (I want to go home.) - This is correct.
Ich will gehen nach Hause. - This is incorrect.
Ich will nach Hause gehen. (I want to go home.)
*Explanation:* The main verb (gehen) always goes to the very end of the sentence when used with a modal verb like wollen.
  1. 1Er wolle in den Park gehen.
Er will in den Park gehen. (He wants to go to the park.)
*Explanation:* Be careful with the irregular conjugations of wollen in the singular forms: ich will, du willst, er/sie/es will. The vowel changes from 'o' to 'i'.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

Was willst du am Wochenende machen? (What do you want to do on the weekend?)
B

B

Ich will meine Freunde treffen und ins Kino gehen. (I want to meet my friends and go to the cinema.)
A

A

Entschuldigen Sie, darf ich hier kurz mein Gepäck abstellen? (Excuse me, may I briefly put my luggage here?)
B

B

Ja, das dürfen Sie gern machen. (Yes, you may certainly do that.)
A

A

Ich habe Kopfschmerzen. (I have a headache.)
B

B

Du sollst einen Tee trinken und dich ausruhen. (You should drink a tea and rest.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

How do German modal verbs affect sentence structure?

Modal verbs send the main action verb (in its infinitive form) to the very end of the sentence.

Q

What's the main difference between wollen and möchten for A2 German learners?

Wollen expresses a strong desire or firm intention (I want to), while möchten is a more polite and softer expression of desire (

I would like to
).

Q

Can dürfen be used for asking permission politely in German?

Yes, absolutely! Using dürfen is the standard and most polite way to ask for permission in German.

Q

When should I use sollen instead of müssen in German grammar?

Sollen is for advice, recommendations, or relaying someone else's request/instruction (you *should* do it). Müssen expresses a stronger, undeniable obligation or necessity (you *must* do it).

السياق الثقافي

In German-speaking cultures, these modal verbs are used constantly in daily life. Wollen is direct and expresses clear intent. While directness is common, dürfen provides a polite way to navigate social rules and ask for favors, which is appreciated.
Sollen is excellent for offering friendly advice without sounding demanding, which aligns with a general preference for clear, but not overly aggressive, communication.

أمثلة رئيسية (8)

1

Ich kann heute nicht kommen.

لا أستطيع المجيء اليوم.

لا 'zu' بعد الأفعال المساعدة (können, wollen, müssen)
2

Du musst die Hausaufgaben machen.

يجب عليك إنجاز الواجبات.

لا 'zu' بعد الأفعال المساعدة (können, wollen, müssen)
3

Ich will heute Abend ins Kino gehen.

أريد الذهاب إلى السينما الليلة.

التعبير عن الرغبة والخطط: الفعل 'wollen'
4

Willst du mit mir einen Kaffee trinken?

هل تريد أن تشرب القهوة معي؟

التعبير عن الرغبة والخطط: الفعل 'wollen'
5

Darf ich dein Ladekabel benutzen?

May I use your charging cable?

الفعل الناقص dürfen: الأذونات والقواعد (dürfen)
6

Darf man hier mit Karte zahlen?

Is one allowed to pay with a card here?

الفعل الناقص dürfen: الأذونات والقواعد (dürfen)
7

Du sollst dieses neue Lied hören.

يجب أن تستمع لهذه الأغنية الجديدة.

تقديم النصيحة واتباع الأوامر (sollen)
8

Ich soll dir von Sarah gratulieren.

من المفترض أن أهنئك من سارة.

تقديم النصيحة واتباع الأوامر (sollen)

نصائح وحيل (4)

⚠️

فخ الإنجليزية

لا تدع to الإنجليزية (مثل want to أو have to) تخدعك وتجعلك تضيف zu في الألمانية. الأفعال الناقصة الألمانية نظيفة ولا تحتاجها، مثل «أريد أن أذهب»: Ich will gehen.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: لا 'zu' بعد الأفعال المساعدة (können, wollen, müssen)
⚠️

فخ "التهذيب" ⚠️

تخيل أنك في مطعم وتطلب الطعام. استخدام wollen هنا قد يبدو وكأنك تصدر الأوامر. استخدم möchten لتكون مهذباً:
Ich möchte einen Kaffee.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعبير عن الرغبة والخطط: الفعل 'wollen'
💡

Use for permission

Always use 'dürfen' when asking if something is allowed. It sounds much more natural than 'können'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الفعل الناقص dürfen: الأذونات والقواعد (dürfen)
⚠️

النهاية الخفية

إياك أن تضيف حرف '-t' بعد 'er/sie/es soll'. هذا الخطأ شائع جدًا، والصحيح دائمًا هو: er soll.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تقديم النصيحة واتباع الأوامر (sollen)

المفردات الرئيسية (6)

wollen to want dürfen to be allowed to sollen should/to be supposed to die Regel (f) the rule der Ratschlag (m) the piece of advice besuchen to visit

Real-World Preview

map-pin

At the Brandenburg Gate

Review Summary

  • Subject + Modal + ... + Infinitive
  • Ich will, du willst, er/sie/es will
  • Ich darf, du darfst, er/sie/es darf
  • Ich soll, du sollst, er/sie/es soll

أخطاء شائعة

You added 'zu', but modal verbs act like magnets that pull the infinitive verb directly without 'zu'.

Wrong: Ich will zu essen.
صحيح: Ich will essen.

The main verb 'essen' must go to the very end of the sentence.

Wrong: Ich will essen Pizza.
صحيح: Ich will Pizza essen.

Check your conjugation! It is 'du sollst', not 'du sollt'.

Wrong: Du sollt gehen.
صحيح: Du sollst gehen.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these modals, and you will sound like a local in no time.

Write 5 sentences about your school or work rules.

تدريب سريع (10)

ابحث عن الخطأ في الجملة وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

Er willt heute nicht arbeiten.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er will heute nicht arbeiten.
صيغة الغائب المفرد ('er/sie/es') من 'wollen' هي 'will'. لا تأخذ نهاية '-t'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعبير عن الرغبة والخطط: الفعل 'wollen'

اختر الجملة الصحيحة نحوياً:

Choose the correct sentence structure:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Wir wollen eine Pizza essen.
في الألمانية، يأخذ الفعل المساعد ('wollen') المركز الثاني، والفعل الأصلي ('essen') يجب أن يذهب إلى نهاية الجملة.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعبير عن الرغبة والخطط: الفعل 'wollen'

ابحث عن الخطأ في الجملة.

Er sollt seine Hausaufgaben machen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er soll seine Hausaufgaben machen.
صيغة المفرد الغائب (er/sie/es) من 'sollen' هي 'soll'. لا يأخذ نهاية '-t'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تقديم النصيحة واتباع الأوامر (sollen)

Select the correct verb.

___ ich hier sitzen?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Darf
Darf is for permission.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الفعل الناقص dürfen: الأذونات والقواعد (dürfen)

ابحث عن الخطأ في هذه الجملة وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich muss heute zu arbeiten.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich muss heute arbeiten.
الأفعال الناقصة مثل müssen لا تأخذ zu أبداً قبل الفعل الرئيسي.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: لا 'zu' بعد الأفعال المساعدة (können, wollen, müssen)

اختر الجملة الصحيحة نحويًا.

Pick the right order for the verbs.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du sollst heute Deutsch lernen.
الفعل المساعد 'sollst' يأتي في المرتبة الثانية، والفعل في المصدر 'lernen' يذهب إلى آخر الجملة تمامًا.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تقديم النصيحة واتباع الأوامر (sollen)

املأ الفراغ بالصيغة الصحيحة من 'sollen'.

Was ___ ich jetzt machen? (What should I do now?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: soll
للفاعل 'ich'، يصبح الفعل المساعد 'sollen' 'soll'. تذكر: بدون نهاية!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تقديم النصيحة واتباع الأوامر (sollen)

املأ الفراغ بالشكل الصحيح لـ 'wollen'.

Ich ____ am Wochenende nach Berlin fahren.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: will
بالنسبة للضمير 'ich'، يتغير حرف العلة من 'o' إلى 'i' ولا توجد نهاية. لذا 'will' هو الصحيح.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعبير عن الرغبة والخطط: الفعل 'wollen'

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Du darfst nicht gehen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du darfst nicht gehen.
Infinitive at the end.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الفعل الناقص dürfen: الأذونات والقواعد (dürfen)

أي جملة صحيحة نحوياً؟

Choose the best translation for 'Can you help me?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kannst du mir helfen?
لا حاجة لـ zu، والفعل الرئيسي helfen في مكانه الصحيح في النهاية.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: لا 'zu' بعد الأفعال المساعدة (können, wollen, müssen)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

هذا ببساطة اختلاف في تطور اللغتين. الأفعال الناقصة الألمانية تُعتبر «مساعدة» وتحمل الوزن النحوي بنفسها، مما يسمح للفعل الرئيسي بالبقاء في صورته الأصلية. مثلاً في الإنجليزية نقول
I want to go
لكن في الألمانية Ich will gehen.
تقنياً، هو صيغة المصدر من mögen، لكن لجميع الأغراض العملية في مستوى A2، يتصرف تماماً كفعل ناقص ويتبع قاعدة «لا zu». مثلاً،
I would like to drink water
تُصبح
Ich möchte Wasser trinken.
Wollen للتعبير عن نية قوية وخطط («أنا أريد/أنوي»). Möchten هي الصيغة المهذبة («أودّ»)، وتستخدم للطلبات وطلب الطعام:
Ich möchte einen Kaffee, bitte.
هذه سمة شائعة في الأفعال المساعدة الألمانية. غالباً ما يتغير حرف العلة الأصلي في صيغ المفرد. تذكّر: «مفرد = i، جمع = o».
Yes, primarily. It is used to ask for or state permission.
It is a modal verb with an irregular stem in the singular.