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A2 noun #2,500 الأكثر شيوعاً 7 دقيقة للقراءة

طرح

tarh
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح طرح في 30 ثانية
الشرح طرح in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'طرح' (tarh) is most easily understood as a 'drawing' or a 'simple plan.' Think of it as the word you use when you want to talk about the 'look' of something, like the pattern on your favorite shirt or a simple drawing you made in class. It is a noun. You might hear your teacher say, 'این طرح زیباست' (This design/drawing is beautiful). At this stage, don't worry about complex political meanings; just think of it as a way to describe the shape or appearance of an object or a very basic idea for an activity.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the A2 level, you start using 'طرح' to describe a 'proposal' or a 'project plan.' This is where you use it to talk about things you want to do. For example, 'من یک طرح برای سفر دارم' (I have a plan for the trip). You will also see it in compound forms like 'طرحِ درس' (lesson plan). You should understand that 'tarh' is more formal than 'barnameh' (which is just a schedule). It implies you have thought about the details. You might also encounter 'طرح ترافیک' in Iranian cities, which is a specific area where you need a permit to drive.
By B1, you should be comfortable using 'طرح' in professional and academic contexts. It refers to a 'formal proposal' or a 'design.' You will use verbs like 'طرح کردن' (to propose/bring up) and 'ارائه دادن' (to present). For example, 'او طرح خود را در جلسه مطرح کرد' (He brought up his proposal in the meeting). You also start to see the word 'طراح' (designer) and 'طراحی' (designing). You should be able to distinguish between a 'tarh' (a conceptual plan) and a 'naghsheh' ( a technical map or blueprint).
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B2 level, 'طرح' takes on more abstract and systemic meanings. It is used to discuss 'schemes,' 'frameworks,' and 'legislative bills.' You will encounter it frequently in the news, such as 'طرح‌های توسعه اقتصادی' (economic development plans). You should understand the nuance of 'طرح ریختن' (to plot or devise a scheme) versus 'طرح کردن' (to formally propose). You can use the word to describe complex systems, like the 'طرحِ کلی' (general outline) of a philosophical argument or a scientific theory.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C1 level, you use 'طرح' to discuss intricate 'blueprints' of social, political, and artistic movements. It involves a deep understanding of the word's role in formal rhetoric. You might analyze a 'طرحِ لایحه' (parliamentary bill) or the 'طرحِ ساختاری' (structural design) of a literary work. The word becomes a tool for high-level analysis. You should be able to use it to describe the 'underlying pattern' or 'motif' in art and literature, and understand its etymological connection to 'casting' or 'projecting' ideas into the world.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, 'طرح' is used with total precision in specialized fields. In law, you distinguish between 'طرح' (member-initiated bill) and 'لایحه' (government-initiated bill). In philosophy, it refers to the 'projection' of the self or a conceptual 'schema.' You can use it to discuss the 'grand design' of the universe or the 'intricate plotting' of a classic novel. Your usage reflects an awareness of the word's history, its Arabic roots, and its subtle connotations in various formal registers of Persian literature and modern governance.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

طرح في 30 ثانية

  • Tarh means plan, design, or proposal.
  • It is used in art, politics, and daily life.
  • Commonly paired with 'kardan' (to propose) or 'rikhtan' (to plot).
  • Essential for understanding Iranian urban traffic rules (Tarh-e Terafik).

The Persian word طرح (Tarh) is a multifaceted noun that serves as a cornerstone in both creative and technical Persian discourse. At its core, it refers to a plan, design, or proposal. Derived from the Arabic root (ط-ر-ح), which originally carries connotations of throwing or casting, in modern Persian, it has evolved to signify the 'casting' of an idea into a structured form. Whether you are an architect drafting a blueprint, a politician proposing a new law, or an artist sketching a preliminary drawing, you are engaging with a tarh. This word bridges the gap between a nebulous thought and a concrete reality. It is the skeletal structure of an intention. In the context of CEFR A2, learners should view it as the 'map' for an action. Unlike 'barnameh' (program), which often implies a schedule or a sequence of events, طرح focuses more on the conceptual framework, the visual layout, or the specific details of a proposal.

Architectural Context
Refers to the blueprints or the physical layout of a building or structure.
Political Context
Refers to a bill, a motion, or a legislative proposal presented to a governing body.
Artistic Context
Refers to a sketch, a draft, or the initial outline of a painting or sculpture.

"مهندس طرح جدیدی برای پارک شهر کشید." (The engineer drew a new plan for the city park.)

Understanding طرح requires recognizing its versatility. It can be something as simple as a pattern on a fabric (طرحِ پارچه) or as complex as a national economic reform (طرحِ اقتصادی). In everyday conversation, you might hear it when someone is suggesting a way to spend the weekend or when a student is explaining their research proposal. It is a word that demands precision; a tarh is not just an idea, it is an idea with a shape.

"این طرح هنوز در مرحله ابتدایی است." (This plan is still in the initial stage.)

"او طرح‌های بزرگی برای آینده دارد." (He has big plans for the future.)

Etymological Root
From Arabic 'taraha' (to throw). Think of it as 'throwing' an idea onto paper.
Modern Usage
Extensively used in government (طرحِ لایحه) and design (طرحِ گرافیکی).

Using طرح correctly involves understanding its role as both a static noun and a dynamic component of compound verbs. In its simplest form, it acts as a direct object. For example, 'من طرح را دیدم' (I saw the plan). However, its real power in Persian comes from its collocations. When you pair it with ریختن (rikhtan - to pour/cast), as in طرح ریختن, it means 'to plot' or 'to devise a scheme,' often with a slightly more strategic or even mischievous connotation. Conversely, طرح کردن (tarh kardan) is the standard way to say 'to propose,' 'to draft,' or 'to outline' an idea in a formal setting.

For A2 learners, focus on the 'Noun + Ezafe' construction. You will often see طرحِ followed by another noun to specify what kind of plan it is. For instance, طرحِ خانه (house plan), طرحِ درس (lesson plan), or طرحِ ترافیک (traffic scheme - a very common term in Tehran referring to restricted driving zones). Notice how the meaning shifts slightly from 'drawing' to 'regulation' depending on the context.

"ما باید یک طرح جامع برای این پروژه داشته باشیم." (We must have a comprehensive plan for this project.)

In technical fields, طرح is synonymous with 'design.' A graphic designer is a طراح (tarrah), and the act of designing is طراحی (tarrahi). If you are talking about the pattern on a carpet or a shirt, you use طرح. 'این پیراهن طرح زیبایی دارد' (This shirt has a beautiful design/pattern). This versatility makes it one of the most useful words in the Persian language, covering everything from the abstract to the tangible.

Grammar Tip
The plural is usually 'طرح‌ها' (tarh-ha). In very formal or older texts, you might see 'طروح' (toruh), but this is rare in modern speech.
Verb Pairing
طرح ارائه دادن (To present a plan), طرح تصویب کردن (To approve a plan).

You will encounter طرح in several distinct environments. First and foremost is the news and media. Iranian news broadcasts frequently discuss 'طرح‌های دولت' (government plans) or 'طرح‌های عمرانی' (development projects). If there is a new law being debated in the parliament (Majlis), it is referred to as a tarh before it becomes a 'ghanoon' (law). This is a crucial distinction for anyone interested in Persian current affairs.

Secondly, you will hear it in academic and professional settings. In a university, a student might discuss their 'طرحِ تحقیق' (research proposal). In an office, a manager might ask for a 'طرحِ پیشنهادی' (suggested plan/proposal). It carries a weight of formality and preparation. If someone says 'بدون طرح وارد کار نشو' (Don't start the work without a plan), they are emphasizing the need for foresight and organization.

Thirdly, in daily urban life, especially in large cities like Tehran, the phrase 'طرحِ ترافیک' (Traffic Plan) is ubiquitous. It refers to the congestion pricing zone. Drivers must check if they have permission to enter the tarh. You might hear a taxi driver say, 'من اجازه ورود به طرح را ندارم' (I don't have permission to enter the traffic zone). Finally, in art and fashion, tarh refers to the aesthetic pattern. When shopping for fabric or home decor, the seller will often point out the 'طرحِ سنتی' (traditional design) or 'طرحِ مدرن' (modern design) of the items.

One of the most common mistakes for learners is confusing طرح (Tarh) with نقشه (Naghsheh). While both can mean 'plan,' naghsheh usually refers to a physical map or a very detailed technical blueprint. Use tarh for the broader concept or proposal. For example, you use a naghsheh to find your way in a city, but you create a tarh to improve the city's infrastructure. If you say 'نقشه ترافیک,' people might think you mean a map of the traffic, whereas 'طرح ترافیک' refers to the regulatory scheme itself.

Another mistake is the confusion between طرح and برنامه (Barnameh). Barnameh is closer to 'program' or 'schedule.' If you are talking about your daily routine, use barnameh. If you are talking about a specific proposal for a new project, use tarh. Saying 'طرح روزانه' for a daily schedule sounds unnatural; 'برنامه روزانه' is the correct term.

Learners also sometimes struggle with the verb طرح ریختن. Because 'rikhtan' means 'to pour,' it might seem odd. However, it is an idiomatic way to say 'to hatch a plan' or 'to plot.' Using 'طرح کردن' when you mean 'to plot a secret scheme' might sound too formal or clinical. Conversely, using 'طرح ریختن' in a formal business meeting might sound slightly too informal or imply a 'scheme' rather than a professional proposal. Always match the verb to the level of formality required by the situation.

To truly master طرح, it is helpful to understand its synonyms and related terms. پروژه (Prozheh) is a direct loanword from 'project' and is used almost identically to how it is used in English, often for larger, time-bound tasks. پیش‌نویس (Pish-nevis) means 'draft' and is specifically used for documents or texts that are not yet final. While a tarh can be a draft, a pish-nevis is always a preliminary version of a writing.

الگو (Olgoo) means 'pattern' or 'model.' While tarh can mean pattern in a decorative sense, olgoo is used when something serves as a template to be followed or copied. ایده (Ideh) is 'idea.' An ideh is the spark, while a tarh is the developed version of that spark. لایحه (Layeheh) is a specific legal term for a 'bill' submitted by the government to the parliament. While a tarh is also a bill, it is specifically one submitted by the members of parliament themselves, not the executive branch. This is a high-level distinction but very common in political news.

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Ezafe construction

Compound verbs with 'kardan'

Pluralization of nouns

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

این طرح قشنگ است.

This design is pretty.

Simple noun-adjective sentence.

2

طرحِ این لباس چیست؟

What is the pattern of this dress?

Ezafe construction connecting 'tarh' and 'lebas'.

3

من یک طرح کشیدم.

I drew a design/sketch.

Direct object with 'yek' (a/one).

4

طرحِ مداد رنگی.

A colored pencil sketch.

Noun phrase.

5

این طرح ساده است.

This plan/design is simple.

Predicate adjective.

6

طرحِ گل روی فرش.

The flower pattern on the carpet.

Compound noun phrase.

7

او طرح را دوست دارد.

He likes the design.

Subject-Object-Verb structure.

8

یک طرحِ کوچک.

A small design/sketch.

Noun + Adjective with Ezafe.

1

طرحِ خانه جدید آماده است.

The plan for the new house is ready.

Subject phrase with Ezafe.

2

ما برای فردا یک طرح داریم.

We have a plan for tomorrow.

Using 'tarh' as a synonym for 'plan'.

3

آیا طرحِ ترافیک را می‌شناسی؟

Do you know the traffic plan (zone)?

Common urban terminology.

4

این طرحِ درسِ معلم است.

This is the teacher's lesson plan.

Possessive Ezafe.

5

او طرحی برای باغچه دارد.

He has a plan for the garden.

Indefinite 'i' suffix on 'tarh'.

6

طرحِ سوالات سخت بود.

The design of the questions was hard.

Abstract use of 'design'.

7

لطفاً طرح را توضیح بده.

Please explain the plan.

Imperative verb with direct object.

8

طرحِ اولیه عالی بود.

The initial draft/plan was great.

Adjective 'avvaliyeh' (initial).

1

او طرحِ پیشنهادی خود را به مدیر داد.

He gave his proposed plan to the manager.

Compound adjective 'pishnahadi'.

2

این طرح به بودجه زیادی نیاز دارد.

This project/plan needs a large budget.

Verb 'niyaz dashtan' with preposition 'be'.

3

طراحِ این ساختمان کیست؟

Who is the designer of this building?

Related word 'tarrah' (designer).

4

آن‌ها در حالِ طراحیِ یک نرم‌افزار هستند.

They are designing a software.

Gerund 'tarrahi' (designing).

5

طرحِ مسئله در کلاس مفید بود.

Bringing up the issue in class was useful.

Abstract noun usage.

6

ما باید طرحی نو دراندازیم.

We must cast a new plan (poetic/idiomatic).

Literary allusion to Hafez.

7

این طرح شاملِ سه مرحله است.

This plan includes three stages.

Verb 'shamel budan'.

8

طرحِ گرافیکیِ کتاب بسیار جذاب است.

The book's graphic design is very attractive.

Specific professional context.

1

دولت طرحِ جدیدی برای مهارِ تورم ارائه کرد.

The government presented a new plan to control inflation.

Formal political terminology.

2

آن‌ها برای سرقت از بانک طرح ریخته بودند.

They had hatched a plan to rob the bank.

Idiomatic 'tarh rikhtan' (to plot).

3

این طرح در مجلس تصویب شد.

This bill was approved in the parliament.

Passive construction 'tasvib shod'.

4

طرحِ جامعِ شهری به بهبودِ ترافیک کمک می‌کند.

The comprehensive urban plan helps improve traffic.

Technical term 'tarh-e jame'.

5

او موضوعِ ازدواج را طرح کرد.

He brought up the subject of marriage.

Compound verb 'tarh kardan'.

6

این طرحِ آزمایشی با موفقیت اجرا شد.

This pilot project was successfully implemented.

Adjective 'azmayeshi' (experimental/pilot).

7

طرحِ کلیِ داستان بسیار پیچیده است.

The general outline of the story is very complex.

Literary analysis context.

8

او در طرحِ ریزیِ عملیات نقش داشت.

He played a role in planning the operation.

Noun 'tarh-rizi' (planning/plotting).

1

طرحِ لایحه بودجه با مخالفتِ نمایندگان روبرو شد.

The budget bill proposal faced opposition from representatives.

High-level political jargon.

2

این مقاله به بررسیِ طرحِ ساختاریِ اشعارِ نیما می‌پردازد.

This article examines the structural design of Nima's poems.

Academic literary criticism.

3

طرحِ خاورمیانه‌ی بزرگ پیامدهای زیادی داشت.

The Greater Middle East plan had many consequences.

Geopolitical context.

4

او با ظرافتِ تمام، طرحِ دوستی با دشمن را ریخت.

With total subtlety, he plotted a friendship with the enemy.

Nuanced idiomatic usage.

5

طرحِ مباحثِ فلسفی در رسانه‌های عمومی دشوار است.

Raising philosophical discussions in public media is difficult.

Abstract conceptual usage.

6

این بنا بر اساسِ طرحِ اسلیمی ساخته شده است.

This building is constructed based on an Arabesque design.

Art history terminology.

7

طرحِ دعوی در دادگاه نیازمندِ مدارکِ کافی است.

Filing a lawsuit (raising a claim) in court requires sufficient evidence.

Legal terminology 'tarh-e da'vi'.

8

او به بازنگری در طرحِ کلیِ زندگی‌اش پرداخت.

He proceeded to review the overall plan of his life.

Existential/Reflective usage.

1

طرحِ پارادایم‌های نوین در فیزیکِ کوانتوم، جهان‌بینیِ ما را تغییر داد.

The proposal of new paradigms in quantum physics changed our worldview.

Advanced scientific/philosophical discourse.

2

در این رساله، طرحِ دیالکتیکیِ هگل مورد نقد قرار گرفته است.

In this thesis, Hegel's dialectical schema is criticized.

Specialized philosophical terminology.

3

طرحِ توطئه علیه نظامِ حاکم به سرعت فاش شد.

The conspiracy plot against the ruling system was quickly revealed.

Political/Intelligence context.

4

او در طرحِ مفاهیمِ انتزاعی تبحرِ خاصی دارد.

He has a special mastery in outlining abstract concepts.

High-level academic praise.

5

طرحِ هندسیِ این عمارت، بازتابی از کیهان‌شناسیِ سنتی است.

The geometric design of this mansion is a reflection of traditional cosmology.

Interdisciplinary cultural analysis.

6

سیاست‌گذار باید طرحِ جامعِ پدافندِ غیرعامل را تدوین کند.

The policymaker must draft a comprehensive passive defense plan.

Strategic/Military terminology.

7

طرحِ این پرسش که 'هستی چیست؟' آغازِ فلسفه است.

Raising the question 'What is being?' is the beginning of philosophy.

Ontological usage.

8

او با طرحِ ریزیِ دقیق، بر تمامِ موانعِ بوروکراتیک غلبه کرد.

With precise planning, he overcame all bureaucratic obstacles.

Complex noun-verb relationship.

تلازمات شائعة

طرحِ پیشنهادی (Proposed plan)
طرحِ جامع (Comprehensive plan)
طرحِ ترافیک (Traffic scheme)
طرحِ درس (Lesson plan)
طرحِ ریزی (Planning)
طرحِ گرافیکی (Graphic design)
طرحِ اقتصادی (Economic plan)
طرحِ عمرانی (Development project)
ارائه طرح (Presenting a plan)
تصویب طرح (Approving a plan)

العبارات الشائعة

طرحِ نو (New plan/idea)
در مرحله طرح (In the planning stage)
طرحِ عملیاتی (Operational plan)
طرحِ توجیهی (Feasibility study)
طرحِ کاداستر (Cadastral survey)
طرحِ هادی (Rural development plan)
طرحِ طبقه‌بندی (Classification scheme)
طرحِ سلامت (Health plan)
طرحِ زوج و فرد (Odd-even traffic rule)
طرحِ مسئله (Raising the issue)

يُخلط عادةً مع

طرح vs نقشه (Map/Blueprint)

طرح vs برنامه (Program/Schedule)

طرح vs لایحه (Government Bill)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"طرحِ نو درانداختن (To start something completely new/revolutionary)"
"طرح ریختن (To plot or scheme)"
"از طرح خارج شدن (To go off-plan)"
"طرحِ دوستی ریختن (To initiate a friendship, often strategically)"
"طرحِ دعوا کردن (To file a legal claim)"
"روی طرح کار کردن (To work on a design)"
"طرح را پیاده کردن (To implement the plan)"
"طرح در سر داشتن (To have a plan in mind)"
"طرحِ خامی بودن (To be a half-baked plan)"
"طرحِ روی کاغذ (A plan only on paper/unrealized)"

سهل الخلط

طرح vs طراح

طرح vs طراحی

طرح vs مطرح

أنماط الجُمل

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

طراح (Designer)
طراحی (Design)

الأفعال

طرح کردن
طراحی کردن

الصفات

طراحی‌شده (Designed)
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

distinction

Tarh is conceptual/visual; Naghsheh is technical/spatial; Barnameh is temporal/sequential.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using 'barnameh' for a technical design.
  • Confusing 'tarh' (plan) with 'tarrah' (designer).
  • Forgetting the Ezafe in 'tarh-e dars'.
  • Using 'naghsheh' when you mean a legislative proposal.
  • Mispronouncing the final 'h' as a hard 'kh'.

نصائح

Use Synonyms

Try using 'prozheh' for work projects and 'tarh' for the initial design.

Traffic Zones

In Tehran, 'Tarh' is the most important word for drivers.

Compound Verbs

Master 'tarh kardan' to improve your formal speaking.

Patterns

Use 'tarh' to describe the patterns on Persian rugs.

Research

Your research proposal is your 'tarh-e tahghigh'.

Poetry

Memorize the Hafez quote about 'tarh-e no' to impress locals.

Proposals

A 'tarh-e pishnahadi' is essential for business.

News

Listen for 'tarh' in the first 5 minutes of Persian news.

Drafting

Use 'tarh' when you are in the sketching phase of writing.

Visualizing

Visualize a 'T' for 'Tarh' and 'Template'.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

Arabic

السياق الثقافي

Persian carpets are classified by their 'tarh' (e.g., Tarh-e Shah Abbasi).

A 'Tarh' in parliament is often more controversial than a 'Layeheh' (government bill).

Tarh-e Terafik is a restricted zone in central Tehran.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"طرح شما برای تعطیلات چیست؟ (What is your plan for the holidays?)"

"آیا طرح ترافیک امروز اجرا می‌شود؟ (Is the traffic plan in effect today?)"

"از طرح این لباس خوشت می‌آید؟ (Do you like the design of this dress?)"

"طرح جدید دولت را شنیدی؟ (Did you hear about the government's new plan?)"

"چطور می‌توانیم یک طرح بهتر بریزیم؟ (How can we make a better plan?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

طرحِ ایده‌آل خود را برای یک خانه توصیف کنید. (Describe your ideal plan for a house.)

یک طرح برای یادگیری بهتر زبان فارسی بنویسید. (Write a plan for better Persian learning.)

درباره طرحی که در زندگی با شکست روبرو شد بنویسید. (Write about a plan in your life that failed.)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Tarh is a general plan or design; Naghsheh is a physical map or a technical blueprint.

Yes, especially a sketch or a pattern on fabric.

It is a restricted driving zone in major Iranian cities.

It can be used both informally (a plan with friends) and formally (a parliamentary bill).

You can use 'طرح‌ریزی کردن' or 'طرح ریختن'.

طرحِ درس (Tarh-e dars).

Yes, from the root T-R-H.

The most common plural is طرح‌ها (Tarh-ha).

A Tarrah is a designer or an architect.

Yes, 'طرح ریختن' often implies a secret or strategic plot.

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اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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محتوى ذو صلة

هذه الكلمة بلغات أخرى

trh Slovak طرح 아랍어
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