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A2 verb #15,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 7 دقيقة للقراءة

滅ぼす

horobosu

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 滅ぼす في 30 ثانية

الشرح 滅ぼす in your Level:

At the A1 level, you likely won't use '滅ぼす' (horobosu) in your own speech, as it is a complex word with a very strong meaning. However, you might encounter it in simple stories or anime. Think of it as a 'super-destroy' word. While you learn 'kowasu' (to break) for things like toys or plates, 'horobosu' is for much bigger things like whole countries or a person's life. At this stage, just try to recognize the sound 'horobosu' and associate it with 'bad ruin' or 'total destruction.' You don't need to worry about conjugating it yet. Just remember that it's a very serious word that you wouldn't use for a broken pencil. If a monster in a cartoon says it, he's planning something very bad!

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you are starting to learn about transitive and intransitive verbs. '滅ぼす' (horobosu) is the transitive version, meaning 'someone destroys something.' Its partner is '滅びる' (horobiru), which means 'something perishes.' A useful phrase to learn at this level is '身を滅ぼす' (mi o horobosu). 'Mi' means 'body' or 'self,' so this phrase means 'to ruin oneself.' You might hear this in advice about not staying up too late or eating too much junk food, though it's a bit dramatic for that! It's more commonly used for serious things like gambling. Focus on the grammar: [Person] wa [Thing] o horobosu. Practice saying 'Sake wa mi o horobosu' (Alcohol ruins the self) to remember the 'o' particle usage.

At the B1 level, you should be able to conjugate '滅ぼす' into various forms and understand its use in historical or environmental contexts. You will see it in textbooks when discussing the history of Japan, such as when one clan destroyed another. You should also recognize it in the passive voice: '滅ぼされる' (horobosareru - to be destroyed). For example, 'The civilization was destroyed by the volcano' would use this form. You are also moving beyond physical destruction to abstract ruin. You can now use it to describe how a bad policy might 'ruin the economy' (keizai o horobosu). Start comparing it with 'hakai suru' (to destroy) and notice that 'horobosu' feels more like a permanent end to an entity's existence.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

By B2, you should have a firm grasp of the nuance that separates '滅ぼす' from other destruction-related verbs. You'll encounter it in literature and more complex news reports. It often carries a moral or philosophical weight. For instance, in a discussion about climate change, you might read about how humanity is '滅ぼしている' (horoboshite iru - is destroying) the natural world. You should also be comfortable with the causative-passive forms and the various conditional patterns like '滅ぼせば' (if one destroys). At this level, you can use the word to add dramatic flair or emphasis to your writing, especially when discussing the consequences of actions. You should also be familiar with related kanji compounds like '滅亡' (metsubou - downfall/ruin).

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, you are exploring the deeper literary and archaic uses of '滅ぼす.' You'll find it in classical Japanese literature or modern novels that mimic older styles. It is used to discuss the 'extinguishing' of emotions or the 'annihilation' of the ego in religious or philosophical texts. You should be able to appreciate the word's role in creating 'monogatari' (narrative) weight. In high-level debates, you might use '滅ぼす' to describe the existential threat of certain technologies or ideologies to human culture. Your understanding of the word should include its etymological roots (the kanji 滅 combining water and fire to mean 'extinguish') and how this history informs its modern usage as 'bringing to an end.'

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, '滅ぼす' is a tool for precise and evocative expression. You understand its subtle differences from synonyms like '殲滅する' (senmetsu suru - to annihilate in a military sense) or '根絶やしにする' (nedayashi ni suru - to root out/extirpate). You can use it in academic writing to discuss the sociological factors that 'ruin' civilizations or in creative writing to describe the slow, agonizing destruction of a character's spirit. You are also aware of how the word has been used throughout Japanese history in famous poems or military chronicles like the 'Heike Monogatari.' For you, '滅ぼす' is not just a verb; it is a concept that encompasses the transience of life (mujou) and the active role of fate and human folly in the end of all things.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

滅ぼす في 30 ثانية

A powerful verb for total destruction or ruin.
Commonly used for nations, species, or personal ruin.
Transitive counterpart to the verb 'horobiru' (to perish).
Carries a dramatic, serious, and permanent nuance.

The Japanese verb 滅ぼす (horobosu) is a potent transitive verb that signifies the act of bringing something to total ruin, destruction, or extinction. Unlike simpler verbs like 壊す (kowasu - to break), 滅ぼす implies a systemic or terminal level of destruction. It is the active force that causes a state of 'perishing.' In the landscape of Japanese linguistics, it belongs to the Godan verb group and is the transitive counterpart to the intransitive verb 滅びる (horobiru), which means 'to perish' or 'to go extinct.'

Historical Context: Traditionally, this word was used to describe the total annihilation of enemy clans or the overthrowing of dynasties. When a samurai lord sought to eliminate a rival family entirely, he would use the term 滅ぼす to indicate that no trace of the lineage would remain. This sense of 'wiping off the map' remains a core nuance today.

彼はギャンブルで身を滅ぼした。(He ruined himself through gambling.)

Metaphorical Ruin: In modern daily life, you won't often hear people talk about destroying kingdoms, but you will hear it in the context of personal ruin. The phrase '身を滅ぼす' (mi o horobosu) is a common idiomatic expression used to warn someone that their habits—be it alcohol, drugs, or excessive debt—will lead to their personal and social downfall. It suggests a destruction of character, health, and future prospects.

Furthermore, in the realm of environmental and biological discussions, 滅ぼす is used to describe human activities that lead to the extinction of species. If humans overhunt an animal to the point of extinction, they are said to '滅ぼす' that species. It carries a heavy moral weight, often implying that the destruction was preventable or caused by negative traits like greed or negligence. In pop culture, particularly in anime and manga, villains often declare their intent to '滅ぼす' the world or a specific village, emphasizing their role as an all-powerful destroyer. This word creates a sense of grand scale and irreversible consequence that other 'destroy' verbs lack.

魔王は世界を滅ぼそうとしている。(The Demon King is trying to destroy the world.)

Using 滅ぼす correctly requires understanding its transitive nature. You are focusing on the *cause* of the destruction. The structure is typically [Subject] が [Object] を滅ぼす. Because the word is quite strong, it is rarely used for minor physical damage. You wouldn't use it for a broken phone or a torn shirt; it is reserved for entities, concepts, or large-scale structures.

Political and National Scale: When talking about history or geopolitics, 滅ぼす is the standard verb for the fall of a nation caused by an external or internal force. For example, 'The Roman Empire was destroyed by...' would use this verb in its passive form, but 'The invaders destroyed the empire' uses the active 滅ぼす.

侵略者はその文明を完全に滅ぼした。(The invaders completely destroyed that civilization.)

Personal Habits and Consequences: This is perhaps the most frequent use in modern conversation. It often takes the form of 'A causes B to be ruined.' Common objects include 身 (mi - oneself), 健康 (kenkou - health), and 人生 (jinsei - life). It sounds very serious and cautionary.

不摂生な生活が彼の健康を滅ぼした。(An unhealthy lifestyle ruined his health.)

In literary contexts, you might see it paired with abstract nouns. 'To destroy the truth' or 'to destroy one's conscience' are possible, though they sound quite dramatic. The verb emphasizes that once the object is '滅ぼされた' (destroyed), it cannot easily be restored. It is a one-way trip to oblivion. This is why it is so often used in environmental activism regarding the extinction of flora and fauna. If humans destroy a forest to the point that the ecosystem collapses, 滅ぼす is the appropriate verb to convey the gravity of the loss.

While 滅ぼす is not a word you use to describe everyday mishaps, it is ubiquitous in specific domains of Japanese life and media. Understanding these contexts will help you grasp the 'vibe' of the word beyond its dictionary definition.

Anime, Manga, and Video Games: This is the primary 'villain' word. Whether it is a giant monster (kaiju) attacking Tokyo or a dark mage casting a spell, the goal is usually to 滅ぼす the world or the protagonist's home. It gives the threat a sense of apocalyptic scale. Titles like 'Attack on Titan' or 'Final Fantasy' frequently use this verb in their dialogue to set high stakes.

人類を滅ぼす気か！ (Do you intend to destroy humanity?!)

News and Documentaries: In serious reporting, specifically regarding the environment or endangered species, 滅ぼす is used to describe the impact of human development. You might hear a narrator say that pollution is destroying the river's ecosystem. It is also used in historical documentaries when discussing the fall of the Aztecs, the Incas, or Japanese clans like the Taira.

In educational settings, particularly in history class, students learn about how certain leaders '滅ぼした' their rivals to unify Japan. It is a key term for the Sengoku (Warring States) period. Additionally, in literature and philosophy, the word is used to discuss the 'destruction of the ego' or the 'ruin of the soul.' It is a word that demands attention; when a Japanese speaker chooses 滅ぼす over 壊す, they are signaling that something significant and perhaps irreplaceable is being lost forever.

For English speakers, the most common pitfall when using 滅ぼす is confusing it with its intransitive partner, 滅びる (horobiru). This is a classic 'Transitive vs. Intransitive' (Jidoushi/Tadoushi) error that can completely change the meaning of your sentence.

Transitive vs. Intransitive Confusion: 滅ぼす (Horobosu) is the action: 'I destroy the enemy.' (Object を滅ぼす).
滅びる (Horobiru) is the state: 'The enemy perishes.' (Subject が滅びる).
If you say '国を滅びる,' it is grammatically incorrect. You must say '国が滅びる' or '国を滅ぼす.'

❌ 世界が滅ぼす。
✅ 世界を滅ぼす。(Destroy the world.)
✅ 世界が滅びる。(The world perishes.)

Overuse for Minor Damage: Another mistake is using 滅ぼす for physical objects that are simply broken. If you drop your watch and it stops working, you should use 壊す (kowasu). Using 滅ぼす would sound like you are a supervillain who has erased the watch from existence and ruined its entire lineage. It’s too dramatic for everyday accidents.

Finally, watch out for the conjugation. Because it ends in 'su,' it is a Godan verb. Some learners mistakenly treat it as an Ichidan verb because the stem sounds similar to others, but it follows the 'su' -> 'shite' pattern (滅ぼして). Mixing this up with 滅びる (which is an Ichidan verb: 滅びて) is a very common source of confusion for intermediate students.

Japanese has a rich vocabulary for destruction. Choosing the right word depends on the scale, the object, and the method of destruction. Here is how 滅ぼす compares to its peers.

破壊する (Hakai suru): This is the most direct translation of 'to destroy.' It is a Sino-Japanese (Kango) word. It is more clinical and physical than 滅ぼす. You 'hakai' a building or a robot. 滅ぼす is more about the 'end' of an entity or a person's life/future.
絶滅させる (Zetsumetsu saseru): Literally 'to cause to go extinct.' This is used specifically for species and biological life. While 滅ぼす can be used for species, 絶滅させる is the scientific and formal term used in biology and news reports about ecology.
台無しにする (Tainashi ni suru): This means 'to spoil' or 'to ruin' something like a plan, a mood, or a celebration. It is much lighter than 滅ぼす. If you rain on someone's parade, you 'tainashi ni suru' the event. You definitely didn't 'horobosu' it.

Comparison:
1. 彼は建物を破壊した。(He destroyed the building - physical).
2. 彼は国を滅ぼした。(He ruined the nation - systemic/total).

Another interesting alternative is 打ち倒す (uchitaosu), which means to 'knock down' or 'overthrow.' This is often used in the context of defeating a powerful enemy or a corrupt government. While 滅ぼす implies they are gone forever, 打ち倒す focuses more on the act of the defeat itself. Choosing between these words allows you to fine-tune the emotional impact of your Japanese speech.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The kanji 滅 (metsu) consists of 'water' and 'fire' (extinguished), symbolizing the total removal of a flame.

دليل النطق

UK hɒrɒbɒsuː

US hoʊroʊboʊsuː

Flat pitch accent (Heiban), meaning the pitch stays relatively high after the first syllable.

يتقافى مع

Korosu Orosu Tomosu Kowasu Sagasu Kurasu Nagasu Hanasu

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'bo' as 'po'.
Confusing with 'horobiru'.
Stressing the first syllable too hard.
Incorrectly making it an Ichidan verb.
Dropping the final 'u' too much.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

The kanji is somewhat complex but common in literature.

الكتابة 4/5

The kanji 滅 has many strokes and requires practice.

التحدث 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward.

الاستماع 2/5

Distinctive sound makes it easy to catch.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

壊す死ぬ悪い国身

تعلّم لاحقاً

滅びる絶滅繁栄存続維持

متقدم

殲滅瓦解潰滅凋落諸行無常

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Transitive vs Intransitive

国を滅ぼす (transitive) vs 国が滅びる (intransitive)

Causative Passive

滅ぼさせられる (to be made to destroy)

Potential Form

滅ぼせる (can destroy)

Volitional Form

滅ぼそう (let's destroy / intend to destroy)

Conditional Eba

滅ぼせば (if one destroys)

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

悪い王様が町を滅ぼす。

The bad king destroys the town.

Simple Subject-Object-Verb structure.

怪獣が世界を滅ぼす。

The monster destroys the world.

Use of 'o' particle for the object.

彼は家族を滅ぼしたくない。

He doesn't want to ruin his family.

Negative 'takunai' form.

お酒は身を滅ぼします。

Alcohol ruins oneself.

Polite 'masu' form.

勇者は魔王を滅ぼした。

The hero destroyed the Demon King.

Past tense 'shita'.

戦争は国を滅ぼす。

War ruins countries.

Generic statement about war.

その火事が村を滅ぼした。

That fire destroyed the village.

Direct cause and effect.

彼は自分の人生を滅ぼした。

He ruined his own life.

Reflexive use with 'own life'.

ギャンブルで身を滅ぼす人が多い。

There are many people who ruin themselves through gambling.

Relative clause: 'people who ruin themselves'.

その病気は多くの命を滅ぼした。

That disease destroyed many lives.

Abstract object: lives.

私たちは自然を滅ぼしてはいけない。

We must not destroy nature.

Must not: 'te wa ikenai'.

欲が彼を滅ぼすだろう。

Greed will probably ruin him.

Use of 'darou' for conjecture.

敵の軍隊を滅ぼす計画を立てる。

Make a plan to destroy the enemy army.

Noun modification: 'plan to destroy'.

怒りは自分を滅ぼすことになる。

Anger will end up ruining you.

Phrase: 'koto ni naru' (end up as).

強すぎる力は国を滅ぼす。

Power that is too strong ruins a nation.

Adjective 'sugiru' (too much).

彼は嘘で自分のキャリアを滅ぼした。

He ruined his career with lies.

Instrumental 'de' (with/by).

織田信長は多くの敵を滅ぼした。

Oda Nobunaga destroyed many enemies.

Historical usage.

一度の失敗が会社を滅ぼすこともある。

One failure can sometimes ruin a company.

Use of 'koto mo aru' (sometimes happens).

外来種が在来種を滅ぼしている。

Invasive species are destroying native species.

Present continuous 'shite iru'.

もし彼を滅ぼせば、平和が戻るだろう。

If we destroy him, peace will return.

Conditional 'eba'.

そのスキャンダルは政権を滅ぼす力があった。

That scandal had the power to ruin the administration.

Abstract noun 'seiken' (administration).

自分を滅ぼすような真似はやめなさい。

Stop doing things that will ruin yourself.

Noun modification 'youna mane'.

彼は復讐心によって自分を滅ぼしてしまった。

He ended up ruining himself due to his desire for revenge.

Regretful completion 'te shimatta'.

文明を滅ぼすのは、いつも内側からの腐敗だ。

It is always corruption from within that destroys civilizations.

Nominalizing 'horobosu no wa'.

環境破壊は人類自らを滅ぼす行為だ。

Environmental destruction is an act that ruins humanity itself.

Compound noun 'kankyou hakai'.

敵を滅ぼすことに執着してはいけない。

One must not become obsessed with destroying the enemy.

Obsession: 'shuuchaku'.

その独裁者は反対勢力を次々と滅ぼしていった。

The dictator went on destroying the opposition forces one after another.

Directional 'te itta' (went on doing).

核兵器は世界を何回も滅ぼすことができる。

Nuclear weapons can destroy the world many times over.

Potential 'koto ga dekiru'.

傲慢さが王を滅ぼす原因となった。

Arrogance became the cause of the king's ruin.

Resultative 'geinin to natta'.

彼は自らの才能を酒で滅ぼしてしまった。

He unfortunately ruined his own talent with alcohol.

Talent: 'sainou'.

過去の過ちが現在を滅ぼすこともある。

Mistakes of the past can sometimes ruin the present.

Contrast 'kako' vs 'genzai'.

彼らは村を滅ぼした罪で捕まった。

They were caught for the crime of destroying the village.

Reason 'de' (because of).

その一族を滅ぼし尽くすまで攻撃は止まなかった。

The attacks did not stop until the clan was completely destroyed.

Compound verb 'horoboshi-tsukusu' (destroy completely).

偏見は客観的な判断を滅ぼす。

Prejudice destroys objective judgment.

Abstract concept 'henken' (prejudice).

良心を滅ぼしてまで利益を追求すべきではない。

One should not pursue profit to the extent of destroying one's conscience.

Emphasis 'made' (to the point of).

歴史を振り返れば、奢りが国を滅ぼした例は枚挙に暇がない。

Looking back at history, examples of pride ruining nations are too numerous to mention.

Idiom 'maikyo ni itoma ga nai'.

彼は冷酷にも、競争相手を徹底的に滅ぼした。

He ruthlessly and thoroughly destroyed his competitors.

Adverb 'teitteki ni' (thoroughly).

真実を滅ぼすことは誰にもできない。

No one can destroy the truth.

Philosophical statement.

その教えは古い迷信を滅ぼすために広まった。

That teaching spread in order to destroy old superstitions.

Purpose 'tame ni'.

言葉の乱れが文化を滅ぼすと彼は主張した。

He claimed that the corruption of language ruins culture.

Claim: 'shujou shita'.

驕れる者も久しからず、ただ春の夜の夢のごとし。遂には滅ぼされる運命にあるのだ。

The proud do not endure; they are like a dream on a spring night. In the end, they are destined to be destroyed.

Literary style influenced by Heike Monogatari.

自己を滅ぼし、無の境地に至ることが修行の目的である。

The purpose of ascetic training is to destroy the self and reach the state of nothingness.

Spiritual context 'muga'.

その独裁的権力は、ついには自らの基盤をも滅ぼしかねない。

That dictatorial power might eventually even destroy its own foundation.

Possibility of negative outcome 'kane-nai'.

虚偽が誠を滅ぼす世であってはならない。

It must not be a world where falsehood destroys sincerity.

Formal negative 'de atte wa naranai'.

彼は怨恨の情に駆られ、相手のみならず自分自身をも滅ぼす道を選んだ。

Driven by feelings of resentment, he chose a path that would ruin not only his opponent but himself as well.

Driven by: 'ni karare'.

大衆の無知が、民主主義の根幹を滅ぼす危険性を孕んでいる。

The ignorance of the masses harbors the danger of destroying the very foundation of democracy.

Harbor/pregnant with: 'harande iru'.

美しき自然を滅ぼす行為は、未来の世代に対する冒涜である。

The act of destroying beautiful nature is a profanity against future generations.

Profanity: 'boutoku'.

絶対的な静寂が、都会の喧騒を滅ぼしたかのようだった。

It was as if absolute silence had destroyed the hustle and bustle of the city.

Simile 'ka no you datta'.

تلازمات شائعة

身を滅ぼす

国を滅ぼす

世界を滅ぼす

文明を滅ぼす

敵を滅ぼす

一族を滅ぼす

健康を滅ぼす

人生を滅ぼす

自然を滅ぼす

種を滅ぼす

العبارات الشائعة

身を滅ぼすような

— Something that leads to self-ruin.

身を滅ぼすような恋。

国を滅ぼす美女

— A 'femme fatale' who causes a kingdom's fall.

彼女は国を滅ぼす美女と言われた。

自らを滅ぼす

— To destroy oneself (emphatic).

自らを滅ぼす行為だ。

徹底的に滅ぼす

— To destroy thoroughly.

敵を徹底的に滅ぼした。

一瞬で滅ぼす

— To destroy in an instant.

爆弾が町を一瞬で滅ぼした。

跡形もなく滅ぼす

— To destroy without a trace.

跡形もなく滅ぼされた。

良心を滅ぼす

— To lose or destroy one's conscience.

欲が良心を滅ぼした。

家庭を滅ぼす

— To ruin one's family life.

不倫が家庭を滅ぼした。

未来を滅ぼす

— To ruin the future.

この決定は未来を滅ぼす。

敵対勢力を滅ぼす

— To destroy opposing forces.

王は敵対勢力を滅ぼした。

يُخلط عادةً مع

滅ぼす vs 滅びる

Intransitive: something perishes on its own.

滅ぼす vs 壊す

General physical breaking of objects.

滅ぼす vs 殺す

Specifically killing a living being.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"身を滅ぼす"

— To ruin oneself through bad behavior.

深酒は身を滅ぼす。

Common

"国を滅ぼす"

— To cause the downfall of a state.

愚策が国を滅ぼす。

Political

"家を滅ぼす"

— To bring ruin to one's family or lineage.

放蕩息子が家を滅ぼした。

Traditional

"自分を滅ぼす"

— To be one's own worst enemy.

プライドが自分を滅ぼす。

Psychological

"滅ぼし尽くす"

— To destroy everything completely.

彼は敵を滅ぼし尽くした。

Literary

"傾国の美女"

— A beauty who ruins a country (related idiom).

彼女はまさに傾国の美女だ。

Literary

"自業自得で身を滅ぼす"

— To ruin oneself by one's own actions.

彼は自業自得で身を滅ぼした。

Common

"民を滅ぼす"

— To bring ruin upon the people.

暴君が民を滅ぼした。

Historical

"文化を滅ぼす"

— To cause a culture to vanish.

戦争が文化を滅ぼす。

Academic

"希望を滅ぼす"

— To destroy hope entirely.

絶望が希望を滅ぼした。

Poetic

سهل الخلط

滅ぼす vs 壊す

Both mean 'destroy'.

Kowasu is for physical objects; Horobosu is for entities/lives.

時計を壊す vs 国を滅ぼす

滅ぼす vs 倒す

Both imply defeating.

Taosu is to defeat/knock down; Horobosu is to annihilate.

敵を倒す vs 敵を滅ぼす

滅ぼす vs 絶やす

Both mean to make something end.

Tayasu is often used for fire, light, or lineage in a softer sense.

火を絶やす vs 一族を滅ぼす

滅ぼす vs 潰す

Both can mean ruin.

Tsubusu is more colloquial and can mean 'crush' or 'waste'.

時間を潰す vs 人生を滅ぼす

滅ぼす vs 失う

Both relate to loss.

Ushinau is to lose; Horobosu is to actively destroy.

命を失う vs 命を滅ぼす

أنماط الجُمل

[Bad habit] は身を滅ぼす。

お酒は身を滅ぼす。

[Subject] が [Object] を滅ぼした。

王が国を滅ぼした。

[Object] が [Agent] に滅ぼされる。

国が敵に滅ぼされる。

[Object] を滅ぼしかねない。

この病気は人類を滅ぼしかねない。

[Object] を滅ぼそうとする。

彼は世界を滅ぼそうとしている。

[Object] を滅ぼし尽くす。

一族を滅ぼし尽くした。

[Action] ことは [Object] を滅ぼすことに他ならない。

自然を汚すことは人類を滅ぼすことに他ならない。

[Object] を滅ぼす運命にある。

傲慢な者は自らを滅ぼす運命にある。

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

滅亡 (Metsubou - Downfall)

絶滅 (Zetsumetsu - Extinction)

不滅 (Fumetsu - Immortality)

الأفعال

滅びる (Horobiru - To perish)

滅ぼし合う (Horoboshiau - To destroy each other)

الصفات

滅びゆく (Horobiyuku - Perishing/Dying)

مرتبط

壊す

殺す

絶つ

消す

破る

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كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Common in literature, history, and fiction; moderate in daily speech (mostly as idioms).

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'ga' with horobosu. → Using 'wo' (を) with horobosu.
Horobosu is transitive; it needs a direct object.
Confusing horobosu with kowasu. → Using kowasu for small objects.
Horobosu is for ruin/annihilation, not just breaking.
Saying 'horobiru' when you mean 'I destroyed it'. → Saying 'horoboshita'.
Horobiru is intransitive (it perishes).
Treating it as an Ichidan verb (horobore). → Treating it as Godan (horobose).
It follows the 'su' verb conjugation rules.
Using it for a person's death directly. → Using it for a person's 'ruin' (身を滅ぼす).
It's about the destruction of their life/standing, not just biological death.

نصائح

Particle Choice

Always use 'o' (を) for the thing being destroyed.

Scale Matters

Save this word for big, life-changing or world-changing events.

Learn the Pair

Always learn 'horobosu' and 'horobiru' together to avoid confusion.

Historical Context

Think of samurai wars when trying to remember the 'annihilation' sense.

Anime Watch

Listen for this word whenever a villain explains their master plan.

The Horror Boss

Use the 'Horror Boss' mnemonic to remember the sound and meaning.

Kanji Practice

Practice the 'metsu' kanji; it appears in many important words like 'metsubou'.

Dramatic Flair

Use it to emphasize the gravity of a situation in a speech.

Passive Voice

Be ready to hear 'horobosareru' in history documentaries.

Environmentalism

It's a key word for discussing species extinction.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of a 'HORROR' (horo) 'BOSS' (bosu) who wants to DESTROY everything.

ربط بصري

Imagine a giant tidal wave (water radical) extinguishing a massive fire (fire radical), leaving nothing behind.

Word Web

Nation Ruin Extinction Transitive Horobiru History Anime Moral

تحدٍّ

Try to use '身を滅ぼす' in a sentence about a bad habit you want to quit.

أصل الكلمة

Derived from Old Japanese, the root 'horo' relates to falling or scattering (like 'horohoro').

المعنى الأصلي: To cause something to fall apart or scatter into nothingness.

Japonic

السياق الثقافي

It is a very strong word; avoid using it in casual social settings unless joking about a dramatic failure.

Often translated as 'to ruin' when referring to people and 'to destroy' for nations.

Heike Monogatari Attack on Titan Dragon Ball (Frieza's goals)

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

History

平氏を滅ぼす
王朝を滅ぼす
敵国を滅ぼす
文明を滅ぼす

Personal Advice

身を滅ぼす
人生を滅ぼす
健康を滅ぼす
将来を滅ぼす

Fantasy/Fiction

世界を滅ぼす
人類を滅ぼす
村を滅ぼす
魔王を滅ぼす

Environment

自然を滅ぼす
生態系を滅ぼす
種を滅ぼす
地球を滅ぼす

Abstract/Moral

良心を滅ぼす
真実を滅ぼす
文化を滅ぼす
精神を滅ぼす

بدايات محادثة

"歴史上の人物で、国を滅ぼした人は誰だと思いますか？"

"身を滅ぼすような悪い習慣はありますか？"

"どうすれば人類は自分たちを滅ぼさずに済むでしょうか？"

"アニメで世界を滅ぼそうとする悪役は誰が好きですか？"

"環境を滅ぼさないために、私たちは何をすべきですか？"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

もし自分が世界を滅ぼす力を持っていたら、どうしますか？

「身を滅ぼす」という言葉を聞いて、どんな状況を想像しますか？

歴史の中で、一つの文明が滅ぼされた理由について書いてください。

自分を滅ぼさないために、大切にしている習慣は何ですか？

「怒りは自分を滅ぼす」という言葉について、あなたの考えを書いてください。

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, 'horobosu' is too dramatic. Use 'kowasu' for physical objects like toys.

'Hakai suru' is physical destruction. 'Horobosu' is the total ruin or extinction of an entity.

Mostly in the phrase '身を滅ぼす' (to ruin oneself) regarding bad habits.

Yes, it usually appears at the N2 or N1 level.

Use the passive: 'Sekai ga horobosareta' or the intransitive 'Sekai ga horobita'.

Almost never. It is inherently negative as it implies ruin.

It means to ruin your health, social standing, and future through bad choices.

Yes, it shares a root related to things falling or crumbling.

You can, but 'tsubusu' is more common for companies.

It is a standard verb, but because it's strong, use it with care.

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