B1 verb محايد 2 دقيقة للقراءة

怒鳴る

donaru donaru
تدرّب عليها

Overview

The Japanese verb '怒鳴る' (どなる - donaru) carries the meaning of 'to shout,' 'to yell,' or 'to speak loudly in anger.' It's a powerful and often emotionally charged word that implies a forceful vocalization, usually stemming from frustration, anger, or strong disapproval. Unlike simply 'to speak loudly' (大声を出す - oogoe o dasu), '怒鳴る' specifically conveys an aggressive or scolding tone.

Grammatically, '怒鳴る' is a regular 'ru-verb' (一段動詞 - ichidan doushi), which means its conjugation follows a predictable pattern. For instance, the ます (masu) form is '怒鳴ります' (donarimasu), the て (te) form is '怒鳴って' (donatte), and the past tense is '怒鳴った' (donatta). It can be used transitively or intransitively, though it's more commonly used intransitively, focusing on the act of shouting itself.

Context is crucial when understanding and using '怒鳴る.' Imagine a parent scolding a child: 「親が子供を怒鳴った。」 (Oya ga kodomo o donatta.) - “The parent yelled at the child.” Or a boss expressing extreme displeasure: 「上司は部下を怒鳴りつけた。」 (Joushi wa buka o donaritsuketa.) - “The boss yelled at his subordinate.” The addition of 'つける' (tsukeru) as a suffix, forming '怒鳴りつける,' often intensifies the meaning, suggesting a more forceful and directed scolding.

Culturally, public displays of anger, including yelling, are generally frowned upon in Japan, as harmony (和 - wa) is highly valued. Therefore, '怒鳴る' often carries a negative connotation and suggests a loss of composure. It's a word used to describe an action that is typically seen as impolite or even unprofessional.

While '怒鳴る' specifically implies anger, there are other words for speaking loudly. '叫ぶ' (さけぶ - sakebu) means 'to shout' or 'to cry out,' but it doesn't necessarily imply anger; it could be a cry for help or a joyful shout. '大声を出す' (おおごえをだす - oogoe o dasu) simply means 'to speak in a loud voice' without any inherent emotional implication. Therefore, when you want to specifically convey the act of shouting out of anger or strong emotion, '怒鳴る' is the most appropriate and precise term.

أمثلة

1

頭にきて、つい大声で怒鳴ってしまった。

A person regretting losing their temper.

I got angry and ended up shouting.

2

彼はいつも部下を怒鳴りつけている。

Describing someone who frequently shouts at others.

He is always yelling at his subordinates.

3

子供が危険なことをしたので、思わず怒鳴ってしまった。

A parent reacting to a child's dangerous behavior.

Because the child did something dangerous, I instinctively yelled.

4

先生は、生徒の騒がしさに怒鳴り声を上げた。

A teacher scolding noisy students.

The teacher raised his voice and yelled at the students' noisiness.

5

試合中、監督が選手たちを怒鳴り激励した。

A coach trying to motivate a team.

During the game, the coach yelled to encourage the players.

تلازمات شائعة

怒鳴りつける
怒鳴り散らす
雷のように怒鳴る
一喝する

يُخلط عادةً مع

怒鳴る مقابل 怒る

To get angry, to be angry

怒鳴る مقابل 叫ぶ

To shout, to cry out (general)

أنماط نحوية

人に怒鳴る (to shout at someone) 大声で怒鳴る (to yell in a loud voice) 〜と怒鳴る (to shout that...)

كيفية الاستخدام

ملاحظات الاستخدام

The verb '怒鳴る' (donaru) specifically means 'to shout' or 'to yell' in a context of anger, frustration, or strong emotion, often involving a raised voice and aggressive tone. It implies a forceful and often intimidating vocal expression. It is distinct from simply speaking loudly (e.g., 'ookoe o dasu' for speaking loudly to be heard) or cheering ('osei o ageru'). When using 'donaru', it's important to convey the underlying emotion of anger. For example, '彼は怒鳴った' (Kare wa donatta) means 'He shouted/yelled (in anger)'. It can also be used in passive constructions, such as '上司に怒鳴られた' (Joushi ni donarareta) meaning 'I was yelled at by my boss'. The nuance of 'donaru' is almost always negative, suggesting an aggressive or impolite act. It is rarely used in a positive or neutral context.

أخطاء شائعة

Some learners might confuse 怒鳴る (donaru) with 叫ぶ (sakebu), which also means 'to shout' or 'to cry out.' However, 怒鳴る specifically implies shouting in anger or in a scolding manner, while 叫ぶ can be a neutral shout (e.g., shouting for help, shouting with joy). Another common mistake is mispronouncing the 'u' at the end; it's often a short, almost silent 'u' sound rather than a fully pronounced 'oo' sound. Ensure the emphasis is on the 'do' and 'na' syllables.

نصائح

💡

Usage Tip

'怒鳴る' (donaru) is often used when someone is raising their voice in anger or frustration. It implies a loud, forceful, and often aggressive manner of speaking. It's more intense than simply 'to speak loudly' and carries the connotation of expressing strong negative emotions.

💡

Common Mistakes/Nuances

Don't confuse '怒鳴る' with simply speaking loudly due to excitement or to be heard over noise. '怒鳴る' specifically implies anger or scolding. While someone might be speaking loudly, if there's no underlying anger, '大声で話す' (ōgoe de hanasu - to speak in a loud voice) would be more appropriate.

💡

Example Sentences

1. 彼は部下に怒鳴った。(Kare wa buka ni donatta.) - He yelled at his subordinate. 2. 先生が生徒に怒鳴った。(Sensei ga seito ni donatta.) - The teacher yelled at the student. 3. 彼女は怒って私に怒鳴った。(Kanojo wa okotte watashi ni donatta.) - She got angry and yelled at me.

أصل الكلمة

The Japanese verb '怒鳴る' (donaru), meaning 'to shout, to yell; to speak loudly in anger,' is formed from two main components: '怒る' (okoru), meaning 'to get angry, to be angry,' and '鳴る' (naru), meaning 'to sound, to ring, to echo.' Let's break down the etymology and historical development: 1. 怒 (do/ikari/oko-ru): Anger * The character 怒 (do, ikari, oko-ru) fundamentally represents anger or rage. Its ancient form in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions depicted a heart (心) being struck or a person with a bulging vein on their head, symbolizing a physical manifestation of intense emotion. Over time, its meaning solidified to denote the emotion of anger. * The verb '怒る' (okoru) existed independently in classical Japanese with the meaning of becoming angry or being in a state of anger. 2. 鳴 (naru): Sound/Ring * The character 鳴 (naru) primarily means 'to sound,' 'to ring,' 'to cry (of animals),' or 'to make a sound.' Its form often includes the radical 口 (kuchi), meaning 'mouth,' emphasizing vocalization or sound production. * The verb '鳴る' (naru) has a long history in Japanese, referring to the production of sound by various things, from bells ringing to birds chirping. 3. Combination: 怒鳴る (donaru) * The combination of '怒る' (okoru, where the 'o' becomes 'do' due to sound change/rendaku) and '鳴る' (naru) creates a compound verb that specifically describes the act of making a loud sound *because of anger*. * This type of compound formation, where a verb describing an emotion or state is combined with a verb describing an action (especially a vocal one), is common in Japanese to create more nuanced meanings. * The 'do' sound in 'donaru' is a result of *rendaku* (連濁), a phonological phenomenon in Japanese where the initial consonant of the second element of a compound word becomes voiced. 'Naru' becomes 'dō-naru' or 'do-naru' when preceded by certain unvoiced sounds like 'o' from 'okoru.' Historical Usage: * While it's difficult to pinpoint the exact first usage, the concept of expressing anger through loud vocalization is ancient. Compound verbs like 'donaru' likely emerged during the classical or early medieval periods of Japanese, as the language developed more complex ways to describe actions and emotions. * The term implies a forceful, often aggressive, vocal expression motivated by anger, distinguishing it from simply 'speaking loudly' (大声を出す - ōgoe o dasu) or 'shouting in general' (叫ぶ - sakebu). In essence, '怒鳴る' literally translates to something like 'to sound angrily' or 'to make an angry sound,' capturing both the emotional state and the vocal action in a single, powerful verb.

السياق الثقافي

In Japanese culture, direct confrontation and overt expressions of anger, such as shouting or yelling ('donaru'), are generally viewed negatively and are often avoided. Maintaining harmony (wa) and showing respect for others, even in disagreements, is highly valued. Public displays of anger can be seen as a loss of self-control and can cause embarrassment or discomfort for those around. While 'donaru' can occur, it's often associated with a breakdown in communication or a significant breach of social etiquette. In more formal or professional settings, raising one's voice in anger is particularly frowned upon and can damage one's reputation. Instead, indirect communication, subtle hints, or discussions in private are preferred methods for addressing conflict or expressing strong feelings.

نصيحة للحفظ

Visualize someone 'do-naru-ing' (like 'donkey' sounds) loudly in anger. Imagine a donkey braying very loudly.

الأسئلة الشائعة

4 أسئلة

'怒鳴る' (donaru) means to shout, to yell, or to speak loudly in anger. It implies a forceful and often aggressive tone of voice.

Sure. '彼は怒って大声で怒鳴った。' (Kare wa okotte oogoe de donatta.) This translates to 'He got angry and yelled loudly.' Another example: '先生が生徒に怒鳴る。' (Sensei ga seito ni donaru.) which means 'The teacher yells at the student.'

Yes, '怒鳴る' specifically conveys anger or strong displeasure. While it can simply mean to speak loudly, the underlying emotion of anger is almost always present. It's stronger and more negative than just 'saying loudly' (大声で言う - oogoe de iu).

Some related words include '叫ぶ' (sakebu - to shout or cry out, can be for various emotions), '怒る' (okoru - to get angry), and '大声を出す' (oogoe o dasu - to raise one's voice, to shout). However, '怒鳴る' is unique in its emphasis on angry shouting.

اختبر نفسك

fill blank

A: 電車の中で___のはやめなさい。 B: ごめんなさい、お母さん。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
fill blank

先生が生徒に___のを聞いた。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
fill blank

彼は怒って、私に___始めた。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:

النتيجة: /3

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