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A1 noun #3,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 4 دقيقة للقراءة

방학

banghak
At the A1 level, you only need to know that '방학' means 'school vacation.' You should be able to recognize it in simple sentences like '방학이 좋아요' (I like vacation) or '여름방학' (summer vacation). Focus on the fact that it is for students. You might hear your teacher say it when school is about to end for the season. It is a noun, and you can use it with '-에' to say 'during vacation.'
At the A2 level, you should distinguish between '여름방학' (summer) and '겨울방학' (winter). You should be able to use verbs like '방학을 하다' (to start vacation) and '방학을 보내다' (to spend vacation). You can also start using it in basic past tense sentences, such as '방학에 뭐 했어요?' (What did you do during vacation?). You should also know the difference between '방학' and '휴가' (work vacation).
At the B1 level, you can discuss plans and intentions using '방학.' You might use structures like '방학 동안' (during the vacation period) or '방학이 되자마자' (as soon as vacation started). You should understand the cultural context of '방학 숙제' (vacation homework) and how students often attend academies. You can describe your experiences during vacation in more detail using various adjectives.
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '방학' in more complex grammatical structures, such as '방학을 맞아' (on the occasion of vacation). You can discuss the pros and cons of long vacations versus shorter, more frequent breaks. You should also understand related terms like '방학식' (closing ceremony) and '개학' (start of school after vacation). Your vocabulary should include idiomatic expressions related to rest and planning.
At the C1 level, you can use '방학' in academic or professional discussions about education policy. For example, discussing how the '방학 기간' affects the achievement gap among students. You should understand the nuance of Hanja (放學) and how it relates to other words in the '학' (learning) family. You can express subtle feelings about the transition from school to vacation using advanced descriptive verbs.
At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of '방학.' You can analyze the word's usage in literature or news reports. You understand the societal implications of '방학' in Korea, such as the 'vacation poverty' (방학 중 결식아동) where children who rely on school meals go hungry. You can debate the historical evolution of the Korean academic calendar and its impact on the word's usage.
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

방학 في 30 ثانية

  • 방학 refers specifically to school vacations for students and teachers.
  • It comes from Hanja meaning 'releasing school' (放學).
  • There are two main types: 여름방학 (Summer) and 겨울방학 (Winter).
  • Do not use it for work vacations; use '휴가' instead.

The Korean word 방학 (Bang-hak) is a foundational noun in the Korean language, primarily used to describe the scheduled break periods in the academic calendar. Derived from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters), it literally translates to 'releasing' or 'stopping' school. Unlike the general English word 'vacation,' which can apply to work, travel, or school, 방학 is strictly reserved for educational institutions—from elementary schools to universities.

放 (방)- To release / To let go
This character implies a temporary cessation of formal duties or a release from the daily grind of attendance.
學 (학)- Learning / School
This refers to the academic environment and the process of formal study.

"이번 방학에 뭐 할 거예요?"

— "What are you going to do this vacation?"

In the Korean context, the academic year begins in March. Therefore, the two primary breaks are 여름방학 (Summer Vacation) and 겨울방학 (Winter Vacation). There is also a shorter break in February called 봄방학 (Spring Vacation), which occurs between the end of the second semester and the start of the new academic year. Understanding this word is crucial because it dictates the rhythm of life for millions of students and families in Korea.

"드디어 방학이 시작되었어요!"

"Finally, the vacation has started!"

Usage Scope
Students (Student-only)
Usage Scope
Teachers (Faculty-only)
Opposite Scope
Office Workers (Use '휴가' instead)

Using 방학 correctly involves pairing it with specific verbs that describe the state or action of the vacation. Because it is a noun, it often takes particles like -이/가 (subject) or -을/를 (object).

  • 방학을 하다: Literally 'to do vacation.' This is the most common way to say a school has started its break.
  • 방학을 보내다: To spend the vacation. (e.g., 방학을 즐겁게 보내세요 - Have a fun vacation).
  • 방학이 끝나다: The vacation ends.

"내일부터 방학이라서 학교에 안 가요."

"Since it's vacation from tomorrow, I don't go to school."

When talking about specific durations, you use the word 기간 (period). For example, 방학 기간 refers to the 'vacation period.' If you want to specify the type of vacation, simply prefix it: 여름 (Summer) + 방학 = 여름방학.

Common Verb Pair 1
방학을 맞이하다 (To welcome/greet the vacation)
Common Verb Pair 2
방학이 다가오다 (Vacation is approaching)

You will encounter 방학 in various social and media contexts in Korea. It is a word that carries a sense of excitement for students and a sense of logistical planning for parents.

1. In Schools

Teachers will announce the start of the break during the '종업식' (closing ceremony). You'll hear phrases like "건강한 방학 보내세요" (Have a healthy vacation).

2. In Daily Conversation

Friends ask each other about their plans. It's a major topic of small talk from June to July and December to January. "방학 계획 세웠어?" (Did you make vacation plans?).

"이번 겨울방학은 유난히 짧은 것 같아요."

"This winter vacation feels exceptionally short."

3. In Media and K-Dramas

Coming-of-age dramas often use the transition to or from 방학 as a plot device to show character growth or a change in scenery (like a trip to the countryside).

The most frequent error for English speakers is using 방학 to describe a vacation from work. This is a significant lexical distinction in Korean.

  • Mistake: An office worker saying "다음 주부터 방학이에요."
    Correction: Use "다음 주부터 휴가예요." (휴가 = leave/vacation for workers).
  • Mistake: Using '방학' for a single day off.
    Correction: Use 공휴일 (public holiday) or 쉬는 날 (day off).

Another mistake is confusing 방학 with 휴강. While '방학' is the entire seasonal break, '휴강' is when a specific university class is cancelled for a day.

"직장인은 방학이 아니라 휴가를 가요."

"Office workers go on 'hyuga', not 'banghak'."

To enrich your vocabulary, it's helpful to compare 방학 with related terms for 'rest' or 'breaks'.

휴가 (Hyu-ga)
Vacation for employees or military personnel. It is usually requested and approved rather than being a fixed schedule for everyone.
연휴 (Yeon-hyu)
Consecutive holidays (e.g., a 3-day weekend or Chuseok break). This applies to everyone, regardless of occupation.
휴식 (Hyu-sik)
A short rest or break during an activity (like a 10-minute break between study sessions).
방학식 (Bang-hak-sik)
The ceremony held on the last day of school before the vacation starts.

"방학은 길지만 휴가는 짧아요."

"School vacations are long, but work vacations are short."

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

""

غير رسمي

""

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

방학이 왔어요.

Vacation has come.

Subject particle -이 used.

2

여름방학은 더워요.

Summer vacation is hot.

Topic particle -은 used.

3

방학에 바다에 가요.

I go to the sea during vacation.

Time particle -에 used.

4

방학이 정말 짧아요.

The vacation is really short.

Adverb '정말' used for emphasis.

5

내일부터 방학이에요.

It is vacation from tomorrow.

Polite ending -이에요.

6

방학 숙제가 많아요.

There is a lot of vacation homework.

Noun + Noun compound.

7

즐거운 방학 보내세요!

Have a pleasant vacation!

Imperative -세요.

8

저는 방학이 좋아요.

I like vacation.

Object-like subject with '좋다'.

1

방학 동안 여행을 갈 거예요.

I will go on a trip during vacation.

Future tense -을 거예요.

2

겨울방학에는 스키를 타요.

I ski during winter vacation.

Contrastive particle -에는.

3

방학이 언제 시작해요?

When does the vacation start?

Interrogative '언제'.

4

이번 방학은 집에서 쉴 거예요.

I will rest at home this vacation.

Place particle -에서.

5

방학이라서 학교가 조용해요.

Because it's vacation, the school is quiet.

Causal connective -(이)라서.

6

방학 때 친구를 만났어요.

I met a friend during vacation.

Time marker '때'.

7

방학이 끝나서 슬퍼요.

I'm sad because vacation ended.

Causal connective -아서.

8

방학 계획을 세우고 있어요.

I am making vacation plans.

Progressive -고 있다.

1

방학이 되면 고향에 내려가곤 해요.

When vacation comes, I usually go down to my hometown.

Habitual action -곤 하다.

2

방학을 이용해서 운전 면허를 땄어요.

I got my driver's license using the vacation time.

-을 이용해서 (using...).

3

방학인데도 학원에 다녀야 해요.

Even though it's vacation, I have to go to the academy.

Concessive -ㄴ데도.

4

이번 방학의 목표는 운동이에요.

The goal of this vacation is exercise.

Genitive particle -의.

5

방학이 시작되자마자 여행을 떠났어요.

As soon as vacation started, I left for a trip.

-자마자 (as soon as).

6

방학 동안 한국어 실력을 키우고 싶어요.

I want to improve my Korean skills during vacation.

Desire -고 싶다.

7

방학이 벌써 반이나 지났어요.

Half of the vacation has already passed.

Particle -이나 for emphasis.

8

선생님, 방학 잘 보내셨어요?

Teacher, did you have a good vacation?

Honorific -시-.

1

방학을 맞아 다양한 특별 프로그램이 열립니다.

On the occasion of vacation, various special programs are being held.

-을 맞아 (on the occasion of).

2

방학 기간을 어떻게 활용하느냐가 중요해요.

How you utilize the vacation period is important.

-느냐가 (indirect question as subject).

3

방학이라고 해서 마냥 놀 수만은 없어요.

Just because it's vacation doesn't mean I can just play.

-ㄴ다고 해서 (just because...).

4

방학이 다가올수록 학생들의 기대감이 커져요.

The closer vacation gets, the more students' expectations grow.

-을수록 (the more...).

5

이번 방학에는 아르바이트를 해 볼 생각이에요.

I'm thinking of trying a part-time job this vacation.

-을 생각이다 (plan to).

6

방학은 자기 계발을 위한 좋은 기회입니다.

Vacation is a good opportunity for self-development.

-을 위한 (for the purpose of).

7

방학이 끝나기 무섭게 시험 공부를 시작했어요.

As soon as vacation ended, I started studying for exams.

-기 무섭게 (immediately after).

8

방학 동안의 경험이 큰 도움이 되었어요.

The experiences during vacation were a big help.

Noun + 동안의 (modifying experience).

1

방학 기간의 단축은 학생들의 학습 부담을 가중시킬 수 있다.

Shortening the vacation period can increase the learning burden on students.

Formal/Written style.

2

방학 중에도 돌봄 교실은 운영되어야 합니다.

Care classes must be operated even during vacation.

Passive voice '운영되다'.

3

방학을 일종의 재충전 시간으로 여겨야 합니다.

Vacation should be considered a kind of recharging time.

-으로 여기다 (consider as).

4

방학이 주는 해방감은 이루 말할 수 없습니다.

The sense of liberation that vacation gives is beyond words.

Idiomatic '이루 말할 수 없다'.

5

방학을 틈타 성형 수술을 하는 학생들이 늘고 있다.

The number of students getting plastic surgery taking advantage of vacation is increasing.

-을 틈타 (taking advantage of).

6

방학의 교육적 가치에 대해 재조명할 필요가 있다.

There is a need to re-examine the educational value of vacation.

Academic vocabulary '재조명'.

7

방학은 단순히 쉬는 것이 아니라 새로운 경험의 장이다.

Vacation is not just resting, but a field for new experiences.

A-이/가 아니라 B (not A but B).

8

방학 동안 벌어진 격차를 줄이는 것이 과제입니다.

Reducing the gap that occurred during vacation is the task.

Relative clause '벌어진'.

1

방학이라는 제도적 장치가 학생의 정서 발달에 미치는 영향은 지대하다.

The impact of the institutional mechanism called 'vacation' on students' emotional development is immense.

Highly formal '지대하다'.

2

방학의 본질적 의미가 퇴색되어 가는 현실이 안타깝다.

It is regrettable that the essential meaning of vacation is fading away.

-어 가다 (gradual change).

3

방학 중 결식아동 문제는 우리 사회가 해결해야 할 시급한 사안이다.

The issue of undernourished children during vacation is an urgent matter our society must solve.

Sociopolitical context.

4

방학을 기점으로 학원가는 다시금 활기를 띤다.

With vacation as a starting point, the academy districts become lively once again.

-을 기점으로 (starting from).

5

방학은 공교육의 공백기가 아니라 보완기가 되어야 한다.

Vacation should not be a gap in public education but a complementary period.

Contrastive nouns '공백기' vs '보완기'.

6

방학의 장기화가 가계 경제에 미치는 부담을 간과해서는 안 된다.

The burden that prolonged vacations place on household finances should not be overlooked.

-해서는 안 된다 (must not).

7

방학은 학생들에게 자율적 학습 역량을 기를 수 있는 최적의 시기이다.

Vacation is the optimal time for students to develop autonomous learning capabilities.

Advanced noun '역량'.

8

방학을 둘러싼 사회적 담론은 교육 철학의 차이를 극명하게 보여준다.

The social discourse surrounding vacation clearly shows the differences in educational philosophy.

-을 둘러싼 (surrounding).

تلازمات شائعة

방학을 하다
방학을 보내다
방학이 시작되다
방학이 끝나다
방학 계획
방학 숙제
여름 방학
겨울 방학
방학 기간
방학 특강

العبارات الشائعة

방학 잘 보내세요

방학 때 뭐 해요?

벌써 방학이에요

방학이 기다려져요

방학이 너무 짧아요

방학 동안 여행 가요

방학 아르바이트

방학 숙제 다 했어?

내일부터 방학이다!

방학이 끝나가요

يُخلط عادةً مع

방학 vs 휴가 (Work vacation)

방학 vs 휴일 (Holiday/Day off)

방학 vs 휴강 (Class cancellation)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

سهل الخلط

방학 vs 휴가

Used for employees/workers.

방학 vs 방종

Sounds similar but means self-indulgence/licentiousness.

방학 vs 개학

The opposite; the start of school.

방학 vs 학기

The semester itself, not the break.

방학 vs 연휴

Consecutive holidays for everyone.

أنماط الجُمل

عائلة الكلمة

مرتبط

كيفية الاستخدام

Teachers

Teachers also use '방학' because they follow the school schedule.

School-only

Never use this for your job vacation.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using '방학' for a company vacation.
  • Saying '방학을 가다' instead of '방학을 하다' or '여행을 가다'.
  • Confusing '방학' (vacation) with '개학' (start of school).
  • Forgetting the time particle '-에' when saying 'on vacation'.
  • Misspelling it as '방확'.

نصائح

Prefixes

Add '여름' (summer) or '겨울' (winter) to be specific.

Hagwons

Many students study more during vacation than during the semester.

Particles

Use '방학에' for 'during vacation' most of the time.

Greetings

Say '방학 잘 보내세요' to students before a break.

Context

If you hear '방학', the speaker is likely a student, teacher, or parent.

Diary

Writing a '방학 일기' is a common childhood memory in Korea.

Prices

Flights and hotels are more expensive during '방학' seasons.

Small Talk

Asking about vacation plans is a great icebreaker.

Hanja

Remembering '학' (learning) helps you connect it to other school words.

Work

Avoid using '방학' if you are talking about your corporate job.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

放 (release) + 學 (learning). Historically meant letting students go home for a break.

السياق الثقافي

Traditional '방학 숙제' often included keeping a diary (일기 쓰기).

University vacations are much longer than K-12 vacations, often 2-3 months.

Winter vacation is usually longer than summer vacation in Korea, often lasting from late December to early February.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"이번 방학 계획이 뭐예요?"

"방학 동안 어디에 가고 싶어요?"

"가장 기억에 남는 방학은 언제였어요?"

"방학 숙제 하는 거 좋아했어요?"

"방학이 너무 짧다고 생각하지 않아요?"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

나의 꿈같은 방학 계획에 대해 써 보세요.

지난 방학에 했던 일 중 가장 즐거웠던 일은 무엇인가요?

방학 동안 꼭 이루고 싶은 목표 세 가지를 적어 보세요.

방학이 없는 삶은 어떨지 상상해 보세요.

한국의 방학 문화에 대해 어떻게 생각하나요?

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, you should use '휴가' for work. '방학' is only for school contexts.

Usually from late July to late August.

Usually from late December to late January or early February.

Yes, '봄방학' is usually a short break in February before the new school year starts in March.

Yes, and their vacations are typically much longer than those of younger students.

It is homework given to students to complete during their vacation.

It is the ceremony held on the last day of school before vacation begins.

Not directly, but you use '방학을 하다'.

Yes, teachers have the same vacation period as students, though they may have administrative duties.

You say '방학이 끝났어요'.

اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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