독하다 في 30 ثانية
- 독하다 means strong or potent, especially for alcohol and medicine.
- It describes a high concentration or powerful effect.
- Can also refer to strong tastes, smells, or unyielding personalities.
- Use for potency, not general strength.
The Korean adjective "독하다" (dokhada) is used to describe something that is strong, potent, or intense. This intensity can apply to various things, but it's most commonly associated with liquids like alcohol or medicine, and sometimes with strong flavors or even personalities. When you say something is '독하다', you're highlighting its powerful effect or concentration.
- Common Uses
- 1. Alcohol: Describing a strong alcoholic drink that has a powerful effect. E.g., "This soju is really 독하다." (이 소주는 정말 독하다.)
- 2. Medicine: Referring to medicine that is very strong, often implying a potent effect or a strong taste/smell. E.g., "This cold medicine is quite 독하다." (이 감기약은 꽤 독하다.)
- 3. Flavors: Sometimes used for very strong, pungent, or bitter tastes. E.g., "The coffee is too 독하다 for me." (커피가 나에게는 너무 독하다.)
- 4. Personalities (less common for A2): Can describe someone with a very strong, unyielding, or even harsh personality. E.g., "He has a 독하다 personality." (그는 독한 성격을 가지고 있다.)
This medicine tastes very 독하다.
The alcohol was so 독하다 that I couldn't drink much.
- Nuances
- While '독하다' often implies a strong effect, it can sometimes suggest a harsh or unpleasant strength, especially when referring to flavors or personalities. However, for alcohol or medicine, it's more neutral and simply describes potency.
This herbal tea is quite 독하다.
Understanding '독하다' requires considering the context. For instance, if someone says a drink is '독하다', they might be impressed by its strength or warning you about its potency. If medicine is '독하다', it suggests it's a powerful remedy but might have a strong taste. The key is the idea of a concentrated, potent effect.
Using "독하다" (dokhada) in sentences is straightforward once you grasp its core meaning of strength or potency. It functions as an adjective, modifying nouns or describing the state of something. Here's how to integrate it effectively:
- Basic Structure
- The most common structure is Noun + 이/가 + 독하다 or Noun + 은/는 + 독하다.
This medicine is 독하다.
- Modifying Nouns
- You can also use it to modify nouns directly by changing it to its attributive form, 독한. This form comes before the noun it describes.
I drank a 독한 liquor.
This is a 독한 medicine.
- Adding Context
- You can combine '독하다' with other grammatical structures to express more complex ideas. For instance, you can use it with adverbs like '정말' (really) or '너무' (too) to emphasize the degree of strength.
This whiskey is really 독하다.
The smell of this herb is too 독하다 for me.
- Expressing Effects
- You can also link the strength of something to its effect using structures like '-아/어서' (because/so).
Because the alcohol was 독해서, I got dizzy quickly.
Practicing with these sentence structures will help you internalize the usage of '독하다'. Remember to pay attention to the context to understand whether the strength is perceived positively, negatively, or neutrally.
You'll encounter "독하다" (dokhada) in a variety of everyday Korean situations, especially when discussing certain consumables or strong substances. Here are the most common places you'll hear it:
- Bars and Restaurants
- When ordering or discussing alcoholic beverages, especially stronger ones like soju, makgeolli (traditional rice wine), or various distilled spirits. Bartenders might recommend a '독한 술' (strong alcohol) if you ask for something potent, or patrons might comment on how '독하다' a particular drink is.
This soju is very 독하다. Be careful!
- Pharmacies and Hospitals
- When discussing medicine, especially prescription drugs or traditional Korean herbal remedies (한약 - hanyak). People might describe a medicine as '독하다' if it has a very strong effect, a potent smell, or a bitter taste. Pharmacists might also use it to explain the strength of a particular medication.
My doctor gave me a 독한 medicine for my cough.
- Kitchens and Food Discussions
- While less common than alcohol or medicine, '독하다' can be used to describe very strong flavors, such as extremely bitter coffee, intensely spicy food, or pungent ingredients. It emphasizes a powerful sensory experience.
This kimchi has a very 독한 taste.
- Conversations about Health
- When people discuss their health, remedies, or treatments, '독하다' might come up to describe the intensity of a particular treatment or substance they are using or considering.
Traditional herbal medicine can be quite 독하다.
Listening to native speakers in these contexts will significantly improve your understanding and natural usage of '독하다'. It's a word that adds a vivid description of strength and potency to everyday conversations.
Learners of Korean might make a few common mistakes when using "독하다" (dokhada). Understanding these pitfalls can help you use the word more accurately:
- Mistake 1: Overusing for General 'Strong'
- Error: Using '독하다' to describe any kind of 'strong', like a strong wind, a strong person (in terms of physical strength), or a strong opinion, when other words would be more appropriate.
- Explanation: '독하다' specifically refers to potency, intensity, or a powerful effect, usually related to taste, smell, or the physiological impact of substances. For general strength, words like '강하다' (ganghada - strong) are usually better. For example, you wouldn't say '바람이 독하다' (the wind is strong); you'd say '바람이 강하다'.
- Correct Usage: Use '독하다' for things like strong alcohol, potent medicine, or very strong flavors.
Incorrect: This is a 독한 opinion.
Correct: This is a strong opinion.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Harsh' or 'Cruel'
- Error: Assuming '독하다' always means something negative like harsh, cruel, or mean, and applying it inappropriately.
- Explanation: While '독하다' *can* sometimes describe a harsh personality or a severe situation, its primary meaning is potency. When used for alcohol or medicine, it's often neutral. If you use it to describe a person's general character without context, it might sound odd or imply a very specific, negative trait that isn't always intended.
- Correct Usage: Use '독하다' for personalities if you specifically mean they are unyielding, stubborn, or have a very strong will that might be perceived as harsh. For general negative traits, other adjectives are better.
Incorrect: He is a 독한 person.
Correct: He has a stern personality.
- Mistake 3: Incorrect Grammatical Form
- Error: Forgetting to change '독하다' to its attributive form '독한' when it modifies a noun.
- Explanation: When '독하다' directly precedes the noun it describes (like 'strong medicine'), it needs to change from its base form '독하다' to the attributive form '독한'.
- Correct Usage: Use '독한 약' (strong medicine), not '독하다 약'.
Incorrect: I need to take 독하다 medicine.
Correct: I need to take 독한 medicine.
By being mindful of these common errors, you can ensure your use of '독하다' is accurate and natural-sounding.
While "독하다" (dokhada) is excellent for describing potency and strength, especially in liquids and medicines, other Korean words can convey similar or related meanings. Understanding these alternatives helps you choose the most precise word for your context.
- 1. 강하다 (ganghada)
- Meaning: Strong, powerful, intense (general use).
- Difference from 독하다: '강하다' is a much broader term for strength. It can describe physical strength, mental strength, strong emotions, strong weather, strong flavors, etc. '독하다' is more specific to potency, often implying a chemical or physiological effect, or a very concentrated flavor/smell.
- Usage Example:
- - This coffee is strong. (이 커피는 강하다.) - Could be flavor or caffeine.
- - This soju is potent. (이 소주는 독하다.) - Specifically refers to alcohol content/effect.
- 2. 진하다 (jinhada)
- Meaning: Thick, rich, deep, concentrated (often for color, flavor, or scent).
- Difference from 독하다: '진하다' focuses on concentration and richness. While a concentrated flavor can be '독하다', '진하다' is more about the depth and intensity of the flavor or color itself, not necessarily its potent effect. For example, dark coffee can be '진하다' (rich/dark) and also '독하다' (strong/potent).
- Usage Example:
- - The color of this ink is deep. (이 잉크 색깔은 진하다.)
- - This tea is rich and potent. (이 차는 진하고 독하다.)
- 3. 매섭다 (maeseopda)
- Meaning: Fierce, sharp, severe, biting (often for weather, criticism, or a stern look/personality).
- Difference from 독하다: '매섭다' describes a harsh or intense quality that can be unpleasant or intimidating. It's often used for things that sting or attack, like a biting wind or sharp criticism. While '독하다' can sometimes imply harshness, '매섭다' is more directly about severity and impact that can cause discomfort.
- Usage Example:
- - The winter wind is biting. (겨울 바람이 매섭다.)
- - His criticism was harsh. (그의 비판은 매서웠다.)
- 4. 독한 냄새 (dokhan naemsae) / 독한 맛 (dokhan mat)
- Meaning: A strong/pungent smell; a strong/bitter taste.
- Difference from 독하다: These are common collocations where '독하다' is used as an adjective directly modifying 'smell' or 'taste'. While you could say '냄새가 독하다' (the smell is strong/pungent), using the compound form is very natural and common.
Mastering these nuances will allow you to express yourself with greater precision and fluency in Korean.
How Formal Is It?
حقيقة ممتعة
The character '毒' (dok) in Hanja (Chinese characters used in Korean) also means poison. This shared root highlights the ancient connection between the concepts of strong potency and potential harm across East Asian languages.
دليل النطق
- Pronouncing the 'd' in '독' too strongly as an English 'd'. It's softer, more like a 't'.
- Not aspirating the 'h' in '하다' enough, making it sound like 'ada' instead of 'hada'.
- Confusing the vowel sounds, especially the 'o' in '독' and the 'a' sounds.
مستوى الصعوبة
The word '독하다' itself is relatively simple to understand, especially in its common contexts like alcohol and medicine. However, its nuances and extended meanings (e.g., harsh personality, intense criticism) can make reading comprehension slightly more challenging, requiring contextual understanding. Texts discussing potent substances or strong opinions will utilize it.
Producing accurate sentences with '독하다' requires understanding its specific contexts and grammatical forms (like the attributive '독한' and the adverbial '독하게'). Avoiding overuse for general 'strong' and correctly applying it to potency, taste, smell, or resolve is key.
Pronunciation is straightforward, but using '독하다' naturally in conversation involves choosing the right context. Learners need to be confident in its primary meanings before attempting more nuanced applications. It's common in casual conversation about drinks or medicine.
Recognizing '독하다' when spoken is generally easy due to its distinct sound. Understanding the context, however, is crucial to grasp whether it refers to alcohol, medicine, a strong flavor, or a personality trait.
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Adjective conjugation: Base form '독하다' to attributive form '독한'.
독한 술 (strong alcohol), 독한 약 (strong medicine).
Using '-아/어서' for cause and effect.
술이 독해서 금방 취했다. (The alcohol was strong, so I got drunk quickly.)
Using adverbs like '너무' (too) or '좀' (somewhat) with adjectives.
이 커피는 너무 독하다. (This coffee is too strong.) 냄새가 좀 독해요. (The smell is a bit strong.)
Using '-네(요)' for mild exclamation or observation.
이 소주는 정말 독하네요! (This soju is really strong!)
Forming compound nouns with '독'.
독주 (strong liquor), 독약 (poison).
أمثلة حسب المستوى
이 물은 독해요.
This water is strong.
술이 독해요.
The alcohol is strong.
약이 독해요.
The medicine is strong.
커피가 독해요.
The coffee is strong.
이것은 독한 술입니다.
This is a strong alcoholic drink.
독한 약을 먹었어요.
I took strong medicine.
이 향수는 너무 독해요.
This perfume is too strong.
맛이 독해요.
The taste is strong.
이 소주는 정말 독하네요.
This soju is really strong.
The ending -네요 adds a slight exclamation or observation.
감기약이 너무 독해서 잠이 와요.
The cold medicine is so strong that I feel sleepy.
Uses the -아/어서 structure to show cause and effect.
독한 술은 잘 못 마셔요.
I can't drink strong alcohol well.
'잘 못 ~' is used to express inability or difficulty.
이 음식은 냄새가 좀 독해요.
This food has a somewhat strong smell.
'좀' softens the statement slightly.
그 약은 효과가 독해서 금방 나았어요.
That medicine's effect was so strong that I recovered quickly.
Focuses on the strong 'effect' (효과).
어제 마신 술이 너무 독했어.
The alcohol I drank yesterday was too strong.
Past tense -었어 is informal.
이 커피는 너무 독해서 설탕을 많이 넣었어요.
This coffee is too strong, so I added a lot of sugar.
Shows a reaction to the strong taste.
독한 냄새가 나서 창문을 열었어요.
Because there was a strong smell, I opened the window.
Uses '독한 냄새' (strong smell) and -아/어서.
이 한약은 맛이 독하기로 유명해요.
This traditional herbal medicine is famous for its strong taste.
Uses '-기(로) 유명하다' (to be famous for).
너무 독한 술을 마시면 다음 날 머리가 아파요.
If you drink alcohol that is too strong, your head hurts the next day.
Uses conditional '-면' (if/when).
독한 농담은 듣는 사람을 불쾌하게 만들 수 있어요.
Harsh jokes can make the listener uncomfortable.
Here, '독한' refers to the harshness of a joke, extending beyond just substances.
이 살충제는 아주 독하니 사용할 때 주의해야 합니다.
This pesticide is very potent, so you must be careful when using it.
Formal ending -ㅂ니다, and '주의해야 합니다' (must be careful).
그의 비판은 너무 독해서 상처를 받았어요.
His criticism was so harsh that I was hurt.
Similar to the B1 example about jokes, '독하다' describes harsh criticism.
독한 마음을 먹고 이 일을 시작했어요.
I made up my mind with a strong resolve and started this work.
Idiomatic use: '독한 마음을 먹다' means to have a strong, unyielding resolve.
이 와인은 향이 진하고 맛이 독해서 특별해요.
This wine has a rich aroma and a strong taste, making it special.
Combines '진하다' (rich) and '독하다' (strong taste).
독한 연기는 건강에 해로울 수 있습니다.
Potent smoke can be harmful to health.
Refers to the harmful potency of smoke.
이 독한 술은 숙성 과정에서 특별한 풍미를 얻게 됩니다.
This potent liquor gains a special flavor during the aging process.
Uses a more formal and descriptive tone.
그의 냉정한 태도는 마치 얼음처럼 독하게 느껴졌다.
His cold attitude felt intensely harsh, like ice.
Uses a simile to describe the intensity of the attitude.
독한 약물은 신체에 심각한 부작용을 초래할 수 있으므로 전문가의 지시가 필수적입니다.
Potent drugs can cause severe side effects to the body, so expert guidance is essential.
Formal language, discussing serious medical implications.
그녀는 목표를 달성하기 위해 어떤 어려움에도 굴하지 않는 독한 의지를 가지고 있었다.
She possessed an unyielding will to achieve her goals, not yielding to any difficulty.
Focuses on the 'unyielding will' (독한 의지).
독한 화학 물질을 다룰 때는 반드시 보호 장비를 착용해야 합니다.
When handling potent chemical substances, you must wear protective gear.
Emphasizes safety precautions with potent substances.
그 배우의 연기는 너무나 독해서 관객들은 숨을 죽이고 몰입했다.
The actor's performance was so intensely powerful that the audience held their breath and were immersed.
Describes the powerful impact of an artistic performance.
독한 농담으로 분위기를 전환하려 했지만, 오히려 역효과를 냈다.
He tried to change the mood with a harsh joke, but it had the opposite effect.
Discusses the unintended negative consequences of a harsh joke.
이 지역의 술은 알코올 도수가 높아 매우 독한 편입니다.
The alcohol in this region has a high alcohol content, making it quite potent.
Specifically mentions alcohol content (알코올 도수).
현대 사회의 경쟁은 때로는 인간성을 잊게 할 만큼 독한 양상을 띠기도 한다.
The competition in modern society sometimes takes on a harsh aspect that makes one forget their humanity.
Abstract and philosophical usage, discussing societal aspects.
그는 정치적 야망을 실현하기 위해 수단과 방법을 가리지 않는 독한 인물이었다.
He was a ruthless individual who spared no means to realize his political ambitions.
Describes a person's ruthless nature in achieving goals.
이 독한 약물은 특정 질병 치료에 획기적인 효과를 보였지만, 심각한 윤리적 논쟁을 불러일으켰다.
This potent drug showed groundbreaking effects in treating a specific disease, but it sparked serious ethical debates.
Discusses the dual nature of potent substances (efficacy vs. ethics).
그의 연설은 듣는 이들의 마음을 파고드는 독한 직설 화법으로 청중을 사로잡았다.
His speech captivated the audience with its sharp, direct rhetoric that penetrated their hearts.
Describes a powerful and direct communication style.
독한 술에 취해 이성을 잃은 채 벌인 난동은 결국 법적 처벌을 받게 되었다.
The rampage caused by losing reason due to intoxication from potent alcohol eventually led to legal punishment.
Connects potent alcohol consumption with severe consequences.
환경 오염으로 인해 발생하는 독한 가스는 생태계에 치명적인 영향을 미친다.
Potent gases caused by environmental pollution have a fatal impact on ecosystems.
Discusses environmental hazards of potent substances.
그녀는 예술적 영감을 얻기 위해 세상의 부조리에 맞서는 독한 투쟁을 벌였다.
She waged a fierce struggle against the absurdities of the world to gain artistic inspiration.
Metaphorical use for a fierce, determined struggle.
독한 비판에 흔들리지 않고 자신의 신념을 굳건히 지키는 것이 진정한 용기이다.
True courage is to steadfastly uphold one's beliefs without being shaken by harsh criticism.
Contrasts harsh criticism with steadfast belief.
그 철학자의 사상은 기존의 관념을 뒤흔드는 독한 반향을 일으켰다.
The philosopher's ideas caused a potent reverberation that shook existing notions.
Highly abstract and metaphorical use for intellectual impact.
독한 권력욕은 종종 개인의 도덕성을 마비시키고 파멸로 이끈다.
Intense lust for power often paralyzes an individual's morality and leads to ruin.
Discusses the corrupting influence of intense ambition.
이 독한 시련 속에서도 희망의 끈을 놓지 않는 것이 인간 정신의 위대함이다.
It is the greatness of the human spirit to not let go of the thread of hope even amidst these severe trials.
Describes severe trials and the resilience of the human spirit.
그의 냉소적인 유머는 사회의 위선에 대한 독한 풍자를 담고 있었다.
His cynical humor contained a sharp satire of societal hypocrisy.
Describes sharp and biting satire.
독한 약물 남용은 개인의 삶뿐만 아니라 사회 전체에 깊은 상흔을 남긴다.
The abuse of potent drugs leaves deep scars not only on an individual's life but also on society as a whole.
Discusses the profound and lasting societal damage of drug abuse.
역사의 격랑 속에서 피어난 독한 저항 정신은 결국 자유를 쟁취하는 동력이 되었다.
The fierce spirit of resistance that bloomed amidst the turbulent waves of history eventually became the driving force for achieving freedom.
Describes a fierce and historically significant spirit of resistance.
그녀는 자신의 예술을 통해 세상의 추악함에 맞서는 독한 메시지를 전달했다.
Through her art, she delivered a potent message confronting the ugliness of the world.
Describes a powerful and confrontational artistic message.
독한 현실에 직면했을 때, 좌절하기보다는 그것을 극복하려는 의지가 중요하다.
When faced with a harsh reality, the will to overcome it is more important than succumbing to despair.
Emphasizes the importance of willpower in the face of harsh realities.
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
— The alcohol is strong.
이 소주는 술이 너무 독하다. (This soju's alcohol is too strong.)
— The medicine is strong/potent.
감기약이 독해서 금방 나을 것 같아요. (The cold medicine is strong, so I think I'll recover soon.)
— The taste is strong/bitter/pungent.
이 채소는 맛이 좀 독하다. (This vegetable has a somewhat strong/bitter taste.)
— The smell is strong/pungent.
화장실에서 독한 냄새가 났다. (A strong smell came from the restroom.)
— To make up one's mind with strong determination; to be resolute.
그는 어려운 목표를 위해 독한 마음을 먹었다. (He resolved himself with strong determination for the difficult goal.)
— A person who is unyielding, harsh, or ruthless.
그는 성공을 위해서라면 독한 사람도 될 수 있다. (He can become a ruthless person if it's for success.)
— To drink strong alcohol.
스트레스를 풀기 위해 독한 술을 마셨다. (I drank strong alcohol to relieve stress.)
— To take strong medicine.
의사의 지시에 따라 독한 약을 복용해야 합니다. (You must take the strong medicine according to the doctor's instructions.)
— Harsh or cutting words.
그녀는 나에게 독한 말을 서슴지 않았다. (She didn't hesitate to say harsh words to me.)
— A severe cold.
이번에 걸린 감기는 정말 독하다. (The cold I caught this time is really severe.)
يُخلط عادةً مع
'강하다' is a general term for 'strong'. '독하다' specifically implies potency, intensity, or a powerful effect, often with a chemical or physiological connotation. You wouldn't say '강한 술' if you mean it's high in alcohol content; you'd say '독한 술'.
'진하다' means 'rich', 'deep', or 'concentrated', often used for colors, flavors, or scents. While a concentrated flavor can be '독하다', '진하다' focuses on the depth and richness itself, not necessarily its potent effect.
'매섭다' means 'fierce', 'sharp', or 'severe', often used for weather or criticism. It implies a harsh or biting quality, which can overlap with '독하다' when describing personalities, but '독하다' is more about inherent potency.
تعبيرات اصطلاحية
— To make up one's mind with strong determination; to be resolute and unwavering in pursuing a goal, often implying a willingness to endure hardship or take extreme measures.
그녀는 무슨 일이 있어도 이 사업을 성공시키기 위해 독한 마음을 먹었다.
Informal to Neutral— Literally 'strong alcohol,' this refers to alcoholic beverages with a high alcohol content that have a powerful effect. It's a common way to describe potent drinks.
오늘은 독한 술 대신 가볍게 맥주나 한잔 해야겠어.
Neutral— A person who is unyielding, stubborn, ruthless, or very determined to the point of being harsh. It can imply someone who is difficult to deal with or who pursues their goals relentlessly.
그는 자신의 이익을 위해서라면 독한 사람도 될 수 있다.
Neutral to Slightly Negative— Harsh, cutting, or hurtful words. These are words that are sharp and intended to wound or criticize severely.
그는 상대방의 약점을 파고드는 독한 말을 내뱉었다.
Neutral to Negative— A severe or intense cold that makes one feel very ill and takes a long time to recover from.
이번에 걸린 감기는 정말 독해서 며칠째 꼼짝도 못 하고 있다.
Neutral— A strong, pungent, or offensive smell that can be overpowering or unpleasant.
화학 공장에서 나오는 독한 냄새 때문에 숨을 쉴 수가 없었다.
Neutral— A strong, bitter, or acrid taste that can be unpleasant or overwhelming.
이 한약은 정말 독한 맛이라 먹기가 힘들다.
Neutral— A severe, harsh, or difficult trial or ordeal.
그녀는 인생의 독한 시련들을 겪으면서 더욱 강해졌다.
Neutral— An unyielding, determined, or iron will. It refers to a strong resolve that is difficult to break.
그는 독한 의지로 목표를 향해 나아갔다.
Neutral— Potent or toxic drugs/substances, often referring to strong medications or harmful substances.
독한 약물 남용은 심각한 건강 문제를 야기할 수 있다.
Formal/Neutralسهل الخلط
Both words mean 'strong'.
'강하다' is a general term for strength (physical, mental, etc.). '독하다' specifically refers to potency, intensity, or a powerful effect, especially from substances like alcohol or medicine. You use '강하다' for a strong person, but '독하다' for strong alcohol.
이 남자는 힘이 강하다. (This man is physically strong.) 이 술은 독하다. (This alcohol is potent.)
Both can describe strong flavors or colors.
'진하다' focuses on richness, depth, or concentration (e.g., deep color, rich flavor). '독하다' emphasizes the potent effect or intensity, which can be overwhelming or even harsh. Coffee can be '진하다' (rich) and also '독하다' (strong/potent).
이 커피는 색깔이 진하다. (This coffee's color is deep.) 이 커피는 맛이 독하다. (This coffee's taste is strong/potent.)
It's the direct antonym for 'mild' vs. 'strong'.
'독하다' means strong or potent. '순하다' means mild, gentle, or weak. They are opposites in terms of intensity. While '독하다' implies a strong effect, '순하다' implies a gentle or weak one.
이 술은 독하지 않고 순하다. (This alcohol is not strong; it's mild.)
Both relate to lack of strength.
'독하다' means strong/potent. '약하다' means weak or light. '약하다' is a more direct opposite of strength than '순하다' (which implies gentleness). You might say '이 술은 약하다' (This alcohol is light) if it has low alcohol content, contrasting with '독하다'.
이것은 독한 술이 아니라 약한 술이에요. (This isn't strong alcohol; it's light alcohol.)
Both can describe harshness or intensity.
'독하다' primarily means potent or strong, especially for substances. '매섭다' means fierce, sharp, or severe, often used for weather (biting wind) or criticism (harsh words). While a harsh personality can be described as '독하다', '매섭다' focuses more on the biting or piercing quality.
그의 비판은 독했다. (His criticism was harsh/cutting.) 겨울 바람이 매섭다. (The winter wind is biting/severe.)
أنماط الجُمل
Noun + 이/가 + 독하다.
술이 독하다.
독한 + Noun
독한 약.
Noun + 이/가 + 너무/좀 + 독하다.
이 커피는 너무 독하다.
Noun + 이/가 + 독하- + -아/어서 + Consequence.
술이 독해서 머리가 아프다.
Noun + 은/는 + (독하기) + -로 유명하다.
이 약초는 독하기로 유명해요.
독한 + Noun + -을/를 + Verb.
독한 술을 마셨다.
Noun + 은/는 + (독하게) + 느껴지다/들리다.
그의 말은 독하게 느껴졌다.
독한 + Noun + -은/는 + ... + (양상을 띠다/영향을 미치다).
독한 경쟁은 때로 인간성을 잊게 한다.
عائلة الكلمة
الأسماء
الصفات
مرتبط
كيفية الاستخدام
Common, especially in contexts involving alcohol, medicine, and strong sensory experiences.
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Using '독하다' for general strength.
→
Using '강하다' for general strength.
'독하다' specifically refers to potency or intensity, often with a chemical or physiological effect. For general strength (like a strong person or strong wind), '강하다' is appropriate. Example: '이 남자는 힘이 강해요.' (This man is physically strong.) not '독해요.'
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Forgetting to change to '독한' when modifying a noun.
→
Using '독한' before a noun.
When '독하다' directly precedes the noun it describes, it must be in its attributive form '독한'. Example: '독한 술' (strong alcohol), not '독하다 술'.
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Assuming '독하다' always means harsh or cruel.
→
Understanding context: '독하다' can mean potent or strong, not always negative.
While '독하다' can describe a harsh personality, its primary meaning is potency. For alcohol or medicine, it's often neutral. Using it for people should be context-dependent. Example: '이 약은 독하지만 효과가 좋아요.' (This medicine is potent but works well.)
-
Confusing '독하다' with '진하다' for flavors.
→
Using '독하다' for potent/overwhelming flavors, '진하다' for rich/deep flavors.
'독하다' implies a strong, potentially overwhelming or bitter effect. '진하다' refers to richness, depth, or concentration. Coffee can be '진하다' (rich) and also '독하다' (strong).
-
Using '독하다' for weather.
→
Using '강하다', '매섭다', or '춥다' for weather.
'독하다' is not typically used for weather. For strong wind or cold, use '강하다' (strong) or '매섭다' (biting/fierce). Example: '바람이 매섭게 불어요.' (The wind is blowing fiercely.)
نصائح
Attributive Form '독한'
Remember that when '독하다' modifies a noun directly (like 'strong medicine'), it changes to '독한'. For example, '독한 약' not '독하다 약'.
Beyond Substances
While primarily used for alcohol and medicine, '독하다' can describe harsh personalities or severe situations. However, use this extended meaning cautiously, as it can imply negativity. For general strength, '강하다' is safer.
Opposites Matter
Learn the antonyms like '순하다' (mild) and '약하다' (weak). Practicing with opposites helps solidify the meaning of '독하다' by contrast.
Clear Pronunciation
Practice saying '독하다' with clear vowels and a soft 'd' sound in '독'. The 'h' in '하다' should be a light aspiration. Aim for clarity over strong English-like sounds.
Related Words
Explore related words like '독성' (toxicity) and compound words like '독주' (strong liquor) to deepen your understanding of the root '독' (poison).
Use it Actively
Try to use '독하다' in your own sentences when describing drinks, medicines, or strong flavors. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
Cultural Significance
Understand that in Korean culture, strong drinks and potent medicines are often valued for their effectiveness. '독하다' reflects this cultural appreciation for potency and strength.
Learn Common Phrases
Memorize common phrases like '술이 독하다' (The alcohol is strong) and '약이 독하다' (The medicine is strong) as they are frequently used in everyday conversations.
Avoid Generalization
Don't overuse '독하다' for any kind of 'strong'. Reserve it for potency, intensity, and powerful effects, especially concerning substances and strong sensory experiences.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Imagine a very strong, almost poisonous-looking potion. The word '독하다' sounds like 'Doc Hada' – maybe a doctor named Hada who gives you very strong medicine. The potion is '독하다' because it's so potent, like poison.
ربط بصري
Picture a bottle of very dark, potent liquor with a skull and crossbones symbol, or a syringe filled with a brightly colored, strong-looking liquid. The intensity of the image should remind you of '독하다'.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Try to describe five different things you've consumed (drinks, food, medicine) using '독하다' or its antonyms. For example, 'This coffee is too 독하다 for me,' or 'This herbal tea is mild (순하다).' Then, try to use the attributive form '독한' to describe something.
أصل الكلمة
The word '독하다' originates from the Korean root word '독' (dok), which means 'poison' or 'venom'. This root is evident in related words like '독약' (poisonous medicine) and '독성' (toxicity).
المعنى الأصلي: The original meaning of '독' relates to something harmful or poisonous. When applied to '하다' (to do/be), it evolved to describe things that have a strong, potent, and sometimes even harmful or overwhelming effect, similar to poison's potent impact.
Koreanic language family.السياق الثقافي
While '독하다' can describe a harsh personality or criticism, it's important to note that its primary meaning relates to the potency of substances. Using it to describe people should be done with care, as it can imply negativity. For alcohol and medicine, it's generally a neutral descriptor of strength.
In English, we might use words like 'potent,' 'strong,' 'intense,' 'harsh,' or even 'toxic' depending on the context. 'Potent' is a good general equivalent for alcohol and medicine. 'Harsh' or 'intense' might describe flavors or personalities.
تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية
سياقات واقعية
Discussing alcoholic beverages.
- 이 술은 정말 독해.
- 독한 술은 잘 못 마셔요.
- 오늘 밤은 독한 술 대신 맥주로 하자.
Talking about medicine or health remedies.
- 이 약은 좀 독하지만 효과가 좋아.
- 독한 감기에 걸렸어요.
- 한약은 맛이 독한 경우가 많아요.
Describing strong flavors or smells.
- 이 커피는 너무 독해서 설탕을 많이 넣었어요.
- 독한 냄새가 나서 창문을 열었어요.
- 이 향수는 향이 너무 독해요.
Describing personalities or actions (less common for beginners).
- 그는 목표를 위해 독한 마음을 먹었어.
- 독한 말에 상처받지 마세요.
- 그는 수단과 방법을 가리지 않는 독한 사람이야.
General observations about intensity.
- 겨울 바람이 정말 독하게 불었다.
- 이것은 독한 시련이었다.
- 그의 연기는 독하게 느껴졌다.
بدايات محادثة
"Have you ever tried a really strong Korean drink?"
"What's the most potent medicine you've ever had to take?"
"Do you prefer mild or strong flavors in your food?"
"What do you think about people who have very strong wills?"
"Is there a particular smell that you find too strong or '독하다'?"
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
Describe a time you drank alcohol that was very '독하다'. How did it make you feel?
Think about a medicine you've taken that was '독하다'. What was its effect?
Write about a food or drink whose taste or smell you found to be '독하다'. Why did you feel that way?
Imagine a character who has a '독한 마음' (strong resolve). What is their goal and how do they pursue it?
Reflect on a situation where you encountered a strong or harsh criticism. How did it feel, and how did you react?
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلةNot necessarily. While it can describe something unpleasant like a harsh taste or a ruthless personality, it's often used neutrally for alcohol and medicine to simply indicate their potency and strong effects. For example, '이 약은 독하지만 효과가 좋아요' (This medicine is potent but works well).
It's generally not used for general physical or mental strength. For that, '강하다' (ganghada) is the more appropriate word. '독하다' is more specific to potency, intensity, or a powerful, often overwhelming, effect, usually related to substances or strong sensory experiences.
'강하다' is a broad term for 'strong' in any context (physical, emotional, etc.). '독하다' specifically denotes potency, intensity, or a powerful effect, often associated with alcohol, medicine, strong flavors, or a very unyielding personality. Think of '독하다' as 'potent' or 'intense' rather than just 'strong'.
You need to change it to its attributive form, '독한'. For example, instead of saying '독하다 술', you say '독한 술' (strong alcohol).
Commonly described items include strong alcoholic drinks (like soju, whiskey), potent medicines, strong-tasting or smelling foods/herbs, and sometimes intense emotions or personalities.
While '독하다' emphasizes potency and intensity, it's not typically used for weather. For strong weather like wind or cold, words like '강하다' (strong), '매섭다' (fierce/biting), or '춥다' (cold) are more common.
The most common antonyms are '순하다' (sunhada - mild, gentle) and '약하다' (yakhada - weak, light). For example, '이 술은 독하지 않고 순하다' (This alcohol isn't strong; it's mild).
It can be negative, implying someone is ruthless or harsh. However, it can also mean someone has an unyielding will or determination. The context is very important. It's often used when someone is extremely focused on achieving a goal, regardless of the difficulties or methods.
You can say '독한 냄새' (dokhan naemsae) for a strong/pungent smell, and '독한 맛' (dokhan mat) for a strong/bitter taste. Alternatively, you can say '냄새가 독하다' or '맛이 독하다'.
Yes, '진하다' (jinhada) means rich or concentrated (for flavors/colors), and '강렬하다' (gangnyeolhada) means intense. They overlap in meaning but have different nuances. '독하다' specifically focuses on potency and effect.
اختبر نفسك 10 أسئلة
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Perfect score!
Summary
독하다 (dokhada) describes a high degree of strength or potency, commonly associated with alcohol, medicine, and strong flavors. It implies a powerful effect or concentration.
- 독하다 means strong or potent, especially for alcohol and medicine.
- It describes a high concentration or powerful effect.
- Can also refer to strong tastes, smells, or unyielding personalities.
- Use for potency, not general strength.
Context is Key
Always consider the context when you hear or use '독하다'. Is it about alcohol, medicine, a strong flavor, or something else? This will help you understand the intended meaning accurately.
Attributive Form '독한'
Remember that when '독하다' modifies a noun directly (like 'strong medicine'), it changes to '독한'. For example, '독한 약' not '독하다 약'.
Beyond Substances
While primarily used for alcohol and medicine, '독하다' can describe harsh personalities or severe situations. However, use this extended meaning cautiously, as it can imply negativity. For general strength, '강하다' is safer.
Opposites Matter
Learn the antonyms like '순하다' (mild) and '약하다' (weak). Practicing with opposites helps solidify the meaning of '독하다' by contrast.
مثال
이 술은 도수가 독하다.
محتوى ذو صلة
هذه الكلمة بلغات أخرى
مزيد من كلمات health
비정상적이다
B1منحرف عما هو طبيعي أو معتاد؛ غير طبيعي.
비정상이다
A2أن يكون غير طبيعي أو غير عادي. يصف حالة تخرج عن المعايير المعتادة أو الصحة.
에 대해서
A2يشير إلى الموضوع أو المسألة؛ حول، بخصوص. يستخدم لتحديد موضوع الحديث أو التفكير.
누적되다
B1To be accumulated or added up over a period of time. It is frequently used to describe the buildup of fatigue, debt, or environmental damage.
몸살
A2آلام الجسم العامة والتعب، وغالباً ما تصاحب نزلات البرد أو الإنفلونزا بسبب الإرهاق.
몸살나다
A2To suffer from body aches and fatigue, often due to a cold.
쑤시다
B1يشعر بألم واخذ أو نابض؛ يوجع. يُستخدم غالباً لوصف آلام المفاصل عند هطول المطر.
에취
A2الصوت الذي يصدره الشخص عند العطس باللغة الكورية. هو المعادل للكلمة العربية 'تشو!'.
급성적이다
A2يصف بداية مفاجئة وشديدة، يستخدم عادة في السياقات الطبية لوصف الأمراض أو الأعراض التي تتطور بسرعة. (مثال: مرض حاد).
급성이다
A2وجود بداية سريعة ودورة قصيرة؛ أن يكون حاداً (مرض).
