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B2 adjective #3,500 الأكثر شيوعاً 10 دقيقة للقراءة

취약하다

الأكثر شيوعاً #3,500

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 취약하다 في 30 ثانية

الشرح 취약하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '취약하다' might be a bit difficult because it is a formal word. However, you can think of it as a special way to say 'weak' when something is easy to break or hurt. Imagine you have a toy made of paper. If you put it in water, it will break easily. You can say the paper toy is '취약' to water. At this level, just remember that it is often used with the particle '-에' (to). For example, '추위에 취약해요' means 'I am weak to the cold.' You don't need to use it in long sentences yet; just knowing it means a specific type of 'weakness' is a great start!

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you can start using '취약하다' to describe your own habits or common situations. It's more formal than '약하다' (weak). You will often see it in basic news clips or health tips. For example, '겨울에는 감기에 취약해요' (In winter, people are vulnerable to colds). Notice how we use the noun + 에 + 취약하다 pattern. It’s a useful word when you want to sound a bit more grown-up or precise than just using '약하다'. Try to use it when talking about things you are not good at resisting, like '저는 달콤한 음식에 취약해요' (I am vulnerable to sweet food).

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B1 level, you should understand that '취약하다' is used for systemic or structural weaknesses. It’s not about how much you can lift at the gym; it's about where your 'defenses' are low. You'll encounter this word in social contexts, like '취약 계층' (vulnerable social groups). This is a very common term in Korean society for people who need help from the government. You should also be able to use the adjective form '취약한' to modify nouns, such as '보안이 취약한 사이트' (a site with weak security). It’s a key word for moving from basic conversation to discussing social issues and technology.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '취약하다' in professional and academic contexts. You should understand the nuance between '취약하다' (vulnerable) and '허술하다' (lax/sloppy). For instance, a security system might be '취약' because of a technical bug, but it is '허술' if the guards are not paying attention. You should also be comfortable using it in business settings to describe market weaknesses or project risks. For example, '우리는 신규 시장 진입에 있어 브랜드 인지도가 취약하다' (We are vulnerable in terms of brand awareness when entering new markets). This level requires you to use the word to provide analytical insights.

At the C1 level, you should be able to appreciate the Hanja roots (脆 - brittle, 弱 - weak) and how they influence the word's usage in literature and high-level journalism. You can use '취약하다' to discuss abstract concepts like '정서적 취약성' (emotional vulnerability) or '거시 경제의 취약점' (vulnerabilities in the macroeconomy). You should be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as '기후 변화에 취약한 도서 국가들의 입장을 대변하다' (To represent the position of island nations vulnerable to climate change). At this level, the word is a tool for precise socio-political and technical critique.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, '취약하다' becomes a part of your nuanced vocabulary for philosophical or highly technical discourse. You might discuss the 'ontological vulnerability' of human existence or analyze the 'structural vulnerabilities' of a complex legal system. You should be able to distinguish it from every possible synonym (연약하다, 허술하다, 박약하다, 위태롭다) with perfect accuracy. You can use it to craft persuasive arguments in essays, identifying exactly where a theory or a policy falls short. For a C2 learner, '취약하다' is not just a word for 'weakness,' but a precise diagnostic term used to dissect the failures of systems and arguments.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

취약하다 في 30 ثانية

Used for systemic vulnerability (security, health, social status).
Commonly follows the 'Noun + 에 취약하다' pattern.
Higher formality level than the basic word '약하다'.
Essential for discussing social welfare (취약 계층) and IT security (취약점).

The Korean adjective 취약하다 (chwiyakhada) is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe a state of being vulnerable, weak, or susceptible. While the basic word for 'weak' is 약하다, 취약하다 carries a more formal, systemic, or structural nuance. It is derived from the Hanja characters 脆 (취 - brittle/fragile) and 弱 (약 - weak). Imagine a piece of glass that is not just thin, but structurally flawed so that a single tap in the right place shatters it—that is the essence of being '취약'.

Structural Vulnerability: In architecture or engineering, this word describes a building that cannot withstand earthquakes. It implies a lack of defense or a specific point of failure that can be exploited by external forces.
Social and Economic Context: The term 취약 계층 (vulnerable social groups) is a standard sociological phrase in Korea. It refers to those who are economically disadvantaged, elderly, or marginalized, meaning they lack the 'armor' of wealth or social support to survive crises.
Cybersecurity and Technology: In the digital age, this is the go-to word for 'vulnerability' in software. A 'security vulnerability' is called 보안 취약점. It suggests a hole in the code that hackers can walk through.

이 건물은 지진에 매우 취약하다. (This building is very vulnerable to earthquakes.)

Example of structural usage in a formal report.

When people use this word, they are often identifying a specific risk factor. It is rarely used for personal physical strength (like being unable to lift a heavy box—that’s just 약하다). Instead, it’s used for systemic susceptibility. For example, if you catch a cold easily, you are 질병에 취약하다 (vulnerable to disease). If you can't resist a sale, you might say you are 유혹에 취약하다 (vulnerable to temptation). It suggests an internal lack of resistance to an external pressure.

노인들은 폭염에 특히 취약하다. (The elderly are particularly vulnerable to heatwaves.)

In a professional setting, such as a business presentation, you might use this word to describe a company's weak points in the market. 'Our marketing strategy is 취약하다 in the younger demographic.' This sounds much more analytical and precise than simply saying it is 'bad' or 'weak'. It implies a need for reinforcement or protection.

Psychological Context: One can be 'mentally vulnerable' (정신적으로 취약하다). This describes someone who is easily hurt by criticism or who struggles to maintain stability under stress.

보안 시스템이 외부 공격에 취약하다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. (It was revealed that the security system is vulnerable to external attacks.)

Ultimately, 취약하다 is a word that demands a solution. When a doctor says your immune system is 취약하다, they are suggesting you take vitamins. When a politician says the economy is 취약하다, they are proposing new laws. It is a diagnostic word that highlights where work needs to be done.

Using 취약하다 correctly requires understanding its grammatical partners. Most commonly, it follows the pattern: [Noun] + 에 + 취약하다. The particle -에 indicates the specific force, environment, or condition that the subject is vulnerable to. Unlike English where we say 'vulnerable to', in Korean, we are saying the subject is 'weak at/in' that specific point.

The 'Target' Particle (-에): This is the most crucial part of the sentence. If you are weak against the cold, it's 추위에 취약하다. If you are weak against stress, it's 스트레스에 취약하다. This particle links the 'predator' or 'cause' to the 'vulnerable subject'.
Modifying Nouns (취약한): To describe a person or object, we use the adjective form 취약한. For example, 취약한 보안 (vulnerable security) or 취약한 구조 (vulnerable structure). This is often used in formal writing and titles.

그는 감정 조절에 매우 취약하다. (He is very vulnerable in terms of emotional control.)

When constructing complex sentences, you might see 취약하다 combined with verbs like 드러나다 (to be revealed) or 평가받다 (to be evaluated). For instance: 그 시스템은 보안이 취약하다고 평가받았다 (That system was evaluated as having weak security). This shows how the word moves from a simple description to a formal assessment.

어린아이들은 환경 오염에 더욱 취약할 수밖에 없다. (Young children cannot help but be more vulnerable to environmental pollution.)

In business contexts, you often see the word paired with 부문 (sector) or 분야 (field). For example: 우리는 기술적인 부문에서 취약하다 (We are weak in the technical sector). This allows the speaker to pinpoint exactly where the deficiency lies without sounding overly negative or dismissive of the entire project.

Common Subject-Particle Combinations

바이러스에 취약하다: Vulnerable to viruses (biological or digital).
소음에 취약하다: Vulnerable to noise (e.g., a poorly soundproofed room).
변화에 취약하다: Vulnerable to change (e.g., a rigid organization).

이 식물은 추위에 취약해서 실내에서 키워야 해요. (Since this plant is vulnerable to the cold, you must grow it indoors.)

Finally, notice the use of intensifiers like 매우 (very), 특히 (especially), or 상당히 (considerably). Because 취약하다 is a formal word, it pairs well with these formal adverbs to create a professional tone. In academic or journalistic writing, you will almost never see '진짜 취약하다' (really vulnerable); instead, you will see '극도로 취약하다' (extremely vulnerable).

If you turn on the Korean news (KBS, MBC, or SBS), you will hear 취약하다 almost every single day. It is a staple of reporting on social issues, technology, and the environment. Understanding the contexts where this word lives will help you grasp its 'flavor' as a term of serious concern.

1. The Evening News: Social Welfare: Whenever there is a heatwave, a flood, or a pandemic, news anchors talk about the 취약 계층 (vulnerable classes). They might say, '정부는 에너지 취약 계층을 위해 지원금을 지급하기로 했습니다.' (The government decided to provide subsidies for the energy-vulnerable class.) Here, it’s a term of empathy and policy.
2. IT and Tech Blogs: Security Flaws: If a new iPhone update is released to fix a bug, the technical explanation will use the word 취약점 (vulnerability point). Tech YouTubers will warn their viewers that '이전 버전은 해킹에 취약합니다' (The previous version is vulnerable to hacking).

“이번 태풍은 기반 시설이 취약한 지역에 큰 피해를 줄 것으로 예상됩니다.”

A typical weather report warning about weak infrastructure.

In a corporate setting, managers use this word during SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analyses. Instead of using the simple noun 약점 (weakness), they might say, '우리 브랜드는 소셜 미디어 마케팅에 취약합니다.' This frames the weakness as a specific area for growth and strategic focus.

개인 정보가 유출에 취약하다는 지적이 있었습니다. (There were points made that personal information is vulnerable to leakage.)

In education, a teacher might talk about a student's 취약 과목 (vulnerable subject), which means the subject the student struggles with most. If a student is great at math but bad at English, English is their 취약 과목. This is a very common term during parent-teacher conferences.

3. Daily Conversations: Self-Deprecation: While formal, you can use it jokingly or seriously with friends. '난 술에 진짜 취약해' (I'm really weak against alcohol/I'm a lightweight). Or, '난 아침 잠에 취약해서 일찍 못 일어나' (I'm vulnerable to morning sleep, so I can't wake up early). It adds a bit of intellectual flair to your speech.

“저는 분위기에 취약해서 금방 감동받아요.”

'I'm vulnerable to the atmosphere, so I get moved easily.'

Whether it's a documentary about climate change discussing 'vulnerable ecosystems' (취약한 생태계) or a legal discussion about 'vulnerable victims' (취약한 피해자), the word serves as a marker for things that need extra care, protection, and attention in Korean society.

While 취약하다 is a powerful word, learners often trip up on its formality and specific usage constraints. Because it translates to 'weak' or 'vulnerable', it’s easy to use it in places where a native speaker would choose a different term. Let's look at the most common pitfalls.

Mistake 1: Using it for Physical Muscle Strength: If you want to say 'My arms are weak because I didn't work out', do NOT use 취약하다. This word describes systemic or defensive weakness, not physical power. Use 약하다 or 힘이 없다 instead. Saying '내 팔은 취약해' sounds like your arms have a security flaw that hackers could exploit.
Mistake 2: Confusing with '부족하다' (Insufficient): Sometimes learners use 취약하다 to mean they aren't good at a skill. While you can say 외국어에 취약하다 (vulnerable in foreign languages), it often sounds more natural to say 부족하다 (to be lacking) if you just mean you need more practice. 취약하다 implies a fundamental, structural inability to handle that area.

❌ 저는 수학이 취약해요. (Grammatically okay, but sounds like math is a threat to you.)
✅ 저는 수학이 약해요 / 부족해요. (More natural for saying 'I'm bad at math'.)

Another error involves the particle choice. Some learners try to use -를/을 (object particle) because they think 'I have a vulnerability'. However, 취약하다 is an adjective (descriptive verb), so it cannot take an object. You must use -에 (to/at) or -이/가 (subject) depending on the structure.

❌ 이 종이는 물을 취약해요.
✅ 이 종이는 물에 취약해요. (This paper is vulnerable to water.)

Finally, don't overuse it for 'softness'. If a pillow is soft, that's 폭신하다 or 부드럽다. If a person's heart is soft (kind), that's 마음이 약하다 or 다정하다. 취약하다 always carries a slightly negative connotation of being 'at risk'. Use it when there is a potential for harm or failure.

Summary of Usage

Use for: Security, health systems, social status, structural integrity.
Avoid for: Physical muscle, softness of objects, general lack of skill (unless formal).

By remembering that 취약 comes from 'brittle' and 'weak', you can avoid using it for things that are merely 'small' or 'unskilled'. It’s about the risk of breaking.

To truly master 취약하다, you need to know the words that surround it in the Korean mental map. Depending on the context—whether you're talking about a person's character, a building's safety, or a computer's firewall—there might be a more precise word available.

취약하다 vs. 약하다 (The General Term): 약하다 is the umbrella term for 'weak'. 취약하다 is a specific type of 'weak'—it's 'vulnerable'. If a bridge is generally not strong, it's 약하다. If a bridge has a specific bolt that might rust and cause a collapse, it is 취약하다 to rust.
취약하다 vs. 연약하다 (Fragile/Delicate): 연약하다 (yeon-yakhada) usually describes something soft, delicate, or physically feeble. It often has a feminine or aesthetic connotation (like a 'delicate flower' or 'frail limbs'). 취약하다 is more clinical and structural.

그녀는 겉모습은 연약해 보이지만, 정신적으로는 전혀 취약하지 않다. (She looks delicate on the outside, but she is not at all mentally vulnerable.)

In a professional report, you might encounter 허술하다 (heosulhada). This means 'lax', 'loose', or 'carelessly put together'. While 취약하다 focuses on the state of being vulnerable, 허술하다 focuses on the reason—usually because someone didn't do a good job. If a security guard is sleeping, the security is 허술하다. If the security software has a bug, it is 취약하다.

보안이 취약한 곳을 보완하여 견고한 시스템을 구축했다. (We supplemented the areas where security was vulnerable and built a robust system.)

Another related word is 위태롭다 (witaeropda), meaning 'precarious' or 'in danger'. Use this when the vulnerability has already reached a critical point where disaster is imminent. 취약하다 is the condition; 위태롭다 is the resulting dangerous situation.

Summary Table

약하다: General weakness.
연약하다: Physical/aesthetic delicacy.
허술하다: Laxity/poor management.
취약하다: Susceptibility/structural vulnerability.
위태롭다: Immediate danger/precariousness.

By choosing the right word, you show that you understand not just the basic meaning, but the intent and context of the Korean language. 취약하다 is your best choice for analytical, serious, and diagnostic descriptions of weakness.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The character '취' (脆) originally referred to meat that was tender and easy to chew, but later evolved to mean anything that breaks easily like brittle material.

دليل النطق

UK /tɕʰɥi.jak.ɦa.da/

US /tɕʰwi.jɑk.hɑ.dɑ/

The primary stress is on the first syllable '취', with a secondary stress on '약'.

يتقافى مع

빈약하다 (binyakhada) 허약하다 (heoyakhada) 조약하다 (joyakhada) 기약하다 (giyakhada) 서약하다 (seoyakhada) 공약하다 (gongyakhada) 집약하다 (jibyakhada) 비약하다 (biyakhada)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing '취' as '추' (chu).
Missing the aspiration in '취'.
Pronouncing '약' as '야' without the 'k' sound.
Making the 'h' in 'hada' too silent.
Confusing the pitch accent in certain dialects.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 4/5

Common in news and formal writing, but requires Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.

الكتابة 5/5

Requires correct particle usage (-에) and formal context awareness.

التحدث 3/5

Once learned, the pattern is easy to use in daily life for personal 'weaknesses'.

الاستماع 4/5

Often spoken quickly in news broadcasts.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

약하다 강하다 위험하다 문제 도움

تعلّم لاحقاً

보완하다 강화하다 대책 계층 구조

متقدم

박약하다 조약하다 빈약하다 허술하다 연약하다

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Adjective + -아/어지다

날씨가 추워지면 면역력이 취약해진다.

Noun + -에 (Direction/Target)

스트레스에 취약하다.

Adjective + -(으)ㄴ (Noun modification)

취약한 보안 시스템.

-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다

아이들은 질병에 취약할 수밖에 없다.

-기 때문에 (Reason)

구조가 취약하기 때문에 위험하다.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

저는 추위에 취약해요.

I am vulnerable to the cold.

Noun + 에 (to) + 취약해요 (is vulnerable).

이 종이는 물에 취약해요.

This paper is vulnerable to water.

Simple present tense of the adjective.

아기는 질병에 취약해요.

Babies are vulnerable to diseases.

Used to describe a general fact.

제 핸드폰은 충격에 취약해요.

My phone is vulnerable to impact.

Used for physical objects' durability.

그는 유혹에 취약해요.

He is vulnerable to temptation.

Metaphorical use of vulnerability.

이 꽃은 햇빛에 취약해요.

This flower is vulnerable to sunlight.

Describing biological susceptibility.

우리 집은 소음에 취약해요.

Our house is vulnerable to noise.

Describing structural weakness (poor soundproofing).

저는 술에 취약해요.

I am weak against alcohol.

Common idiomatic expression for 'lightweight'.

노인들은 더위에 특히 취약합니다.

The elderly are especially vulnerable to the heat.

Use of '특히' (especially) to intensify.

이 건물은 지진에 취약한 구조예요.

This building has a structure vulnerable to earthquakes.

Adjective form '취약한' modifying '구조' (structure).

컴퓨터가 바이러스에 취약해졌어요.

The computer has become vulnerable to viruses.

-아/어지다 (to become) pattern.

어린이들은 유해 환경에 취약할 수 있습니다.

Children can be vulnerable to harmful environments.

-ㄹ 수 있다 (can be) expressing possibility.

그녀는 비판에 상당히 취약한 편이에요.

She is on the side of being quite vulnerable to criticism.

-는 편이다 (tend to be) pattern.

이 재질은 열에 취약해서 주의해야 해요.

This material is vulnerable to heat, so you must be careful.

-아/어서 (because) connecting two clauses.

보안이 취약한 비밀번호는 바꾸세요.

Change passwords that have weak security.

Relative clause '보안이 취약한' modifying '비밀번호'.

면역력이 취약하면 감기에 잘 걸려요.

If your immunity is vulnerable, you catch colds easily.

-(으)면 (if) conditional structure.

정부는 취약 계층을 위한 대책을 마련했다.

The government prepared measures for the vulnerable social groups.

Formal sociological term '취약 계층'.

이 소프트웨어는 해킹 공격에 취약함이 드러났다.

It was revealed that this software is vulnerable to hacking attacks.

Noun form '취약함' (vulnerability).

중소기업은 경제 위기에 더 취약할 수밖에 없다.

Small businesses cannot help but be more vulnerable to economic crises.

-ㄹ 수밖에 없다 (cannot help but).

그의 논리는 비판에 매우 취약해 보였다.

His logic seemed very vulnerable to criticism.

-아/어 보이다 (to seem/look like).

섬나라는 기후 변화에 가장 취약한 지역 중 하나다.

Island nations are among the regions most vulnerable to climate change.

Superlative '가장' (most) used with '취약한'.

감정적으로 취약한 상태에서는 결정을 내리지 마세요.

Do not make decisions when you are in an emotionally vulnerable state.

Adverbial use '감정적으로' (emotionally).

이 지역은 홍수에 매우 취약한 지형입니다.

This area is a terrain very vulnerable to floods.

Describing geographical vulnerability.

전통 시장은 대형 마트의 공세에 취약하다.

Traditional markets are vulnerable to the offensive of large supermarkets.

Economic context usage.

네트워크 보안의 취약점을 보완하는 것이 시급합니다.

It is urgent to supplement the vulnerabilities of network security.

Noun '취약점' (vulnerability point/weak spot).

그 나라는 외부 충격에 취약한 경제 구조를 가지고 있다.

That country has an economic structure vulnerable to external shocks.

Complex noun phrase '외부 충격에 취약한 경제 구조'.

심리적으로 취약한 청소년들을 위한 상담이 필요하다.

Counseling is needed for psychologically vulnerable teenagers.

Targeting a specific demographic.

이 신도시의 배수 시스템은 집중 호우에 취약하다.

The drainage system of this new city is vulnerable to localized heavy rain.

Technical/Engineering context.

갑작스러운 변화에 취약한 조직은 도태되기 쉽다.

Organizations vulnerable to sudden changes are likely to fall behind.

Business strategy context.

그 후보는 외교 정책 분야에서 다소 취약하다는 평가를 받는다.

That candidate is evaluated as being somewhat weak in the field of foreign policy.

-는다는 평가를 받다 (to receive an evaluation that...).

데이터 분석 역량이 취약한 것이 우리 팀의 가장 큰 문제다.

The fact that our data analysis capability is weak is our team's biggest problem.

Noun clause '-는 것' as the subject.

인간의 기억은 왜곡과 망각에 매우 취약하다.

Human memory is very vulnerable to distortion and forgetting.

Abstract/Scientific context.

금융 시스템의 구조적 취약성이 연쇄 부도를 초래했다.

The structural vulnerability of the financial system caused a chain of bankruptcies.

Academic term '구조적 취약성' (structural vulnerability).

해당 법안은 인권 보호 측면에서 매우 취약하다는 지적이 잇따랐다.

Successive points were made that the bill is very vulnerable in terms of human rights protection.

Legal/Political critique.

그 작가의 초기 작품은 서사 구조가 다소 취약한 측면이 있다.

The early works of that author have aspects where the narrative structure is somewhat weak.

Literary criticism.

정보 비대칭성은 시장 경제의 가장 취약한 고리 중 하나다.

Information asymmetry is one of the most vulnerable links in a market economy.

Economic theory terminology.

생태계의 균형이 깨지면 환경 변화에 더욱 취약해질 수밖에 없습니다.

If the balance of the ecosystem is broken, it cannot help but become more vulnerable to environmental changes.

Environmental science context.

그의 주장은 논리적 일관성 결여로 인해 반론에 취약하다.

His argument is vulnerable to counterarguments due to a lack of logical consistency.

Formal argumentation.

디지털 격차는 정보 취약 계층의 사회적 소외를 심화시킨다.

The digital divide deepens the social exclusion of the information-vulnerable class.

Sociological analysis.

공급망의 취약성이 드러나면서 글로벌 물류 대란이 발생했다.

As the vulnerabilities of the supply chain were revealed, a global logistics crisis occurred.

Global trade context.

인간 실존의 근원적 취약성에 대한 철학적 고찰이 필요하다.

A philosophical contemplation of the fundamental vulnerability of human existence is necessary.

Philosophical terminology '근원적 취약성'.

권력의 집중은 부패와 권력 남용에 취약한 환경을 조성한다.

The concentration of power creates an environment vulnerable to corruption and abuse of power.

Political science discourse.

현대 문명은 전력망 마비와 같은 돌발 변수에 극도로 취약하다.

Modern civilization is extremely vulnerable to unexpected variables such as a power grid paralysis.

Societal critique.

사이버 보안 체계의 미세한 취약점이 국가 안보를 위협할 수 있다.

A minute vulnerability in the cybersecurity system can threaten national security.

National security context.

인지 편향은 합리적 의사 결정 과정을 취약하게 만드는 요인이다.

Cognitive bias is a factor that makes the rational decision-making process vulnerable.

Psychological/Cognitive science.

자본의 급격한 유출입은 신흥국 경제의 취약성을 여실히 보여준다.

The rapid inflow and outflow of capital clearly shows the vulnerability of emerging economies.

Advanced economic analysis.

민주주의 제도는 대중 선동가들의 포퓰리즘에 취약한 측면을 내포하고 있다.

The democratic system inherently contains aspects vulnerable to the populism of demagogues.

Political theory.

언어의 모호성은 텍스트 해석의 확정성을 취약하게 만든다.

The ambiguity of language makes the certainty of text interpretation vulnerable.

Linguistic/Hermeneutic analysis.

المرادفات

약하다 허술하다 위태롭다 부실하다

الأضداد

강하다 견고하다 튼튼하다

تلازمات شائعة

보안에 취약하다

유혹에 취약하다

질병에 취약하다

변화에 취약하다

추위에 취약하다

소음에 취약하다

공격에 취약하다

비판에 취약하다

스트레스에 취약하다

외부 충격에 취약하다

العبارات الشائعة

취약 계층

— Vulnerable social groups (elderly, poor, disabled).

정부는 취약 계층을 위한 일자리를 늘리기로 했다.

보안 취약점

— Security vulnerability/hole in software.

새로운 보안 취약점이 발견되어 패치가 배포되었다.

취약 지구

— Vulnerable area (prone to crime or disaster).

이곳은 상습 침수 취약 지구입니다.

취약 과목

— Weakest subject in school.

수학은 저의 가장 취약한 과목입니다.

취약 시간대

— Vulnerable time period (e.g., when crimes happen).

새벽은 범죄에 취약한 시간대입니다.

취약 분야

— Weak field or sector.

우리 회사는 마케팅이 취약 분야로 꼽힌다.

취약 구조

— Vulnerable structure.

낡은 건물들은 화재에 취약한 구조를 가졌다.

정보 취약 계층

— People with limited access to information technology.

디지털 교육은 정보 취약 계층에게 꼭 필요하다.

정신적 취약성

— Mental vulnerability.

그는 자신의 정신적 취약성을 극복하기 위해 노력했다.

구조적 취약점

— Structural weakness (in a system).

이 제도는 몇 가지 구조적 취약점을 안고 있다.

يُخلط عادةً مع

취약하다 vs 약하다

General 'weak'; '취약하다' is specifically 'vulnerable'.

취약하다 vs 허술하다

'Lax/sloppy'; '취약하다' is an objective state of weakness.

취약하다 vs 연약하다

'Delicate/frail'; '취약하다' is systemic/structural.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"바람 앞의 등불"

— A lamp before the wind. Very precarious/vulnerable.

나라의 운명이 바람 앞의 등불처럼 위태롭다.

Literary

"누란의 위기"

— A crisis like piled-up eggs. Extremely vulnerable.

회사는 현재 누란의 위기에 처해 있다.

Formal/Hanja

"유리 멘탈"

— Glass mentality. Mentally very vulnerable/fragile.

나는 유리 멘탈이라 작은 비판에도 상처받아.

Slang

"종이 호랑이"

— Paper tiger. Something that looks strong but is actually vulnerable.

그 팀은 겉만 화려하지 실제로는 종이 호랑이다.

Neutral

"모래성"

— Sandcastle. A structure that is extremely vulnerable and easy to collapse.

기초 없는 성공은 모래성과 같다.

Metaphorical

"발뒤꿈치 (아킬레스건)"

— Achilles' heel. The one vulnerable spot.

그에게 가족은 유일한 아킬레스건이다.

Neutral

"바늘구멍"

— Needle hole. A tiny but critical vulnerability.

보안망의 바늘구멍 같은 취약점을 찾아냈다.

Metaphorical

"속 빈 강정"

— Empty gangjeong (snack). Looks good but is structurally weak/empty.

그 계획은 실속 없는 속 빈 강정이다.

Neutral

"풍전등화"

— Same as '바람 앞의 등불'.

풍전등화의 위기 속에서 기적이 일어났다.

Formal/Hanja

"계란으로 바위 치기"

— Striking a rock with an egg. Being in an impossibly vulnerable position.

그와 싸우는 것은 계란으로 바위 치기다.

Neutral

سهل الخلط

취약하다 vs 빈약하다

Both end in -약하다.

'빈약하다' means 'poor/scanty' (lack of volume), while '취약하다' means 'vulnerable'.

내용이 빈약하다 (The content is poor/thin).

취약하다 vs 조약하다

Similar sound.

'조약하다' means 'crude/coarse' (quality), not 'weak'.

솜씨가 조약하다 (The workmanship is crude).

취약하다 vs 허약하다

Both mean weak.

'허약하다' is specifically for physical health/feeble body.

몸이 허약한 아이.

취약하다 vs 박약하다

Formal synonyms.

'박약하다' is used for thinness of will or evidence.

근거가 박약하다 (The evidence is weak/thin).

취약하다 vs 연약하다

Often used for people.

'연약하다' has a 'soft' nuance; '취약하다' has a 'risky' nuance.

연약한 풀잎.

أنماط الجُمل

N은/는 N에 취약해요.

저는 추위에 취약해요.

N은/는 N에 취약한 편이에요.

그녀는 유혹에 취약한 편이에요.

N이/가 N에 취약함이 드러났다.

보안이 해킹에 취약함이 드러났다.

취약한 N을/를 보완하다.

취약한 부분을 보완해야 합니다.

N은/는 N에 취약할 수밖에 없다.

노인은 폭염에 취약할 수밖에 없다.

N이/가 취약하다는 지적을 받다.

시스템이 취약하다는 지적을 받았다.

N의 구조적 취약성이 N을/를 초래하다.

경제의 구조적 취약성이 위기를 초래했다.

N은/는 N에 취약한 측면을 내포하고 있다.

이 이론은 비판에 취약한 측면을 내포하고 있다.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

취약성 (vulnerability)

취약점 (vulnerability point)

취약 계층 (vulnerable class)

الأفعال

취약해지다 (to become vulnerable)

الصفات

취약하다 (vulnerable)

مرتبط

약하다 (weak)

취약 (vulnerability)

취 (brittle/fragile)

약 (weak)

보완하다 (to supplement/fix)

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

High in news/professional settings; Medium in daily life.

أخطاء شائعة

저는 수학을 취약해요. → 저는 수학에 취약해요.
You must use the particle '-에' with '취약하다', not the object particle '-를/을'.
이 근육은 취약하다. → 이 근육은 약하다.
Physical muscle strength uses '약하다'. '취약하다' is for systems or structures.
침대가 취약해요. → 침대가 부드러워요 / 폭신해요.
If you mean the bed is soft, don't use '취약하다' (which would mean it's about to break).
보안이 허약하다. → 보안이 취약하다.
'허약하다' is for sickly people. '취약하다' is for security.
취약하는 시스템. → 취약한 시스템.
'취약하다' is an adjective, so it uses the '-(으)ㄴ' modifier form, not '-는'.

نصائح

News Watching

Watch the Korean weather report. When they mention '취약 계층', they are talking about people who need help during extreme weather.

IT Terms

If you are in IT, learn '보안 취약점' immediately. It is the standard term for a security bug.

Particle Choice

Remember: Noun + 에 + 취약하다. Don't use -를/을.

Self-Correction

If you accidentally say '내 팔이 취약해', correct it to '내 팔이 약해' unless you mean your arm has a structural flaw.

Social Issues

Understanding '취약 계층' will help you understand Korean social policy debates.

Writing

Use '취약한' to modify nouns in formal reports to sound more professional.

The 'Yak' Story

Remember the 'Chewy Yak' who is vulnerable to lions.

Tone

Listen for the serious tone that usually accompanies this word.

TOPIK Tip

This word often appears in TOPIK II reading and listening sections regarding social problems.

Structural vs. General

Always ask: 'Is this a structural weakness?' If yes, use '취약하다'.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of a 'CHewy' (취) 'YAK' (약). A chewy yak would be weak and vulnerable to predators because it's not tough enough!

ربط بصري

Imagine a castle wall made of glass. It looks grand, but it is '취약하다' because one stone can break the whole thing.

Word Web

Security Immunity Social Welfare Structural Susceptible Risk Gap Weakness

تحدٍّ

Try to identify one thing you are '취약' to today (e.g., caffeine, cute puppies, or procrastination) and write a sentence using '취약하다'.

أصل الكلمة

Derived from the Hanja word 脆弱 (취약).

المعنى الأصلي: Brittle and weak.

Sino-Korean (Hanja).

السياق الثقافي

When using '취약 계층' (vulnerable class), be mindful that it is a formal policy term; avoid using it in a way that might sound condescending to the individuals themselves.

In English, 'vulnerable' can sometimes have a positive connotation (e.g., being emotionally open). In Korean, '취약하다' is almost always used in a negative or diagnostic sense regarding risks.

News reports on 'Energy Vulnerable Groups' during winter. Cybersecurity briefings from the KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency). Medical dramas where doctors discuss patients with 'weakened immunity'.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Cybersecurity

보안 취약점
해킹에 취약하다
패치 업데이트
시스템 보안

Social Welfare

취약 계층
복지 사각지대
정부 지원
보호 대책

Medicine

면역력 취약
감염에 취약하다
기저 질환
건강 관리

Economics

경제적 취약성
외부 충격
시장 변동
금융 위기

Environment

기후 변화에 취약
자연 재해
기반 시설
대응 능력

بدايات محادثة

"어떤 과목이 가장 취약하신가요?"

"추위에 취약한 편이세요, 아니면 더위에 취약한 편이세요?"

"요즘 보안에 취약한 사이트가 많아서 걱정이에요."

"우리 회사의 가장 취약한 부분은 무엇이라고 생각하세요?"

"저는 단 음식의 유혹에 너무 취약해서 다이어트가 힘들어요."

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

내가 심리적으로 가장 취약해지는 순간은 언제인가요?

우리 사회의 취약 계층을 돕기 위해 어떤 노력이 필요할까요?

나의 취약점을 보완하기 위한 올해의 계획을 세워보세요.

기술의 발전이 우리를 더 취약하게 만든다고 생각하시나요?

과거에 나의 취약했던 부분이 어떻게 나를 성장시켰나요?

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

It's better to use '못하다' or '약하다'. '취약하다' sounds like the sport is a threat to your safety or structure.

No, it can be used for anything—a plan, a building, or even a person's character (a 'weak spot').

There isn't a direct single word, but you might say '부유층' (wealthy class) or '기득권층' (privileged class) depending on the context.

Yes, it always implies a lack of defense or a potential for failure.

No, use '폭신하다' or '부드럽다'. '취약하다' would mean the pillow is easy to destroy.

Yes, it's a great word for an interview when discussing areas you want to improve professionally.

Use '취약성' (vulnerability) or '취약점' (weak point).

Usually '-에' to indicate what you are vulnerable to.

Yes, it comes from 脆弱.

Yes, '정서적으로 취약하다' or '심리적으로 취약하다' are very common.

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