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The First Declension (-s, -š)

The Fourth Declension (-a)

Nominative for Sentence Subjects

The Accusative Case for Direct Objects

Locative Case for 'Where?'

Verbal Negation with 'ne-'

The Second Declension (Nouns ending in -is)

Second declension nouns end in -is and require consonant shifts in the Genitive and all plural forms.

• • Masculine nouns ending in -is belong to the Second...
• • Consonants shift (palatalize) in the Genitive sing...

Plural Nominative Endings (Masculine nouns)

To make masculine nouns plural, replace the singular ending with -i to indicate multiple subjects or quantities 2-9.

• • Masculine plural nouns usually end in the letter -...
• • Drop the singular endings -s, -š, -is, or -us firs...

Possessive Pronouns (mans, tavs, viņa, viņas)

Match 'my' and 'your' to the noun's gender, but keep 'his' and 'her' exactly the same every time.

• • Use `mans` (M) and `mana` (F) for 'my' based on th...
• • Use `tavs` (M) and `tava` (F) for 'your' in inform...

The Fifth Declension (Nouns ending in -e)

The Fifth Declension covers feminine -e nouns, featuring a signature -i accusative and a shifting plural genitive.

• • Fifth declension nouns always end in the vowel -e.
• • These nouns are almost exclusively feminine in gen...