B2 Relative Clauses 1 min read متوسط

Nominalized Relative Clauses (လုပ်တာ)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Add 'ta' (တာ) to any verb to turn the entire action into a noun, like adding '-ing' in English.

  • Add တာ to a verb to make it a noun: စား (eat) → စားတာ (eating/the act of eating).
  • Use it to describe 'the thing that...': ကျွန်တော်ဝယ်တာ (The thing I bought).
  • Negate by placing မ before the verb: မစားတာ (Not eating/The act of not eating).
[Verb Clause] + တာ + [Verb/Adjective]

Nominalization with 'Ta' (တာ)

Type Burmese Structure English Equivalent Example
Affirmative
Verb + တာ
Doing / The thing that...
သွားတာ (Going)
Negative
မ + Verb + တာ
Not doing / The fact of not...
မသွားတာ (Not going)
Continuous
Verb + နေ + တာ
The act of currently doing
စားနေတာ (Eating right now)
Completed
Verb + ထား + တာ
The thing that has been done
ရေးထားတာ (What has been written)
Polite (Rare)
Verb + တာ + ပါ
Polite nominalization
လုပ်တာပါ (It is what I did)

Colloquial Contractions

Full Form Contracted Form Usage Context
တာကို (ta-ko)
တာ့ (ta')
Fast speech object marker
တာက (ta-ka)
တာ့ (ta')
Fast speech subject marker
တာလဲ (ta-le)
တာ (ta)
Informal questions (intonation shift)

Meanings

The particle 'ta' (တာ) is a nominalizer. It takes a verb or a whole clause and turns it into a noun phrase, allowing it to function as the subject, object, or topic of a sentence.

1

The Act of Doing

Equivalent to the English gerund (-ing). Describes the general activity.

“မုန့်စားတာ ဝါသနာပါတယ်။ (I'm fond of eating snacks.)”

“စာဖတ်တာ ဗဟုသုတရစေတယ်။ (Reading gives knowledge.)”

2

The Thing That...

Refers to the object of an action without naming the object explicitly.

“မနေ့ကဝယ်တာ ပျောက်သွားပြီ။ (The thing I bought yesterday is gone.)”

“သူပေးတာ အရမ်းလှတယ်။ (The thing he gave is very beautiful.)”

3

The Manner/Way

Describes how an action is performed.

“သူစကားပြောတာ အရမ်းမြန်တယ်။ (The way he speaks is very fast.)”

“ဟင်းချက်တာ အရသာရှိတယ်။ (The way [you] cooked is delicious.)”

4

The Fact That...

Nominalizes a whole event to comment on it.

“မင်းလာတာ ငါသိတယ်။ (I know [the fact] that you came.)”

“သူနေမကောင်းတာ စိတ်မကောင်းစရာပဲ။ (The fact that he is unwell is sad.)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Nominalized Relative Clauses (လုပ်တာ)
Form Structure Example Meaning
Subject
Clause + တာ + က
သူလာတာက ထူးဆန်းတယ်။
The fact he came is strange.
Object
Clause + တာ + ကို
သူပြောတာကို နားထောင်ပါ။
Listen to what he says.
Negative
မ + Verb + တာ
မသိတာ မဆန်းပါဘူး။
Not knowing isn't strange.
Manner
Verb + တာ
သူကတာ လှတယ်။
The way she dances is beautiful.
Question
Verb + တာ + လဲ
ဘာဝယ်တာလဲ။
What did you buy?
Reason
Verb + တာ + ကြောင့်
မိုးရွာတာကြောင့် နောက်ကျတယ်။
Because of the rain, I'm late.
Time
Verb + တာ + ကြာပြီ
နေတာ ကြာပြီ။
It's been a long time living [here].

طيف الرسمية

رسمي
ခရီးသွားခြင်းကို နှစ်သက်ပါသည်။

ခရီးသွားခြင်းကို နှစ်သက်ပါသည်။ (Expressing a preference)

محايد
ခရီးသွားတာ ကြိုက်တယ်။

ခရီးသွားတာ ကြိုက်တယ်။ (Expressing a preference)

غير رسمي
ခရီးသွားရတာ ဝါသနာပါတယ်။

ခရီးသွားရတာ ဝါသနာပါတယ်။ (Expressing a preference)

عامية
ခရီးထွက်တာ ရှယ်ပဲ။

ခရီးထွက်တာ ရှယ်ပဲ။ (Expressing a preference)

The Functions of 'Ta'

တာ (Ta)

Action

  • စားတာ Eating

Object

  • ဝယ်တာ The thing bought

Manner

  • ပြောတာ The way of speaking

Fact

  • လာတာ The fact that [he] came

Ta (တာ) vs Te (တဲ့)

တာ (Nominalizer)
ဖတ်တာ ကြိုက်တယ် I like reading (The act)
တဲ့ (Attributive)
ဖတ်တဲ့စာအုပ် The book that I read (Modifies noun)

Should I use 'Ta'?

1

Is there a noun after the verb?

YES
Use 'Te' (တဲ့)
NO
Go to next step
2

Is the verb the subject or object?

YES
Use 'Ta' (တာ)
NO
Use sentence ending 'Te' (တယ်)

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

ထမင်းစားတာ ကြိုက်တယ်။

I like eating rice.

2

ရေကူးတာ ဝါသနာပါတယ်။

Swimming is my hobby.

3

အိပ်တာ ဝါသနာမပါဘူး။

I'm not fond of sleeping.

4

စာဖတ်တာ ကောင်းတယ်။

Reading is good.

1

မနေ့ကဝယ်တာ ဘယ်မှာလဲ။

Where is the thing [I] bought yesterday?

2

သူပေးတာ အရမ်းလှတယ်။

The thing he gave is very beautiful.

3

မလာတာ ကြာပြီ။

It's been a long time since [I] didn't come.

4

ဒါ ကျွန်တော်လုပ်တာ မဟုတ်ဘူး။

This isn't something I did.

1

သူစကားပြောတာ အရမ်းမြန်တယ်။

The way he speaks is very fast.

2

ဟင်းချက်တာ အရသာရှိလိုက်တာ။

The way [you] cooked is so delicious!

3

မင်းရောက်နေတာ ငါမသိဘူး။

I didn't know that you were here.

4

အလုပ်လုပ်တာ ပင်ပန်းလို့ နားချင်တယ်။

Because working is tiring, I want to rest.

1

သူပြောတာကို ကျွန်တော် သဘောမတူဘူး။

I don't agree with what he said.

2

ဒီလိုလုပ်တာက ပိုပြီးမြန်ဆန်စေတယ်။

Doing it this way makes it faster.

3

မိုးရွာနေတာတောင် သူအပြင်သွားတယ်။

Even though it was raining, he went out.

4

သူ့ကိုတွေ့တာ တစ်ခါပဲရှိသေးတယ်။

I have only met him once (The meeting him is only once).

1

နိုင်ငံရေးအကြောင်း ဆွေးနွေးတာဟာ အမြဲတမ်း အကဲဆတ်ပါတယ်။

Discussing politics is always sensitive.

2

လူငယ်တွေ စာမဖတ်တာဟာ စိုးရိမ်စရာ ဖြစ်လာတယ်။

The fact that young people don't read has become a concern.

3

သူ့ရဲ့ ပြုမူပြောဆိုတာတွေက ယဉ်ကျေးမှုမရှိဘူး။

His ways of behaving and speaking are unrefined.

4

အမှန်တရားကို ဖုံးကွယ်ထားတာဟာ ရေရှည်မှာ မကောင်းဘူး။

Hiding the truth is not good in the long run.

1

ခေတ်စနစ်တွေ ပြောင်းလဲသွားတာနဲ့အမျှ လူတွေရဲ့ စိတ်နေစိတ်ထားတွေလည်း လိုက်ပါပြောင်းလဲလာကြတယ်။

As the eras change, people's mindsets also change accordingly.

2

ဘာသာစကားတစ်ခုကို ကျွမ်းကျင်စွာ တတ်မြောက်တာဟာ နှစ်ပေါင်းများစွာ အချိန်ပေးရတဲ့ အလုပ်မျိုးပါ။

Mastering a language proficiently is the kind of task that requires years of time.

3

သူ့ရဲ့ ရေးသားသီကုံးတာတွေဟာ ရှေးဆန်ပေမယ့် အနှစ်သာရရှိလှပါတယ်။

His compositions/writings are archaic but very meaningful.

4

တရားမျှတမှု မရှိတာကို လက်ပိုက်ကြည့်နေတာဟာ အပြစ်တစ်ခုပဲ။

Standing by and watching injustice is itself a sin.

سهل الخلط

Nominalized Relative Clauses (လုပ်တာ) مقابل Ta (တာ) vs Te (တဲ့)

Both involve verbs and look similar. Learners often use 'Ta' when they should be modifying a noun.

Nominalized Relative Clauses (လုပ်တာ) مقابل Ta (တာ) vs Chin (ခြင်း)

Both are nominalizers. Learners don't know which register to use.

أخطاء شائعة

ကျွန်တော် စား ကြိုက်တယ်။

ကျွန်တော် စားတာ ကြိုက်တယ်။

You cannot use a bare verb as an object; it must be nominalized.

သွားတာပါဘူး။

မသွားတာပါ။

Negative nominalization uses 'Ma-' prefix, not the '-bu' suffix.

ဝယ်တာ စာအုပ် ကောင်းတယ်။

ဝယ်တဲ့ စာအုပ် ကောင်းတယ်။

Use 'Te' (တဲ့) when a noun (book) follows the verb.

သူပြောတာကို နားမလည်ဘူး။ (intended: I don't understand the way he speaks)

သူပြောပုံကို နားမလည်ဘူး။

While 'Ta' works for manner, 'Pon' (ပုံ) is more specific for 'the way/style'.

စာဖတ်တာသည် အကျိုးရှိ၏။ (in a formal essay)

စာဖတ်ခြင်းသည် အကျိုးရှိ၏။

In formal 'i' (၏) ending sentences, 'Chin' (ခြင်း) is the correct nominalizer, not 'Ta'.

أنماط الجُمل

___ တာ ဝါသနာပါတယ်။

သူ ___ တာ အရမ်း ___ တယ်။

___ တာကို ကျွန်တော် သဘောမကျဘူး။

Real World Usage

Ordering Food very common

အရင်တစ်ခေါက်မှာတာပဲ ပေးပါ။ (Give me the same thing I ordered last time.)

Job Interview common

ဒီကုမ္ပဏီမှာ အလုပ်လုပ်တာ စိန်ခေါ်မှုရှိပါတယ်။ (Working at this company is challenging.)

Texting Friends constant

အခုဘာလုပ်နေတာလဲ။ (What are you doing right now?)

Doctor Visit occasional

ခေါင်းကိုက်တာ နှစ်ရက်ရှိပြီ။ (The headache has been for two days.)

Social Media Caption very common

ဒီနေ့ လျှောက်လည်တာ ပျော်စရာကြီး။ (Wandering around today was so fun!)

Giving Directions common

ညာဘက်ကွေ့တာ ပိုနီးတယ်။ (Turning right is closer.)

🎯

The 'What' Test

If you can replace the whole phrase with 'The thing' or 'The fact', you almost certainly need 'Ta'.
⚠️

No 'Bu' in the Middle

Never use the negative 'bu' (ဘူး) inside a 'ta' clause. It's 'ma-verb-ta', not 'ma-verb-bu-ta'.
💬

Politeness through Nominalization

Use 'ta' to talk about actions abstractly to avoid sounding like you are accusing someone directly.
💡

Manner vs. Object

Remember that 'ta' can mean 'the way' or 'the thing'. Use context clues like adjectives (fast/slow) to know it means 'the way'.

Smart Tips

Always add 'ta' to the action. Never say 'I like go', say 'I like going'.

ကျွန်တော် သွား ကြိုက်တယ်။ ကျွန်တော် သွားတာ ကြိုက်တယ်။

Use 'ta' as the subject and follow it with an adjective.

သူ ကောင်းကောင်း မောင်းတယ်။ (He drives well.) သူ မောင်းတာ ကောင်းတယ်။ (The way he drives is good.)

Treat the whole preceding clause as a single noun block.

သူ လာတယ်၊ အဲဒါကို ကျွန်တော် သိတယ်။ သူ လာတာကို ကျွန်တော် သိတယ်။

Swap 'ta' for 'chin' in your writing.

စာဖတ်တာ ကောင်းတယ်။ စာဖတ်ခြင်းသည် ကောင်းမွန်ပါသည်။

النطق

tah (low tone)

The 'Ta' Tone

The particle 'ta' is usually pronounced with a low, heavy tone, but in fast speech, it can become shorter and neutral.

mu-PYAW-tah

Glottal Stop in Negatives

When using 'Ma-' + Verb + 'Ta', the 'Ma' is a short, weak syllable.

Question Intonation

ဘာလုပ်တာလဲ? (Rising at the end)

Asking for information about an action.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Ta' as the 'Tag' you put on a verb to turn it into a 'Thing'.

ربط بصري

Imagine a verb (like a running man) being placed inside a cardboard box labeled 'TA'. Now the running man is a package you can carry around (a noun).

Rhyme

When a verb needs to be a noun, put a 'Ta' and settle down!

Story

A chef is cooking (verb). He puts his 'cooking' into a bowl (the particle 'Ta'). Now he can hand the 'cooking' (the noun) to a customer. Without the bowl, the cooking just splashes everywhere!

Word Web

စားတာသွားတာလုပ်တာပြောတာဝယ်တာလာတာ

تحدٍّ

Look around your room. Pick 3 actions you did today and turn them into 'Ta' phrases (e.g., 'Cleaning the room', 'Drinking coffee').

ملاحظات ثقافية

Using 'Ta' to describe someone's actions can be a polite way to give feedback without being too direct. For example, 'Speaking like this is a bit...' is softer than 'You speak badly.'

On Facebook, Burmese users often use 'Ta' phrases as status updates to describe their current state or feelings about an event.

Derived from the realis sentence marker 'te' (တယ်) combined with a historical nominalizing suffix.

بدايات محادثة

အားလပ်ချိန်မှာ ဘာလုပ်တာ ကြိုက်လဲ။

မြန်မာစာသင်ရတာ ဘယ်လိုနေလဲ။

မနေ့က သတင်းထဲမှာ ပြောတာကို ကြားလိုက်လား။

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Write about your favorite hobby and why you enjoy doing it.
Describe a time someone gave you advice. What did they say and how did you feel about what they said?

أخطاء شائعة

Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct nominalizer.

ကျွန်တော် စာဖတ်___ ကြိုက်တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တာ
'Reading' is the object of 'like', so we need the nominalizer 'ta'.
Choose the correct sentence. اختيار متعدد

Which one means 'The thing he said is true'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူပြောတာ မှန်တယ်။
'What he said' requires 'ta' to function as the subject.
Correct the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

မလာဘူးတာ မကောင်းဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မလာတာ မကောင်းဘူး။
Remove 'bu' in negative nominalized clauses.
Rearrange to say: 'The way she dances is beautiful.' Sentence Building

လှတယ် / သူ / တာ / က

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူကတာ လှတယ်။
Subject + Verb + Ta + Adjective.
Translate: 'I don't like his driving.' الترجمة

I don't like his driving.

Answer starts with: သူက...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူကားမောင်းတာကို သဘောမကျဘူး။
'Driving' is the object, so use 'ta-ko'.
Which of these uses 'Ta' correctly for 'The thing that...'? Grammar Sorting

Identify the 'Object' sense of 'Ta'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူပေးတာ ယူလိုက်ပါ။
'The thing he gave' is an object sense.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ဟင်းက ဘယ်လိုလဲ။ B: ချက်___ အရမ်းကောင်းတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တာ
B is commenting on the 'way' or 'act' of cooking.
Match the Burmese to the English. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Eating, 2-Rice that I eat, 3-Eat
Ta = nominalizer, Te = attributive, တယ် = sentence ending.

Score: /8

تمارين تطبيقية

8 exercises
Fill in the correct nominalizer.

ကျွန်တော် စာဖတ်___ ကြိုက်တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တာ
'Reading' is the object of 'like', so we need the nominalizer 'ta'.
Choose the correct sentence. اختيار متعدد

Which one means 'The thing he said is true'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူပြောတာ မှန်တယ်။
'What he said' requires 'ta' to function as the subject.
Correct the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

မလာဘူးတာ မကောင်းဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မလာတာ မကောင်းဘူး။
Remove 'bu' in negative nominalized clauses.
Rearrange to say: 'The way she dances is beautiful.' Sentence Building

လှတယ် / သူ / တာ / က

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူကတာ လှတယ်။
Subject + Verb + Ta + Adjective.
Translate: 'I don't like his driving.' الترجمة

I don't like his driving.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူကားမောင်းတာကို သဘောမကျဘူး။
'Driving' is the object, so use 'ta-ko'.
Which of these uses 'Ta' correctly for 'The thing that...'? Grammar Sorting

Identify the 'Object' sense of 'Ta'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူပေးတာ ယူလိုက်ပါ။
'The thing he gave' is an object sense.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ဟင်းက ဘယ်လိုလဲ။ B: ချက်___ အရမ်းကောင်းတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တာ
B is commenting on the 'way' or 'act' of cooking.
Match the Burmese to the English. Match Pairs

Match: 1. စားတာ 2. စားတဲ့ထမင်း 3. စားတယ်

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Eating, 2-Rice that I eat, 3-Eat
Ta = nominalizer, Te = attributive, တယ် = sentence ending.

Score: /8

الأسئلة الشائعة (8)

Yes! `ကောင်းတာ` (being good) or `လှတာ` (being beautiful) are common. It turns the quality into a noun phrase.

`တဲ့ဟာ` (te-ha) literally means 'the thing that'. `တာ` (ta) is more versatile and can also mean 'the way' or 'the fact'. In casual speech, `တာ` is used more often.

Rarely. In formal writing, you should use `ခြင်း` (chin) or `ချက်` (chet) depending on the context.

Burmese doesn't use 'that'. You nominalize the thought with `တာ` and add `လို့ထင်တယ်` (lo-thin-te).

Yes, by adding `တွေ` (tway). For example, `သူလုပ်တာတွေ` means 'the things that he did'.

In informal speech, `တာလဲ` (ta-le) is the standard way to ask 'what/why/how' questions about an action.

Usually no. `တာ` is used for present and past. For future, `မှာ` (hma) is sometimes used before `တာ` in specific patterns, but it's less common.

No, they are homonyms in some transcriptions but have different origins and tones in Burmese script.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English moderate

-ing / that-clause

Burmese 'ta' is a suffix, while English uses prefixes like 'that' or suffixes like '-ing'.

Japanese high

koto (こと) / no (の)

Japanese distinguishes between 'koto' and 'no' based on the following verb; Burmese mostly uses 'ta' for everything in speech.

Chinese moderate

de (的)

Chinese 'de' is also used for adjectives and possession, whereas Burmese 'ta' is strictly for nominalizing verbs.

Spanish low

el + infinitive / lo que

Burmese doesn't have an 'infinitive' form; it nominalizes the verb root directly.

German low

Substantiviertes Verb / das, was

German grammar relies on case and gender for the nominalized noun, which Burmese lacks.

Arabic low

Masdar (مصدر)

Arabic Masdars are distinct words; Burmese 'ta' is a grammatical attachment.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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